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چرخاندن

A2 verb #4,200 最常用 8分钟阅读

چرخاندن

charkhandan 前4,200

开始练习例句笔记与提示 چرخاندن 30秒了解

解析 چرخاندن in your Level:

At the A1 level, you learn 'چرخاندن' (charkhāndan) as a basic action word. You use it for simple physical tasks. Think about turning a key in a door or turning your head to look at someone. At this stage, you don't need to worry about complex management meanings. You just need to know that if you move something in a circle or rotate it, you are 'چرخاندن'-ing it. For example: 'I turn the key' (Man kelid rā micharkhānam). It's a useful word for following simple instructions like 'Turn the page' (Safhe rā becharkhān). You should focus on the present tense and the simple past tense. Remember that this verb always has an object—you are turning *something*. This is one of the first 'long' verbs you might learn, and it's a great example of how Persian builds verbs from nouns (charkh + āndan). Practice by pointing to things you can rotate and saying the verb out loud.

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At the A2 level, you start using 'چرخاندن' in more varied contexts, such as driving or cooking. You might describe turning a steering wheel (farmān) or turning food on a grill. You also begin to see it used in simple metaphorical ways, like 'turning' or 'running' a small shop. At this level, you should be comfortable with the difference between 'charkhāndan' (I turn it) and 'charkhidan' (It turns). This is a common point of confusion for A2 learners. You will also encounter the imperative form more often in manuals or recipes. For instance, 'Turn the meat every five minutes.' You should also learn the basic past and future forms. Understanding that 'charkh' means 'wheel' helps you remember that this verb is about 'wheeling' something around. You might also hear it in the context of 'showing someone around' a place, which is a very common social usage in Persian culture.

By the B1 level, you should be able to use 'چرخاندن' to describe more complex processes and management. You can talk about 'running' a household or a small business using this verb. You also start to understand its role in more abstract sentences, such as 'turning the conversation' toward a specific topic. Your grammar should be more precise, correctly using the object marker 'rā' and understanding how to use the verb in the subjunctive mood (e.g., 'I want you to turn the wheel'). You will also encounter it in news reports, particularly regarding the 'wheels of the economy' (charkh-e eqtesād). At this stage, you should also be able to distinguish it from synonyms like 'gardāndan' or 'pichāndan' and choose the most appropriate one for the situation. You might also start to learn some common idioms involving this verb, like 'charkhāndan-e zabān' (turning the tongue/speaking eloquently).

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At the B2 level, 'چرخاندن' becomes a tool for more sophisticated expression. You use it to describe technical rotations in science or engineering, or to discuss the 'spinning' of information in media. You understand the nuances of the causative structure and can use it in complex sentences with multiple clauses. You are also familiar with the literary and poetic uses of the word, such as how the 'heavens turn' (though usually intransitive, the transitive form is used when discussing a creator turning the heavens). Your vocabulary includes more formal synonyms and you can explain the difference between 'rotating' a physical object and 'circulating' a document. You can also use the verb in various compound structures and understand its role in forming adjectives like 'charkhān' (rotating). You are comfortable using it in professional settings to discuss management strategies and operational flow.

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At the C1 level, your use of 'چرخاندن' is fluid and nuanced. You can use it to discuss philosophical concepts of cycles and rotation. You understand the subtle difference in register between 'charkhāndan' and 'gardāndan' and use them to vary your style in writing and formal speech. You are familiar with advanced idioms and can use the verb to describe the manipulation of systems, public opinion, or complex machinery with precision. In academic or technical writing, you use it to describe the mechanics of turbines, planetary systems, or economic models. You can also appreciate the word's etymology and its connection to other Indo-European languages (like the English 'cycle' or 'wheel'). Your ability to use the verb in the passive voice or in complex causative constructions is well-developed. You can engage in deep discussions about how the 'wheels of power' are turned in a society.

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At the C2 level, 'چرخاندن' is a word you use with the mastery of a native speaker. You can use it in highly abstract, metaphorical, and poetic contexts. You understand its place in classical Persian poetry and how it relates to the concept of 'Falak' (the celestial sphere). You can use the verb to describe the most subtle shifts in tone or direction in a high-level negotiation or a literary critique. Your command of the verb includes all its technical, colloquial, and archaic variations. You can play with the word in puns or sophisticated wordplay. Whether you are writing a technical manual for a jet engine or a piece of creative fiction, you choose 'چرخاندن' or its alternatives with perfect precision to convey the exact speed, force, and nature of the rotation you are describing. You have a deep intuitive sense of when to use the causative form to imply agency and when to use other structures to focus on the result.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

چرخاندن 30秒了解

A versatile transitive verb meaning 'to turn' or 'to rotate' something.
Essential for daily tasks like turning keys, steering wheels, or pages.
Commonly used metaphorically to mean 'managing' a business or household.
Distinguished from 'charkhidan' (intransitive) by its focus on an active agent.

