用你的语言查看此页面

English

فارسی

العربية

Deutsch

Español

Français

日本語

한국어

Português

हिन्दी

B1 noun #4,500 最常用 10分钟阅读

غبار

ghobar 前4,500

开始练习例句笔记与提示 غبار 30秒了解

解析 غبار in your Level:

At the A1 level, you only need to know that غبار (ghobār) means 'dust' in the air. You might see it in very simple weather descriptions. Think of it as the stuff that makes the air look a bit brown or dirty. You don't need to use it in complex ways. Just remember: هوا غبار دارد (The air has dust). It is a noun. It is different from 'soil' (khāk) because it is very light and flies in the wind. When you see a picture of a desert with a brown sky, that is غبار. You might hear a teacher say 'روی میز غبار است' (There is dust on the table), although they will more likely use the word 'gard'. Just think of it as a 'cloud of tiny dirt'. It is pronounced like 'gho-baar' with a soft gargle at the start. At this stage, just recognize the word when you see it in a book about nature or the environment.

免费注册阅读完整解释

At the A2 level, you can start using غبار to describe the weather or why you are coughing. You should know the adjective غبارآلود (ghobār-ālud), which means 'dusty' or 'hazy.' For example: امروز هوا غبارآلود است (Today the weather is dusty). You can also use it with the verb نشستن (to sit/settle). غبار روی پنجره نشست (Dust settled on the window). You are beginning to see the difference between 'gard' (small dust) and 'ghobar' (haze/fine dust). If you are traveling in Iran and the sky is not clear because of sand in the air, you can tell your friends: به خاطر غبار نمی‌توانم کوه را ببینم (I cannot see the mountain because of the dust). This level is about using the word in practical, everyday physical descriptions of your surroundings.

免费注册阅读完整解释

At the B1 level, you should understand the environmental and social context of غبار. In Iran, 'گرد و غبار' (dust and haze) is a major news topic. You should be able to understand news headlines about air quality. You also start to see the word in more formal writing. You can use it to describe things that haven't been touched for a long time: این کتاب‌ها زیر غبار مانده‌اند (These books have remained under the dust). You should also be aware of the verb غبارروبی کردن (to dust/clean) in a ceremonial or formal sense. At this level, you are expected to know that غبار is a bit more 'serious' than 'gard'. If you are talking about pollution in a city, غبار is the right word. You should also be able to use it in basic metaphors, like 'the dust of time,' though you might not use them perfectly yet.

At the B2 level, you can use غبار in metaphorical and literary contexts. You understand that it doesn't just mean physical particles, but can represent a 'veil' or 'obscurity.' You can talk about غبارِ غم (the dust of sorrow) or غبارِ خاطر (a grudge or mental disturbance). You should be comfortable using the word in discussions about Persian poetry or history. For example, تاریخ ایران در غبار زمان گم شده است (The history of Iran is lost in the dust of time). You also understand technical terms like ریزگرد (micro-dust/aerosols) and how they relate to غبار. Your vocabulary is now precise enough to choose غبار over 'gard' to sound more professional or poetic. You can describe visibility issues in aviation or driving using this term accurately.

免费注册阅读完整解释

At the C1 level, you have a deep appreciation for the nuances of غبار in classical literature. You can analyze how poets like Hafez use the 'dust of the path' to represent the humble state of the lover. You understand the philosophical implications of the word—how it represents the material world that obscures the spiritual truth. You can use the word in complex sentence structures, such as غبارِ کدورت را از دل زدودن (to cleanse the dust of resentment from the heart). You are also familiar with the ritualistic and political uses of the word, such as the 'ghobar-rubi' of shrines by political leaders. Your use of the word is indistinguishable from a native speaker's in terms of register—you know exactly when to be literal and when to be metaphorical.

免费注册阅读完整解释

At the C2 level, you master the word غبار as a tool for sophisticated expression. You can engage in academic debates about environmental policy using terms like کانون‌های تولید غبار (centers of dust production). Simultaneously, you can interpret the most obscure Sufi metaphors where غبار represents the very existence of the 'self' that hides the 'Creator.' You understand the etymological roots and how the word has evolved in the Persian lexicon compared to its Arabic origin. You can write essays or poems where the word غبار serves as a central motif, playing with its sounds and its many layers of meaning. You recognize the word's presence in various Persian dialects and its subtle shifts in meaning across the Persian-speaking world (Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan).

