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B2 noun 9分钟阅读

استخراج

estekhraj
开始练习 例句 笔记与提示 استخراج 30秒了解
解析 استخراج in your Level:
At the A1 level, 'استخراج' (estekhrāj) is quite an advanced word. You don't need to use it in your daily life yet. However, you might see it on signs or in very simple news headlines. Think of it as 'taking something out' in a very important way. For now, just remember that it is often used for 'oil' (naft) and 'gold' (talā). If you see 'استخراج نفت' on a poster, it just means 'getting oil out of the ground.' At this stage, you should focus on the simpler verb 'درآوردن' (dar-āvordan) for taking things out of your pocket or bag. Don't worry about the grammar of this word yet, just recognize its shape and its connection to resources.
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By A2, you are starting to learn more about the world around you in Persian. You might hear 'استخراج' when people talk about Iran's history or economy. It is a noun. You can think of it as 'Extraction.' For example, 'استخراج نمک' means 'salt extraction.' You might see this in a simple science book or a travel guide about famous mines in Iran. You should know that it is a formal word. If you use it, you will sound like you are talking about a serious topic. A good sentence to learn is: 'آن‌ها از زمین طلا استخراج می‌کنند' (They extract gold from the earth). Notice how it is used with 'kardan' to make it an action.
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At the B1 level, you should be able to use 'استخراج' in specific contexts like business or technology. You are moving beyond simple physical actions. You can use it to describe 'Data Mining' (استخراج داده‌ها) which is a very common topic today. You should also understand the 'ezafe' construction: 'هزینه استخراج' (the cost of extraction). At this level, you should start to distinguish between 'estekhrāj' (getting a resource) and 'ekhrāj' (firing someone). If you are writing a short essay about the environment or the economy, this word is essential. It shows you have a vocabulary that reaches into professional fields.
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At B2, you are expected to use 'استخراج' with precision and in a variety of contexts. You should be comfortable using it in its verbal form (استخراج کردن), its passive form (استخراج شدن), and as a noun in complex phrases. You should understand its use in chemistry (extracting a substance), computer science (extracting information), and industry (mining). You should also be aware of its register—it is a formal word used in journalism, academia, and business. You can use it to talk about 'extracting the main idea' from a book or 'extracting minerals' from a mountain. Your sentences should be more complex, such as: 'به دلیل تحریم‌ها، تکنولوژی لازم برای استخراج نفت محدود شده است' (Due to sanctions, the technology required for oil extraction has become limited).
At the C1 level, you should have a nuanced understanding of 'استخراج' and its synonyms. You should be able to discuss the philosophical or literary 'extraction' of meaning from texts. You can use it to describe the subtle process of 'استخراج مفاهیم' (extracting concepts) from a complex discourse. You should also be familiar with related words like 'استحصال' and know when to use one over the other based on the specific industry or historical context. Your usage should reflect an understanding of the word's Arabic roots and how that influences its formal tone. You might use it in a sentence like: 'نویسنده با ظرافت تمام، دردهای جامعه را از لایه‌های پنهان تاریخ استخراج کرده است' (The author has, with total subtlety, extracted the pains of society from the hidden layers of history).
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At the C2 level, you possess a native-like command of 'استخراج.' You can use it metaphorically, technically, and colloquially (though it remains a formal word). You understand its role in legal documents, high-level scientific research, and classical literary criticism. You can debate the economic implications of 'استخراج بی‌رویه' (excessive/unregulated extraction) of natural resources or the ethical concerns of 'استخراج اطلاعات شخصی' (extracting personal information) in the digital age. You can effortlessly switch between 'estekhrāj,' 'istimbāt,' and 'istihsāl' to convey exact shades of meaning. Your mastery includes knowing the word's place in the broader 'kh-r-j' family and how it contrasts with other tenth-form masdars in Persian.
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开始练习 例句 笔记与提示

استخراج 30秒了解

  • A formal noun meaning 'extraction' or 'mining'.
  • Used for natural resources like oil, gas, and gold.
  • Common in tech for 'Data Mining' and 'Crypto Mining'.
  • Involves a systematic process of removal or derivation.

The Persian word استخراج (pronounced 'estekhrāj') is a sophisticated noun derived from the Arabic root 'kh-r-j' (خ-ر-ج), which fundamentally relates to the act of exiting or coming out. In the tenth form of Arabic verbal conjugation (istaf'ala), it takes on the meaning of 'seeking to bring something out' or 'extracting.' In modern Persian, it serves as the primary term for the physical, digital, or intellectual process of obtaining a specific substance, piece of information, or value from a larger, more complex source. Whether you are discussing the vast oil fields of Khuzestan or the intricate world of big data, estekhrāj is the indispensable term for that process of removal and refinement.

