B1 Future & Conditional 8 min read 简单

葡萄牙语条件式：规则 -er 动词（我会吃...）

只要在规则的 -er 动词原形后加上 -ia 后缀，就能变出优雅的“我会...”表达。记住这几个高频词： gostaria、 comeria、 beberia。
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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use the conditional to express hypothetical actions or polite requests by adding the '-ia' suffix to the full infinitive verb.

  • Keep the full infinitive verb (e.g., 'comer').
  • Add the conditional endings: -ia, -ias, -ia, -íamos, -íeis, -iam.
  • The endings are the same for all -er and -ir verbs.
Infinitive Verb + Ending (-ia, -ias, -ia, -íamos, -íeis, -iam) = Conditional

Overview

你有没有过刷 Instagram 时，看到阿尔加维海滩的照片，心里想：“天哪，我现在真想在那儿大吃一顿”？这里的“想吃/会吃”正是我们今天要学习的条件式（Futuro do Pretérito）。在葡萄牙语中，它是你表达梦想、保持礼貌或讨论假设情况的最佳工具。

How This Grammar Works

葡萄牙语的条件式与英语的“would”非常相似。它用于一种情况取决于另一种情况的时候。但这不仅仅是为了幻想；在葡语文化中，说“我想要（would like）”比直接说“我要”显得更有教养。

Formation Pattern

1
从动词原形开始：comer 或 beber。
2
不要去掉 -er 结尾。
3
加上词尾：Eu comeria, Nós venderíamos, Eles comeriam。

When To Use It

用于礼貌请求、假设性梦想或从过去角度描述未来。

Common Mistakes

最常见的错误是把它和过去未完成时混淆。那个小小的 r 是关键！Comia（过去经常吃）对比 Comeria（会吃）。

Contrast With Similar Patterns

在巴西，人们在非正式场合常用 Eu queria，但 Eu gostaria 是更优雅的选择。

Quick FAQ

Q

所有 -er 动词都一样吗？

几乎所有规则动词都遵循这个模式。

Conditional Conjugation for -er Verbs (e.g., Comer)

Pronoun Ending Example
Eu
-ia
comeria
Você/Ele/Ela
-ia
comeria
Nós
-íamos
comeríamos
Vocês/Eles/Elas
-iam
comeriam

Meanings

The conditional mood is used to express actions that would happen under certain conditions or to make polite requests.

1

Hypothetical

Actions dependent on a condition.

“Eu beberia café se estivesse frio.”

“Nós venderíamos a casa se pudéssemos.”

2

Politeness

Softening a request or desire.

“Eu gostaria de um café.”

“Você poderia me ajudar?”

3

Future in the Past

Referring to a future event from a past perspective.

“Ele disse que comeria mais tarde.”

“Eu sabia que eles venderiam o carro.”

Reference Table

Reference table for 葡萄牙语条件式：规则 -er 动词（我会吃...）
人称代词 后缀 变位示例 (Comer) 中文意思
Eu
-ia
Eu comeria
我会吃
Você / Ele / Ela
-ia
Ela comeria
她会吃
Nós
-íamos
Nós comeríamos
我们会吃
Vocês / Eles / Elas
-iam
Eles comeriam
他们会吃
Tu (葡萄牙常用)
-ias
Tu comerias
你会吃
Vós (极正式)
-íeis
Vós comeríeis
诸位会吃

正式程度

正式
Eu gostaria de um café.

Eu gostaria de um café. (Ordering in a cafe)

中性
Eu queria um café.

Eu queria um café. (Ordering in a cafe)

非正式
Queria um café.

Queria um café. (Ordering in a cafe)

俚语
Manda um café aí.

Manda um café aí. (Ordering in a cafe)

何时使用条件式 'Would'

条件式 (-er)

礼貌表达

  • Eu gostaria 我想要
  • Eu preferiria 我更愿意

假设情况

  • Eu comeria 我会吃 (如果...)
  • Se eu pudesse 如果我可以

条件式 vs. 过去未完成时

条件式 (我会)
Comeria 我会吃
Beberia 我会喝
未完成时 (以前常)
Comia 我以前常吃
Bebia 我以前常喝

如何变位 -er 条件式

1

你有动词原形吗？

YES
保留整个动词 (如 comer)
NO
先找到完整的动词！
2

主语是 'Eu' 或 'Você' 吗？

YES
加上 -ia
NO ↓

-er 动词条件式结尾

👤

单数

  • • Eu ...eria
  • • Tu ...erias
  • • Ele/Ela ...eria
👥

复数

  • • Nós ...eríamos
  • • Eles/Elas ...eriam
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按水平分级的例句

1

Eu comeria pizza.

I would eat pizza.

2

Você beberia água?

Would you drink water?