免费注册阅读完整解释

开始练习例句笔记与提示

غبار 30秒了解

Atmospheric dust or haze.
Used for weather and environmental issues.
Common in poetry as a metaphor for grief or time.
Distinguished from 'gard' (household dust).

The Persian word غبار (ghobār) is a sophisticated and evocative noun that primarily refers to fine particles of matter, such as dust, sand, or soot, that are suspended in the atmosphere. While often translated simply as 'dust' in English, it carries a much more atmospheric and sometimes poetic weight than the common Persian word for household dust, which is گرد (gard). When you use غبار, you are typically describing a state of the air—a haze, a mist of dry particles, or the lingering residue of a dust storm. In the modern Iranian context, this word has become unfortunately common in weather reports and daily conversation due to the increasing frequency of sandstorms and environmental issues in regions like Khuzestan and even Tehran.

Atmospheric Haze: In meteorological terms, غبار refers to the suspension of solid particles in the air that reduces visibility. Unlike fog (which is water-based), this is dry. It is the 'haze' you see on a hot summer day or the 'dust' that hangs in the air after a vehicle passes on a dirt road.
Literary and Emotional Weight: In classical Persian poetry, غبار is a powerful metaphor. It often represents the 'dust of grief' (غبارِ غم) that settles on the heart, or the 'dust of the road' (غبارِ راه) that signifies travel, longing, or the passage of time. It suggests something that obscures clarity or beauty.

آسمان شهر امروز با غبار غلیظی پوشیده شده است.
The city sky is covered with thick dust/haze today.

To understand the nuance, imagine the difference between the dust you wipe off a bookshelf (that is gard) and the golden particles you see dancing in a beam of light in an old attic, or the brownish tint of the horizon during a windstorm—that is غبار. It is pervasive, ethereal, and often difficult to escape. In urban planning and health discussions, you will hear about ریزگردها (micro-dust), which is a specific type of غبار that causes respiratory issues. Linguistically, it is a loanword from Arabic, but it has been fully integrated into Persian for over a millennium, appearing in the works of Hafez and Rumi with profound symbolic meaning. For a learner, mastering this word means moving beyond basic physical descriptions into the realm of environmental observation and higher-level literature.

باید غبار را از آینه پاک کنیم تا چهره‌ی واقعی خود را ببینیم.
We must wipe the dust from the mirror to see our true face.

Using غبار correctly requires understanding its role as a noun and the specific verbs it collocates with. Because it describes a substance that can settle, rise, or obscure, the verbs used with it are quite specific. In everyday Persian, you will find it in descriptive sentences about the weather, but also in more abstract discussions about history and memory. It is a mass noun, meaning it doesn't typically take a plural form when referring to the substance itself, though in very specific poetic contexts, one might see variations.

With 'Settling' Verbs: The verb نشستن (neshastan - to sit/settle) is the most common partner. 'Ghobar neshast' means the dust settled. Example: غبار روی کتاب‌ها نشسته بود (Dust had settled on the books).
With 'Rising' Verbs: The verb برخاستن (barkhastan - to rise) or بلند شدن (boland shodan) describes dust being kicked up. Example: با عبور اسب‌ها، غباری از جاده برخاست (With the passage of the horses, a cloud of dust rose from the road).

پنجره را ببند تا غبار وارد اتاق نشود.
Close the window so the dust doesn't enter the room.

In a grammatical sense, غبار can be modified by adjectives to describe its intensity. غبارِ غلیظ (thick dust/haze) and غبارِ نرم (fine dust) are common pairings. Furthermore, it is frequently used in the Ezafe construction to create compound concepts. For instance, غبارِ زمان (the dust of time) refers to how things fade or become forgotten as years pass. Another important usage is the adjective غبارآلود (ghobār-ālud), meaning 'dusty' or 'hazy,' which is used to describe the air or a room. If you want to say the weather is hazy, you say: هوا غبارآلود است.

پس از سال‌ها، غبار فراموشی بر این خاطرات نشسته است.
After many years, the dust of forgetfulness has settled on these memories.

When writing, remember that غبار is generally more formal than gard. If you are writing a letter, a news report, or a poem, غبار is the preferred choice. If you are telling someone to clean their room, you would likely use گردگیری کردن (gard-giri kardan - to dust). However, if that room has been abandoned for decades and there is a thick, atmospheric layer of particles everywhere, غبار becomes appropriate even in casual speech to emphasize the intensity and the 'weight' of the air.