Industrial Context
In Iran's economy, this word is most frequently associated with the petroleum and mining sectors. It refers to the technical process of bringing minerals, ores, or hydrocarbons to the surface. For example, 'استخراج نفت' (oil extraction) is a phrase heard daily in economic news.
Digital and Technological Context
In the age of information technology, estekhrāj has been adopted to describe 'Data Mining' (استخراج داده‌ها) and the mining of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin (استخراج بیت‌کوین). It implies the use of computational power to derive value from raw data or cryptographic puzzles.
Academic and Literary Context
Scholars use this word to describe the process of deriving themes, meanings, or specific quotes from a text. If a researcher 'extracts' a particular theory from a complex philosophical treatise, they are performing estekhrāj. It suggests a methodical and deliberate effort to isolate specific elements from a dense whole.

مهندسان در حال استخراج سنگ آهن از این معدن بزرگ هستند.

Translation: Engineers are currently extracting iron ore from this large mine.

Furthermore, the word is used in chemistry and pharmacology to describe the process of separating a particular component from a mixture using a solvent. This versatility makes it a B2-level word because it requires the speaker to understand its application across disparate fields—from the dirt of a coal mine to the clean rooms of a laboratory and the abstract servers of a data center. When using estekhrāj, you are signaling a focus on the *process* of acquisition rather than just the end result. It is the 'how' of getting something out.

برای استخراج نتایج دقیق، باید تمام متغیرها را کنترل کنیم.

Translation: To extract accurate results, we must control all variables.

In summary, estekhrāj is a formal, high-utility noun. It is rarely used in casual conversation about simple things (like taking a toy out of a box—for that, you'd use 'birun āvordan'). Instead, save it for contexts involving effort, technology, science, or systematic analysis. It conveys a sense of professionalism and precision that simpler verbs lack.

Using استخراج correctly requires understanding its role as a verbal noun (masdar). It is frequently paired with the light verb 'kardan' (to do) to form the compound verb 'استخراج کردن' (to extract). However, as a standalone noun, it often appears in 'ezafe' constructions, where it is linked to the object being extracted.

As a Compound Verb (استخراج کردن)
This is the most common way to express the action. 'ما نفت را استخراج کردیم' (We extracted the oil). In formal writing, the passive form 'استخراج شدن' (to be extracted) is also very frequent: 'طلا از سنگ معدن استخراج می‌شود' (Gold is extracted from the ore).
In Ezafe Constructions (Noun + e + Noun)
When you want to talk about the *concept* or *cost* of extraction, you link it directly. For example, 'هزینه استخراج' (the cost of extraction) or 'روش‌های استخراج' (extraction methods). Notice how the 'e' sound (kasra) connects 'estekhrāj' to the following word.

این نرم‌افزار برای استخراج خودکار داده‌ها طراحی شده است.

Translation: This software is designed for the automatic extraction of data.

In technical reports, you will often see it used with prepositions like 'از' (from). 'استخراج ماده شیمیایی از گیاه' (Extraction of the chemical substance from the plant). It is also common in the plural form, 'استخراج‌ها', when referring to multiple instances or types of extraction, though this is less common than the singular collective use.

When writing at a B2 level, you should attempt to use estekhrāj in complex sentences involving purpose or result clauses. For example: 'دولت در حال بررسی راهکارهای جدیدی برای تسهیل استخراج گاز در پارس جنوبی است' (The government is investigating new solutions to facilitate gas extraction in South Pars). This shows a command of both the vocabulary and the formal syntax required for professional Persian.

آیا می‌دانید چگونه می‌توان عطر را از گل‌ها استخراج کرد؟

Translation: Do you know how one can extract perfume from flowers?

In everyday life in Iran, you might not use estekhrāj to ask someone to take the milk out of the fridge, but you will encounter it constantly in the media and professional environments. Iran's status as a resource-rich nation means that 'estekhrāj' is a buzzword in national discourse.

On the News (Economic Segment)
News anchors frequently report on 'میزان استخراج روزانه نفت' (the daily rate of oil extraction). During OPEC meetings or national budget discussions, this word is central to the conversation about Iran's GDP and economic health.
In Tech Communities
With the rise of cryptocurrency in Iran, young Iranians often talk about 'استخراج رمزارز' (cryptocurrency mining). You'll hear it in cafes where tech-savvy youth discuss the electricity costs of mining or the latest ASIC hardware.
In University Lectures
Professors in engineering, computer science, and even sociology use the term. A sociology professor might talk about 'استخراج الگوهای رفتاری' (extracting behavioral patterns) from survey data. It signals a systematic, academic approach to gathering information.

اخبار اعلام کرد که استخراج طلا در معادن شرق کشور افزایش یافته است.

Translation: The news announced that gold extraction in the eastern mines of the country has increased.