The Persian verb چرخاندن (charkhāndan) is a fundamental transitive verb that primarily describes the action of making something rotate or turn around an axis. Derived from the noun چرخ (charkh), meaning wheel or cycle, and the causative suffix -اندن, it literally translates to 'causing to wheel.' In everyday Persian, this word is indispensable because it covers both physical mechanical movements and more abstract concepts of management and manipulation. Whether you are turning a key in a lock, rotating a steering wheel while driving through the bustling streets of Tehran, or metaphorically 'running' or 'turning' a business to make a profit, this is the verb you need. It is important to distinguish it from its intransitive counterpart, چرخیدن (charkhidan), which means 'to turn' or 'to rotate' on its own without an external agent. When you use چرخاندن, there is always someone or something doing the turning to an object.

Physical Rotation: This is the most common usage, referring to the act of rotating an object like a dial, a handle, a wheel, or even a part of the body. For example, a doctor might ask you to turn your head to the left.
Managerial Context: In a professional setting, this verb is used to describe managing or operating a business, a household, or an organization. It implies keeping the 'wheels' of the entity turning smoothly.
Directional Change: It is used when changing the orientation of something, such as turning a page in a book or rotating a photograph on a digital screen.

او کلید را در قفل چرخاند و در را باز کرد.
— Translation: He turned the key in the lock and opened the door.

آشپز قاشق را در قابلمه می‌چرخاند.
— Translation: The cook is stirring (turning) the spoon in the pot.

مدیر جدید به خوبی شرکت را می‌چرخاند.
— Translation: The new manager runs the company very well.

Furthermore, in colloquial Persian, this verb can sometimes overlap with پیچاندن (pichāndan), which means to twist or to turn a knob. However, چرخاندن usually implies a more circular or complete rotation. It is also used in sports, such as when a basketball player spins a ball on their finger or a gymnast rotates their body. In the digital age, we use it for rotating images or screens on smartphones. Understanding this verb is a gateway to understanding how Persians describe movement and agency in both the physical and social worlds.

Using چرخاندن correctly requires an understanding of its conjugation and its relationship with direct objects. Since it is a transitive verb, it almost always takes the object marker را (rā) when the object is definite. The past stem is چرخاند (charkhānd) and the present stem is چرخان (charkhān). Let's look at how it functions across different tenses and contexts to ensure you can use it naturally in conversation.

Present Continuous: Used for actions happening right now. 'دارم فرمان را می‌چرخانم' (I am turning the steering wheel).
Past Simple: Used for completed actions. 'او سرش را چرخاند' (He turned his head).
Imperative (Commands): Common in instructions. 'صفحه را بچرخان' (Turn the page/Rotate the screen).

باید دستگیره را به سمت راست بچرخانی.
— Translation: You must turn the handle to the right.

آن‌ها چرخ‌های بزرگ را با قدرت می‌چرخاندند.
— Translation: They were turning the large wheels with strength.

When using this verb to mean 'to manage', the sentence structure remains the same. 'او دخل و خرج خانه را می‌چرخاند' (He/She manages the household income and expenses). Here, the 'turning' is metaphorical, suggesting the circulation of money and resources. Similarly, in a game of spin the bottle, the action is described using this verb: 'بطری را چرخاندن'. It is a versatile verb that adapts to its object, whether that object is a physical sphere or a complex financial system.

You will encounter چرخاندن in a variety of real-world scenarios in Iran or any Persian-speaking community. Its usage spans from the technical to the poetic. If you are in a garage, the mechanic will use it while talking about parts of the engine. If you are in a dance class, the instructor will use it to tell you to spin your partner. It is a word that connects the physical movement of the world with the human effort required to initiate that movement.

In the Kitchen: Recipes often use this verb for stirring or rotating skewers of kebab. 'جوجه‌کباب‌ها را روی آتش بچرخانید' (Turn the chicken kebabs over the fire).
Driving and Mechanics: Driving instructors constantly use it: 'فرمان را به چپ بچرخان' (Turn the wheel to the left). Mechanics use it when discussing gears and belts.
Business and Economy: News reports on the economy often use it metaphorically. 'چرخاندن چرخ اقتصاد' (Turning the wheel of the economy) is a common idiom for keeping the economy running.

