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A1 adjective #1,800 最常用 8分钟阅读

dormido

前1,800

At the A1 level, 'dormido' is one of the first adjectives you learn to describe states of being. You use it primarily with 'estar' to talk about people or pets. You learn that it changes to 'dormida' for females and 'dormidos/as' for groups. It's essential for basic descriptions of your family or daily routine, such as saying 'El gato está dormido' (The cat is asleep). You also learn 'quedarse dormido' in the context of simple stories or explaining why you might be late for a class.

At A2, you begin to use 'dormido' in more complex past tenses. You might use the imperfect 'estaba dormido' to set the scene in a story ('Cuando llegué, todo el mundo estaba dormido'). You also start to use it to describe physical sensations, like a foot falling asleep. You understand the difference between 'dormir' (the verb) and 'dormido' (the adjective) more clearly, and you can use it to describe objects metaphorically, like a 'ciudad dormida' in a simple descriptive essay.

By B1, you are comfortable using 'dormido' in various grammatical structures, including the subjunctive ('Espero que el bebé esté dormido'). you start to recognize and use common idioms like 'camarón que se duerme...'. You can discuss the concept of sleep and inactivity in more detail, using 'dormido' to describe dormant projects or inactive bank accounts. You also distinguish between 'dormido' and more nuanced synonyms like 'adormecido' or 'soñoliento' depending on the level of tiredness.

At the B2 level, you use 'dormido' with precision in both literal and figurative contexts. You can analyze literature where 'dormido' might represent a character's lack of political or social awareness. You are familiar with regional variations and slang related to sleep. You can use 'dormido' in complex conditional sentences ('Si no te hubieras quedado dormido, habríamos llegado a tiempo'). Your understanding of the word extends to professional registers, such as describing a 'mercado dormido' (stagnant market).

At C1, 'dormido' becomes a tool for subtle expression. You might use it to describe a 'talento dormido' (latent talent) or a 'sentimiento dormido' (a suppressed feeling). You understand the historical and etymological roots of the word and how it has shaped Spanish idioms. You can use it in academic or philosophical discussions about the nature of consciousness versus the 'dormido' state. You are also adept at using it in creative writing to create specific atmospheres of stillness or neglect.

At the C2 level, you have complete mastery over 'dormido'. You can appreciate and use it in the most sophisticated literary contexts, such as the works of García Márquez or Neruda, where the word might carry heavy symbolic weight. You understand its use in legal or medical jargon (e.g., 'miembros dormidos' in neurology). You can play with the word's ambiguity in puns or complex rhetoric, and you are aware of how its usage has evolved in different Spanish-speaking dialects over centuries.

开始练习例句笔记与提示

dormido 30秒了解

Dormido is the Spanish adjective for 'asleep', used with 'estar' to describe the temporary state of sleeping for people and animals.
It also describes physical numbness, like when your foot 'falls asleep', using the phrase 'tener el pie dormido'.
Grammatically, it must agree in gender and number with the noun (dormido, dormida, dormidos, dormidas).
Figuratively, it can mean slow, inattentive, or dormant when describing projects, volcanoes, or bank accounts.

The word dormido is primarily used as an adjective in Spanish to describe the state of being asleep. Derived from the verb dormir (to sleep), it functions as a past participle that has transitioned into a common descriptive term. At its most basic level, it describes a person, animal, or even a personified object that is currently resting in a state of slumber.

Primary State: Refers to the physical condition of sleep. It is almost always used with the verb 'estar' because sleep is considered a temporary state rather than a permanent characteristic.

El niño está profundamente dormido en su cuna.

Beyond literal sleep, 'dormido' has a physiological application. When a limb loses circulation and feels tingly or numb, Spanish speakers say the limb is 'dormido'. This mirrors the English expression 'my foot is asleep'. This usage is extremely common in daily conversation and follows the same grammatical rules as the literal meaning.

Metaphorical Slowness: In a more colloquial or figurative sense, calling someone 'dormido' can imply they are slow to react, inattentive, or lacking in alertness. It suggests they are 'sleeping on the job' or mentally sluggish.

¡Despierta! No seas dormido y presta atención a la clase.

In literature and poetry, 'dormido' can describe inanimate objects to evoke a sense of stillness or inactivity. A 'volcán dormido' is a dormant volcano, and a 'bosque dormido' suggests a quiet, still forest. This versatility makes it a fundamental word for learners to master early on.

