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A1 verb #2,000 最常用 11分钟阅读

انتظار کشیدن

entezar keshidan
When beginning to learn the Persian language at the A1 level, students are introduced to a variety of fundamental concepts that form the bedrock of everyday communication. Among these essential vocabulary items is the compound verb 'انتظار کشیدن', which translates to 'to wait' or 'to expect'. At this initial stage of language acquisition, learners focus primarily on the most basic and literal applications of the word. Understanding how to express the concept of waiting is crucial for navigating daily scenarios, such as using public transportation, meeting friends, or attending appointments. The verb is composed of two distinct parts: the noun 'انتظار', meaning expectation or waiting, and the versatile Persian verb 'کشیدن', which literally means to pull or to draw, but in this context, it takes on the meaning of experiencing or enduring a state of being. For an A1 learner, mastering the present simple and past simple conjugations of this verb is a primary objective. Students learn to say 'من انتظار می‌کشم' (I wait) and 'من انتظار کشیدم' (I waited). It is important to note that while 'انتظار کشیدن' is widely understood, beginners might also frequently encounter the synonymous phrase 'منتظر بودن' (to be waiting) or 'صبر کردن' (to wait/have patience), which are sometimes easier to conjugate. However, introducing 'انتظار کشیدن' early on provides a valuable stepping stone into the world of Persian compound verbs, a grammatical structure that dominates the language. Instructors at the A1 level typically emphasize rote memorization of these basic forms and encourage students to practice them in highly structured, predictable contexts. Role-playing exercises involving waiting for a bus, waiting for a class to start, or waiting for a friend at a cafe are common pedagogical tools used to reinforce this vocabulary. Furthermore, understanding the cultural context of waiting in Iranian society can add an interesting dimension to the learning process, even at a basic level. While punctuality is valued in professional settings, social gatherings often have a more fluid approach to time, making the act of waiting a common shared experience. By grasping the fundamental usage of 'انتظار کشیدن', A1 learners equip themselves with a vital tool for expressing their current state and actions, thereby increasing their communicative competence and confidence in everyday Persian interactions. This foundational knowledge paves the way for more complex grammatical structures and nuanced expressions in subsequent levels of proficiency.
As learners progress to the A2 level in Persian, their understanding and application of the verb 'انتظار کشیدن' expand significantly beyond the basic present and past tenses. At this stage, students are expected to handle more complex sentence structures and express a wider range of temporal concepts. A key focus at the A2 level is the introduction of the future tense and the continuous aspects of verbs. Learners begin to construct sentences like 'من فردا انتظار خواهم کشید' (I will wait tomorrow) or 'داشتم انتظار می‌کشیدم' (I was waiting), allowing them to narrate events with greater precision. Furthermore, A2 students learn to connect 'انتظار کشیدن' with subordinate clauses using conjunctions like 'تا' (until). This is a critical grammatical milestone, as it introduces the necessity of the subjunctive mood. For example, forming the sentence 'انتظار می‌کشم تا او بیاید' (I wait until he comes) requires understanding that the second verb must be in the subjunctive form. This structural complexity helps learners transition from simple, independent sentences to more fluid, connected discourse. Additionally, vocabulary expansion at this level involves learning the specific prepositions that collocate with the verb, primarily 'برای' (for). Students practice saying 'برای اتوبوس انتظار می‌کشم' (I am waiting for the bus), ensuring they do not mistakenly use direct object markers. The contexts in which the verb is practiced also become more varied. While A1 focused on immediate, concrete situations, A2 scenarios might include discussing future plans, recounting past inconveniences, or expressing simple conditions. Role-plays might involve complaining about a long wait at a restaurant or explaining why one was late due to waiting for a taxi. Teachers also begin to explicitly contrast 'انتظار کشیدن' with 'صبر کردن', helping students understand that while both mean 'to wait', 'صبر کردن' is more commonly used for commands (e.g., 'صبر کن!' - Wait!). By mastering these intermediate grammatical structures and nuanced usages, A2 learners solidify their grasp of 'انتظار کشیدن', transforming it from a static vocabulary word into a dynamic tool for everyday storytelling and practical communication in Persian-speaking environments.
Reaching the B1 threshold in Persian marks a transition from basic functional communication to a more nuanced and expressive use of the language. For the verb 'انتظار کشیدن', this means learners are now equipped to handle abstract concepts, complex emotional states, and more sophisticated grammatical structures. At the B1 level, the focus shifts heavily towards the subjunctive mood, conditionals, and expressing hypothetical situations. Students learn to use the verb in sentences expressing doubt, desire, or necessity, such as 'باید انتظار بکشم' (I must wait) or 'شاید انتظار بکشد' (Perhaps he will wait). The ability to seamlessly integrate the subjunctive form 'بکشم' into various syntactic environments is a hallmark of B1 proficiency. Furthermore, learners begin to explore the emotional weight of the word. 'انتظار کشیدن' is no longer just about standing at a bus stop; it becomes a vehicle for expressing longing, frustration, or anticipation. Sentences like 'برای دیدن تو خیلی انتظار کشیدم' (I waited a lot to see you) demonstrate an ability to convey personal feelings. B1 students also encounter the verb in more diverse media, such as intermediate reading texts, news snippets, and conversational podcasts. They learn to recognize the noun form 'انتظار' used independently in phrases like 'در انتظار' (in waiting/expectation). The distinction between 'انتظار کشیدن' (the act of waiting) and 'انتظار داشتن' (the mental state of expecting something from someone) is solidified at this stage, preventing common semantic errors. For instance, understanding the difference between waiting for a friend to arrive versus expecting a friend to behave well. Practice exercises at the B1 level often involve writing short essays or participating in discussions where they must justify their actions, narrate complex past events involving delays, or express their hopes for the future. By mastering these intermediate-advanced applications, B1 learners demonstrate a solid command of Persian verb mechanics and a growing sensitivity to the cultural and emotional undertones embedded within the vocabulary, allowing for much more natural and authentic interactions.
