C1 Formal Register 10 min read 困难

正式连接词与固定句式 (Fórmulas Fixas)

掌握这些固定表达，让你在正式场合像母语专业人士一样有权威感。你的三个核心工具是：
No que tange a
引出话题， Não obstante 表示转折， Haja vista 提供理由。
标记为已学
开始练习

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Formal connectors elevate your speech by signaling logical relationships and professional tone in academic or business settings.

  • Use 'visto que' or 'dado que' to introduce formal causal relationships instead of 'porque'.
  • Employ 'outrossim' or 'ademais' to add information without repeating 'e' or 'também'.
  • Use 'em virtude de' to replace 'por causa de' in formal reports or emails.
Formal Connector + [Clause] + , + [Main Clause]

Overview

At the C1 level of Portuguese, your command of the language extends beyond basic communication; it demands precision, nuance, and the ability to navigate formal registers with confidence. Fórmulas Fixas (fixed formulas) are multi-word expressions that function as cohesive devices, essential for structuring formal arguments and conveying sophisticated ideas. They are not merely stylistic flourishes but integral grammatical tools that signify an advanced mastery of the language, particularly in academic, professional, and public discourse.
These formulas provide a concise yet formal means to express complex logical relationships such as concession, causation, addition, and contrast. Their existence in Portuguese, as in many Romance languages, stems from a linguistic evolution where certain phrasal structures have become lexicalized – meaning they function as single, unchangeable units, even if composed of multiple words. They act as anchors, lending gravitas and clarity to your communication, allowing you to articulate ideas with the exactitude expected in higher-level contexts.
When employed correctly, fórmulas fixas elevate your expression from merely understandable to unequivocally authoritative.

How This Grammar Works

Fórmulas Fixas operate as immutable linguistic blocks; their core characteristic is that their internal structure is fixed. You cannot alter a preposition, substitute a conjunction, or modify a noun within the formula without either changing its meaning entirely or rendering it grammatically incorrect. This immutability is crucial: they function as single, pre-packaged vocabulary items rather than flexible grammatical constructions.
For instance, a fim de (in order to) is a fixed formula. Changing it to ao fim de changes the meaning to “at the end of,” demonstrating the strict nature of these units. This rigidity is precisely what makes them reliable markers of formality and precision.
Grammatically, fórmulas fixas primarily function as conjunctions, prepositional phrases, or adverbial phrases. They connect clauses, sentences, or ideas, establishing clear logical bridges. Their function is to guide the reader or listener through the argument, signaling relationships such as cause (porquanto), consequence (destarte), contrast (todavia), or topic introduction (no que tange a).
This makes them indispensable for constructing coherent and well-organized formal texts or speeches. They typically appear at the beginning of a clause or sentence they modify, or strategically placed between related clauses to indicate their logical connection.
The impact of fórmulas fixas on the formality of discourse is immediate and significant. Their very presence signals a higher linguistic register, moving the communication away from colloquial or informal styles. By deploying these expressions accurately, you demonstrate not only a broad vocabulary but also a deep understanding of Portuguese syntax and rhetorical conventions.
This linguistic choice reflects a deliberate intent to communicate with precision and respect for the formal context, contributing to a more sophisticated and persuasive argument. They are tools for clarity, not complexity for its own sake.
Examples:
  • A proposta foi rejeitada, não obstante os esforços da equipe. (The proposal was rejected, notwithstanding the team's efforts.) Here, não obstante functions as a concessive conjunction.
  • No que concerne ao relatório financeiro, as projeções são otimistas. (Regarding the financial report, the projections are optimistic.) No que concerne ao introduces a specific topic formally.
  • O projeto atrasou, porquanto houve imprevistos na fase inicial. (The project was delayed, because there were unforeseen events in the initial phase.) Porquanto establishes a formal causal link.

