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بحران

B1 noun #3,000 最常用 7分钟阅读

بحران

Q: What is the plural of 'bohran'?

The standard plural is 'بحرانها' (bohran-ha). In very formal Arabic style, you might see 'بحرانات' (bohranat), but it is rare.

bohran 前3,000

开始练习例句笔记与提示 بحران 30秒了解

解析 بحران in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word 'بحران' frequently, as it is a bit advanced for daily basic conversations. However, it is good to recognize it because it appears in news headlines. Think of it as a 'very big problem.' You might see it in simple signs or hear it on TV. At this stage, just remember that it sounds like 'bo-ran' and means something very serious is happening, like a big storm or a big problem with money. You can associate it with the English word 'crisis.' If you see this word, you know the topic is serious, not a lighthearted conversation about food or weather.

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At the A2 level, you can start using 'بحران' in simple sentences to describe major events. You might say 'بحران آب' (water crisis) because it is a common topic in Iran. You should understand that it is a noun and usually comes before another word using the 'e' sound (Ezafe), like 'bohrān-e...'. You can use it to talk about news you heard. For example, 'بحران در اروپا' (Crisis in Europe). You are learning that this word is stronger than 'مشکل' (problem). If you use 'بحران' for a small problem, people might think you are joking or being very dramatic.

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At the B1 level, you should be able to use 'بحران' comfortably in discussions about social issues, the economy, or personal life. You should know common pairings like 'بحران اقتصادی' (economic crisis) and 'مدیریت بحران' (crisis management). You can explain why something is a crisis. You should also be able to use the adjective 'بحرانی' (critical) to describe a situation. For example, 'وضعیت بیمار بحرانی است' (The patient's condition is critical). This is the level where you start to understand the nuances between a crisis and a simple difficulty, and you can participate in conversations about how to solve a crisis.

At the B2 level, you use 'بحران' with more precision. You understand its metaphorical uses, such as 'بحران هویت' (identity crisis) or 'بحران میانسالی' (mid-life crisis). You can use complex verbs with it, like 'مهار کردن بحران' (to contain a crisis) or 'بحران را پشت سر گذاشتن' (to leave a crisis behind/overcome it). You can write short essays or give presentations about the causes of a specific crisis, using 'بحران' as a central theme. You also begin to recognize the word in literature and more formal political analysis, understanding how it frames a narrative of conflict and resolution.

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At the C1 level, your use of 'بحران' is sophisticated. You can discuss the 'ontology' of a crisis or its systemic roots. You use synonyms like 'تشنج' or 'معضل' to avoid repetition and to provide specific shades of meaning. You understand the historical and political connotations of the word in the Iranian context. You can follow fast-paced debates on TV where speakers discuss 'بحران‌های منطقه‌ای' (regional crises) and 'راهکارهای برون‌رفت از بحران' (solutions to exit the crisis). Your vocabulary includes academic terms related to crisis theory and social upheaval.

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At the C2 level, you have a masterly command of 'بحران'. You can use it in highly formal speeches, legal documents, or complex literary analysis. You understand its etymological journey from medical Arabic to modern political Persian. You can use rare plural forms or archaic structures if needed for stylistic effect. You can analyze how the word 'بحران' is used as a rhetorical tool in political propaganda or philosophical texts. You are able to distinguish between 'بحران' and 'فتنه' (sedition/turmoil) or 'آشوب' (chaos) with absolute precision, reflecting a deep cultural and linguistic immersion.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

بحران 30秒了解

Bohran means 'crisis' and is used for serious, unstable situations.
It is a B1 level word common in news and formal Persian.
Commonly paired with 'economic', 'water', or 'identity'.
Pronounced 'bohrān', it implies a critical turning point.

The Persian word بحران (pronounced as bohrān) is a powerful noun that translates primarily to 'crisis'. It refers to a critical turning point, a time of intense difficulty, or a situation that has reached a dangerous or unstable peak. In the Persian language, this word carries a heavy weight, often used to describe events that require immediate attention and decisive action. Whether it is a global economic meltdown, a personal identity struggle, or an environmental catastrophe, بحران is the definitive term used by native speakers to signal that the status quo has been broken and a resolution is urgently needed.