بچه‌ها در حیاط فرفره‌هایشان را می‌چرخاندند.
— Translation: The children were spinning their pinwheels in the yard.

او با مهارت توپ را روی انگشتش می‌چرخاند.
— Translation: He was skillfully spinning the ball on his finger.

Socially, you might hear this word when someone is showing you their new house or office: 'بیا تا تو را در اداره بچرخانم' (Come, let me show you around the office/let me 'turn' you through the office). It implies a guided tour where the host 'rotates' the guest through different rooms. It is also used in the context of rotating shifts at work or rotating duties in a group project. Its presence in both high-tech discussions about turbines and low-tech discussions about spinning a coin makes it a truly universal Persian verb.

One of the most frequent errors for learners of Persian is confusing چرخاندن (transitive) with چرخیدن (intransitive). This distinction is crucial because Persian grammar relies heavily on the transitivity of verbs. If you use the wrong one, you might end up saying 'The steering wheel turned me' instead of 'I turned the steering wheel.' Let's break down the common pitfalls to help you avoid these mistakes.

The Transitive Trap: Learners often say 'پنکه می‌چرخاند' (The fan is turning [something]) when they mean 'پنکه می‌چرخد' (The fan is rotating). Unless the fan is physically turning another object, use 'charkhidan'.
Object Marker Omission: Because 'charkhāndan' is transitive, it usually needs 'rā'. Saying 'کلید چرخاند' is incomplete; it should be 'کلید را چرخاند'.
Confusion with 'پیچاندن': 'Pichāndan' means to twist or wind (like a screw or a bandage). While you can 'turn' a screw, Persians prefer 'pichāndan' for twisting and 'charkhāndan' for rotating something around a center point.

❌ زمین به دور خورشید می‌چرخاند.
✅ زمین به دور خورشید می‌چرخد.
— Explanation: The earth rotates itself (intransitive), it doesn't rotate another object here.

❌ او فرمان را چرخید.
✅ او فرمان را چرخاند.
— Explanation: He is the agent turning the wheel, so the transitive 'charkhāndan' is required.

Another mistake involves the causative formation. Some learners try to create a double causative or use 'kardan' with 'charkh'. While 'charkh zadan' exists (meaning to wander or to spin around), it doesn't replace 'charkhāndan' when you are specifically rotating an object. For example, you 'charkh mizani' in a park (walk around), but you 'charkhāndi' the key. Keeping these distinctions clear will significantly improve your fluency and make your Persian sound much more natural to native speakers.

Persian is rich with verbs that describe movement, and while چرخاندن is the general word for 'to turn', there are several alternatives that might be more precise depending on the context. Understanding these nuances will help you move from a basic level to a more advanced, expressive command of the language.

گرداندن (Gardāndan): Very similar to charkhāndan, but often used for 'turning something over' or 'circulating'. It is also the standard word for 'to run/manage' a business (اداره کردن). Use this when the motion is more about circulation than simple rotation.
پیچاندن (Pichāndan): This means to twist, to wind, or to wrap. Use this for screws, knobs, or bandages. It also has a slang meaning: 'to ditch someone' or 'to evade a responsibility'.
تاب دادن (Tāb Dādan): This means to swing or to twirl. It implies a looser, more swinging motion than the rigid rotation of 'charkhāndan'. Think of swinging a rope or twirling hair.
وارونه کردن (Vārune Kardan): This specifically means to flip something upside down or inside out. While 'charkhāndan' could involve a 180-degree turn, 'vārune kardan' is more specific about the result.

او پیچ را با پیچ‌گوشتی پیچاند.
— Translation: He twisted the screw with a screwdriver. (More precise than charkhānd).

او سرش را به سمت من برگرداند.
— Translation: He turned his head back toward me. (Bargardānd implies returning or turning back).

In summary, while چرخاندن is a safe 'catch-all' verb for rotation, paying attention to the specific type of motion will make your Persian much more descriptive. For instance, if you are talking about the hands of a clock, 'charkhāndan' is perfect. If you are talking about flipping a pancake, 'bargardāndan' (to return/turn over) is what a native speaker would use. Learning these synonyms allows you to paint a clearer picture in the mind of your listener.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The word 'charkh' is a cognate of the English word 'wheel' and 'cycle', as well as the Sanskrit 'chakra'. All these words share the same ancient root meaning rotation.