At the B2 level, learners of Persian are expected to demonstrate a high degree of fluency, accuracy, and sociolinguistic awareness. The use of 'انتظار کشیدن' at this stage reflects a deep internalization of both its grammatical flexibility and its stylistic nuances. B2 students can effortlessly deploy the verb across all tenses and moods, including complex compound tenses like the past perfect ('انتظار کشیده بودم' - I had waited) and the present perfect ('انتظار کشیده‌ام' - I have waited), using them to construct sophisticated narratives and arguments. They are comfortable with passive constructions and impersonal uses, although 'انتظار کشیدن' is inherently active; they might use related passive forms like 'انتظار می‌رود' (it is expected). A significant aspect of B2 proficiency is the ability to understand and use idiomatic expressions and collocations associated with the verb. Learners encounter literary and journalistic texts where 'انتظار کشیدن' is used metaphorically, such as a nation waiting for economic reform or a society waiting for justice. The vocabulary is integrated into discussions on abstract topics, politics, and social issues. Furthermore, B2 learners are highly attuned to register. They know when 'انتظار کشیدن' is appropriate in a formal written context versus when a colloquial alternative like 'معطل شدن' (to be delayed/kept waiting) might be more suitable in casual speech. They can express subtle shades of meaning, distinguishing between eager anticipation, anxious dread, and weary resignation, all using the same core verb modified by advanced adverbs and descriptive clauses. Listening comprehension at this level involves understanding fast-paced, authentic dialogue in movies or debates where the verb might be contracted or spoken with regional accents. Writing tasks require the production of cohesive, well-structured texts where 'انتظار کشیدن' contributes to the overall rhetorical effect. By achieving mastery over these advanced features, B2 learners prove their capability to engage with the Persian language not just as a tool for basic survival, but as a rich medium for complex intellectual and emotional expression.
The C1 level in Persian represents an advanced, near-native level of proficiency where learners possess a vast vocabulary and an intuitive grasp of complex grammatical and stylistic conventions. At this stage, the verb 'انتظار کشیدن' is utilized with exceptional precision, elegance, and cultural resonance. C1 learners do not merely use the verb to convey the literal act of waiting; they exploit its full semantic range to express profound philosophical, literary, and emotional concepts. They are deeply familiar with the presence of 'انتظار' in classical Persian literature, recognizing its frequent use by poets like Hafez, Saadi, and Rumi to symbolize the agonizing yet purifying wait for the divine beloved or spiritual enlightenment. Consequently, they can seamlessly incorporate this poetic resonance into their own advanced writing and speech when appropriate. Furthermore, C1 students are adept at navigating the highly formal register of Persian (Ketabi) used in academic papers, official speeches, and high-level journalism. They can construct intricate, multi-clause sentences where 'انتظار کشیدن' interacts with advanced conjunctions, rhetorical devices, and nuanced vocabulary. They understand the subtle sociolinguistic implications of the word in different contexts—for instance, how expressing that one has 'waited' can be used as a polite reproach or a demonstration of loyalty in Iranian social etiquette (Ta'arof). At this level, learners are also acutely aware of the theological concept of 'Entezār' in Shia Islam (the awaiting of the Mahdi) and can discuss its cultural and political implications using the verb accurately. Errors at the C1 level are rare and usually involve highly specific stylistic choices rather than grammatical mistakes. Practice involves engaging with authentic, unadapted texts of considerable difficulty, participating in nuanced debates, and producing sophisticated essays. By mastering 'انتظار کشیدن' at the C1 level, learners demonstrate their ability to manipulate the Persian language with the sophistication, depth, and cultural awareness expected of a highly educated speaker.
At the C2 level, the pinnacle of language proficiency, a learner's command of the Persian language is virtually indistinguishable from that of an educated native speaker. The utilization of 'انتظار کشیدن' at this stage transcends mere grammatical correctness and vocabulary recall; it becomes an exercise in rhetorical mastery, stylistic brilliance, and profound cultural immersion. C2 speakers possess an encyclopedic knowledge of the verb's historical evolution, its etymological roots, and its myriad connotations across different eras of Persian literature and discourse. They can effortlessly deconstruct the psychological and philosophical dimensions of 'waiting' as expressed through this specific compound verb, contrasting it with concepts from other languages or philosophical traditions. In spoken and written production, C2 learners deploy 'انتظار کشیدن' with absolute precision, tailoring its use to the most demanding and specialized contexts, whether it be a complex legal argument, a nuanced literary critique, or a highly diplomatic negotiation. They are masters of irony, sarcasm, and understatement, capable of using the verb to convey meanings that are entirely dependent on context and intonation. Furthermore, they are entirely comfortable with the most archaic and poetic forms of the word, seamlessly integrating classical allusions into modern discourse to elevate their rhetorical impact. At this level, the focus is on the artistry of language. A C2 speaker knows exactly how the rhythm and sound of 'انتظار کشیدن' fit into the cadence of a sentence, using it to create specific aesthetic effects. They can invent novel metaphors and collocations based on the verb that sound natural and evocative to native ears. The learning process at C2 involves continuous, critical engagement with the most challenging authentic materials available, constantly refining one's stylistic repertoire. Ultimately, for a C2 learner, 'انتظار کشیدن' is not just a verb meaning 'to wait'; it is a multifaceted linguistic instrument used to sculpt complex thoughts, evoke deep emotions, and engage in the highest levels of intellectual and cultural exchange within the Persian-speaking world.
开始练习 例句 笔记与提示