La ciudad parece dormida bajo la luz de la luna.

Inactivity: Used to describe businesses, projects, or accounts that are currently inactive or not showing any signs of progress or movement.

El proyecto ha estado dormido por varios meses debido a la falta de fondos.

Se quedó dormido viendo la televisión.

Using dormido correctly involves understanding its relationship with auxiliary verbs and its role as an adjective. Unlike English, where 'asleep' is a fixed adverb/adjective, 'dormido' changes its ending to match the subject.

With 'Estar': This is the most common pairing. It describes the current state of someone. 'Juan está dormido' (Juan is asleep). Never use 'ser' for this meaning, as being asleep is not a permanent identity trait.

Mis padres están dormidos todavía; no hagas ruido.

When you want to describe the action of falling asleep or oversleeping, you use the reflexive verb 'quedarse' followed by 'dormido'. 'Me quedé dormido' can mean 'I fell asleep' (on the couch) or 'I overslept' (and missed my alarm). Context usually clarifies which one is intended.

With 'Quedarse': Used to indicate a change in state. It highlights the transition from being awake to being asleep. 'Se quedó dormida en el autobús' (She fell asleep on the bus).

Lo siento, llegué tarde porque me quedé dormido.

In medical or physical contexts, use 'tener' or 'sentir' with 'dormido' to describe numbness. 'Tengo el brazo dormido' (My arm is asleep). This is a very natural way to express that 'pins and needles' sensation.

Physical Numbness: When a body part is numb. 'Se me ha dormido la pierna' is a very common reflexive construction for this.

No puedo caminar bien, tengo el pie dormido.

Finally, as a past participle, 'dormido' is used in compound tenses with the auxiliary verb 'haber'. 'He dormido ocho horas' (I have slept eight hours). In this case, it functions as a verb and does not change for gender or number.

¿Has dormido bien esta noche?

Ella está dormida (Adjective) vs. Ella ha dormido (Verb).

You will encounter dormido in almost every facet of daily life in Spanish-speaking countries. From the quiet whispers of a parent to the frustrated excuse of a late employee, it is a high-frequency word.

At Home: Parents checking on children, or roommates asking if someone is awake. '¿Sigue dormido?' (Is he still asleep?).

Habla bajo, el bebé está dormido.

In the workplace or school, 'dormido' is often used to describe someone who isn't paying attention or is acting slowly. It's a common critique in fast-paced environments. '¡No te quedes dormido!' (Don't fall asleep/Don't be slow!).

Public Transport: Commuters often 'se quedan dormidos' on trains or buses. You might hear someone waking another person up: 'Oye, despierta, que te has quedado dormido'.

Casi me paso de parada porque estaba medio dormido.

In medical settings, a doctor might ask if you feel a limb 'dormido' to check for nerve issues. In a pharmacy, you might hear it regarding side effects of medication: 'Este jarabe te dejará un poco dormido' (This syrup will make you a bit drowsy/sleepy).

News and Media: Headlines might use it for 'dormant' issues, like 'un conflicto dormido' (a dormant conflict) that has suddenly resurfaced.

El volcán ha permanecido dormido durante siglos.

No te confíes, recuerda que camarón que se queda dormido...

Even though 'dormido' seems simple, English speakers often trip over specific Spanish grammatical rules when using it. Avoiding these will make your Spanish sound much more natural.

The 'Ser' vs 'Estar' Trap: Mistake: Saying 'Soy dormido'. This sounds like you are identifying as a person made of sleep. Correction: Always use 'Estoy dormido' to describe the state.

Incorrecto: El perro es dormido. Correcto: El perro está dormido.

Another frequent error is failing to change the gender or number. Because 'asleep' is invariable in English, learners forget that 'dormido' must match the subject. If you are talking about a group of girls, it must be 'dormidas'.

Gender Agreement: Mistake: 'Las niñas están dormido'. Correction: 'Las niñas están dormidas'. The adjective must reflect the feminine plural subject.

Mis hermanas están dormidas en el sofá.

Confusing 'falling asleep' with 'oversleeping' is common because both use 'quedarse dormido'. To specify 'oversleeping', people often add 'se me pegaron las sábanas' (the sheets stuck to me) or simply explain the context of the alarm.

Reflexive Pronouns: Mistake: 'Quedé dormido' (without the 'me'). While sometimes heard, 'Me quedé dormido' is the standard reflexive form for the transition into sleep.