发音指南

UK /tʃæɾxɒːnˈdæn/

US /tʃærxɑːnˈdæn/

On the final syllable: charkhān-DAN.

押韵词

خواندن (khwāndan) ماندن (māndan) راندن (rāndan) نشاندن (neshāndan) کشاندن (keshāndan) پوشاندن (pushāndan) ستاندن (setāndan) تکاندن (tekāndan)

常见错误

Pronouncing 'kh' as 'k'.
Putting stress on the first syllable.
Shortening the long 'ā' sound.
Confusing the 'ch' with 'sh'.
Missing the 'n' before 'd' in the past stem.

难度评级

阅读 2/5

Easy to recognize due to the root 'charkh'.

写作 3/5

Requires correct spelling of the 'kh' and the causative suffix.

口语 3/5

The 'kh' sound and long 'ā' require practice for English speakers.

听力 2/5

Distinctive sound makes it easy to pick out in sentences.

接下来学什么

前置知识

چرخ (Wheel) کردن (To do) دست (Hand) کلید (Key) را (Object marker)

接下来学习

چرخیدن (Intransitive turn) گرداندن (To circulate) پیچاندن (To twist) اداره کردن (To manage) حرکت دادن (To move)

高级

دوران (Revolution) محوریت (Centrality) انحراف (Deviation) استمرار (Continuity) تداوم (Persistence)

需要掌握的语法

Causative Verbs

Adding '-āndan' to a present stem creates a transitive/causative verb (e.g., ras- -> rasāndan).

Transitive vs Intransitive

Charkhidan (Intransitive) vs Charkhāndan (Transitive).

Object Marker 'rā'

Specific objects like 'kelid' (the key) must be followed by 'rā' when used with 'charkhāndan'.

Compound Verb Formation

While 'charkhāndan' is a simple verb, related concepts use 'kardan' or 'zadan' (e.g., charkh zadan).

Subjunctive Mood

Used after 'bāyad' (must) or 'shāyad' (maybe): 'Bāyad becharkhāni'.

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按水平分级的例句

من کلید را می‌چرخانم.

I turn the key.

Present continuous tense with direct object 'kelid'.

او سرش را چرخاند.

He turned his head.

Simple past tense.

صفحه را بچرخان.

Turn the page.

Imperative mood (command).

مادر قاشق را در سوپ می‌چرخاند.

Mother is stirring (turning) the spoon in the soup.

Transitive use of the verb.

بچه فرفره را چرخاند.

The child spun the pinwheel.

Simple past tense.

آیا می‌توانی این دستگیره را بچرخانی؟

Can you turn this knob?

Question using 'tavānestan' (can) + subjunctive.

او عکس را در گوشی چرخاند.

She rotated the photo on the phone.

Modern digital context.

ما چرخ را چرخاندیم.

We turned the wheel.

First person plural, past tense.

راننده فرمان را به سمت چپ چرخاند.

The driver turned the steering wheel to the left.

Specific vocabulary 'farmān' (steering wheel).

او برای دیدن من، صندلی‌اش را چرخاند.

He turned his chair to see me.

Purpose clause with 'barāye'.

آشپز گوشت را روی کباب‌پز می‌چرخاند.

The cook turns the meat on the grill.

Habitual present tense.

او با مهارت توپ را روی انگشتش می‌چرخاند.

He skillfully spins the ball on his finger.

Adverbial phrase 'bā mahārat' (skillfully).

باید پیچ را به آرامی بچرخانی.

You must turn the screw slowly.

Modal 'bāyad' + subjunctive.

او کلید را در قفل چرخاند اما در باز نشد.

He turned the key in the lock but the door didn't open.

Compound sentence with 'ammā' (but).

آن‌ها چرخ‌وفلک را می‌چرخاندند.

They were spinning the carousel.

Past continuous tense.

لطفاً این ظرف را بچرخان تا همه ببینند.

Please rotate this dish so everyone can see.

Polite imperative with 'lotfan'.

او به تنهایی تمام کارهای مغازه را می‌چرخاند.

He runs all the shop's affairs by himself.

Metaphorical use meaning 'to manage'.

مدیر موفق کسی است که بتواند چرخ شرکت را بچرخاند.

A successful manager is someone who can keep the company's wheel turning.

Idiomatic expression for management.

او سعی کرد بحث را به سمت دیگری بچرخاند.

He tried to turn the discussion in another direction.

Abstract use of rotation.