Core Meaning: A state of extreme instability or danger, especially in social, economic, or political affairs.
Usage Context: Commonly used in news headlines, political discourse, medical terminology, and psychological discussions regarding life transitions.

Historically, the term has roots in medical contexts, describing the moment in a disease when a patient either begins to recover or takes a turn for the worse. In modern Persian, this sense of a 'pivotal moment' remains. When you hear a news anchor mention بحران آب (water crisis), they are not just talking about a shortage; they are highlighting a systemic threat to survival. Similarly, بحران هویت (identity crisis) suggests a profound inner conflict that challenges one's sense of self.

دولت برای حل بحران مسکن برنامه‌های جدیدی دارد.
(The government has new plans to solve the housing crisis.)

Understanding بحران is essential for anyone looking to engage with Persian news or literature. It is a word that demands respect and implies a narrative of struggle and potential change. It is not merely a problem; it is a situation where the old ways are no longer working. In the context of Iranian history, the word has been used to describe various periods of upheaval, from constitutional struggles to modern economic sanctions. Its versatility allows it to scale from the global stage down to the individual human heart.

او در میانسالی دچار بحران روحی شد.
(He suffered a mental crisis in middle age.)

Using the word بحران correctly requires understanding its grammatical role as a noun and its common verbal partners. In Persian, you don't just 'have' a crisis; you might 'face' it, 'create' it, 'manage' it, or 'pass through' it. The verb ruberu shodan (to face) is one of the most frequent companions for this word. For example, ما با یک بحران بزرگ روبرو هستیم means 'We are facing a major crisis.'

Common Verbs: مدیریت کردن (to manage), حل کردن (to solve), ایجاد کردن (to create), مهار کردن (to contain/control).

When describing a situation as 'critical,' you would use the adjective form بحرانی (bohrāni). For instance, وضعیت بحرانی است means 'The situation is critical.' This distinction is important: use the noun for the event itself and the adjective for the state of affairs. In formal writing, بحران often acts as the subject of complex sentences involving governmental or institutional responses.

مدیریت بحران در زمان زلزله بسیار حیاتی است.
(Crisis management during an earthquake is very vital.)

Another sophisticated way to use the word is in the context of 'overcoming' or 'passing.' The phrase az bohran gozashtan suggests a successful navigation through a difficult period. Conversely, dar bohran foru raftan (to sink into a crisis) describes a deteriorating situation. These metaphorical uses add depth to your Persian expression, allowing you to describe not just the existence of a problem, but its trajectory.

جهان با بحران انرژی مواجه شده است.
(The world has encountered an energy crisis.)

If you turn on any Persian-language news channel like BBC Persian, Iran International, or IRIB, you will likely hear the word بحران within the first ten minutes. It is a staple of journalistic vocabulary. News reports on the economy frequently discuss بحران ارزی (currency crisis) or بحران تورم (inflation crisis). In these contexts, the word serves to emphasize the severity of the economic climate and the pressure on the population.

News Media: Used to report on international conflicts, natural disasters, and economic shifts.
Academic Settings: Political science and sociology lectures often analyze the causes and effects of historical crises.

Beyond the news, you will hear بحران in professional environments, particularly in fields like logistics, medicine, and psychology. A doctor might discuss a bohran-e bimari (crisis of illness) to indicate a patient's critical state. In the corporate world, a manager might call for an emergency meeting to address a bohran-e mali (financial crisis) within the company. It is a word that immediately changes the tone of a conversation to one of seriousness and urgency.

گزارش‌ها از تشدید بحران در منطقه خبر می‌دهند.
(Reports inform of the intensifying crisis in the region.)