You will also see this word on the labels of essential oils or herbal medicines. If you buy a bottle of rosewater (golāb) or mint extract in a traditional bazaar, the label might describe the 'روش استخراج' (extraction method), such as steam distillation. This shows the word's transition from heavy industry to traditional crafts.

Finally, in the legal and administrative world, estekhrāj is used when referring to pulling specific files or records from an archive. If you need a specific document from a government database, the clerk might talk about the 'استخراج پرونده' (extraction of the file). In all these cases, the common thread is the movement from a 'hidden' or 'mass' state to a 'visible' or 'isolated' state.

While estekhrāj is a powerful word, it is easy for learners to misapply it. Because English uses the word 'extract' in many ways, Persian learners often over-extend estekhrāj to situations where native speakers would use a different term.

Mistake 1: Confusing with 'Ekhrāj' (Expulsion)
As mentioned before, 'اخراج' (ekhrāj) means to fire or expel. I once heard a student say 'او از شرکت استخراج شد' (He was extracted from the company) when they meant he was fired. This sounds like he was a mineral being mined from the building! Use 'اخراج' for people being removed from jobs or schools.
Mistake 2: Using it for Simple Physical Actions
Don't use estekhrāj for taking your phone out of your pocket. That is 'درآوردن' (dar-āvordan). Estekhrāj implies a process, a methodology, or a transformation. If you use it for simple tasks, you sound overly robotic or like you're trying too hard to be formal.
Mistake 3: Confusing with 'Estembāt' (Inference)
In academic writing, 'استنباط' (estembāt) is for logical inference, while estekhrāj is for pulling out literal data or quotes. If you are 'concluding' something from a text, use estembāt. If you are 'copying a quote' out of a text for a report, use estekhrāj.

❌ اشتباه: من کلید را از جیبم استخراج کردم.

✅ درست: من کلید را از جیبم درآوردم.

Another nuance is the difference between estekhrāj and bahre-bardāri (exploitation/harvesting). In mining, estekhrāj is the physical act of digging it out, while bahre-bardāri is the wider economic operation of running the mine. If you are talking about the business success of a project, bahre-bardāri might be the better word.

To truly master Persian at a B2 level, you need to know when to swap estekhrāj for a more precise synonym. Persian is rich in vocabulary that distinguishes between different types of 'taking out' or 'deriving.'

استخراج vs. بیرون کشیدن (Birun Keshidan)
Birun Keshidan literally means 'to pull out.' It is more physical and less technical. You might 'pull out' a nail from a wall. You 'extract' (estekhrāj) oil from the earth. Use the former for physical force and the latter for industrial processes.
استخراج vs. استنباط (Estembāt)
Estembāt is for logic and law. A judge 'infers' a ruling from the law. A scientist 'extracts' (estekhrāj) a sample. Use estembāt for thoughts and estekhrāj for tangible items or raw data.
استخراج vs. استحصال (Estehsāl)
Estehsāl is a very formal term often used for 'obtaining' or 'production' in agriculture or traditional industries (like salt from the sea). It is almost a direct synonym for industrial extraction but feels slightly more archaic or specialized in certain fields like water management.
WordBest For...Vibe
استخراجOil, Mining, Data, ChemistryTechnical/Formal
درآوردنKeys, clothes, simple objectsEveryday/Casual
برداشتHarvesting crops, bank withdrawalsFunctional

If you are writing a poem or a high-literary essay, you might use 'فراهم آوردن' (farāham āvordan - to bring forth/provide) or 'برکشیدن' (barkeshidan - to draw up/elevate), but for 95% of professional and academic needs regarding 'extraction,' estekhrāj remains your best bet. It strikes the perfect balance between being understood by everyone and sounding educated.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The root 'kh-r-j' is one of the most productive in Persian, giving us words for 'exit' (khoruj), 'foreigner' (khareji), 'expenses' (kharj), and even 'denominator' in math (makhraj).

发音指南

UK /es.tekh.rɒːdʒ/
US /es.tek.rɑːdʒ/
The stress is typically on the final syllable: es-tek-hrĀJ.
押韵词
اخراج (ekhrāj) احتیاج (ehtiyāj) تاراج (tārāj) حراج (harāj) رواج (ravāj) امواج (amvāj) معراج (me'rāj) مزاج (mazāj)
常见错误
  • Pronouncing 'kh' as a simple 'k'. It must be the guttural sound like in 'Bach'.
  • Confusing it with 'estefraagh' (vomit).
  • Putting the stress on the first syllable.
  • Swallowing the 'j' sound at the end.
  • Mixing up the 'st' cluster sounds.

难度评级

阅读 4/5

Easy to recognize in technical texts, but requires understanding of Arabic roots.

写作 7/5

Requires correct spelling of 'kh' and 'j' and proper use of ezafe.

口语 6/5

The 'kh' and 'j' sounds can be tricky for English speakers to flow through.