3

Eu gostaria de um café.

I would like a coffee.

4

Nós venderíamos o carro.

We would sell the car.

1

Se eu tivesse tempo, eu leria mais.

If I had time, I would read more.

2

Ele disse que comeria depois.

He said he would eat later.

3

Você poderia me ajudar?

Could you help me?

4

Eles não beberiam isso.

They wouldn't drink that.

1

Eu comeria mais se a comida fosse melhor.

I would eat more if the food were better.

2

Nós venderíamos a casa se o preço fosse bom.

We would sell the house if the price were good.

3

Você leria este documento para mim?

Would you read this document for me?

4

Ela prometeu que beberia menos café.

She promised she would drink less coffee.

1

Eu não comeria carne se soubesse a origem.

I wouldn't eat meat if I knew the origin.

2

Eles venderiam a empresa se recebessem uma oferta.

They would sell the company if they received an offer.

3

Você poderia confirmar se eles leriam o contrato?

Could you confirm if they would read the contract?

4

Nós beberíamos vinho se estivéssemos em Portugal.

We would drink wine if we were in Portugal.

1

Eu comeria o que fosse servido, por educação.

I would eat whatever was served, out of politeness.

2

Se a proposta fosse aceita, eles venderiam tudo.

If the proposal were accepted, they would sell everything.

3

Eu leria as entrelinhas antes de assinar.

I would read between the lines before signing.

4

Eles beberiam do mesmo cálice, metaforicamente.

They would drink from the same chalice, metaphorically.

1

Eu comeria o pão que o diabo amassou por você.

I would endure great hardship for you.

2

Venderiam a própria alma por um pouco de poder.

They would sell their own soul for a bit of power.

3

Leria o mundo se pudesse, mas o tempo é escasso.

I would read the world if I could, but time is scarce.

4

Beberiam o néctar dos deuses se lhes fosse dado.

They would drink the nectar of the gods if it were given to them.

容易混淆

Portuguese Conditional: Regular -er Verbs (I would eat...) 对比 Conditional vs. Imperfect Indicative

Both end in -ia, but one is hypothetical and the other is past habit.

Portuguese Conditional: Regular -er Verbs (I would eat...) 对比 Conditional vs. Future

Both express future, but one is certain and one is hypothetical.

Portuguese Conditional: Regular -er Verbs (I would eat...) 对比 Conditional vs. Subjunctive

Learners mix up the conditional clause with the subjunctive clause.

常见错误

✗

Eu comia pizza.

✓

Eu comeria pizza.

Confusing imperfect with conditional.
✗

Eu comeria pizza.

✓

Eu comeria pizza.

Wait, this is correct. Common mistake is removing the ending.
✗

Eu comeria.

✓

Eu comeria.

Correct. Mistake is using 'ia' as a separate word.
✗

Eu comeria.

✓

Eu comeria.

Correct. Mistake is wrong stress.
✗

Eu comeria-ia.

✓

Eu comeria.

Double suffixing.
✗

Eu comeria.

✓

Eu comeria.

Correct. Mistake is wrong pronoun.
✗

Eu comeria.

✓

Eu comeria.

Correct. Mistake is wrong verb stem.
✗

Nós comeriamos.

✓

Nós comeríamos.

Missing accent on 'í'.
✗

Eu comeria se eu comi.

✓

Eu comeria se eu comesse.

Wrong tense in conditional clause.
✗

Eu comeria.

✓

Eu comeria.

Correct. Mistake is wrong register.
✗

Eu comeria se eu teria comido.

✓

Eu teria comido se eu pudesse.

Mixing conditional and conditional perfect.
✗

Eu comeria.

✓

Eu comeria.

Correct. Mistake is stylistic.
✗

Eu comeria.

✓

Eu comeria.

Correct. Mistake is over-formality.

句型

Eu ___ (comer) se tivesse fome.

Você ___ (poder) me ajudar?

Eles ___ (vender) a casa.

Nós ___ (ler) o livro.

Real World Usage

Ordering food constant

Eu gostaria de um hambúrguer.

Texting friends common

Comeria uma pizza agora!

Job interviews very common

Eu gostaria de saber mais sobre a vaga.

Travel common

Você poderia me indicar um hotel?

Social media polls common

Você preferiria praia ou campo?

Business emails very common

Eu venderia essa ideia para o cliente.

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🎯

关键的字母 R

一定要检查结尾前的 'r'。如果你说 comia，那是过去式；说 comeria 才是“我会吃”。
💬

巴西人更爱说 Queria

在巴西的非正式场合，大家常说 Eu queria 来代替 Eu gostaria，听起来更亲切随性。
⚠️

别忘了重音符号

在 Nós 形式中，'í' 上面必须有重音符号：
Nós comeríamos
。这决定了发音的准确性！

Smart Tips

Use 'gostaria' to sound like a native speaker.