دولت تلاش می‌کند چرخ اقتصاد را بچرخاند.

The government is trying to turn the wheel of the economy.

Common political/economic idiom.

او با چرخاندن زبانش، همه را متقاعد کرد.

With his eloquence (turning of the tongue), he convinced everyone.

Gerund-like use of 'charkhāndan'.

چرخاندن این دستگاه بزرگ کار ساده‌ای نیست.

Turning (operating) this large machine is not an easy task.

Infinitive as the subject of the sentence.

او هر روز صبح با چرخاندن تسبیح، ذکر می‌گوید.

Every morning, he recites prayers while turning his prayer beads.

Cultural context of 'tasbih'.

آیا می‌توانی این پیچ پیچیده را بچرخانی؟

Can you turn this complicated screw?

Adjective-noun agreement.

نیروی آب، توربین‌های سد را می‌چرخاند.

The force of the water turns the dam's turbines.

Scientific/Technical context.

او با مهارتی خاص، افکار عمومی را به نفع خود چرخاند.

With a special skill, he turned public opinion in his favor.

Manipulation of abstract concepts.

نویسنده با چرخاندن زاویه دید، داستان را جذاب‌تر کرد.

The writer made the story more interesting by shifting (turning) the point of view.

Literary terminology 'zāviye-ye did'.

چرخاندن سرمایه در بازار مسکن سود زیادی دارد.

Circulating (turning over) capital in the housing market is very profitable.

Financial term for capital turnover.

او با چرخاندن مچ دستش، توپ را به زیبایی پرتاب کرد.

By flicking (turning) his wrist, he threw the ball beautifully.

Anatomical precision.

این موتور الکتریکی می‌تواند محور را با سرعت بالا بچرخاند.

This electric motor can rotate the shaft at high speed.

Technical specification context.

او با چرخاندن یک دکمه، تمام سیستم را خاموش کرد.

With the turn of a single button, he turned off the entire system.

Cause and effect structure.

سیاستمداران اغلب واقعیت‌ها را به نفع خود می‌چرخانند.

Politicians often spin (turn) facts in their own favor.

Metaphorical 'spinning' of truth.

گردش روزگار، ورق را به نفع مظلومان خواهد چرخاند.

The turn of time will turn the page in favor of the oppressed.

Poetic and philosophical personification.

او با چرخاندن هوشمندانه مهره‌های شطرنج، حریف را مات کرد.

By cleverly maneuvering (turning) the chess pieces, he checkmated the opponent.

Strategic use of the verb.

چرخاندن چرخ دنده‌های عظیم این صنعت نیازمند تخصص است.

Turning the massive gears of this industry requires expertise.

Complex noun phrase as object.

او با چرخاندن نگاهش در اتاق، به دنبال سرنخی می‌گشت.

By scanning (turning) his gaze around the room, he was looking for a clue.

Abstract use for visual scanning.

نظام‌های استبدادی سعی در چرخاندن چرخ‌های تبلیغاتی خود دارند.

Autocratic systems try to keep their propaganda wheels turning.

Political science context.

او با چرخاندن قلم بر روی کاغذ، طرحی نو درانداخت.

By moving (turning) the pen on the paper, he created a new design.

High literary style.

چرخاندن مدیریت به سمت جوان‌گرایی، از اهداف این سازمان است.

Shifting (turning) management toward youthfulness is one of this organization's goals.

Abstract organizational shift.

او با چرخاندن مادیات به سمت معنویات، زندگی‌اش را تغییر داد.

By turning material things toward spiritual ones, he changed his life.

Philosophical/Ethical context.

او با چنان ظرافتی کلمات را می‌چرخاند که گویی جادو می‌کند.

He manipulates (turns) words with such elegance that it's as if he's performing magic.

Highest level of metaphorical mastery.

چرخاندن فلک به دست قدرت اوست که تدبیر جهان می‌کند.

The turning of the heavens is in the hand of His power, who manages the universe.

Classical theological/metaphysical register.

او با چرخاندن استراتژیک منابع، رقبای خود را از میدان به در کرد.

By strategically rotating resources, he forced his competitors out of the field.

Advanced business/military strategy.

در این جستار، نویسنده به چرخاندن مفاهیم سنتی و بازتعریف آن‌ها می‌پردازد.

In this essay, the author engages in turning (re-orienting) traditional concepts and redefining them.

Academic literary criticism register.

او با چرخاندن کلید واژه‌ها در سخنرانی‌اش، معنای جدیدی به متن بخشید.