听力 5/5

Distinctive sound, but can be confused with 'ekhraj' or 'estefraagh'.

接下来学什么

前置知识

خارج (outside) معدن (mine) نفت (oil) کردن (to do) از (from)

接下来学习

اکتشاف (exploration) پالایش (refining) فرآوری (processing) بهره‌برداری (exploitation) صنعت (industry)

高级

استحصال (production/obtaining) استنباط (inference) استنتاج (deduction) تکوین (genesis/formation) تجزیه (analysis/decomposition)

需要掌握的语法

Compound Verbs with 'Kardan'

استخراج + کردن = استخراج کردن (To extract)

Ezafe Construction for Possession/Relation

هزینه‌یِ استخراج (The cost of extraction)

Passive Voice with 'Shodan'

نفت استخراج شد (Oil was extracted)

Subjunctive Mood for Necessity

باید داده‌ها را استخراج کنیم (We must extract the data)

Noun to Adjective with '-i'

استخراج + ی = استخراجی (Extractive)

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按水平分级的例句

1

استخراج نفت مهم است.

Oil extraction is important.

Simple subject-predicate sentence.

2

آن‌ها طلا استخراج می‌کنند.

They extract gold.

Subject + Object + Verb.

3

این یک معدن استخراج نمک است.

This is a salt extraction mine.

Using 'estekhraj' as part of a noun phrase.

4

استخراج آب از چاه.

Extracting water from a well.

Noun + noun (ezafe).

5

او به استخراج سنگ علاقه دارد.

He is interested in stone extraction.

Preposition 'be' + noun.

6

ماشین برای استخراج کار می‌کند.

The machine works for extraction.

Simple present tense.

7

استخراج در ایران زیاد است.

Extraction is a lot (common) in Iran.

Adjective 'ziyad' following the noun.

8

ما به استخراج نیاز داریم.

We need extraction.

Verb 'niyaz dashtan' with 'be'.

1

روش استخراج این معدن قدیمی است.

The extraction method of this mine is old.

Compound noun phrase with ezafe.

2

او درباره استخراج اطلاعات سوال کرد.

He asked about information extraction.

Preposition 'darbareh' (about).

3

آیا استخراج طلا سخت است؟

Is gold extraction hard?

Question form.

4

ما باید نفت بیشتری استخراج کنیم.

We must extract more oil.

Modal 'bayad' + subjunctive verb.

5

استخراج گاز در زمستان سخت‌تر است.

Gas extraction is harder in winter.

Comparative adjective 'sakhtar'.

6

آن‌ها از این گیاه دارو استخراج کردند.

They extracted medicine from this plant.

Past tense 'kardand'.

7

هزینه استخراج بسیار بالاست.

The cost of extraction is very high.

Subject with ezafe.

8

کارگران در بخش استخراج کار می‌کنند.

Workers work in the extraction department.

Prepositional phrase 'dar bakhsh-e'.

1

استخراج داده‌ها به ما در تصمیم‌گیری کمک می‌کند.

Data extraction helps us in decision-making.

Complex subject with ezafe.

2

شرکت‌های بزرگ به دنبال استخراج معادن جدید هستند.

Large companies are looking for the extraction of new mines.

Present continuous tense 'hastand'.

3

تکنولوژی‌های جدید استخراج را آسان‌تر کرده‌اند.

New technologies have made extraction easier.

Present perfect tense.

4

او مقاله‌ای درباره استخراج بیت‌کوین نوشت.

He wrote an article about Bitcoin mining.

Object with indefinite 'i'.

5

باید از این متن، نکات مهم را استخراج کنی.

You must extract the important points from this text.

Subjunctive mood after 'bayad'.

6

استخراج بی‌رویه باعث آسیب به محیط زیست می‌شود.

Excessive extraction causes damage to the environment.

Compound subject with adjective.

7

آیا می‌دانید استخراج آهن چگونه انجام می‌شود؟

Do you know how iron extraction is done?

Passive construction 'anjam mishavad'.

8

او در زمینه استخراج مواد شیمیایی تخصص دارد.

He has expertise in the field of chemical extraction.

Phrase 'dar zamine-ye' (in the field of).

1

استخراج نفت از میادین مشترک اولویت دولت است.

Extracting oil from shared fields is the government's priority.

Complex sentence with multiple ezafes.

2

ما نیاز به الگوریتم‌های دقیق‌تری برای استخراج اطلاعات داریم.

We need more accurate algorithms for information extraction.

Comparative adjective with plural noun.

3

فرآیند استخراج مس بسیار پیچیده و زمان‌بر است.

The process of copper extraction is very complex and time-consuming.

Compound adjectives 'pichideh va zaman-bar'.

4

دانشمندان در حال استخراج دی‌ان‌ای از فسیل‌ها هستند.