Formation Pattern

1
Mastering fórmulas fixas involves recognizing their fixed nature and understanding their typical structural deployment based on their function. Unlike verb conjugations, these patterns are about correct placement and adherence to the formula's unchangeable components. The most common patterns involve a combination of prepositions, conjunctions, and sometimes pronouns, forming a single conceptual unit. The key is to memorize them as whole expressions.
2
Here are the primary functional categories and their typical formation patterns:
3
1. Concessive Formulas (Although, Despite, Notwithstanding)
4
These introduce an idea that contrasts with or limits the main clause. They often require the subjunctive mood in the subordinate clause.
5
| Formula | Meaning | Structure | Example |
6
| :-------------- | :---------------- | :------------------------------------------------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
7
| Ainda que | Although, even if | Ainda que [Subjunctive Clause], [Main Clause] | Ainda que chova, iremos ao evento. (Even if it rains, we will go to the event.) |
8
| Conquanto | Although (formal) | Conquanto [Subjunctive Clause], [Main Clause] | Conquanto a tarefa fosse árdua, ele a concluiu. (Although the task was arduous, he completed it.) |
9
| Não obstante | Notwithstanding | Não obstante [Noun Phrase/Clause], [Main Clause] | Não obstante o atraso, o projeto foi entregue. (Notwithstanding the delay, the project was delivered.) |
10
| A despeito de | Despite, in spite of | A despeito de [Noun Phrase], [Main Clause] | A despeito das dificuldades, superamos o desafio. (Despite the difficulties, we overcame the challenge.) |
11
2. Causal Formulas (Because, Since, Given that)
12
These introduce the reason or cause for a statement.
13
| Formula | Meaning | Structure | Example |
14
| :---------------- | :------------------------- | :--------------------------------------------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
15
| Porquanto | Because, for (formal) | [Main Clause], porquanto [Clause] | Ele foi elogiado, porquanto apresentou bons resultados. (He was praised, because he presented good results.) |
16
| Visto que | Since, given that | Visto que [Clause], [Main Clause] | Visto que o prazo é curto, devemos acelerar. (Given that the deadline is short, we must accelerate.) |
17
| Haja vista (que) | Considering that, in view of | Haja vista [Noun Phrase/Clause], [Main Clause] | Haja vista os dados apresentados, a decisão é lógica. (Considering the data presented, the decision is logical.) |
18
3. Additive Formulas (Moreover, Furthermore)
19
These introduce additional information or arguments.
20
| Formula | Meaning | Structure | Example |
21
| :----------- | :--------------- | :----------------------------------------------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\
22
| Outrossim | Furthermore, also | [Statement]. Outrossim, [Additional Statement]. | A proposta é viável. Outrossim, é economicamente vantajosa. (The proposal is viable. Furthermore, it is economically advantageous.) |\
23
| Ademais | Moreover, besides | [Statement]. Ademais, [Additional Statement]. | Ele é competente. Ademais, possui vasta experiência. (He is competent. Moreover, he has vast experience.) |
24
| Além disso | Furthermore | [Statement]. Além disso, [Additional Statement]. | O relatório é completo. Além disso, é de fácil leitura. (The report is complete. Furthermore, it is easy to read.) |
25
4. Contrastive Formulas (However, Whereas)
26
These highlight a contrast or opposition between ideas.
27
| Formula | Meaning | Structure | Example |\
28
| :-------------- | :--------------- | :----------------------------------------------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\
29
| Ao passo que | Whereas, while | [Clause A], ao passo que [Clause B] | Ele prefere a teoria, ao passo que ela prioriza a prática. (He prefers theory, whereas she prioritizes practice.) |\
30
| Todavia | However, nevertheless | [Clause A]. Todavia, [Clause B]. | A situação é complexa. Todavia, há esperança de solução. (The situation is complex. However, there is hope for a solution.) |\
31
| Entretanto | However, meanwhile | [Clause A]. Entretanto, [Clause B]. | O estudo avançou. Entretanto, novos desafios surgiram. (The study progressed. Meanwhile, new challenges emerged.) |
32
5. Topic Reference Formulas (Regarding, Concerning)
33
These formally introduce or refer to a specific subject.
34
| Formula | Meaning | Structure | Example |\
35
| :------------------- | :------------------ | :---------------------------------------------------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\
36
| No que tange a | Regarding, concerning | No que tange a [Noun Phrase], [Statement] | No que tange à segurança, novas medidas foram tomadas. (Regarding security, new measures were taken.) |\
37
| No que concerne a | Regarding, concerning | No que concerne a [Noun Phrase], [Statement] | No que concerne ao orçamento, cortes serão necessários. (Regarding the budget, cuts will be necessary.) |\
38
| Relativamente a | Relatively to, regarding | Relativamente a [Noun Phrase], [Statement] | Relativamente à proposta, aguardamos feedback. (Regarding the proposal, we await feedback.) |\
39
| A respeito de | About, concerning | A respeito de [Noun Phrase], [Statement] | A respeito do evento, todos os detalhes foram divulgados. (Regarding the event, all details have been released.) |
40
Crucial Note on Agreement (Preposition + Article): Many topic reference formulas end with the preposition a. When followed by a definite article (o, a, os, as), contraction is mandatory. This means a + o = ao, a + a = à, a + os = aos, a + as = às. Forgetting this is a common C1 error. For example, no que tange a becomes no que tange ao projeto (masculine singular) or no que tange à questão (feminine singular, requiring crase).
41
6. Summarizing Formulas (In summary, Therefore)
42
These introduce a conclusion or summation.
43
| Formula | Meaning | Structure | Example |\
44
| :---------- | :------------- | :------------------------------------------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\
45
| Em suma | In summary | Em suma, [Summary Statement]. | Em suma, a pesquisa aponta para uma nova direção. (In summary, the research points to a new direction.) |\
46
| Em síntese | In synthesis | Em síntese, [Summary Statement]. | Em síntese, os resultados superaram as expectativas. (In synthesis, the results exceeded expectations.) |\
47
| Destarte | Therefore, thus | [Premise]. Destarte, [Conclusion]. | Os dados são claros. Destarte, urge implementar as mudanças. (The data is clear. Therefore, it is urgent to implement the changes.) |