By pivoting (turning) keywords in his speech, he gave a new meaning to the text.

Linguistic manipulation.

چرخاندن چرخه‌های زیستی در اکوسیستم‌های آسیب‌دیده، چالشی بزرگ است.

Rotating (restoring) biological cycles in damaged ecosystems is a major challenge.

Complex scientific ecological context.

او با چرخاندن دوربین، لایه‌های پنهان واقعیت را به تصویر کشید.

By panning (turning) the camera, he depicted the hidden layers of reality.

Artistic/Cinematic context.

چرخاندن سرنوشت یک ملت، نیازمند اراده‌ای پولادین است.

Turning the fate of a nation requires a will of steel.

Epic/Historical register.

常见搭配

چرخاندن کلید

چرخاندن فرمان

چرخاندن چرخ اقتصاد

چرخاندن سر

چرخاندن مغازه

چرخاندن پیچ

چرخاندن صفحه

چرخاندن دوربین

چرخاندن مچ

چرخاندن تاس

常用短语

چرخاندن زندگی

— To manage the expenses and affairs of daily life.

در این شرایط، چرخاندن زندگی سخت است.

چرخاندن زبان

— To speak fluently or to manipulate words.

او در چرخاندن زبان استاد است.

چرخاندن چشم

— To roll one's eyes or to look around quickly.

او چشمانش را با تعجب چرخاند.

چرخاندن لقمه

— To chew food or metaphorically to complicate a simple matter.

چرا لقمه را دور سرت می‌چرخانی؟ (Why do you do it the hard way?)

چرخاندن ورق

— To change the situation completely (turn the tables).

او با یک حرکت، ورق را به نفع خود چرخاند.

چرخاندن فرمان زندگی

— To take control of one's destiny.

او بالاخره فرمان زندگی‌اش را چرخاند.

چرخاندن چرخ‌های صنعت

— To keep industrial production going.

کارگران چرخ‌های صنعت را می‌چرخانند.

چرخاندن سر کسی

— To make someone dizzy or confused.

این همه سوال سر مرا چرخاند.

چرخاندن قلم

— To write skillfully or to edit a text.

او در چرخاندن قلم توانمند است.

چرخاندن میهمان

— To show a guest around and entertain them.

میهمان را در باغ چرخاندیم.

容易混淆的词

چرخاندن vs چرخیدن

Intransitive (to rotate on its own). Example: The fan turns.

چرخاندن vs پیچاندن

To twist or wind. Example: Twisting a screw or ditching a friend.

چرخاندن vs گرداندن

To circulate or manage. Very similar, but often more formal.

习语与表达

"لقمه را دور سر چرخاندن"

— To do something in an unnecessarily complicated or roundabout way.

مستقیم برو سر اصل مطلب، لقمه را دور سرت نچرخان.

Colloquial

"چرخ روزگار را چرخاندن"

— To survive or manage through the ups and downs of life.

هر طور شده چرخ روزگار را می‌چرخانیم.

Literary/Common

"زبان چرخاندن"

— To talk a lot, often to convince or deceive.

فقط زبان می‌چرخاند و عمل نمی‌کند.

Informal

"چرخ شرکت را چرخاندن"

— To be the primary person keeping a business operational.

اوست که واقعاً چرخ این شرکت را می‌چرخاند.

Professional

"سر چرخاندن"

— To look around or to notice something suddenly.

تا سر چرخاندیم، سال تمام شد.

Common

"ورق را چرخاندن"

— To change the outcome of a situation drastically.

تیم ما در نیمه دوم ورق را چرخاند.

Informal

"چرخ اقتصاد را چرخاندن"

— To maintain economic activity.

تولید ملی چرخ اقتصاد را می‌چرخاند.

Formal

"دوره چرخاندن"

— To pass a period of time or a cycle.

او دوران سربازی را به سختی چرخاند.

Informal

"چشم چرخاندن"

— To scan a place with one's eyes.

در کتابخانه چشمی چرخاند تا دوستش را ببیند.

Neutral

"گردن چرخاندن"

— To show pride or to look away in disdain.

او با بی‌اعتنایی گردن چرخاند.

Informal

容易混淆

چرخاندن vs چرخیدن

Both mean 'to turn'.

'Charkhāndan' is when YOU turn something. 'Charkhidan' is when something turns by itself.

I turn the wheel (charkhāndan). The wheel turns (charkhidan).

چرخاندن vs پیچاندن

Both involve circular motion.