انتظار کشیدن 30秒了解

  • Means 'to wait' or 'to expect'.
  • Compound verb: entezar + keshidan.
  • Uses preposition 'barāye' (for).
  • Conjugates mainly on 'keshidan'.
Understanding the fundamental meaning of the Persian compound verb 'انتظار کشیدن' requires a deep dive into both its literal components and its broader semantic applications within the language. At its core, this verb translates to 'to wait' or 'to expect' in English, but the mechanics of how it conveys this meaning are deeply rooted in Persian grammatical structures and cultural nuances. The verb is composed of two distinct parts: the noun 'انتظار' (entezār), which is derived from an Arabic root meaning expectation, anticipation, or the act of waiting, and the versatile Persian verb 'کشیدن' (keshidan), which literally translates to 'to pull', 'to draw', or 'to drag'. When these two words are combined to form the compound verb, the literal translation becomes something akin to 'to pull expectation' or 'to draw out anticipation'. However, in everyday usage, it simply means to endure the state of waiting for an event to occur, a person to arrive, or a specific outcome to materialize.
Literal Meaning
To pull or draw out expectation.

من برای اتوبوس انتظار کشیدم.

This concept of 'pulling' or 'enduring' waiting highlights a subtle psychological aspect of the word; it often implies a sense of duration, effort, or emotional investment in the act of waiting, distinguishing it slightly from more passive verbs. When a Persian speaker uses this phrase, they are not merely stating a physical reality of standing in one place, but often conveying the mental and emotional state of anticipation.
Psychological Aspect
Implies endurance and emotional investment in the waiting process.

او سال‌ها انتظار کشید تا فرزندش برگردد.

In literature and poetry, this verb is frequently employed to express the profound longing of a lover waiting for their beloved, or the spiritual anticipation of a divine presence. The weight of the word 'انتظار' carries centuries of poetic tradition, where the act of waiting is elevated to a noble, albeit painful, endeavor.
Poetic Usage
Frequently used in classical literature to denote romantic or spiritual longing.

در فراق تو بسیار انتظار کشیدم.

For language learners, grasping this dual nature—the mundane act of waiting for a bus versus the profound act of waiting for a loved one—is essential for achieving fluency and cultural competence. The versatility of the verb allows it to seamlessly transition between these different registers, making it a crucial component of any comprehensive Persian vocabulary builder.

بیمار در مطب دکتر انتظار می‌کشد.

Furthermore, understanding the etymology of the Arabic loanword 'انتظار' provides insight into the historical interactions between the Arabic and Persian languages, a dynamic that has significantly shaped the modern Persian lexicon. The integration of Arabic nouns with native Persian auxiliary verbs like 'کشیدن', 'کردن', or 'دادن' is a hallmark of Persian morphology, and mastering this pattern unlocks the ability to comprehend and generate thousands of similar compound verbs.

ما نباید بیش از این انتظار بکشیم.

In conclusion, while the basic definition of 'انتظار کشیدن' is simply 'to wait', a thorough examination reveals a word rich in literal imagery, psychological depth, poetic resonance, and structural importance. By internalizing these various facets, learners can move beyond mere translation and begin to use the word with the natural intuition of a native speaker, accurately conveying the precise shade of meaning required by any given context.
Mastering the usage of the Persian compound verb 'انتظار کشیدن' involves understanding its grammatical behavior, conjugation patterns, and the specific prepositions that accompany it in various sentence structures. As a compound verb, it follows the standard rules of Persian morphology, where the noun 'انتظار' remains constant, while the verbal component 'کشیدن' undergoes conjugation to reflect tense, person, and mood.
Present Stem
The present stem of keshidan is 'kesh' (کش).