When To Use It

Employing fórmulas fixas effectively is a hallmark of C1 proficiency, marking a clear distinction between functional communication and sophisticated discourse. These expressions are reserved for contexts demanding a high degree of formality, precision, and rhetorical polish. Their strategic use demonstrates not just vocabulary breadth but also an understanding of the implicit social and professional codes governing formal Portuguese communication.
Primary Contexts for Use:
  • Academic Writing: In university essays, research papers, theses, and dissertations, fórmulas fixas are indispensable. They are used to introduce arguments, cite sources formally, transition between complex ideas, and draw conclusions. For example, you might use Haja vista os estudos de Silva (2020), podemos inferir que... (Considering Silva's 2020 studies, we can infer that...) to introduce evidence, or Em síntese, a hipótese foi corroborada pelos dados empíricos. (In synthesis, the hypothesis was corroborated by empirical data.) for a concise conclusion.
  • Professional Communication: Official reports, formal emails to superiors or clients, business proposals, legal documents, and formal presentations heavily rely on these connectors. They help maintain a professional tone, avoid ambiguity, and structure information logically. Consider an email starting with Prezados Senhores, No que concerne à vossa solicitação, cumpre informar que... (Dear Sirs, Regarding your request, it is hereby informed that...) or a report stating Ademais, salienta-se a necessidade de revisão do protocolo. (Moreover, the need to revise the protocol is highlighted.).
  • Public Discourse: Political speeches, official statements, news commentary, and diplomatic exchanges frequently employ fórmulas fixas to convey authority, present arguments clearly, and engage in nuanced debate. A politician might declare, Todavia, o governo permanece firme em seu propósito. (However, the government remains firm in its purpose.) to pivot a discussion.
  • Formal Oral Presentations and Interviews: While less common in everyday spoken Brazilian Portuguese, these formulas are still vital in formal oral contexts, particularly in Portugal, or in highly structured academic and professional presentations in both variants. Using No que tange a esse ponto... can buy you a moment to formulate a response during a tough Q&A.
Ultimately, fórmulas fixas are chosen for their ability to add weight and clarity to your statements. They replace simpler, often more ambiguous connectors, ensuring that your logical connections are explicit and unassailable. This strategic deployment differentiates C1 learners who can not only use the language but master its inherent gravitas and formal nuances.
In Portuguese-speaking cultures, especially in highly structured environments, the correct use of these expressions is often perceived as a sign of intellectual rigor and respect for the interlocutor.

Common Mistakes

Even at the C1 level, learners frequently encounter pitfalls when using fórmulas fixas. These errors typically stem from a misunderstanding of their fixed nature, their appropriate context, or subtle semantic distinctions. Recognizing these patterns is key to refining your formal Portuguese.
**1. Overuse or

Formal Connector Usage

Connector Function Register Example
Outrossim
Addition
Very Formal
Outrossim, o relatório foi lido.
Todavia
Contrast
Formal
Todavia, não houve acordo.
Visto que
Cause
Formal
Visto que é tarde, sairemos.
Ademais
Addition
Formal
Ademais, os custos são baixos.
Contudo
Contrast
Formal
Contudo, a ideia é boa.
Em virtude de
Cause
Very Formal
Em virtude de lei, mudamos.