If you live in or visit Iran, particularly the central and southern provinces, you will encounter غبار in several distinct contexts. The most frequent is the daily weather forecast. With the environmental challenges of the 21st century, 'dust' has become a standard part of the meteorological vocabulary. You will hear phrases like پدیده گرد و غبار (the phenomenon of dust and haze) mentioned on the evening news almost daily during the dry seasons. This refers to the massive plumes of dust that blow in from neighboring countries or from dried-out wetlands within Iran.

News and Media: News anchors will say: 'میزان غبار در هوا به ده برابر حد مجاز رسیده است' (The amount of dust in the air has reached ten times the permissible limit). This is a very common 'B1-B2' level sentence you’d hear on IRIB or read in newspapers like Hamshahri.
Classical Music and Poetry: Persian classical music (Avaz) often features lyrics from the great poets. You might hear a singer lamenting the 'ghobar' that hides the beloved from view. Here, it is used to mean an obstacle or a veil of sadness.

هواشناسی درباره ورود توده‌ی جدید غبار هشدار داد.
The weather bureau warned about the arrival of a new mass of dust.

In a religious or spiritual context, غبار appears during the ceremony of غبارروبی (ghobār-rubi - dust-sweeping). This is a ritual cleaning of holy shrines, such as the shrine of Imam Reza in Mashhad. It is a highly publicized event where high-ranking officials and clerics use rosewater and silk cloths to wipe the 'ghobar' from the tomb. In this context, the dust itself is seen as 'tabarruk' (blessed) because it has settled on a sacred place. You might hear people on the street talking about the 'ghobar' of the shrine with great reverence, contrasting sharply with the 'ghobar' of a polluted city street.

مراسم غبارروبی حرم مطهر فردا برگزار می‌شود.
The ceremony of dusting the holy shrine will be held tomorrow.

Finally, in the academic world, particularly in history or archeology, professors use غبار to talk about the 'obscurity' of the past. If a historical fact is unclear, they might say it is 'under the dust of history' (زیر غبار تاریخ). This usage implies that the truth is there, but it has been covered by the layers of time and needs to be carefully uncovered. Whether in a dusty Khuzestani afternoon or a high-brow academic lecture, the word serves as a bridge between the physical world of particles and the metaphysical world of hidden truths.

For English speakers learning Persian, the most frequent mistake is the over-reliance on غبار when they actually mean simple household dirt or dust. While غبار is a type of dust, it is not the word you use for the crumbs on your floor or the dirt on your shoes. Using it in those contexts sounds overly dramatic or poetic, like saying 'a haze of matter has descended upon my kitchen tiles' instead of 'my kitchen floor is dirty.'

Confusing 'Gard' and 'Ghobar': Use گرد (gard) for the dust you clean with a cloth. Use غبار for the dust that makes the air look brown or hazy. Mistakenly saying 'باید غبارِ میز را پاک کنم' (I must clean the haze of the table) is technically understandable but sounds very odd.
Confusing with 'Dud' (Smoke): In polluted cities like Tehran, people often confuse دود (smoke/smog) with غبار. While smog contains dust, دود specifically implies combustion (cars, factories), whereas غبار implies earth, sand, or fine solid particles.

اشتباه: کفش‌هایم غباری هستند.
درست: کفش‌هایم خاکی هستند.
Wrong: My shoes are 'hazy/dusty'. Right: My shoes are 'earthy/dirty'.

Another mistake involves the pronunciation. The first letter is Ghayn (غ), which is a voiced uvular fricative. English speakers often pronounce it like a hard English 'G' (as in 'go'). If you say 'Gobar' with a hard G, it might be misunderstood or sound very foreign. It requires the 'gargling' sound from the back of the throat. Practicing this sound is essential for being understood when talking about environmental issues or reading poetry.

Lastly, learners sometimes struggle with the 'Ezafe' construction when using this word metaphorically. They might say 'غبارِ دل' (dust of the heart) but use it in a way that implies physical dirtiness. Remember that in Persian, غبار on the heart or mind always implies a psychological state—resentment, sadness, or confusion—never actual physical lack of hygiene. If your heart is physically dirty, you’d need a doctor, not a poet!

Persian has a rich vocabulary for describing particles and atmospheric conditions. Choosing the right word instead of غبار can make your Persian sound much more natural and precise. Depending on the size of the particle and where it is located, you have several options.