Interestingly, the word has also found its way into everyday colloquial speech, though often with a touch of hyperbole. A student might say, “Darsam dar bohrane!” (My studies are in a crisis!) when they are behind on assignments. However, its primary home remains in formal discourse. When used in cinema or literature, it often signifies the 'climax' or the point of no return for a character, especially in the works of social realist filmmakers like Asghar Farhadi, where characters often navigate ethical and social crises.

One of the most common mistakes English speakers make when using بحران is confusing it with the word for a simple 'problem' (moshkel) or 'difficulty' (sakhti). While every crisis is a problem, not every problem is a بحران. Using the word for minor inconveniences can sound overly dramatic or incorrect. For example, if you lose your keys, it is a moshkel, but if a city loses its entire water supply, it is a bohran.

Mistake 1: Overuse: Using 'bohran' for daily minor issues instead of 'moshkel'.
Mistake 2: Preposition Error: Using 'dar' (in) when 'ba' (with) is required for verbs like 'facing'.

Another error involves the pronunciation of the 'h' (ح). In Persian, the 'h' in بحران is audible but soft. Some learners might skip it entirely, making it sound like 'boran' (which means blizzard in some contexts), or they might over-emphasize it. The correct pronunciation requires a slight breathy sound in the middle of the word. Additionally, learners often struggle with the Ezafe construction when linking بحران to its type. It should be bohrān-e... (e.g., bohrān-e māli).

Incorrect: من در بحران هستم چون خودکار ندارم.
(I am in a crisis because I don't have a pen. - Too dramatic!)

Finally, be careful with the plural forms. While bohran-ha is standard, learners sometimes try to apply English plural rules or use incorrect Arabic broken plurals. Stick to the standard Persian plural ending -ha for most modern contexts. Also, ensure you do not confuse بحران with برهان (borhān), which means 'proof' or 'demonstration.' Changing just one sound completely alters the meaning from 'crisis' to 'logical evidence.'

Depending on the intensity and nature of the situation, you might want to use synonyms for بحران to sound more natural or specific. If the situation is more about chaos and confusion than a structural turning point, آشفتگی (āshoftegi) is an excellent choice. This word conveys a sense of being 'disturbed' or 'disordered.' For political or social tension, تشنج (tashannoj) is often used, which literally means 'convulsion' or 'spasm' but metaphorically refers to high-stakes tension.

Synonym: معضل (Mo'zal): Used for a complex dilemma or a deep-seated problem that is hard to solve.
Synonym: بن‌بست (Bon-bast): Literally 'dead-end' or 'impasse,' used when a crisis has reached a point where no progress can be made.

When the focus is on personal hardship or being 'stuck' in a bad situation, گرفتاری (gereftāri) is more common in daily speech. If you are describing a sudden calamity or disaster, فاجعه (fāje'e) meaning 'catastrophe' or 'tragedy' might be more appropriate. بحران sits in the middle—it is more serious than a moshkel but more structural than a fāje'e. It implies a system under stress that could either break or be fixed.

این یک معضل اجتماعی است که به بحران تبدیل شده است.
(This is a social dilemma that has turned into a crisis.)

In academic or high-level political writing, you might also encounter vaz'iyat-e ezterāri (emergency situation). While بحران describes the nature of the event, ezterār describes the necessity for immediate action. Understanding these nuances helps a B1 learner transition to B2 and C1 levels, where word choice reflects the speaker's precise understanding of the situation's gravity.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The word is related to the Greek 'krisis', which also means a 'judgment' or 'decision.' In both languages, the medical root evolved into a political and social term.

发音指南

UK /bohrɒːn/

US /bohrɑːn/

The stress is on the second syllable: boh-RĀN.

押韵词

باران (bārān) ایران (irān) طوفان (tufān) دوران (dowrān) پایان (pāyān) آسان (āsān) فرمان (farmān) ارزان (arzān)

常见错误

Pronouncing it 'boran' (skipping the H).
Pronouncing the 'an' like 'man' (it should be deep like 'dawn').
Confusing it with 'borhan' (proof).
Over-aspirating the 'h' to sound like a clearing of the throat.
Stress on the first syllable.