من هر روز اینجا انتظار می‌کشم.

In the simple present tense, the verb is conjugated as 'انتظار می‌کشم' (I wait), 'انتظار می‌کشی' (you wait), 'انتظار می‌کشد' (he/she/it waits), and so forth. The past tense is formed using the past stem 'keshid', resulting in forms like 'انتظار کشیدم' (I waited) and 'انتظار کشیدند' (they waited).
Subjunctive Mood
Formed with the prefix 'be-' attached to the present stem.

شاید فردا انتظار بکشم.

When constructing sentences, it is vital to use the correct prepositions to link the verb to its object. The most common preposition used with 'انتظار کشیدن' is 'برای' (barāye), meaning 'for'. For example, 'من برای تو انتظار کشیدم' translates to 'I waited for you'.
Preposition Usage
Use 'برای' (barāye) to indicate who or what is being waited for.

او برای دریافت نامه انتظار می‌کشد.

Another important construction involves the conjunction 'تا' (tā), meaning 'until' or 'so that', which is used to introduce a subordinate clause indicating the event being waited for. For instance, 'انتظار کشیدم تا او بیاید' means 'I waited until he came'. This structure often requires the subjunctive mood in the subordinate clause, a critical grammatical point for intermediate and advanced learners.

ما انتظار کشیدیم تا باران بند بیاید.

Furthermore, the verb can be used in the negative form by adding the negative prefix 'na-' or 'ne-' to the verbal component. In the present tense, 'می‌کشم' becomes 'نمی‌کشم' (nemi-kesham), resulting in 'انتظار نمی‌کشم' (I do not wait). In the subjunctive, 'بکشم' becomes 'نکشم' (nakesham). Understanding these negative formations is essential for expressing impatience or a refusal to wait.

من دیگر برای او انتظار نمی‌کشم.

It is also worth noting that while 'انتظار کشیدن' is a transitive concept in English (waiting *for* something), in Persian, the compound verb itself functions intransitively unless accompanied by a prepositional phrase. You cannot directly attach a direct object marker 'را' (rā) to the thing being waited for in this specific verbal construction. By meticulously practicing these conjugation patterns, prepositional collocations, and syntactic structures, learners can confidently integrate 'انتظار کشیدن' into their active vocabulary, ensuring clear and grammatically accurate communication in a wide variety of contexts.
The phrase 'انتظار کشیدن' permeates various facets of Iranian life, culture, and media, making it a highly frequent and essential vocabulary item for learners to recognize and understand in its natural contexts. You will hear this verb in an incredibly diverse array of situations, ranging from the most mundane daily interactions to highly elevated literary and philosophical discourses.
Daily Life
Commonly heard in public spaces like bus stops, banks, and clinics.

مردم در صف نانوایی انتظار می‌کشند.

In everyday conversational Persian, it is frequently employed when discussing the logistics of time and schedules. For example, if someone is running late, a friend might call and say, 'چقدر باید انتظار بکشم؟' (How long must I wait?). Similarly, in professional or bureaucratic settings, such as waiting for a visa application to be processed or waiting for a doctor's appointment, the phrase accurately captures the endurance required in these situations.
Bureaucratic Contexts
Used to describe the often lengthy process of waiting for official documents or services.

برای گرفتن ویزا ماه‌ها انتظار کشیدیم.

Beyond the practicalities of daily life, 'انتظار کشیدن' holds a profound place in Persian literature, poetry, and music. Classical poets like Hafez and Rumi frequently explored the theme of 'entezār'—the painful yet spiritually purifying act of waiting for the beloved or for divine revelation. In traditional Persian music (Musiqi-e Sonnati), singers often passionately deliver lyrics about the agony of waiting, using this exact verb to convey deep emotional resonance.
Musical Lyrics
A staple in romantic and melancholic Persian songs.

در کوچه‌های شب به یاد تو انتظار کشیدم.

Furthermore, in a religious and cultural context, particularly within Shia Islam, the concept of 'Entezār' is deeply tied to the anticipation of the return of the Mahdi, the hidden Imam. While the noun form is more prominent in this theological context, the verb 'انتظار کشیدن' is also used to describe the active, hopeful state of the faithful awaiting this eschatological event. This adds a layer of spiritual gravity to the word that is immediately recognized by native speakers.

مؤمنان برای ظهور منجی انتظار می‌کشند.

In modern media, such as Iranian cinema and television serials, the verb is a staple of dramatic dialogue. Characters waiting for news of a loved one in the hospital, waiting for a verdict in a courtroom drama, or waiting for a romantic partner to make a decision will invariably use 'انتظار کشیدن' to express their tension and suspense.

خانواده بیمار پشت در اتاق عمل انتظار می‌کشیدند.