Meanings

These are specialized linguistic tools used to structure complex arguments and maintain a high register of politeness.

1

Addition

Adding information in a formal way.

“Ademais, os resultados foram positivos.”

“Outrossim, a equipe concluiu a tarefa.”

2

Causality

Explaining reasons formally.

“Visto que o prazo expirou, encerramos o processo.”

“Dado que não houve quórum, a reunião foi adiada.”

3

Contrast

Introducing an opposing idea.

“Todavia, os dados não confirmam a hipótese.”

“Contudo, a decisão foi mantida.”

Reference Table

Reference table for 正式连接词与固定句式 (Fórmulas Fixas)
固定短语 功能 中文对应 常见场景
No que tange a
引导话题
关于 / 至于
正式报告、法律文本
Não obstante
表示转折
尽管 / 虽然
学术写作、辩论
Visto que
表示原因
鉴于 / 因为
职业邮件、解释原因
Ao passo que
表示对比
而 / 与此同时
对比数据或趋势
Haja vista
提供依据
考虑到 / 鉴于
引用例子或理由
A despeito de
表示让步
不管 / 尽管
正式论证
Em última análise
总结陈词
归根结底
演讲或文章结尾
Desta feita
过渡衔接
这一次 / 因此
正式叙述过渡

正式程度

正式
Ademais, os resultados são promissores.

Ademais, os resultados são promissores. (Work report)

中性
Além disso, os resultados são bons.

Além disso, os resultados são bons. (Work report)

非正式
E os resultados são bons.

E os resultados são bons. (Work report)

俚语
E os resultados tão massa.

E os resultados tão massa. (Work report)

固定短语的类型

固定短语

引导话题

  • No que tange a 关于
  • Quanto a 至于

对比转折

  • Não obstante 尽管
  • A despeito de 不管

正式 vs. 非正式连接词

日常 (A2/B1)
Mas 但是
Porque 因为
Sobre 关于
正式 (C1)
Não obstante 尽管
Visto que 鉴于
No que concerne a 涉及

如何选择邮件落款？

1

是发给葡萄牙吗？

YES
Os meus melhores cumprimentos
NO
Atenciosamente (巴西)
2

非常正式吗？

YES
Grato pela atenção
NO ↓

因果关系短语

🎯

直接原因

  • • Visto que
  • • Dado que
  • • Uma vez que
📖

参考 / 举例

  • • Haja vista
  • • Tendo em conta
  • • Em face de
免费注册阅读完整解释

按水平分级的例句

1

Ele é alto e forte.

He is tall and strong.

1

Não tenho dinheiro, mas tenho tempo.

I don't have money, but I have time.

1

Por conseguinte, a decisão foi tomada.

Consequently, the decision was made.

1

Não obstante, o sucesso é possível.

Nevertheless, success is possible.

1

Em razão de sua dedicação, ele venceu.

Due to his dedication, he won.

1

Ainda que tardiamente, ele chegou.

Even though late, he arrived.

容易混淆

Formal Connectors & Fixed Formulas (Fórmulas Fixas) 对比 Ademais vs. Além disso

Both mean 'furthermore', but 'Ademais' is much more formal.

Formal Connectors & Fixed Formulas (Fórmulas Fixas) 对比 Todavia vs. Mas

Both mean 'but', but 'Todavia' is formal.

Formal Connectors & Fixed Formulas (Fórmulas Fixas) 对比 Visto que vs. Porque

Both mean 'because', but 'Visto que' is formal.

常见错误

✗

Eu gosto de café outrossim chá.

✓

Eu gosto de café e de chá.

Outrossim is too formal for simple lists.
✗

Eu vou todavia não quero.

✓

Eu vou, mas não quero.

Todavia requires a comma and formal context.
✗

Visto que eu gosto.

✓

Porque eu gosto.

Visto que is for formal reasoning, not personal preference.
✗

Ademais, oi!

✓

Olá!

Ademais is not a greeting.
✗

Ele é legal contudo ele é chato.

✓

Ele é legal, contudo, é chato.

Punctuation is needed.
✗

Em virtude de eu estar cansado.