难度评级

阅读 3/5

Common in news; easy to recognize once learned.

写作 4/5

Requires correct Ezafe usage and formal context.

口语 3/5

Pronunciation of 'h' needs care.

听力 3/5

Distinctive sound, often repeated in media.

接下来学什么

前置知识

مشکل سخت خطر مهم تغییر

接下来学习

معضل تشنج ثبات راهکار پیامد

高级

مشروعیت شالوده‌شکنی استراتژیک ژئوپلیتیک فروپاشی

需要掌握的语法

Ezafe Construction

بحرانِ اقتصادی (bohran-e eghtesadi)

Compound Verbs with 'Shodan'

بحرانی شدن (to become critical)

Preposition 'ba' for 'facing'

روبرو شدن با بحران

Plural with -ha

بحران‌ها

Adjective formation with -i

بحرانی (critical)

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按水平分级的例句

این یک بحران است.

This is a crisis.

Simple subject-predicate structure.

بحران آب بزرگ است.

The water crisis is big.

Noun + noun (Ezafe) + adjective.

اخبار درباره بحران است.

The news is about the crisis.

Use of 'darbare' (about).

او در بحران است.

He is in a crisis.

Prepositional phrase 'dar bohran'.

بحران بد است.

Crisis is bad.

Basic adjective usage.

نام این کتاب بحران است.

The name of this book is Crisis.

Possessive Ezafe.

بحران مالی چیست؟

What is a financial crisis?

Interrogative sentence.

ما بحران نداریم.

We don't have a crisis.

Negative verb form.

دولت باید بحران را حل کند.

The government must solve the crisis.

Modal verb 'bayad' + present subjunctive.

بحران اقتصادی در همه جا هست.

The economic crisis is everywhere.

Adjective 'eghtesadi' modifying 'bohran'.

مردم از بحران می‌ترسند.

People are afraid of the crisis.

Verb 'tarsidan' takes the preposition 'az'.

این بحران خیلی جدی است.

This crisis is very serious.

Adverb 'kheyli' modifying the adjective 'jaddi'.

او به خاطر بحران کارش را از دست داد.

He lost his job because of the crisis.

Compound preposition 'be khatere' (because of).

بحران در حال تمام شدن است.

The crisis is ending.

Continuous aspect 'dar hal-e'.

آیا بحران تمام شد؟

Is the crisis over?

Simple past question.

ما باید برای بحران آماده باشیم.

We must be ready for the crisis.

Preposition 'baraye' (for).

مدیریت بحران یکی از وظایف مهم شهرداری است.

Crisis management is one of the important duties of the municipality.

Complex noun phrase as subject.

بسیاری از خانواده‌ها با بحران مالی روبرو هستند.

Many families are facing a financial crisis.

Verb 'ruberu shodan' (to face).

بحران هویت معمولاً در نوجوانی رخ می‌دهد.

Identity crisis usually occurs in adolescence.

Abstract noun usage.

کشور توانست بحران را مهار کند.

The country was able to contain the crisis.

Verb 'tavanestan' + past participle.

وضعیت بیمار در حالت بحرانی قرار دارد.

The patient's condition is in a critical state.

Adjective 'bohrani' used as a predicate.

این بحران باعث افزایش قیمت‌ها شد.

This crisis caused prices to increase.

Verb 'ba'es shodan' (to cause).

ما باید ریشه‌های این بحران را پیدا کنیم.

We must find the roots of this crisis.

Plural noun 'rishe-ha' (roots).

بحران انرژی بر صنایع تأثیر گذاشته است.

The energy crisis has affected industries.

Verb 'ta'sir gozashtan' (to affect).

تحلیلگران معتقدند که این بحران ریشه‌های سیاسی دارد.

Analysts believe that this crisis has political roots.

Subordinate clause starting with 'ke' (that).