By exposing themselves to these varied contexts—from the bakery line to the poetry book, from the pop song to the religious sermon—learners can develop a rich, multidimensional understanding of how 'انتظار کشیدن' functions as a vital thread in the tapestry of Persian communication.
When learning the Persian verb 'انتظار کشیدن', students frequently encounter several common pitfalls related to semantics, grammar, and syntax. One of the most prevalent mistakes is confusing this verb with its close synonyms, particularly 'صبر کردن' (sabr kardan - to be patient/to wait) and 'منتظر بودن' (montazer boodan - to be waiting). While they are often interchangeable in English, they carry subtle distinctions in Persian.
Semantic Confusion
Mixing up the active endurance of 'entezar keshidan' with the state of 'montazer boodan'.

غلط: من انتظار هستم. درست: من انتظار می‌کشم یا من منتظر هستم.

'انتظار کشیدن' emphasizes the duration and the act of enduring the wait, whereas 'صبر کردن' focuses more on the virtue of patience, and 'منتظر بودن' simply describes the state of expecting someone or something. Another frequent grammatical error involves the incorrect use of prepositions. English speakers often try to translate 'waiting for' directly, leading to awkward constructions.
Preposition Errors
Using incorrect prepositions or omitting them entirely.

غلط: من تو را انتظار کشیدم. درست: من برای تو انتظار کشیدم.

As mentioned earlier, the correct preposition is usually 'برای' (barāye). Furthermore, learners sometimes struggle with the conjugation of the compound verb, mistakenly attempting to conjugate the noun portion ('انتظار') or placing the negative or subjunctive prefixes on the noun instead of the verb 'کشیدن'.
Prefix Placement
Attaching prefixes to the wrong part of the compound verb.

غلط: نانتظار کشیدم. درست: انتظار نکشیدم.

Another nuanced mistake is confusing 'انتظار کشیدن' (to wait) with 'توقع داشتن' (tavaqqo dāshtan) or 'انتظار داشتن' (entezār dāshtan), which mean 'to expect' in the sense of demanding a standard or anticipating a behavior. While 'انتظار' means expectation, 'انتظار کشیدن' is strictly about the passage of time waiting for an event, whereas 'انتظار داشتن' is about mental expectations of people or outcomes.

غلط: از تو انتظار می‌کشم که خوب باشی. درست: از تو انتظار دارم که خوب باشی.

Finally, learners sometimes overuse 'انتظار کشیدن' in situations where a simple imperative 'صبر کن' (sabr kon - wait!) is more appropriate. 'انتظار بکش' sounds highly dramatic and unnatural as a casual command to tell someone to hold on for a second.

غلط: یک لحظه انتظار بکش! درست: یک لحظه صبر کن!

By being mindful of these common errors—distinguishing it from similar verbs, mastering the prepositions, ensuring correct prefix placement, differentiating between waiting and expecting behavior, and choosing the appropriate register for commands—learners can significantly improve the accuracy and naturalness of their Persian.
Expanding your Persian vocabulary involves not only learning new words but also understanding the subtle distinctions between synonyms and related terms. The verb 'انتظار کشیدن' exists within a rich semantic field of words related to waiting, patience, and expectation. The most direct and common synonym is 'منتظر ماندن' (montazer māndan), which literally translates to 'to remain waiting'.
منتظر ماندن (Montazer Māndan)
To remain in a state of waiting.

او ساعت‌ها در ایستگاه منتظر ماند.

Another highly frequent alternative is 'صبر کردن' (sabr kardan), which means 'to wait' or 'to have patience'. While 'انتظار کشیدن' emphasizes the duration and the specific act of anticipating an event, 'صبر کردن' emphasizes the emotional restraint and calmness required during the wait.
صبر کردن (Sabr Kardan)
To have patience; to wait calmly.

لطفاً کمی صبر کنید تا مدیر بیاید.

For expressing expectation in the sense of anticipating a behavior or a standard, the phrase 'انتظار داشتن' (entezār dāshtan) is used. This is a crucial distinction: you 'انتظار می‌کشید' (wait) for a bus, but you 'انتظار دارید' (expect) your friend to be honest.
انتظار داشتن (Entezār Dāshtan)
To expect (a behavior or outcome).

من از شما انتظار دارم که به موقع برسید.

In literary or highly poetic contexts, you might encounter the beautiful idiom 'چشم به راه بودن' (cheshm be rāh boodan), which literally means 'to have eyes on the road'. This vividly conveys the image of someone anxiously looking out for a visitor or news, carrying a strong emotional weight of longing and anticipation.

مادر همیشه برای بازگشت پسرش چشم به راه بود.

Another related term is 'توقع داشتن' (tavaqqo dāshtan), which is similar to 'انتظار داشتن' but often carries a slightly stronger sense of entitlement or demand in the expectation. Understanding these nuances allows a learner to choose the precise word for the situation. If you are enduring a long delay at the airport, 'انتظار کشیدن' perfectly captures the fatigue of the passage of time. If you are telling a child to hold on a minute, 'صبر کردن' is the natural choice. If you are expressing deep, romantic longing, 'چشم به راه بودن' elevates your speech.