گرد (Gard): This is the most common synonym. It refers to general dust. It is often paired with غبار as a compound: گرد و غبار. While gard is the physical powder, غبار is the state of it being in the air.
خاک (Khāk): This means 'soil' or 'earth.' If a windstorm brings actual sand and dirt that covers cars and streets, people often just say 'خاک آمد' (the earth/dust came). It is more grounded and physical than the ethereal غبار.
مه (Meh): Meaning 'fog.' While غبار is dry, meh is wet. However, from a distance, they can look similar. In poetic descriptions of mountains, a poet might use either to describe the obscuring of the peak.

تفاوت غبار و دود در منشأ آن‌هاست.
The difference between 'ghobar' and 'smoke' is in their origin.

For technical or scientific contexts, you might encounter ذرات معلق (zarrāt-e mo'allaq), which translates to 'suspended particles.' This is the term used by environmental scientists to discuss AQI (Air Quality Index). If you are reading a formal report on pollution, this is the 'grown-up' version of غبار. Another interesting alternative is عج (aj) in some dialects, though that is very rare. In literary Persian, you might also see هبا (habā), which specifically refers to the tiny dust motes visible only in a sunbeam—a beautiful and very specific alternative.

When you want to describe the act of cleaning, you have زدودن (zodudan), a formal verb meaning 'to wipe away' or 'to cleanse.' It is often used with غبار. For example, زدودن غبار از آینه (cleansing the dust from the mirror). This sounds much more elegant than the everyday pak kardan (to clean/wipe). By using these alternatives, you can tailor your speech to be either scientifically accurate, everyday-practical, or classically beautiful.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

In Persian poetry, 'ghobar' is often used to describe the physical body as a 'dust' that temporarily covers the eternal soul.

发音指南

UK /ʁo.bɑːɾ/

US /ɣo.bɑːr/

The stress is on the second syllable: gho-BĀR.

押韵词

بهار (Bahār) سوار (Savār) یار (Yār) کنار (Kenār) تار (Tār) مار (Mār) قرار (Qarār) شکار (Shekār)

常见错误

Pronouncing 'gh' as a hard English 'g'.
Pronouncing the 'o' like the 'o' in 'go' (it should be short).
Missing the rolling 'r' at the end.

难度评级

阅读 3/5

The word itself is easy, but its metaphorical use in literature can be tricky.

写作 4/5

Spelling 'ghayn' (غ) correctly and using it in Ezafe constructions requires practice.

口语 5/5

The 'gh' sound is one of the hardest for English speakers to master.

听力 3/5

Clearly distinguishable in news reports due to its common usage.

接下来学什么

前置知识

هوا (Air) خاک (Soil) پاک کردن (To clean) نشستن (To sit/settle) آسمان (Sky)

接下来学习

آلودگی (Pollution) محیط زیست (Environment) شفاف (Transparent) کدورت (Opacity/Resentment) ذره (Particle)

高级

عجاج (Swirling dust) هبا (Dust motes) تار (Dark/Obscure) زدودن (To cleanse) منشأ (Origin)

需要掌握的语法

Ezafe Construction

غبارِ راه (ghobār-e rāh)

Adjective Suffix -ālud

غبارآلود (ghobār-ālud)

Compound Verbs with 'Kardan'

غبارروبی کردن

Preposition 'Az' with 'Takandan'

غبار را از لباس تکاندن

Pluralizing Abstract Nouns

غبارها (referring to different instances of haze)

免费注册阅读完整解释

按水平分级的例句

هوا غبار دارد.

The air has dust.

Simple subject-verb-object structure.

روی میز غبار است.

There is dust on the table.

Using 'ghobar' as a noun for visible dust.

من غبار را نمی‌بینم.

I do not see the dust.

Negative present tense.

پنجره غبار دارد.

The window has dust.

Noun 'ghobar' acting as an object.

غبار بد است.

Dust is bad.

Simple adjective-noun pairing.

این غبار است؟

Is this dust?

Simple question form.

آسمان و غبار.

Sky and dust.

Simple conjunction.

غبار در اتاق است.

Dust is in the room.

Prepositional phrase 'dar otagh'.

امروز هوا خیلی غبارآلود است.

Today the weather is very dusty/hazy.

Using the adjective 'ghobar-alud'.

غبار روی ماشین من نشسته است.