او در آثارش به بحران‌های اخلاقی جامعه می‌پردازد.

In his works, he addresses the moral crises of society.

Verb 'pardakhtan be' (to address/deal with).

پیش‌بینی می‌شود که بحران تا سال آینده ادامه یابد.

It is predicted that the crisis will continue until next year.

Passive construction 'pish-bini mishavad'.

بدون همکاری بین‌المللی، حل این بحران غیرممکن است.

Without international cooperation, solving this crisis is impossible.

Prepositional phrase 'bedun-e' (without).

بحران میانسالی می‌تواند فرصتی برای رشد باشد.

A mid-life crisis can be an opportunity for growth.

Modal 'tavanestan' for possibility.

دولت برای جلوگیری از بحران، تدابیر شدیدی اتخاذ کرد.

The government took strict measures to prevent the crisis.

Verb 'ettekhaz kardan' (to adopt/take measures).

این بحران نشان‌دهنده ضعف در سیستم مدیریتی است.

This crisis is indicative of a weakness in the management system.

Participle 'neshan-dahande' (showing/indicative).

او با شجاعت از این بحران عبور کرد.

He passed through this crisis with courage.

Adverbial phrase 'ba shoja'at'.

ابعاد این بحران فراتر از تصورات اولیه ماست.

The dimensions of this crisis are beyond our initial imaginations.

Formal word 'aba'ad' (dimensions).

بحران مشروعیت، یکی از چالش‌های اصلی نظام‌های سیاسی است.

The crisis of legitimacy is one of the main challenges of political systems.

Academic term 'bohran-e mashru'iyat'.

تداوم این بحران منجر به فروپاشی ساختارهای اجتماعی خواهد شد.

The continuation of this crisis will lead to the collapse of social structures.

Future tense with 'khahad shod'.

نویسنده در این رمان، بحران وجودی انسان مدرن را به تصویر می‌کشد.

In this novel, the author depicts the existential crisis of modern man.

Verb 'be tasvir keshidan' (to depict).

سیاست‌های غلط، کشور را به لبه پرتگاه بحران کشانده است.

Wrong policies have dragged the country to the edge of the precipice of crisis.

Metaphorical language.

بحران فعلی نیازمند یک رویکرد چندجانبه و جامع است.

The current crisis requires a multilateral and comprehensive approach.

Adjectives 'chand-janebe' and 'jame'.

او به عنوان یک متخصص در زمینه حل بحران شناخته می‌شود.

He is known as an expert in the field of crisis resolution.

Passive structure 'shenakhte mishavad'.

پیامدهای زیست‌محیطی این بحران جبران‌ناپذیر است.

The environmental consequences of this crisis are irreversible.

Adjective 'jobran-napazir' (irreversible).

دیالکتیک بحران در جوامع در حال گذار، موضوعی پیچیده است.

The dialectic of crisis in societies in transition is a complex subject.

Highly academic vocabulary 'dialektik'.

بحران، به مثابه کاتالیزوری برای تغییرات بنیادین عمل می‌کند.

Crisis acts as a catalyst for fundamental changes.

Simile 'be masabe-ye' (as/like).

در متون کلاسیک، بحران به معنای نقطه عطف در سیر بیماری بود.

In classical texts, crisis meant the turning point in the course of a disease.

Historical etymological reference.

تقابل قدرت‌ها می‌تواند جهان را به سوی یک بحران هسته‌ای سوق دهد.

The confrontation of powers can drive the world towards a nuclear crisis.

Verb 'sugh dadan' (to drive/push towards).

شالوده‌شکنی مفهوم بحران در اندیشه معاصر، افق‌های جدیدی می‌گشاید.

The deconstruction of the concept of crisis in contemporary thought opens new horizons.

Philosophical term 'shalude-shekani'.

این بحران، محصول انباشت تضادهای درونی در ساختار قدرت است.

This crisis is the product of the accumulation of internal contradictions in the power structure.

Complex noun phrases and causal logic.