ما نباید از دیگران توقع داشته باشیم که همیشه کمک کنند.

By mapping out this network of related vocabulary, learners can navigate the Persian language with greater precision, ensuring that their choice of words accurately reflects their intended meaning, emotional tone, and the specific context of the conversation.

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1

من در ایستگاه انتظار می‌کشم.

I wait at the station.

Simple present tense using the prefix 'mi-'.

2

او دیروز انتظار کشید.

He waited yesterday.

Simple past tense using the past stem 'keshid'.

3

ما برای تو انتظار می‌کشیم.

We are waiting for you.

Use of preposition 'barāye' (for).

4

آنها انتظار نمی‌کشند.

They do not wait.

Negative present tense with 'nemi-'.

5

من اینجا انتظار کشیدم.

I waited here.

Basic past tense statement.

6

آیا تو انتظار می‌کشی؟

Are you waiting?

Question formation in simple present.

7

برادرم در خانه انتظار می‌کشد.

My brother waits at home.

Third person singular conjugation.

8

من برای اتوبوس انتظار کشیدم.

I waited for the bus.

Combining preposition 'barāye' with past tense.

1

فردا برای تو انتظار خواهم کشید.

I will wait for you tomorrow.

Future tense using 'khāham'.

2

داشتم انتظار می‌کشیدم که او آمد.

I was waiting when he arrived.

Past continuous tense (dāshtam + mi-keshidam).

3

باید کمی انتظار بکشی.

You must wait a little.

Subjunctive mood after 'bāyad' (must).

4

ما انتظار کشیدیم تا باران قطع شود.

We waited until the rain stopped.

Subordinate clause with 'tā' requiring subjunctive.

5

چرا اینقدر انتظار کشیدی؟

Why did you wait so much?

Using interrogative 'cherā' and adverb 'inqadr'.

6

من دوست ندارم انتظار بکشم.

I don't like to wait.

Verb complement requiring subjunctive 'bekesham'.

7

آنها ساعت‌ها انتظار کشیدند.

They waited for hours.

Using plural time expressions (sā'at-hā).

8

لطفاً اینجا انتظار بکشید.

Please wait here.

Formal imperative/subjunctive for polite requests.

1

اگر نیایی، دیگر انتظار نمی‌کشم.

If you don't come, I won't wait anymore.

First conditional sentence structure.

2

شاید مجبور شوم ساعت‌ها انتظار بکشم.

I might be forced to wait for hours.

Subjunctive after 'shāyad' and 'majboor shavam'.

3

انتظار کشیدن در ترافیک خسته‌کننده است.

Waiting in traffic is exhausting.

Using the infinitive as a noun subject.

4

او آنقدر انتظار کشید که خوابش برد.

He waited so long that he fell asleep.

Result clause using 'ānqadr... ke'.

5

کاش اینقدر انتظار نکشیده بودم.

I wish I hadn't waited so much.

Past perfect subjunctive for expressing regret (kāsh).

6

بدون اینکه انتظار بکشد، رفت.

He left without waiting.

Preposition 'bedoon-e inke' followed by subjunctive.

7

ما در انتظار کشیدن تجربه زیادی داریم.

We have a lot of experience in waiting.

Using the infinitive after a preposition (dar).

8

هرچه بیشتر انتظار بکشی، سخت‌تر می‌شود.

The more you wait, the harder it gets.

Correlative comparative structure (harche...).

1

مردم سال‌ها برای اجرای عدالت انتظار کشیده‌اند.

People have waited years for justice to be served.

Present perfect tense for actions continuing to the present.

2

با وجود اینکه انتظار کشیدن دشوار بود، او تسلیم نشد.

Despite waiting being difficult, he didn't give up.

Concessive clause with 'bā vojood-e inke'.

3

گویی تمام عمرش را در حال انتظار کشیدن بوده است.

It's as if he has been waiting his entire life.

Complex tense expressing continuous state (dar hāl-e...).

4

انتظار کشیدن بیهوده، تنها باعث فرسایش روح می‌شود.

Waiting in vain only causes the erosion of the soul.

Abstract noun phrase as subject.

5

قرار نبود ما برای یک مسئله ساده این‌همه انتظار بکشیم.

We weren't supposed to wait this much for a simple issue.

Using 'qarār nabood' (it wasn't planned/supposed to).

6

او ترجیح داد برود تا اینکه بیهوده انتظار بکشد.

He preferred to leave rather than wait in vain.

Comparative preference structure (tarjih dād... tā inke).

7

بیماران در راهروهای بیمارستان در حال انتظار کشیدن بودند.

Patients were in the process of waiting in the hospital corridors.

Past continuous state using 'dar hāl-e'.

8

هیچ‌کس نمی‌تواند تا ابد برای تغییر انتظار بکشد.

No one can wait forever for change.

Universal negative subject with modal verb (nemitavānad).