Dust has settled on my car.

Verb 'neshastan' in the past participle form.

او غبار را از روی کتاب پاک کرد.

He/She wiped the dust off the book.

Past tense of 'pak kardan'.

به خاطر غبار، چشم‌هایم می‌سوزد.

Because of the dust, my eyes are burning.

Using 'be khatere' to show cause.

آیا در شهر شما غبار زیاد است؟

Is there a lot of dust in your city?

Interrogative sentence with 'aya'.

بعد از طوفان، همه جا پر از غبار شد.

After the storm, everywhere became full of dust.

'Por az' (full of) construction.

غبار برای سلامتی ضرر دارد.

Dust is harmful to health.

'Baraye' (for) preposition.

من از غبار متنفرم.

I hate dust.

Verb 'motenafer budan' with the preposition 'az'.

پدیده گرد و غبار باعث تعطیلی مدارس شد.

The phenomenon of dust and haze caused schools to close.

Formal compound 'gard o ghobar'.

غبار غلیظی فضای شهر را پوشانده است.

A thick dust has covered the city's atmosphere.

Adjective 'ghaliz' (thick) and verb 'pushandan'.

باید غبار را از آینه‌ی دل بزداییم.

We must cleanse the dust from the mirror of the heart.

Metaphorical usage and formal verb 'zodudan'.

ماسک بزن تا غبار وارد ریه‌هایت نشود.

Wear a mask so the dust doesn't enter your lungs.

Imperative 'mask bezan' and 'ta' (so that).

این عکس قدیمی زیر غبار زمان زرد شده است.

This old photo has turned yellow under the dust of time.

Compound 'ghobar-e zaman' (dust of time).

شدت غبار در جنوب کشور بیشتر است.

The intensity of dust is higher in the south of the country.

Noun 'sheddat' (intensity).

غبار محلی دید رانندگان را کاهش داد.

Local haze reduced the drivers' visibility.

Technical term 'did' (visibility).

او غبار لباسش را تکاند.

He shook the dust off his clothes.

Verb 'takandan' (to shake/dust off).

غبارِ کدورت نباید میان دوستان باقی بماند.

The dust of resentment should not remain between friends.

Abstract noun 'kodurat' (resentment/cloudiness).

هنرمند سعی کرد غبار فراموشی را از این هنر سنتی پاک کند.

The artist tried to wipe the dust of forgetfulness from this traditional art.

Complex object 'ghobar-e faramushi'.

با وزش باد، غباری عظیم از دشت برخاست.

With the blowing of the wind, a massive dust rose from the plain.

Prepositional phrase 'ba vazesh-e bad'.

در اشعار حافظ، غبار راه نشانه ارادت است.

In Hafez's poems, the dust of the road is a sign of devotion.

Literary analysis context.

تغییرات اقلیمی باعث افزایش طوفان‌های غبار شده است.

Climate change has caused an increase in dust storms.

Scientific/Environmental context.

او با لحنی غمگین از غبار پیری سخن گفت.

He spoke of the dust of old age with a sad tone.

Metaphor 'ghobar-e piri'.

شفافیت شیشه زیر لایه‌ای از غبار پنهان بود.

The transparency of the glass was hidden under a layer of dust.

Noun 'shafafiyat' (transparency).

دولت برای مقابله با ریزگردها و غبار برنامه‌ریزی می‌کند.

The government is planning to combat micro-dust and haze.

Verb 'moqabele kardan' (to combat/confront).

غبارِ برخاسته از ویرانه‌ها، آسمان شهر را تیره و تار کرد.

The dust rising from the ruins turned the city sky dark and gloomy.

Participial phrase 'barkhaste az viraneha'.

در عرفان، منِ انسان غباری است که چهره‌ی حق را می‌پوشاند.

In mysticism, the human 'ego' is a dust that covers the face of the Truth.

Philosophical/Sufi terminology.

نویسنده در این رمان، غبار از چهره‌ی وقایع تاریخی می‌زداید.

In this novel, the author cleanses the dust from the face of historical events.

Elegant verb 'zodudan'.

هیچ غباری نمی‌تواند درخشش حقیقت را برای همیشه پنهان کند.

No dust can hide the brilliance of truth forever.

Strong negation 'hich... nemitavanad'.

او غبارِ راهِ سفر را سرمه‌ی چشم خود کرد.

He made the dust of the journey's road the kohl of his eyes (a sign of deep respect).