بحران‌های پیاپی، تاب‌آوری جامعه را به شدت کاهش داده است.

Successive crises have severely reduced the resilience of society.

Abstract noun 'tab-avari' (resilience).

خوانش متفاوتی از بحران در اشعار عرفانی نهفته است.

A different reading of crisis is hidden in mystical poems.

Literary/Mystical context.

常见搭配

بحران اقتصادی

بحران هویت

مدیریت بحران

بحران آب

بحران مالی

بحران سیاسی

بحران انرژی

بحران میانسالی

مهار بحران

حل بحران

常用短语

در اوج بحران

— At the height of the crisis.

در اوج بحران، او تصمیم درستی گرفت.

خروج از بحران

— Exiting or recovering from a crisis.

برنامه‌ای برای خروج از بحران تدوین شد.

بحران‌زده

— Crisis-stricken (adjective).

کمک‌ها به مناطق بحران‌زده ارسال شد.

ایجاد بحران

— Creating a crisis.

دشمن قصد ایجاد بحران در کشور را دارد.

پیشگیری از بحران

— Crisis prevention.

پیشگیری از بحران بهتر از درمان است.

بحران جهانی

— Global crisis.

بحران جهانی کرونا همه را تحت تأثیر قرار داد.

بحران مشروعیت

— Crisis of legitimacy.

نظام با بحران مشروعیت مواجه شد.

بحران عاطفی

— Emotional crisis.

بعد از طلاق، او دچار بحران عاطفی شد.

بحران ساختاری

— Structural crisis.

این یک بحران ساختاری در اقتصاد است.

بهره‌برداری از بحران

— Exploiting a crisis.

برخی از بحران به نفع خود بهره‌برداری می‌کنند.

容易混淆的词

بحران vs برهان (Borhan)

Means 'proof' or 'reason'. It sounds very similar but has a completely different meaning.

بحران vs بوران (Boran)

Means 'blizzard' or 'snowstorm'. Learners often drop the 'h' in 'bohran'.

بحران vs مشکل (Moshkel)

Means 'problem'. A crisis is much more severe than a simple problem.

习语与表达

"بحران‌سازی کردن"

— To deliberately create a crisis for political or personal gain.

او همیشه در حال بحران‌سازی است.

Political

"در گل ماندن در بحران"

— To be stuck or helpless during a crisis.

در این بحران، همه در گل مانده‌اند.

Colloquial

"آتش بحران را تند کردن"

— To aggravate or fuel a crisis.

سخنان او آتش بحران را تندتر کرد.

Metaphorical

"از آب گل‌آلود ماهی گرفتن در بحران"

— To take advantage of a chaotic or critical situation.

او می‌خواهد از این بحران ماهی بگیرد.

Idiomatic

"بحران را پشت سر گذاشتن"

— To successfully move past a crisis.

خوشبختانه ما بحران را پشت سر گذاشتیم.

Neutral

"به سیم آخر زدن در بحران"

— To take a desperate or extreme action when in a crisis.

او در اوج بحران مالی به سیم آخر زد.

Slang

"کارد به استخوان رسیدن در بحران"

— When a crisis becomes unbearable.

در این بحران، کارد به استخوان مردم رسیده است.

Emotive

"دست و پا زدن در بحران"

— To struggle aimlessly in a crisis.

شرکت در بحران بدهی دست و پا می‌زند.

Neutral

"بحران را خواباندن"

— To calm down or suppress a crisis.

پلیس توانست بحران را بخواباند.

Neutral

"در دهان شیر رفتن در بحران"

— To face a dangerous crisis head-on.

او برای حل بحران در دهان شیر رفت.

Literary

容易混淆

بحران vs فاجعه

Both refer to bad situations.

'Bohran' is a state of instability; 'Faje'e' is a tragic event or result.

بحران مدیریت باعث این فاجعه شد. (Management crisis caused this tragedy.)

بحران vs تنش

Both involve difficulty.