Me quedé dormido en mitad de la película.

¡Ay! Se me ha dormido el brazo por dormir sobre él.

Spanish has several words related to sleep and inactivity. Understanding the nuances between dormido and its synonyms will help you choose the right word for the right situation.

Dormido vs. Adormecido: 'Dormido' means fully asleep. 'Adormecido' means drowsy, numbed, or starting to fall asleep. It is often used for the effect of anesthesia.

Después de la cirugía, todavía me sentía adormecido.

If you want to describe the feeling of wanting to sleep (sleepiness), use 'soñoliento' or the phrase 'tener sueño'. 'Dormido' is the state of already being there, while 'soñoliento' is the desire to get there.

Dormido vs. Soñoliento: 'Soñoliento' is an adjective for 'sleepy'. You are awake but struggling to stay that way. 'Dormido' means the struggle is over—you are out.

Estoy muy soñoliento hoy porque no descansé bien.

For inanimate objects or nature, 'latente' (latent) or 'inactivo' (inactive) are more formal alternatives to 'dormido'. However, 'dormido' is much more poetic and common in descriptive writing.

Dormido vs. Inactivo: 'Inactivo' is technical and dry. 'Dormido' implies a potential to wake up or return to life.

El virus permanece dormido en el sistema hasta que se activa.

Míralo, está frito; no se va a despertar con nada.

How Formal Is It?

正式

非正式

俚语

难度评级

需要掌握的语法

按水平分级的例句

El perro está dormido.

The dog is asleep.

Uses 'estar' for a temporary state.

Mi hermana está dormida.

My sister is asleep.

Feminine singular agreement: dormida.

¿Estás dormido?

Are you asleep?

Question form with 'estar'.

Los bebés están dormidos.

The babies are asleep.

Masculine plural agreement: dormidos.

Me quedé dormido en el sofá.

I fell asleep on the sofa.

Reflexive 'quedarse' indicates falling asleep.

El gato no está dormido, está despierto.

The cat is not asleep, it is awake.

Contrast between 'dormido' and 'despierto'.

Tengo el pie dormido.

My foot is asleep.

Used with 'tener' for numbness.

Ella siempre está dormida a las diez.

She is always asleep at ten.

Adverb 'siempre' with the state.

Ayer me quedé dormido y llegué tarde.

Yesterday I overslept and arrived late.

Preterite of 'quedarse' for a specific event.

El niño se quedó dormido durante la película.

The boy fell asleep during the movie.

Third person reflexive 'se quedó'.

Estaba tan cansado que me quedé dormido de pie.

I was so tired that I fell asleep standing up.

Resultative 'tan... que'.

Vimos un oso dormido en el bosque.

We saw a sleeping bear in the forest.

Adjective modifying the noun 'oso'.

Mis manos están dormidas por el frío.

My hands are numb because of the cold.

Plural feminine agreement: dormidas.

No despiertes al abuelo, está profundamente dormido.

Don't wake up grandpa, he is sound asleep.

Adverb 'profundamente' modifying 'dormido'.

La computadora está en modo dormido.

The computer is in sleep mode.

Technical use for 'sleep mode'.

Pareces dormido, ¿no has tomado café?

You look asleep, haven't you had coffee?

Verb 'parecer' with the adjective.

Es peligroso conducir si estás medio dormido.

It's dangerous to drive if you are half-asleep.

Compound adjective 'medio dormido'.

Dudo que el niño esté dormido todavía.

I doubt the child is asleep yet.

Subjunctive 'esté' after 'dudo que'.

Se me ha dormido la pierna de estar sentado así.

My leg has fallen asleep from sitting like that.

Present perfect reflexive for a recent state.

El volcán Teide está dormido, pero no apagado.

The Teide volcano is dormant, but not extinct.

Metaphorical use for 'dormant'.

Si te hubieras quedado dormido, habrías perdido el vuelo.

If you had fallen asleep, you would have missed the flight.

Third conditional with 'quedarse dormido'.

La empresa tiene mucho capital dormido en el banco.

The company has a lot of idle capital in the bank.

Financial use for 'idle' or 'inactive'.

No seas dormido y aprovecha esta oportunidad.

Don't be slow/inattentive and take this opportunity.

Imperative 'no seas' (don't be) used figuratively.

El pueblo parecía dormido en la tarde de verano.

The village seemed asleep in the summer afternoon.

Descriptive imperfect 'parecía'.