Scientists are extracting DNA from fossils.

Present progressive tense.

5

استخراج مفاهیم کلیدی از این سخنرانی دشوار بود.

Extracting key concepts from this speech was difficult.

Gerund-like use of the noun as a subject.

6

آن‌ها روش‌های سنتی استخراج را با روش‌های مدرن جایگزین کردند.

They replaced traditional extraction methods with modern ones.

Compound verb 'jaygozin kardan'.

7

این دستگاه برای استخراج گرد و غبار از هوا ساخته شده است.

This device is made for extracting dust from the air.

Passive voice 'sakhteh shodeh ast'.

8

استخراج منابع طبیعی باید با رعایت استانداردهای جهانی باشد.

Natural resource extraction must comply with global standards.

Formal structure with 'bayad bashad'.

1

استخراج معانی ثانویه از اشعار حافظ نیازمند دانش عمیق است.

Extracting secondary meanings from Hafez's poems requires deep knowledge.

Abstract usage of 'estekhraj'.

2

چالش‌های حقوقی در زمینه استخراج معادن در آب‌های بین‌المللی وجود دارد.

There are legal challenges regarding mining in international waters.

Complex prepositional phrases.

3

او توانست با استفاده از روش‌های آماری، الگوهای پنهان را استخراج کند.

He was able to extract hidden patterns using statistical methods.

Past ability 'tavanest' + subjunctive.

4

استخراج بی‌رویه آب‌های زیرزمینی منجر به فرونشست زمین شده است.

Excessive extraction of groundwater has led to land subsidence.

Cause and effect structure with 'monjar be'.

5

در این پایان‌نامه، مدل جدیدی برای استخراج ویژگی‌های تصویر ارائه شده است.

In this thesis, a new model for image feature extraction is presented.

Academic passive voice.

6

استخراج عصاره گیاهان دارویی به روش تقطیر انجام می‌پذیرد.

The extraction of medicinal plant essences is carried out via distillation.

Formal verb 'anjam mipazirad'.

7

سرمایه‌گذاران خارجی به دنبال تضمین امنیت برای استخراج طلا هستند.

Foreign investors are seeking security guarantees for gold extraction.

Complex noun phrase as an object.

8

تحلیل‌گران در حال استخراج پیامدهای سیاسی این توافق‌نامه هستند.

Analysts are extracting the political implications of this agreement.

Metaphorical usage in political science.

1

استخراج دیالکتیک مفاهیم از متون کلاسیک، وظیفه هر هرمنوتیست است.

The dialectic extraction of concepts from classical texts is the duty of every hermeneuticist.

Highly academic/philosophical vocabulary.

2

پروتکل‌های امنیتی برای جلوگیری از استخراج غیرمجاز داده‌های دولتی تدوین شد.

Security protocols were drafted to prevent the unauthorized extraction of government data.

Formal passive 'tadvin shod'.

3

استخراج حداکثری از مخازن نفتی نیازمند تکنولوژی‌های ازدیاد برداشت است.

Maximum extraction from oil reservoirs requires enhanced recovery technologies.

Technical terminology 'azdiyad-e bardasht'.

4

او به نقد روش‌شناسی‌های استخراج حقیقت در فلسفه پست‌مدرن پرداخت.

He addressed the critique of truth-extraction methodologies in postmodern philosophy.

Formal verb 'be ... pardakht'.

5

استخراج رانت از منابع طبیعی، یکی از معضلات ساختار اقتصادی است.

Rent-seeking (extraction of rent) from natural resources is one of the problems of the economic structure.

Economic terminology 'estekhraj-e rant'.

6

فرآیند استخراج اورانیوم تحت نظارت دقیق آژانس بین‌المللی انرژی اتمی است.

The uranium extraction process is under the strict supervision of the IAEA.

Complex institutional subject.

7

استخراج ظرافت‌های زبانی از متون کهن، لذتی وصف‌ناپذیر دارد.

Extracting linguistic subtleties from ancient texts offers an indescribable pleasure.

Literary/Aesthetic usage.

8

سیاست‌های کلان کشور بر محور استخراج پایدار از منابع زیستی استوار است.

The country's macro policies are based on the sustainable extraction of biological resources.

Formal phrase 'bar mehvar-e ... ostovar ast'.

常见搭配

استخراج نفت
استخراج داده‌ها
استخراج طلا
هزینه استخراج
روش استخراج
استخراج رمزارز
مجوز استخراج
استخراج عصاره
میزان استخراج
تکنولوژی استخراج

常用短语

استخراج کردن

— The verb form: to extract or to mine.

آن‌ها سنگ آهن را استخراج می‌کنند.

واحد استخراج

— Extraction unit (in a factory or company).

او در واحد استخراج کار می‌کند.

عملیات استخراج

— Extraction operations.