Idiomatic/Poetic expression of devotion.

بررسی میکروسکوپی غبار نشان‌دهنده‌ی منشأ معدنی آن است.

Microscopic examination of the dust indicates its mineral origin.

Academic/Scientific register.

سکوت خانه را لایه‌ای ضخیم از غبار و تنهایی فرا گرفته بود.

A thick layer of dust and loneliness had enveloped the silence of the house.

Personification and atmospheric description.

منتقدان معتقدند که غبارِ زمان بر ارزش این اثر هنری افزوده است.

Critics believe that the dust of time has added to the value of this artwork.

Complex subordinate clause.

در تلاطم حوادث، غبارِ ابهام بر واقعیت‌های سیاسی سایه افکنده است.

In the turbulence of events, the dust of ambiguity has cast a shadow over political realities.

Sophisticated metaphor 'sayeh afkandan'.

عارفی فرمود: هستیِ تو همان غباری است که مانع رویت خورشید معرفت می‌شود.

A mystic said: Your existence is that very dust which prevents the seeing of the sun of gnosis.

Classical prose style.

پدیده‌ی فرسایش خاک، کانون‌های بحرانی تولید غبار را در منطقه گسترش داده است.

The phenomenon of soil erosion has expanded the critical centers of dust production in the region.

Technical environmental terminology.

او با دقتی وسواس‌گونه، غبارِ ریزترین تردیدها را از ذهن خود می‌تکاند.

With obsessive precision, he shakes the dust of the smallest doubts from his mind.

Adverbial phrase 'ba deqqati vasvas-gune'.

غبارِ فقر و محرومیت بر چهره‌ی روستاهای دورافتاده نشسته بود.

The dust of poverty and deprivation had settled on the face of the remote villages.

Social commentary using metaphor.

در این پژوهش، تأثیر غبار بر میزان جذب تابش خورشیدی واکاوی شده است.

In this research, the impact of dust on the amount of solar radiation absorption has been analyzed.

Advanced academic verb 'vakavi shodan'.

هرگز اجازه نده غبارِ عادت، شور و اشتیاق زندگی را در تو خاموش کند.

Never let the dust of habit extinguish the passion and zest for life within you.

Imperative with abstract noun 'adat' (habit).

نقاش با ضربات قلم‌مو، رقص غبار در نور را به تصویر کشیده است.

The painter, with brushstrokes, has depicted the dance of dust in the light.

Artistic description.

常见搭配

گرد و غبار

غبار غلیظ

غبار نشستن

غبارروبی کردن

غبارآلود بودن

غبار زمان

توده غبار

غبار غم

منشأ غبار

ذرات غبار

常用短语

غبار راه

— The dust of the road, signifying a long journey.

غبار راه بر تنش بود.

غبار خاطر

— Mental disturbance or a slight grudge.

نمی‌خواهم غبار خاطری برایت ایجاد کنم.

غبار نشاندن

— To settle the dust (literal or figurative).

باران غبار را نشاند.

زیر غبار فراموشی

— Forgotten over time.

این داستان زیر غبار فراموشی رفته است.

غبار آلودگی

— Pollution haze.

غبار آلودگی شهر را خفه کرد.

پاک کردن غبار

— To clean dust.

غبار را از شیشه پاک کن.

برخاستن غبار

— The rising of dust.

غبار از جاده برخاست.

غبار مرگ

— The stillness or silence of death.

غبار مرگ بر شهر سایه افکند.

غبار صبحگاهی

— Morning haze.

غبار صبحگاهی دشت را پوشانده بود.

غبار محلی

— Local dust/haze in weather reports.

پیش‌بینی غبار محلی برای فردا.

容易混淆的词

غبار vs گرد (Gard)

Gard is for household dust; Ghobar is for atmospheric haze.

غبار vs خاک (Khak)

Khak is soil/earth; Ghobar is fine particles in the air.

غبار vs دود (Dud)

Dud is smoke; Ghobar is dust particles.

习语与表达

"غبار به پا کردن"

— To cause a commotion or create a big fuss.

او با حرف‌هایش غباری به پا کرد.

informal

"غبار از دل زدودن"

— To forgive or to clear one's mind of sadness.

باید غبار از دل بزداییم و شاد باشیم.

literary

"غبار راه کسی شدن"

— To be humble or devoted to someone (very poetic).