✓

Porque estou cansado.

Em virtude de is for nouns, not clauses.
✗

Outrossim, vamos comer.

✓

E vamos comer.

Outrossim is for adding arguments, not actions.
✗

Todavia, eu não sei.

✓

Mas eu não sei.

Todavia is too formal for 'I don't know'.
✗

Visto que o carro, eu comprei.

✓

Visto que o carro era caro, comprei.

Incomplete clause.
✗

Ademais, não gosto.

✓

Além disso, não gosto.

Ademais is for professional contexts.
✗

Não obstante, ele foi.

✓

Não obstante o cansaço, ele foi.

Needs a noun phrase.
✗

Outrossim, a casa é bonita.

✓

Além disso, a casa é bonita.

Outrossim is for abstract arguments.
✗

Dado que, ele chegou.

✓

Dado que ele chegou, começamos.

Needs a full clause.
✗

Em virtude de que choveu.

✓

Em virtude da chuva.

Em virtude de requires a noun.

句型

___, o projeto foi aprovado.

___, os dados não batem.

___, a empresa cresceu.

___, o sucesso é garantido.

Real World Usage

Academic Essay constant

Outrossim, a análise revela...

Business Email very common

Todavia, o prazo é curto.

Job Interview common

Em virtude de minha experiência...

Legal Document constant

Não obstante o contrato...

Presentation common

Ademais, notamos que...

Social Media (Professional) occasional

Contudo, a inovação é necessária.

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⚠️

永远不变的 'Haja Vista'

千万别说 'haja visto' 或 'hajam vistas'。这个短语是个固定块，无论后面接什么，都保持阳性单数：
Haja vista a complexidade do tema, solicitamos mais tempo.
🎯

重音符 (Crase) 陷阱

以 'a' 结尾的短语，如果后面接阴性名词，记得加重音符：
No que tange à nova lei, estamos de acordo.
💬

邮件落款的艺术

在巴西职场， Atenciosamente 是标准配置。 Cordialmente 稍微亲切一点，而 Abraços 只留给关系真的很好的同事。

Smart Tips

Use 'Ademais' to list your points clearly.

And we also have this point. → Ademais, temos este ponto.

Use 'Todavia' instead of 'Mas'.

It is good, but it is expensive. → É bom; todavia, é caro.

Use 'Visto que' for clarity.

Because it is late, we stop. → Visto que é tarde, paramos.

Use 'Por conseguinte'.

So we decided this. → Por conseguinte, decidimos isto.

发音

to-da-VI-a

Stress

Formal connectors often have stress on the penultimate syllable.

Formal Pause

Ademais, [pause] os resultados...

Signals a transition in thought.

记住它

记忆技巧

Remember 'V.A.T.' for Formal Connectors: Visto que (Cause), Ademais (Addition), Todavia (Contrast).

视觉联想

Imagine a professional suit jacket. Each button is a connector: 'Ademais' on top, 'Todavia' in the middle, 'Visto que' at the bottom.

Rhyme

Para ser formal e elegante, use 'outrossim' num instante.

Story

João wanted to impress his boss. He wrote a report using 'Ademais' to add points. He used 'Todavia' to show a risk. Finally, he used 'Visto que' to explain the cause. He got the promotion.

Word Web

OutrossimAdemaisTodaviaContudoVisto queEm virtude de

挑战

Write three sentences about your day using one formal connector in each.

文化笔记

In Brazil, using these in casual settings can sound ironic or pretentious.

Portugal tends to use these more frequently in standard professional writing.

These are mandatory in academic papers to maintain neutrality.

Most of these come from Latin roots, evolving through Old Portuguese into their current formal state.

对话开场白

“

Como você avalia o projeto? (Use 'Ademais')

“

Por que a reunião foi cancelada? (Use 'Visto que')

“

Você concorda com a decisão? (Use 'Todavia')

“

Qual sua opinião sobre o mercado? (Use 'Outrossim')

日记主题

Write about a professional challenge you faced.
Describe a project you are working on.
Argue for or against remote work.
Reflect on a recent business failure.