عملیات استخراج متوقف شد.

استخراج غیرقانونی

— Illegal mining or extraction.

پلیس با استخراج غیرقانونی برخورد کرد.

حق استخراج

— Mining rights or extraction rights.

دولت حق استخراج را به شرکت داد.

استخراج عمیق

— Deep mining/extraction.

استخراج عمیق خطرات زیادی دارد.

استخراج دستی

— Manual extraction.

در گذشته استخراج دستی رایج بود.

استخراج خودکار

— Automatic extraction.

استخراج خودکار داده‌ها سریع‌تر است.

قابلیت استخراج

— Extractability.

قابلیت استخراج این معدن کم است.

استخراج مستقیم

— Direct extraction.

استخراج مستقیم از منبع.

容易混淆的词

استخراج vs اخراج (ekhrāj)

Means 'expulsion' or 'firing'. Sounds similar but lacks the 'st'.

استخراج vs استفراغ (estefrāgh)

Means 'vomiting'. Phonetically dangerous for beginners.

استخراج vs استخدام (estekhdām)

Means 'employment'. Shares the 'est' prefix.

习语与表达

"از آب کره گرفتن"

— To extract butter from water. Used to describe someone who is extremely clever at getting profit from impossible situations.

او آنقدر زرنگ است که از آب کره می‌گیرد.

Informal/Idiomatic
"حرف از دهان کسی کشیدن"

— To extract words from someone's mouth (to make them reveal a secret).

بالاخره حرف را از دهانش استخراج کردم.

Colloquial
"شیره چیزی را کشیدن"

— To extract the juice of something. To exhaust or use up something completely.

او شیره ماشین را کشیده است.

Slang
"مغز کسی را خوردن"

— To eat someone's brain (to annoy them with constant talking, often to extract information).

آنقدر حرف زد که مغزم را خورد تا آدرس را استخراج کند.

Slang
"از زیر زبان کسی حرف کشیدن"

— To pull words from under someone's tongue (to extract a secret).

باید از زیر زبانش حقیقت را استخراج کنیم.

Colloquial
"گنج از ویرانه استخراج کردن"

— To extract treasure from ruins (finding value in failure).

او از این شکست، یک تجربه بزرگ استخراج کرد.

Literary
"دندان طمع کشیدن"

— To pull the tooth of greed (to stop wanting something).

او بالاخره دندان طمع استخراج سود بیشتر را کشید.

Literary
"مو را از ماست کشیدن"

— To pull a hair out of yogurt (to be extremely meticulous in extracting errors or details).

او در استخراج خطاها، مو را از ماست می‌کشد.

Idiomatic
"آب در هاون کوبیدن"

— To pound water in a mortar (futile effort, often compared to useless extraction).

استخراج اطلاعات از این فایل قدیمی، مثل آب در هاون کوبیدن است.

Idiomatic
"گاو پیشانی سفید"

— A white-forehead cow (someone very famous/obvious, used when something is easily extracted/identified).

این خطا در کد، مثل گاو پیشانی سفید است و راحت استخراج می‌شود.

Idiomatic

容易混淆

استخراج vs برداشت

Both can mean taking something out.

Bardasht is for harvesting crops or bank withdrawals; estekhraj is for industrial/technical extraction.

برداشت پول از بانک vs استخراج طلا از معدن.

استخراج vs اکتشاف

Related to mining.

Ekteshaf is exploration (finding the resource); estekhraj is the actual removal.

اول اکتشاف، بعد استخراج.

استخراج vs پالایش

Related to oil.

Palayesh is refining (cleaning); estekhraj is getting it out of the ground.

نفت پس از استخراج به پالایشگاه می‌رود.

استخراج vs خروج

Same root.

Khoruj is the act of exiting (intransitive); estekhraj is the act of pulling something out (transitive/process).

خروج از اتاق vs استخراج داده.

استخراج vs تولید

Often used together.

Tolid is production/creation; estekhraj is specific to pulling from a source.

تولید برق از طریق استخراج زغال‌سنگ.

句型

A2

[Noun] + استخراج کردن

آن‌ها طلا استخراج می‌کنند.

B1

برای + استخراج + [Noun]

برای استخراج اطلاعات به زمان نیاز داریم.

B2

فرآیند + استخراج + [Noun] + [Adjective] + است

فرآیند استخراج مس بسیار دشوار است.

C1

استخراجِ [Abstract Noun] + از + [Source]

استخراج معانی عمیق از این کتاب ممکن است.

C2

با تکیه بر + [Method] + به + استخراج + [Noun] + پرداخت

او با تکیه بر آمار به استخراج نتایج پرداخت.

B2

میزان + استخراج + [Noun] + افزایش/کاهش + یافت

میزان استخراج نفت افزایش یافت.