'Pichāndan' is for twisting, winding, or tightening. 'Charkhāndan' is for general rotation.

You 'pichāndan' a screw, but you 'charkhāndan' a steering wheel.

چرخاندن vs گرداندن

Synonyms in management.

'Gardāndan' is often used for circulating objects or more formal management. 'Charkhāndan' is more physical.

Gardāndan-e nāmeh (circulating a letter) vs Charkhāndan-e kelid (turning a key).

چرخاندن vs چرخ کردن

Contains the word 'charkh'.

'Charkh kardan' specifically means to use a machine to grind or sew.

Charkh kardan-e gusht (grinding meat).

چرخاندن vs تاب دادن

Both involve movement around a point.

'Tāb dādan' is swinging or twirling (like a swing or hair). 'Charkhāndan' is rotation around an axis.

Tāb dādan-e mū (twirling hair).

句型

Man [Object] rā micharkhānam.

Man kelid rā micharkhānam.

Lotfan [Object] rā becharkhānid.

Lotfan farmān rā becharkhānid.

Ou [Organization] rā khub micharkhānad.

Ou khāne rā khub micharkhānad.

Bāyad [Object] rā be samt-e [Direction] becharkhāni.

Bāyad pich rā be samt-e rast becharkhāni.

Charkhāndan-e [Concept] kār-e doshvāri ast.

Charkhāndan-e eqtesād kār-e doshvāri ast.

Ou bā [Action], varaq rā be naf-e khod charkhānd.

Ou bā yek harakat, varaq rā be naf-e khod charkhānd.

Nabāyad [Object] rā tond becharkhāni.

Nabāyad charkh rā tond becharkhāni.

Sây kardam bahs rā becharkhānam.

Sa'y kardam bahs rā becharkhānam.

词族

名词

چرخ (wheel/cycle)

چرخش (rotation)

چرخنده (rotator/gear)

چرخ‌وفلک (carousel/ferris wheel)

چرخ‌دنده (gear)

动词

چرخیدن (to rotate - intransitive)

چرخ زدن (to spin/wander)

چرخ کردن (to grind/sew)

形容词

چرخان (rotating)

چرخی (wheeled)

چرخ‌دار (having wheels)

如何使用

frequency

High (Top 1000 Persian verbs)

常见错误

Using 'charkhāndan' for 'turning left/right' in a car. → پیچیدن (pichidan)
You turn (pichidan) at an intersection, but you rotate (charkhāndan) the steering wheel.
Saying 'Zamin micharkhānad' (The Earth turns [something]). → زمین می‌چرخد (Zamin micharkhad)
The Earth rotates itself (intransitive), so use 'charkhidan'.
Omitting 'rā' with a definite object. → کلید را چرخاند (Kelid rā charkhānd)
'Charkhāndan' is transitive and requires an object marker for specific nouns.
Confusing 'charkhāndan' with 'charkh kardan'. → گوشت را چرخ کرد (Gusht rā charkh kard)
'Charkh kardan' is for grinding meat or using a sewing machine; 'charkhāndan' is for rotation.
Using 'charkhāndan' for flipping a pancake. → برگرداندن (bargardāndan)
'Bargardāndan' specifically means to turn over or return; 'charkhāndan' is for rotation around an axis.

小贴士

The Causative Suffix

The '-āndan' suffix is a powerful tool in Persian. By learning 'charkhāndan', you are also learning the pattern for other verbs like 'rasāndan' (to cause to arrive/deliver) and 'khandāndan' (to make someone laugh).

Root Recognition

Always look for 'charkh' (wheel). If you see it in a word, the meaning is almost certainly related to circles, rotation, or cycles.

Driving Context

When driving, use 'charkhāndan' for the wheel (farmān) and 'pichidan' for the street (khiyābān).

The 'Charkh' Sound

The 'kh' sound is like the sound a wheel makes on gravel. Use that auditory association to remember the word.

Management Style

In Iran, saying someone 'can turn the wheel' (charkh rā micharkhānad) is a high compliment for their practical management skills.

Digital Life

In apps, the 'rotate' icon is translated as 'چرخش' (charkhesh) and the action as 'چرخاندن'.

Active vs Passive

If you are the boss, you 'charkhāndan' the project. If you are just a part of it, you 'charkhidan' with the project.

Stress Matters

Always stress the 'DAN' at the end of the infinitive. If you stress the beginning, it might sound like a different word form.