常见错误

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

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Test Yourself

在空格处填入正确的介词缩合形式。

No que tange ___ (the) novos protocolos, todos devem ser informados.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: aos
短语 'no que tange a' 需要介词 'a'，它与阳性复数冠词 'os' 缩合为 'aos'。
哪句话正确使用了正式的转折连接词？ 多项选择

选择最适合学术论文的句子：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: O estudo foi inconclusivo; não obstante, oferece dados valiosos.
'Não obstante' 是学术语境中表示转折的高级连接词。
找出并修正这个因果短语中的错误。 Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Haja visto a falta de verbas, o projeto foi pausado.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Haja vista a falta de verbas, o projeto foi pausado.
固定短语 'haja vista' 是不可变的。在这个特定表达中永远不要用 'visto'。

Score: /3

练习题

8 exercises
Fill in the blank with the correct formal connector.

___, o projeto foi um sucesso.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ademais
Ademais is the formal connector for addition.
Choose the most formal option. 多项选择

Which is the most formal?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Visto que
Visto que is the most formal causal connector.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Todavia eu não sei.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Todavia, eu não sei.
Needs a comma after the connector.
Make this sentence formal. Sentence Transformation

Eu estou cansado, mas vou trabalhar.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Estou cansado; todavia, vou trabalhar.
Todavia is a formal contrast connector.
Match the connector to its function. Match Pairs

Match: 1. Ademais, 2. Todavia, 3. Visto que

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 1-Addition, 2-Contrast, 3-Cause
Correct mapping of functions.
Is this true? True False Rule

Can you use 'Outrossim' in a text to a friend?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
It is too formal for friends.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

Boss: 'The budget is tight.' Employee: '___, we can optimize costs.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ademais
Adding a positive suggestion.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

Order: [o plano / aprovado / foi / Outrossim / .]

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Outrossim, o plano foi aprovado.
Correct word order.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
重新排列单词，组成一个正式的引导句。 Sentence Reorder

concerne / No / à / que / novas / economia / medidas / as / são / essenciais

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: No que concerne à economia, as novas medidas são essenciais
将这个正式句子翻译成葡萄牙语。 翻译

In the final analysis, the project is viable.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Em última análise, o projeto é viável.
选择正确的连接词来表示转折。 填空

A proposta foi aceita; ___, alguns ajustes são necessários.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: não obstante
将短语与其功能匹配。 Match Pairs

匹配各项功能：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: No que tange a:Introduction, Em suma:Conclusion, Visto que:Cause, Ao passo que:Contrast/Comparison
哪种落款最适合巴西的正式商务邮件？ 多项选择

专业地结束你的邮件：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Atenciosamente,
修正介词错误。 Error Correction

Em conformidade ao regulamento, as taxas foram pagas.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Em conformidade com o regulamento, as taxas foram pagas.
重新排列单词，组成一个让步句。 Sentence Reorder

da / A / crise / despeito / empresa / cresceu / a

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: A despeito da crise, a empresa cresceu
翻译 '鉴于我们没有资源...' 翻译

Given that we have no resources, we will cancel the event.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ambas estão corretas.
哪个短语的意思是 '可以说' 或 '某种程度上说'？ 多项选择

Ele é o 'cérebro', ___.平衡

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: por assim dizer
完成用于对比的固定短语。 填空

O lucro dobrou, ao ___ que os custos caíram.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: passo

Score: /10

常见问题 (8)

Use it in professional writing when you want to add a point to your argument.

They have the same function (contrast), but 'Todavia' is formal and 'Mas' is neutral.

It is not recommended as it sounds unnatural.

Because they are introductory elements that set the tone for the sentence.

'Não obstante' and 'Porquanto' are very high-register.

Yes, but they are more common in formal writing in both countries.

Yes, it is a standard way to introduce a reason.

Try writing formal emails or summaries of news articles.

Scaffolded Practice

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2

2

3

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Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

Spanish high

Sin embargo, además, debido a

Spanish 'todavía' means 'still', while Portuguese 'todavia' means 'however'.

French high

Cependant, en outre, étant donné que

French uses 'étant donné que' where Portuguese uses 'visto que'.

German moderate

Dennoch, ausserdem, da

German syntax changes after the connector.

Japanese low

Shikashi, sarani, ~no tame

Japanese connectors are often integrated into the verb phrase.

Arabic moderate

Ma'a dhalik, idhan, bi-sabab

Arabic connectors are often prefixed to the sentence.

Chinese low

Ran'er, lingwai, yinwei

Chinese lacks the distinction between formal and neutral connectors.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
正式连接词：Haja vista, Outrossim 等
Next
正式的“尽管” (Conquanto)

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