'Tanesh' is tension or friction; 'Bohran' is a full-blown critical state.

تنش در مرزها به یک بحران تبدیل شد. (Tension at the borders turned into a crisis.)

بحران vs آشوب

Both imply lack of order.

'Ashub' is chaos/riot; 'Bohran' can be quiet and structural.

بحران مالی باعث آشوب در خیابان‌ها شد. (The financial crisis caused chaos in the streets.)

بحران vs گرفتاری

Both mean being in trouble.

'Gereftari' is personal and common; 'Bohran' is systemic and formal.

او گرفتاری شخصی دارد، اما کشور بحران دارد.

بحران vs اضطرار

Both imply urgency.

'Ezterar' is the necessity for action; 'Bohran' is the situation itself.

در وضعیت اضطرار، باید بحران را مهار کرد.

句型

این یک [بحران] است.

این یک بحران است.

ما با [بحران] روبرو هستیم.

ما با بحران آب روبرو هستیم.

دولت باید [بحران] را حل کند.

دولت باید بحران مالی را حل کند.

[بحران] باعث [نتیجه] شد.

بحران باعث افزایش بیکاری شد.

ریشه‌های این [بحران] در [دلیل] نهفته است.

ریشه‌های این بحران در سیاست‌های غلط نهفته است.

[بحران] به مثابه [استعاره] عمل می‌کند.

بحران به مثابه یک زلزله اجتماعی عمل می‌کند.

وضعیت [بحرانی] است.

وضعیت اقتصادی بحرانی است.

برای [مدیریت بحران] نیاز به [چیزی] داریم.

برای مدیریت بحران نیاز به همکاری داریم.

词族

名词

بحران (crisis)

بحران‌زدگی (state of being crisis-stricken)

بحران‌آفرینی (crisis-making)

动词

بحرانی شدن (to become critical)

بحران آفریدن (to create a crisis)

形容词

بحرانی (critical/crisis-related)

بحران‌زده (crisis-stricken)

بحران‌ساز (crisis-causing)

如何使用

frequency

Very common in news, academic writing, and formal discussions.

常见错误

Using 'bohran' for a broken pencil. → Using 'moshkel' or 'kharabi'.
'Bohran' is too severe for minor physical objects breaking.
Pronouncing it 'bor-ann'. → Boh-ran.
The 'h' must be slightly heard, and the 'a' is deep.
بحران اقتصادی است (without Ezafe) → بحرانِ اقتصادی است
The Ezafe is required to link the noun and adjective.
Confusing 'bohran' with 'borhan'. → Use 'bohran' for crisis and 'borhan' for proof.
One letter changes the entire meaning.
Using 'bohran' as a verb directly. → بحرانی شدن.
Persian nouns require a light verb to function as actions.

小贴士

Context Matters

Always use 'bohran' when the situation is systemic and affects many people or a whole structure.

Ezafe Linking

Remember the Ezafe (short 'e' sound) when linking 'bohran' to its type, like 'bohran-e mali'.

Adjective Form

Learn 'bohrani' (critical) alongside 'bohran' to describe states of being.

Headline Spotting

Look for this word in the scrolling tickers of Persian news channels; it's almost always there.

Breath of H

Practice the soft 'h' to sound more native and avoid confusion with other words.

Formal Writing

In essays, 'bohran' is preferred over 'moshkel' when discussing national or global issues.

Avoid Repetition

Use 'معضل' (mo'zal) as a synonym in long texts to keep your writing varied.

Environmental Focus

Mentioning 'bohran-e ab' (water crisis) shows you are aware of current Iranian social issues.

Inner Crisis

Use 'bohran-e hoviyat' to discuss character development in literary analysis.

Management

Learn the phrase 'modiriyat-e bohran' as a single unit; it is extremely common.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'Bohran' as 'Boar-on'. A wild boar running into your house would definitely cause a 'Bohran' (crisis).

视觉联想

Imagine a red siren flashing over a map of a country. The sound it makes is 'Boh-Ran, Boh-Ran'.