B1

در حال + استخراج + [Noun] + بودن

آن‌ها در حال استخراج گاز هستند.

A2

استخراج + [Noun] + سخت/آسان + است

استخراج سنگ سخت است.

词族

名词

مستخرج (mostakhrej - extractor/the person)
استخراج‌گر (estekhraj-gar - extractor machine/person)
خروج (khoruj - exit)
مخرج (makhraj - denominator/outlet)

动词

استخراج کردن (estekhraj kardan - to extract)
خارج شدن (kharej shodan - to exit)
خارج کردن (kharej kardan - to take out)

形容词

استخراجی (estekhraji - extractive)
خارجی (khareji - foreign/external)
قابل استخراج (ghabel-e estekhraj - extractable)

相关

معدن (ma'dan - mine)
نفت (naft - oil)
داده (dadeh - data)
پالایش (palayesh - refining)
اکتشاف (ekteshaf - exploration)
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如何使用

frequency

Highly frequent in news, business, and technical literature.

常见错误
  • Using 'ekhraj' instead of 'estekhraj'. → استخراج

    Ekhrāj means firing someone; Estekhrāj means mining/extracting.

  • Saying 'Man naft estekhraj shodam'. → من نفت استخراج کردم.

    The first sentence says 'I was extracted like oil'. Use 'kardam' for the active 'I extracted'.

  • Pronouncing it 'est-ek-raj' without the 'h'. → estekhrāj

    The 'kh' sound is essential for the word to be recognizable.

  • Using it for taking out trash. → بیرون گذاشتن زباله

    Taking out trash is a simple chore, not a technical extraction.

  • Forgetting the ezafe in 'estekhraj naft'. → استخراجِ نفت

    In Persian, nouns in a phrase must be linked by the ezafe (short 'e' sound).

小贴士

Formalize Your Speech

Use 'estekhraj' when talking about resources to sound like a professional rather than a beginner.

The Ezafe Rule

Remember the kasra (e) after 'estekhraj' when followed by what you are extracting. Estekhraj-e naft.

Master the 'Kh'

Practice the 'kh' sound separately before trying to say the whole word. It makes a huge difference in being understood.

Modern Usage

If you work in IT, learn 'estekhraj-e dadeh'—it's a key term in Iranian tech jobs.

Economic News

Watch the Iranian economic news for 10 minutes; you are almost guaranteed to hear this word.

The Exit Root

Connect it to 'Kharej' (outside). You are making something come 'outside' of its source.

Passive Voice

In scientific writing, use 'estekhraj mishavad' (is extracted) to sound objective.

Oil History

Understanding 'estekhraj' helps you understand Iranian 20th-century history.

Don't Overuse

Don't use it for taking a wallet out of a purse. That's 'dar-avordan'.

Context Clues

If you hear 'ma'dan' (mine), 'estekhraj' is usually coming next.

记住它

记忆技巧

Imagine an 'ES-TEK' (High Tech) machine 'RĀJ-ing' (raging) through the earth to pull out gold. ESTEK-HRĀJ.

视觉联想

Visualize a giant magnet pulling a single golden needle out of a massive haystack. That process is 'estekhrāj'.

Word Web

Mines Oil Data Mining Gold Chemistry Extraction Resources Method

挑战

Try to use the word 'estekhrāj' in three different contexts today: once for a natural resource, once for digital data, and once for a summary of a book.

词源

Derived from the Arabic root Kh-R-J (خ-ر-ج). In Arabic, 'istakhraja' is the tenth form (Istaf'ala) of the verb, which usually denotes seeking, requesting, or the process of making something happen.

原始含义： To seek to bring out, to draw out, or to obtain through effort.

Semitic root (Arabic) integrated into Indo-European (Persian) lexicon as a loanword/masdar.

文化背景

No specific sensitivities, but be aware that 'estekhrāj' of resources is often a politically charged topic in Iran regarding environmental impact and foreign investment.

English speakers might use 'mining' for coal and 'extraction' for oil. In Persian, 'estekhrāj' covers both perfectly.

The National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) reports. Technical manuals for Bitcoin mining in Persian. Academic papers on 'Data Mining' (estekhrāj-e dādeh-hā).

在生活中练习

真实语境

Mining Industry

  • استخراج سنگ آهن
  • معدن استخراج طلا
  • ماشین‌آلات استخراج
  • ایمنی در استخراج

Oil and Gas

  • دکل استخراج
  • استخراج فراساحلی
  • بشکه‌های استخراج شده
  • ظرفیت استخراج

Data Science

  • استخراج ویژگی
  • استخراج متن
  • ابزارهای استخراج داده
  • الگوریتم استخراج

Chemistry/Pharmacy

  • استخراج با حلال
  • عصاره استخراج شده
  • دمای استخراج
  • راندمان استخراج

Finance/Crypto

  • مزرعه استخراج
  • سختی استخراج
  • پاداش استخراج
  • استخراج ابری

对话开场白

"آیا درباره روش‌های جدید استخراج نفت چیزی شنیده‌اید؟"

"به نظر شما استخراج بیت‌کوین هنوز سودآور است؟"

"چگونه می‌توانیم اطلاعات مفید را از این همه داده استخراج کنیم؟"

"آیا استخراج معادن در این منطقه به محیط زیست آسیب می‌زند؟"

"بهترین روش برای استخراج عصاره گیاهان چیست؟"

日记主题

درباره اهمیت استخراج منابع طبیعی در اقتصاد ایران بنویسید.