El paciente sigue dormido tras la anestesia.

The patient is still asleep after the anesthesia.

Verb 'seguir' (to continue) + adjective.

Hay un sentimiento dormido que ha vuelto a despertar.

There is a dormant feeling that has awakened again.

Abstract metaphorical use.

El mercado inmobiliario ha estado dormido este trimestre.

The real estate market has been stagnant this quarter.

Economic context for 'stagnant'.

No te quedes dormido en los laureles.

Don't rest on your laurels.

Idiomatic expression 'dormirse en los laureles'.

Me desperté con el brazo totalmente dormido.

I woke up with my arm completely numb.

Adverb 'totalmente' modifying the state.

La ley ha permanecido dormida durante décadas.

The law has remained dormant for decades.

Legal/Institutional context.

Estaba tan dormido que no escuché la alarma.

I was so sound asleep that I didn't hear the alarm.

Intensifier 'tan' with 'dormido'.

El proyecto está dormido a la espera de aprobación.

The project is dormant pending approval.

Professional context for 'on hold'.

Su genio permanecía dormido hasta que encontró su vocación.

His genius remained dormant until he found his calling.

Literary use for 'latent talent'.

La ciudad, dormida bajo un manto de nieve, guardaba silencio.

The city, asleep under a blanket of snow, kept silent.

Appositive adjective for poetic effect.

Es un conflicto dormido que podría estallar en cualquier momento.

It is a dormant conflict that could erupt at any moment.

Political/Social context.

El autor utiliza el estado dormido como metáfora de la muerte.

The author uses the state of being asleep as a metaphor for death.

Analytical/Academic context.

A pesar de estar dormido, su cerebro procesaba los sonidos.

Despite being asleep, his brain was processing sounds.

Concessive clause 'A pesar de'.

El deseo dormido afloró tras años de represión.

The dormant desire surfaced after years of repression.

Psychological context.

Quedarse dormido al volante es una de las mayores causas de accidentes.

Falling asleep at the wheel is one of the major causes of accidents.

Infinitive phrase as a subject.

La cuenta bancaria fue marcada como 'dormida' por falta de uso.

The bank account was marked as 'dormant' due to lack of use.

Administrative/Financial terminology.

La conciencia colectiva parece dormida ante tales injusticias.

The collective conscience seems asleep in the face of such injustices.

Sociological/Philosophical use.

En su prosa, lo dormido cobra una dimensión ontológica.

In his prose, the 'asleep' takes on an ontological dimension.

Substantive use of the adjective 'lo dormido'.

El gigante dormido de la economía asiática ha despertado.

The sleeping giant of the Asian economy has awakened.

Geopolitical metaphor.

Su voz sonaba como si hablara desde un rincón dormido de su mente.

His voice sounded as if he were speaking from a dormant corner of his mind.

Complex comparative structure.

La belleza dormida del mármol esperaba la mano del escultor.

The sleeping beauty of the marble awaited the sculptor's hand.

High literary personification.

Un volcán dormido es una promesa de fuego latente.

A dormant volcano is a promise of latent fire.

Aphoristic/Poetic style.

La ciudad se hallaba sumida en un sueño dormido y pesado.

The city was plunged into a dormant and heavy sleep.

Redundant use for stylistic emphasis.

El instinto, aunque dormido, nunca desaparece por completo.

Instinct, though dormant, never completely disappears.

Concessive 'aunque' with adjective.

常见搭配

Estar dormido

Quedarse dormido

Profundamente dormido

Medio dormido

Pie dormido

Brazo dormido

Volcán dormido

Sentimiento dormido

Capital dormido

Pueblo dormido

常用短语

Se me durmió la pierna

Quedarse dormido en los laureles

Estar como dormido

Caer dormido

Seguir dormido

Aparecer dormido

Estar medio dormido

Dormido profundamente

Parecer dormido

Estar aún dormido

容易混淆的词

dormido vs Dormir (verb)

dormido vs Duerme (verb conjugation)

dormido vs Sueño (noun/dream)

习语与表达

容易混淆

dormido vs

句型

如何使用

numbness

Use reflexive structures for natural sounding numbness descriptions.

oversleeping

'Quedarse dormido' is the standard for oversleeping.

ser vs estar

Never use 'ser' for the state of sleep.