Object Marker

Never forget 'rā' when turning a specific thing. 'Kelid charkhāndam' sounds like 'I wheel-turned key'—broken and unclear.

Metaphorical Shifts

Use 'charkhāndan-e bahs' to sound sophisticated in meetings when you want to change the topic.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of a 'CHART' on a 'WHEEL'. To make the 'CHART' move, you must 'CHAR-KH-ANDAN' it. It sounds like 'Charkh' (wheel) + 'and' (action).

视觉联想

Imagine a giant wooden wheel from an old water mill. You are pushing it with all your might to make it turn. That action of pushing to rotate is 'charkhāndan'.

Word Web

Wheel Rotate Manage Turn Key Steering Cycle Spin

挑战

Try to find five objects in your room that you can 'charkhāndan' (turn) and say the Persian sentence for each: 'Man [object] rā micharkhānam'.

词源

Derived from the Middle Persian 'charx' (wheel), which traces back to the Proto-Indo-European root '*kʷel-' (to turn, move around). The suffix '-āndan' is the standard Persian causative marker.

原始含义： To cause a wheel to move; to set a cycle in motion.

Indo-European -> Indo-Iranian -> Iranian -> Persian.

文化背景

No specific sensitivities, but be aware that 'pichāndan' (a synonym) can mean 'to lie' or 'to ditch', whereas 'charkhāndan' is generally neutral.

While English uses 'turn' for both transitive and intransitive (The wheel turns / I turn the wheel), Persian strictly separates them. This is a key grammatical difference to master.

The concept of 'Charkh-e Falak' in the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam. The spinning dance of the Whirling Dervishes (Sama). The 'Charkh-e Eqtesād' (Wheel of Economy) in Iranian political discourse.

在生活中练习

真实语境

Driving

فرمان را بچرخان
پیچ را رد کردن
دور زدن
دنده عوض کردن

Cooking

هم زدن
کباب را چرخاندن
شعله را کم کردن
در قابلمه

Business

مدیریت کردن
سود و زیان
چرخاندن امور
سرمایه‌گذاری

Technical

چرخ‌دنده
محور دوران
سرعت چرخش
روغن‌کاری

Social

مهمان‌نوازی
شهرگردی
تعارف کردن
نشون دادن

对话开场白

"چطور می‌توانی در این ترافیک فرمان را اینقدر سریع بچرخانی؟"

"آیا تا به حال سعی کرده‌ای یک کسب‌وکار کوچک را بچرخانی؟"

"می‌توانی به من یاد بدهی چطور توپ را روی انگشتم بچرخانم؟"

"به نظر تو بهترین راه برای چرخاندن چرخ اقتصاد چیست؟"

"چرا همیشه لقمه را دور سرت می‌چرخانی و مستقیم حرف نمی‌زنی؟"

日记主题

امروز چه کارهای مهمی را در زندگی‌تان چرخاندید و مدیریت کردید؟

یک خاطره از زمانی که کنترل چیزی (مثل فرمان ماشین) را در دست داشتید بنویسید.

اگر می‌توانستید چرخ سرنوشت را بچرخانید، چه چیزی را تغییر می‌دادید؟

توصیف کنید که چگونه یک مدیر خوب می‌تواند یک تیم را به درستی بچرخاند.

درباره اهمیت چرخش و حرکت در طبیعت (مثل زمین و فصل‌ها) بنویسید.

常见问题

10 个问题

It is a regular causative verb. The past stem is 'charkhānd' and the present stem is 'charkhān'. You follow standard conjugation rules for both.

No, for turning a corner, Persians use 'pichidan' (to turn/twist). 'Charkhāndan' is used for turning the steering wheel itself.

You say 'Edāreh rā charkhāndan' or 'Kāsebī rā charkhāndan'. It implies keeping the operations moving.

'Charkh zadan' means to wander around or to spin yourself. 'Charkhāndan' means to rotate an external object.

Yes, 'charkhāndan-e aks' is the standard way to say 'rotating a photo' on a computer or phone.

Yes, for spinning a ball, rotating a bat, or any action where an athlete rotates an piece of equipment.

In spoken Tehrani Persian, it often becomes 'charkhūndan' (changing the 'ā' to 'ū').

Not directly, but 'pichāndan' (to twist) is very common for deception. 'Charkhāndan' usually remains more literal or managerial.

'Safhe rā becharkhān' or 'Safhe rā bargardān'. Both are understood, but 'bargardān' is more common for physical pages.

Yes, 'charkhesh' is the noun meaning 'rotation' or 'turn'.

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