من غبار راه تو هستم.

poetic

"غبار شدن و رفتن"

— To vanish quickly or become insignificant.

آرزوهایش غبار شد و رفت.

informal

"چشم در غبار داشتن"

— To be confused or unable to see the truth.

او چشم در غبار داشت و حقیقت را ندید.

literary

"غبار بر آینه نشستن"

— For something to lose its clarity or purity.

غبار بر آینه دوستی‌شان نشست.

poetic

"بی‌گرد و غبار"

— Without any trouble or perfectly clean/clear.

معامله‌ای بی‌گرد و غبار انجام دادیم.

neutral

"غبار خوردن"

— To be neglected or left unused for a long time.

این ماشین در پارکینگ غبار می‌خورد.

neutral

"غبار از رخ شستن"

— To refresh oneself after a hard time or journey.

او غبار از رخ شست و دوباره شروع کرد.

literary

"در غبار ماندن"

— To be left behind or to remain in obscurity.

نام او در غبار تاریخ ماند.

neutral

容易混淆

غبار vs عبور

Sounds similar.

Obur means 'passing' or 'crossing'; Ghobar means 'dust'.

عبور از جاده سخت است / غبار در جاده زیاد است.

غبار vs غار

Starts with the same sound.

Ghar means 'cave'; Ghobar is 'dust'.

ما به غار رفتیم / غبار همه جا را گرفت.

غبار vs غبارآلود

Is it a noun or adjective?

Ghobar is the noun (dust); Ghobar-alud is the adjective (dusty).

هوا غبارآلود است.

غبار vs گردگیری

Related to cleaning.

Gard-giri is the act of cleaning household dust; Ghobar-rubi is a ceremonial or formal dusting.

من مشغول گردگیری هستم.

غبار vs بخار

Rhymes.

Bokhar means 'steam' or 'vapor'; Ghobar is 'dust'.

بخار آب / غبار زمین.

句型

... غبار دارد.

هوا غبار دارد.

... غبارآلود است.

اتاق غبارآلود است.

غبار روی ... نشسته است.

غبار روی آینه نشسته است.

به خاطر غبار ...

به خاطر غبار نمی‌توانم ببینم.

غبارِ ... را پاک کردن

غبارِ غم را پاک کن.

... در غبارِ ... گم شد.

او در غبارِ جمعیت گم شد.

زدودن غبار از ...

زدودن غبار از تاریخ.

سایه افکندن غبار بر ...

غبار بر روابط آن‌ها سایه افکند.

词族

名词

غبارروبی (Dusting/Ceremony)

گرد و غبار (Dust and Haze)

动词

غبارروبی کردن (To dust ceremonially)

形容词

غبارآلود (Dusty/Hazy)

غبارآگین (Full of dust - poetic)

如何使用

frequency

High in news and literature

常见错误

Saying 'Gobar' with a hard 'G'. → Ghobār (with a uvular fricative).
The 'gh' sound is crucial; a hard 'G' might make the word unrecognizable or sound like a different word.
Using 'ghobar' for crumbs on a plate. → Rizeh (ریزه) or simply saying the plate is dirty.
'Ghobar' is for fine particles, not solid food crumbs.
Saying 'هوا گرد است' (The air is dust). → هوا غبارآلود است.
'Gard' is the substance; 'ghobar-alud' is the correct adjective for the weather.
Using 'ghobar' for water vapor. → Bokhar (بخار).
'Ghobar' is dry; 'bokhar' is wet. Don't confuse them despite the similar sound.
Spelling it with 'Qaf' (قبار). → غبار (with Ghayn).
While they sound similar in some dialects, 'ghobar' is always spelled with 'Ghayn'.

小贴士

Master the Ghayn

Practice saying 'ghobar' by starting with a light gargling sound. It's not a 'G' as in 'Go', but closer to the 'r' in the French word 'Paris'.

Use the Pair

When talking about weather, use 'gard o ghobar' together. It's a very common natural collocation that makes you sound more like a native speaker.

Metaphorical Power

In your writing, use 'ghobar' to describe old memories or forgotten places to add a layer of poetic depth.

News Context

If you hear 'rizgard' (ریزگرد) on the news, remember it's a specific type of 'ghobar' that's very small and harmful.

Adjective Building

Remember the suffix '-alud' (آلود). It means 'stained with' or 'full of'. So 'ghobar-alud' is literally 'dust-stained'.