常见错误

Using 'ser' implies a permanent identity. Use 'estar' for the state of sleep.
The adjective must agree in gender (feminine) and number (plural) with 'gatas'.
After 'quedarse' to mean 'to fall asleep', you need the adjective 'dormido', not the infinitive 'dormir'.
To describe numbness, use the adjective 'dormido' to modify the noun 'pie'.
In compound tenses with 'haber', the past participle 'dormido' never changes its ending.

小贴士

Agreement is Key

Always check the noun you are describing. A 'gata' (female cat) is 'dormida', not 'dormido'. This is a common A1 mistake.

Half-Asleep

Use 'medio dormido' to describe that state of being awake but not fully alert. It's a very useful phrase for morning conversations.

The Shrimp Proverb

Learn 'Camarón que se duerme, se lo lleva la corriente'. It's a great way to use the concept of 'dormirse' (falling asleep) in a cultural context.

Soft 'D'

The 'd' in 'dormido' is between vowels, so it should be pronounced softly, like the 'th' in 'weather', not a hard 'd' like in 'dog'.

Falling Asleep

Use 'quedarse dormido' when you want to emphasize the moment you lost consciousness, like during a movie or a boring lecture.

Numbness

If your limb feels like 'pins and needles', use 'dormido'. It's the exact equivalent of the English 'my leg is asleep'.

Dormant Volcanoes

Remember that 'dormido' is the word for 'dormant' when talking about volcanoes. It's a more poetic and common term than 'inactivo'.

Don't be 'Dormido'

In a social or work setting, being 'dormido' means you are slow. Stay 'despierto' (awake/alert) to make a good impression!

Haber vs Estar

If you hear 'ha dormido', it's a verb (has slept). If you hear 'está dormido', it's an adjective (is asleep). The 'o' never changes with 'haber'.

Deep Sleep

In stories, use 'profundamente dormido' to create a sense of peace or to explain why a character didn't hear something important.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of a 'Dorm' (dormitory) where students are 'dormido' (asleep).

词源

Latin

文化背景

The traditional afternoon nap.

Reflects the importance of being proactive.

Being 'dormido' is often seen as a negative trait in social settings.

在生活中练习

真实语境

对话开场白

"¿A qué hora te quedaste dormido anoche?"

"¿Alguna vez te has quedado dormido en el autobús?"

"¿Qué haces cuando se te duerme un pie?"

"¿Prefieres estar dormido o despierto temprano?"

"¿Tu perro está siempre dormido?"

日记主题

Describe un momento en el que te quedaste dormido en un lugar extraño.

Escribe sobre un proyecto que ha estado dormido y quieres empezar.

¿Cómo te sientes cuando estás medio dormido por la mañana?

Describe una ciudad dormida a las tres de la mañana.

¿Qué significa para ti 'dormirse en los laureles'?

常见问题

10 个问题

No, you should always use 'Estoy dormido'. 'Ser' is for permanent characteristics, while being asleep is a temporary state. Using 'ser' would sound like you are defining your identity as 'asleep', which doesn't make sense in Spanish.

'Dormido' means you are fully asleep. 'Adormecido' is more like being drowsy, numbed, or in a state of semi-sleep. You might feel 'adormecido' after taking medicine or when a local anesthetic is wearing off.

The most natural way is to say 'Se me ha dormido el pie'. You can also say 'Tengo el pie dormido'. Both are very common and use the adjective 'dormido' to describe the numbness.

Yes, when it functions as an adjective. You must use 'dormido' for males, 'dormida' for females, 'dormidos' for groups of males or mixed groups, and 'dormidas' for groups of females.

It has two main meanings: 'to fall asleep' (transitioning into sleep) and 'to oversleep' (sleeping past your intended wake-up time). The context of the sentence usually makes the meaning clear.

Yes, it can be used metaphorically. For example, a 'volcán dormido' is a dormant volcano, and a 'cuenta dormida' is an inactive bank account. It implies a state of inactivity with the potential to wake up.

Not exactly 'stupid', but it can mean 'slow' or 'inattentive'. If someone calls you 'dormido' in a meeting, they mean you aren't paying attention or are reacting too slowly to what's happening.

You use the adverb 'profundamente'. So, 'está profundamente dormido' means 'he is sound asleep' or 'he is in a deep sleep'.

It can be both. It is the past participle of 'dormir' (used in verbs like 'he dormido'), but it is very frequently used as an adjective (like 'está dormido').

The most direct opposite is 'despierto', which means 'awake'. Just like 'dormido', 'despierto' must agree in gender and number with the subject.