1

در وادی عشق، انتظار کشیدن خود نوعی وصال است.

In the valley of love, waiting is itself a kind of union.

Literary and philosophical use of the infinitive.

2

جامعه در التهاب انتظار کشیدن برای نتایج انتخابات به سر می‌برد.

The society is spending its time in the fever of waiting for the election results.

Advanced collocation 'dar eltehāb-e... be sar bordan'.

3

او با صبری ایوب‌وار، سالیان متمادی انتظار کشید.

With Job-like patience, he waited for many consecutive years.

Use of literary adverbs and adjectives (Ayoob-vār, motemādi).

4

رنج انتظار کشیدن، در خطوط چهره‌اش نمایان بود.

The suffering of waiting was evident in the lines of his face.

Genitive construction linking abstract noun to the infinitive.

5

مبادا در این مسیر پرخطر، بیش از حد انتظار بکشی.

Lest you wait too much on this perilous path.

Use of the negative subjunctive conjunction 'mabādā'.

6

انتظار کشیدن برای معجزه‌ای که هرگز رخ نخواهد داد، عبث است.

Waiting for a miracle that will never happen is futile.

Complex relative clause modifying the object of waiting.

7

آنان که طعم انتظار کشیدن را نچشیده‌اند، قدر لحظات را نمی‌دانند.

Those who have not tasted waiting do not appreciate the moments.

Metaphorical use of 'tasting' (cheshidan) with the infinitive.

8

درام داستان بر پایه تعلیق و انتظار کشیدن مخاطب بنا شده است.

The drama of the story is built upon the suspense and waiting of the audience.

Passive construction in an analytical context.

1

مفهوم انتظار کشیدن در ادبیات عرفانی، تجلی‌گاه تصفیه نفس است.

The concept of waiting in mystical literature is the manifestation of the purification of the soul.

Highly academic and theological vocabulary.

2

دیری است که در این سرای سپنج، انتظار می‌کشیم و ثمری نمی‌بینیم.

It has been long that in this transient abode, we wait and see no fruit.

Archaic vocabulary (sarāy-e sepanj) and poetic phrasing.

3

پدیده انتظار کشیدن، به مثابه شمشیری دو لبه، هم امید می‌آفریند و هم جان می‌کاهد.

The phenomenon of waiting, like a double-edged sword, both creates hope and diminishes the soul.

Advanced comparative structures (be masābeh-e).

4

نظام بوروکراتیک، شهروندان را در چنبره بی‌پایان انتظار کشیدن گرفتار می‌سازد.

The bureaucratic system traps citizens in the endless coil of waiting.

Sociological critique using complex metaphors (chanbareh).

5

آیا رسالت انسان مدرن، چیزی جز انتظار کشیدن برای فاجعه‌ای محتوم است؟

Is the mission of modern man anything but waiting for an inevitable catastrophe?

Rhetorical question with philosophical undertones.

6

شاعر، زهر انتظار کشیدن را در جام کلمات می‌ریزد تا اکسیر شعر پدید آید.

The poet pours the poison of waiting into the goblet of words so the elixir of poetry emerges.

Extended poetic metaphor.

7

استراتژی فرسایشی دشمن، مبتنی بر تحمیل هزینه از طریق انتظار کشیدن بود.

The enemy's strategy of attrition was based on imposing costs through waiting.

Military/political analysis terminology.

8

در غیاب یقین، تنها پناهگاه خرد، انتظار کشیدنِ توأم با تأمل است.

In the absence of certainty, the only refuge of reason is waiting coupled with contemplation.

Abstract philosophical proposition.

常见搭配

انتظار طولانی کشیدن
بیهوده انتظار کشیدن
بی‌صبرانه انتظار کشیدن
ساعت‌ها انتظار کشیدن
در صف انتظار کشیدن
پشت در انتظار کشیدن
برای کسی انتظار کشیدن
با نگرانی انتظار کشیدن
در تاریکی انتظار کشیدن
پایان انتظار کشیدن

常用短语

چقدر باید انتظار بکشم؟

دیگر نمی‌توانم انتظار بکشم.

ارزش انتظار کشیدن را داشت.

مرا در انتظار نگذار.

خسته شدم از بس انتظار کشیدم.

در انتظار تو هستم.

بدون انتظار کشیدن رفت.

انتظار می‌رود که...

پایان انتظار

در حال انتظار کشیدن

容易混淆的词

انتظار کشیدن vs صبر کردن (to be patient)

انتظار کشیدن vs منتظر بودن (to be waiting)

انتظار کشیدن vs انتظار داشتن (to expect a behavior)

习语与表达

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

容易混淆

انتظار کشیدن vs انتظار داشتن

انتظار کشیدن vs توقع داشتن

انتظار کشیدن vs صبر کردن

انتظار کشیدن vs معطل شدن

انتظار کشیدن vs توقف کردن

句型

如何使用

note

While 'انتظار کشیدن' is grammatically correct for any waiting scenario, native speakers often use 'منتظر بودن' (to be waiting) or 'صبر کردن' (to wait/be patient) in casual conversation for simplicity. 'انتظار کشیدن' carries a slightly heavier tone of enduring the time.