Poetic Listening

When listening to Persian songs, notice how 'ghobar' is often used to rhyme with 'bahar' (spring) or 'yar' (beloved).

Cleaning Context

If you are cleaning your house, tell your Persian friends you are doing 'gard-giri'. If you use 'ghobar', they might think you are doing a ritual at a shrine!

Visualizing

Visualize a dusty road in an old movie. That haze is 'ghobar'. The actual dirt on the road is 'khak'.

Safety First

If you see 'ghobar' in a weather app for Iran, it usually means you should wear a mask if you have asthma.

Compliments

A poetic way to show humility is to say 'I am the dust of your path' (ghobar-e rah-e shoma hastam), though this is very traditional and formal.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'Ghobar' as 'Ghostly Bar'. Imagine a ghostly bar made of dust particles floating in the air.

视觉联想

Imagine a sunbeam in a dark room where you see thousands of tiny 'ghobar' particles dancing.

Word Web

Air Pollution Poetry Haze Mirror Heart Storm Cleaning

挑战

Try to describe the view from your window using the word 'ghobar-alud' if it's not a perfectly clear day.

词源

Borrowed from Arabic (غبار), based on the root G-B-R (غ-ب-ر).

原始含义： In Arabic, it also refers to dust or the remains of something.

Afroasiatic (Arabic) -> Indo-European (Persian Loanword).

文化背景

Be careful when discussing 'ghobar' in Khuzestan, as it is a sensitive political and environmental issue related to water management and health.

English speakers might use 'dusty' for a dirty room, but would use 'hazy' or 'smoggy' for what Persians call 'ghobar' in the air.

Poetry of Hafez: 'غبارِ راهِ گذار' (The dust of the passing path). Modern news: 'بحران گرد و غبار' (The dust crisis). Movie: 'The Dust of Time' (conceptually related).

在生活中练习

真实语境

Weather Report

هشدار گرد و غبار
کاهش دید افقی
توده غبار
غلظت غبار

Cleaning

غبارروبی کردن
پاک کردن غبار
غبار گرفتن
دستمال غبارگیر

Poetry

غبار غم
غبار راه
نشستن غبار بر دل
زدودن غبار

History

غبار زمان
در غبار تاریخ
گم شدن در غبار
لایه‌های غبار

Health

ماسک ضد غبار
حساسیت به غبار
تأثیر غبار بر ریه
ذرات غبار

对话开场白

"آیا امروز هوا غبارآلود است؟"

"چطور می‌توانیم غبار را از این کتاب‌های قدیمی پاک کنیم؟"

"به نظر تو چرا طوفان‌های غبار زیاد شده است؟"

"معنی غبار در این شعر چیست؟"

"آیا تو به غبار حساسیت داری؟"

日记主题

امروز که بیدار شدم، آسمان از غبار تیره بود...

خاطراتی که زیر غبار زمان مانده‌اند را بنویس.

تفاوت بین غبار فیزیکی و غبار دل از نظر تو چیست؟

اگر می‌توانستی غبار را از یک جای دنیا پاک کنی، کجا را انتخاب می‌کردی؟

تجربه‌ی خود را از یک روز غبارآلود توصیف کن.

常见问题

10 个问题

Not necessarily. While it usually refers to pollution or dirt, in poetry, it can be a beautiful metaphor for travel or the passage of time. In religious contexts, the dust of a shrine is considered blessed.

The most common word is 'ghobar-alud' (غبارآلود). You can also use 'khaki' if something is covered in soil.

'Gard' is general dust, like what you find on a table. 'Ghobar' is finer, often suspended in the air, and carries a more formal or poetic tone.

No, for smoke you should use 'dud' (دود). However, 'ghobar' can describe the hazy look of the air caused by smoke particles.

Yes, very common, especially in weather reports, literature, and formal discussions about the environment.

It often represents obstacles between the lover and the beloved, or the 'dust of the world' that one must wash away to reach spiritual purity.

It is a formal ceremony of cleaning a holy place, literally 'dust-sweeping.'

Yes, 'ghobar-ha' (غبارها), but it is rarely used unless referring to different types or instances of dust clouds.

No, it is a noun. To express the action, you use compound verbs like 'ghobar neshastan' (to settle) or 'ghobar-rubi kardan' (to dust).

Yes, it is a voiced sound made at the back of the throat, similar to a French 'r'.

免费注册查看提示和笔记