اگر یک دانشمند بودید، دوست داشتید چه چیزی را از اعماق اقیانوس استخراج کنید؟

چالش‌های اخلاقی استخراج اطلاعات شخصی کاربران توسط شرکت‌های بزرگ را بررسی کنید.

تجربه خود را از یادگیری یک موضوع پیچیده و استخراج نکات مهم آن توصیف کنید.

آیا استخراج رمزارزها باید توسط دولت‌ها محدود شود؟ چرا؟

常见问题

10 个问题

In medical terms, yes (استخراج دندان), but in daily life, dentists usually say 'keshidan' (pulling). Use 'estekhraj' in a formal medical report.

Yes, 'استخراج داده‌ها' is the standard translation for Data Mining in Persian tech circles.

Both mean extraction/production. 'Istihsal' is more formal and often used for salt or traditional agricultural production, while 'estekhraj' is modern and industrial.

You say 'استخراج بیت‌کوین' (estekhrāj-e Bitcoin).

No, it is a strong guttural sound like the 'ch' in 'Loch Ness'. It must be pronounced.

Yes, 'استخراج نقل‌قول' is correct and sounds very academic.

It is a noun (verbal noun/masdar). To make it a verb, add 'kardan'.

This is a non-standard, slightly slangy way to say 'miner', but 'ma'danchi' is the correct term for a person.

Rarely. It's too technical. You wouldn't 'extract love'. You might 'derive' (estembat) a feeling, but not 'estekhraj' it.

Yes, for example, 'استخراج با حلال' means 'solvent extraction'.

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自我测试 180 个问题

writing

Write a sentence using 'استخراج طلا' (gold extraction).

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say 'Oil extraction' in Persian.

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen and identify the word: 'estekhrāj'.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Translate: 'The extraction of information from this text is easy.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Pronounce 'estekhrāj-e dādeh-hā'.

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Is the speaker saying 'ekhraj' or 'estekhraj'?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Describe the process of mining using 'estekhraj'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Use 'estekhraj' in a sentence about the environment.

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

What resource was mentioned? (Audio: naft)

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write about the benefits of data mining.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Explain 'Data Mining' in Persian briefly.

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Which level of difficulty is the word 'estekhraj'?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Translate: 'They are extracting copper from the mine.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say: 'The cost of extraction is high.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Does the speaker sound formal or informal?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write a sentence about 'Bitcoin mining' in Iran.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say: 'We need new machines for extraction.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Identify the object being extracted: 'استخراج مس'.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Translate: 'Extraction of resources must be sustainable.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say: 'Data mining is useful for business.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Identify the number of syllables in 'estekhraj'.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write a sentence about extracting DNA from fossils.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say: 'They are extracting gold.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Is the speaker male or female?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Translate: 'The extraction of salt from the sea is an old method.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say: 'Extraction is the third step.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Did the speaker say 'estekhraj' clearly?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Translate: 'They extracted the main idea of the book.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say: 'Oil was extracted.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Identify the sound of 'kh' in the word.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Describe a mining site using 'estekhraj'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say: 'Extraction of meaning is difficult.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Is the stress on 'es' or 'raj'?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Translate: 'Digital data extraction is a new science.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say: 'Is gold extraction legal here?'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Did the speaker say 'estekhraj naft'?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Translate: 'The extraction of DNA from fossils is a breakthrough.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say: 'We are extracting coal.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Identify the word: 'estekhrāj'.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Translate: 'Mining gold is very profitable.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say: 'Extraction of oil is Iran's main industry.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

What was extracted? (Audio: dade-ha)

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Translate: 'The cost of data extraction is decreasing.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say: 'Manual extraction is slow.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Is the word 'estekhraj' used in the sentence?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Translate: 'We extracted the DNA sample.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say: 'Is this extraction method safe?'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

What is the third letter of the word? (Audio: estekhraj)

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Translate: 'Mining is a difficult job.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say: 'We are studying extraction methods.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Identify the resource: 'estekhraj-e noghreh'.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Translate: 'The government gave us an extraction license.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say: 'Extraction is profitable.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Is the word 'estekhraj' at the beginning or end?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：

/ 180 correct

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