常见错误
  • Using 'را' (rā) instead of 'برای' (barāye) for the object you are waiting for.
  • Conjugating the noun 'انتظار' instead of the verb 'کشیدن'.
  • Using 'انتظار کشیدن' when giving a command to wait (should use 'صبر کن').
  • Confusing it with 'انتظار داشتن' when talking about expecting a behavior.
  • Placing the negative prefix 'na-' on 'انتظار' instead of 'کشیدن'.

小贴士

Conjugate the Second Part

Always remember that 'انتظار' is a noun and does not change. Apply all prefixes and suffixes to 'کشیدن'.

Use 'Barāye'

When translating 'waiting for', always use 'برای' (barāye). Do not try to translate 'for' literally if it doesn't fit the Persian structure.

Casual Alternatives

In very fast, casual speech, you might hear 'منتظرم' (montazeram - I am waiting) more often than the full compound verb.

Waiting vs. Expecting

If you are talking about behavior (e.g., 'I expect you to study'), use 'انتظار داشتن', not 'انتظار کشیدن'.

Learn the Idioms

To sound native, learn idioms like 'چشم به راه بودن' (eyes on the road) which means the same thing but sounds much more poetic.

Listen to Music

Persian pop and traditional music are full of this word. Listening to songs is a great way to memorize its emotional context.

Spelling

Make sure to spell 'انتظار' with the letter 'ظ' (zā), not 'ز' (ze) or 'ض' (zād).

Subjunctive with 'Tā'

If you wait *until* something happens, the verb after 'تا' (tā) must be in the subjunctive mood.

Ta'arof

If someone kept you waiting, they will apologize profusely. You can reply 'خواهش می‌کنم' (please/you're welcome) to be polite.

Roleplay

Practice by narrating your day. When you are at a red light, say to yourself 'من در ترافیک انتظار می‌کشم'.

记住它

记忆技巧

Imagine PULLING (keshidan) a heavy weight while ENTERING a BAZAAR (entezar) - waiting is a heavy burden.

词源

Arabic + Persian

文化背景

The 'Awaiting' (Entezār-e Faraj) is a core theological concept in Iranian Shia Islam.

Hafez frequently uses the concept of 'entezār' to describe the lover's state.

Saying 'ببخشید که شما را در انتظار گذاشتم' (Sorry I kept you waiting) is a standard polite apology.

在生活中练习

真实语境

对话开场白

"معمولاً وقتی انتظار می‌کشی چه کار می‌کنی؟ (What do you usually do when you wait?)"

"طولانی‌ترین زمانی که برای چیزی انتظار کشیدی چقدر بوده؟ (What is the longest time you've waited for something?)"

"آیا انتظار کشیدن در ترافیک تو را عصبانی می‌کند؟ (Does waiting in traffic make you angry?)"

"ترجیح می‌دهی انتظار بکشی یا دیگران برای تو انتظار بکشند؟ (Do you prefer to wait or have others wait for you?)"

"به نظر تو انتظار کشیدن برای رسیدن به هدف مفید است؟ (Do you think waiting to reach a goal is useful?)"

日记主题

Write about a time you had to wait a very long time for something important.

Describe your feelings when you are waiting for someone who is late.

Write a short story about a character who waits at a train station every day.

Discuss the difference between patience and simply waiting.

How does technology change the way we wait for things?

常见问题

10 个问题

It is grammatically possible but highly unnatural. Native speakers use 'یک لحظه صبر کن' (yek lahzeh sabr kon) for commands. 'انتظار بکش' sounds overly dramatic.

The most common preposition is 'برای' (barāye), meaning 'for'. For example, 'برای اتوبوس انتظار می‌کشم' (I wait for the bus).

It is standard Persian, suitable for both formal writing and everyday speech. However, in very casual slang, people might prefer 'منتظر موندن' (montazer moondan).

Add the negative prefix to the verb 'کشیدن'. In the present tense, it becomes 'انتظار نمی‌کشم' (entezār nemi-kesham).

'انتظار کشیدن' means to wait for time to pass until an event happens. 'انتظار داشتن' means to expect someone to do something or to have a standard.

Yes. You can say 'داشتم انتظار می‌کشیدم' (I was waiting) or 'دارم انتظار می‌کشم' (I am waiting right now).

No, the noun 'انتظار' always remains exactly the same. Only the verb 'کشیدن' changes to show tense and person.

Yes, very frequently. It is a classic trope in Persian literature to describe the lover waiting for the beloved.

You use the conjunction 'تا' (tā) and the subjunctive: 'انتظار کشیدم تا او بیاید' (entezār keshidam tā oo biāyad).

No, that is a common mistake. You should not use the direct object marker 'را' (rā). Say 'من برای تو انتظار کشیدم'.

自我测试 180 个问题

/ 180 correct

Perfect score!

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