Word Web

اقتصاد سیاست آب هویت مدیریت حل مهار جدی

挑战

Try to find three headlines in a Persian newspaper that use the word 'بحران' and translate the context of each.

词源

Derived from the Arabic word 'buhrān' (بحران).

原始含义： In ancient Arabic medicine, it referred to the 'crisis' of a disease—the point where the patient either recovers or dies.

Semitic root (B-H-R) adapted into Indo-European Persian.

文化背景

Be sensitive when discussing political or economic crises in Iran, as these can be emotional and polarizing topics for native speakers.

The English 'crisis' is used similarly, but Persian 'bohran' is slightly more formal and less used for trivial things like 'a fashion crisis'.

The book 'Bohran' (The Crisis) by various political authors. Iranian 'Crisis Management Organization' (سازمان مدیریت بحران کشور). The term 'Bohran-e Hoviyat' in modern Iranian psychology.

在生活中练习

真实语境

Economic News

تورم شدید
رکود اقتصادی
کاهش ارزش پول
بیکاری گسترده

Environmental Issues

خشکسالی
کمبود آب
آلودگی هوا
تغییرات اقلیمی

Psychology

افسردگی
اضطراب
خودشناسی
تغییر رفتار

Politics

اعتراضات
تحریم‌ها
مذاکرات دیپلماتیک
تنش‌های مرزی

Medical

وضعیت وخیم
مراقبت‌های ویژه
عمل جراحی
بهبودی

对话开场白

"به نظر شما بزرگترین بحران جهان امروز چیست؟ (What do you think is the biggest crisis in the world today?)"

"چگونه می‌توان بحران آب را در ایران حل کرد؟ (How can the water crisis in Iran be solved?)"

"آیا تا به حال دچار بحران هویت شده‌اید؟ (Have you ever experienced an identity crisis?)"

"نقش دولت در مدیریت بحران‌های طبیعی چیست؟ (What is the government's role in managing natural crises?)"

"چگونه یک شرکت می‌تواند از بحران مالی خارج شود؟ (How can a company exit a financial crisis?)"

日记主题

درباره زمانی بنویسید که با یک بحران شخصی روبرو شدید و چگونه آن را حل کردید. (Write about a time you faced a personal crisis and how you solved it.)

تأثیر بحران‌های اقتصادی بر زندگی روزمره مردم را تحلیل کنید. (Analyze the impact of economic crises on people's daily lives.)

اگر شما مسئول مدیریت بحران بودید، اولین اقدام شما چه بود؟ (If you were in charge of crisis management, what would be your first action?)

چرا برخی افراد در زمان بحران بهتر از دیگران عمل می‌کنند؟ (Why do some people perform better than others during a crisis?)

ارتباط بین بحران‌های زیست‌محیطی و مهاجرت را توضیح دهید. (Explain the link between environmental crises and migration.)

常见问题

10 个问题

Yes, it almost always refers to a negative, difficult, or dangerous situation. However, in a philosophical sense, it can be seen as a necessary turning point for growth.

The standard plural is 'بحران‌ها' (bohran-ha). In very formal Arabic style, you might see 'بحرانات' (bohranat), but it is rare.

Only if you are being very dramatic or sarcastic. Usually, 'مشکل' (moshkel) is better for small personal issues.

It is 'مدیریت بحران' (Modiriyat-e Bohran).

No, it is a soft 'h' sound. It is important to pronounce it to distinguish it from 'boran' (blizzard).

It is generally considered a B1 level word because it is essential for understanding news and social issues.

Yes, to describe a critical stage in a patient's health, though 'vaz'iyat-e bohrani' is more common today.

It is 'بحران هویت' (Bohran-e Hoviyat).

No, it is a noun. To make it a verb, you use 'بحرانی شدن' (to become critical) or 'بحران آفریدن' (to create a crisis).

It is 'بحران آب' (Bohran-e Ab), a very common term in Iranian environmental discourse.

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