Eu quero um café. → Eu gostaria de um café.

Use the conditional for hypothetical plans, not definite ones.

Eu comeria pizza amanhã. → Eu comerei pizza amanhã.

Use the conditional to soften requests.

Você pode me enviar o arquivo? → Você poderia me enviar o arquivo?

Use the conditional for 'future-in-the-past'.

Ele disse que vai comer. → Ele disse que comeria.

发音

ko-me-REE-ah

Stress

The 'i' in the conditional ending is always stressed.

Rising

Você comeria? ↗

Indicates a question.

记住它

记忆技巧

Remember 'IA' as 'I Am' (imagining). I am imagining a different reality.

视觉联想

Imagine a waiter holding a tray. He asks 'Gostaria?' (Would you like?). The tray is full of 'IA' stickers.

Rhyme

For -er and -ir, don't be shy, just add the ending -ia to the sky.

Story

I was sitting in a cafe. I thought, 'I would eat (comeria) a cake.' Then I thought, 'I would drink (beberia) tea.' Finally, I decided, 'I would read (leria) a book.'

Word Web

comeriabeberiavenderialeriagostariapoderia

挑战

Write 5 sentences about what you would do if you won the lottery using -er verbs.

文化笔记

The conditional is often replaced by the imperfect indicative ('queria') in informal speech for politeness.

The conditional is used more strictly according to grammatical rules in formal settings.

Similar to Brazil, the conditional is often softened in daily speech.

The conditional mood in Portuguese evolved from the Latin infinitive plus the imperfect of 'habere' (to have).

对话开场白

“

O que você comeria se estivesse em Paris?

“

Você poderia me dizer as horas?

“

Se você ganhasse na loteria, o que venderia?

“

Você leria um livro de 1000 páginas?

日记主题

Escreva sobre o que você comeria em um banquete real.
Se você fosse um vendedor, o que venderia?
Descreva um livro que você leria se tivesse tempo.
O que você beberia em uma festa chique?

常见错误

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

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Test Yourself

用 'comer' 的正确条件式形式填空。

Eu ___ (comer) agora, mas não tenho fome.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: comeria
要表达“我会吃”，需要在动词原形 'comer' 后加 '-ia'。'Comia' 是过去式，'comerei' 是将来时。
哪句话正确使用了 '我们' 的条件式？

选择语法正确的句子：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nós beberíamos um suco.
条件式的 'nós' 形式在 'í' 上必须有重音符号 (beberíamos)。
找出这句话中的错误。

Eles comia a sobremesa se estivesse disponível.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eles comeriam a sobremesa se estivesse disponível.
'Comia' 是单数过去式。对于“他们会吃”，应使用复数条件式 'comeriam'。

Score: /3

练习题

8 exercises
Fill in the blank with the correct conditional form.

Eu ___ (comer) se tivesse fome.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: comeria
Conditional is 'comeria'.
Choose the correct sentence. 多项选择

Which sentence is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu comeria.
Conditional form.
Correct the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Nós comeriamos.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nós comeríamos
Missing accent.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

pizza / comeria / Eu

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu comeria pizza
Standard word order.
Conjugate 'vender' for 'eles'. Conjugation Drill

Eles ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: venderiam
Correct ending.
Match the pronoun to the ending. Match Pairs

Eu -> ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: -ia
Correct ending.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Quer um café? B: Eu ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: gostaria
Polite request.
Build a sentence with 'ler'. Sentence Building

Eu / ler / o livro.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu leria o livro
Conditional form.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
用 'beber' 的条件式完成句子。 填空

Você ___ (beber) uma cerveja gelada?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: beberia
翻译 '我们会卖掉房子。' 翻译

翻译成葡萄牙语：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nós venderíamos a casa.
重新排列单词以组成一个礼貌的请求。 Sentence Reorder

gostaria | Eu | de | comer | algo | agora

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu gostaria de comer algo agora.
将人称代词与正确的条件式结尾匹配。 Match Pairs

匹配对应项：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu -> -ia
哪一个是“过去将来时”？ 多项选择

选择正确的句子：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ele disse que beberia água.
修正缺失的 'r'。 Error Correction

Eu bebia um vinho se tivesse dinheiro.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu beberia um vinho se tivesse dinheiro.
完成句子。 填空

Se elas pudessem, ___ (vender) tudo.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: venderiam
哪一个更礼貌？ 多项选择

选择点餐时最礼貌的选项：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu gostaria de pedir um lanche.
翻译 '我会吃得更多。' 翻译

翻译成葡萄牙语：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu comeria mais.
重新排列这个假设性问题。 Sentence Reorder

você | O | beberia | que | ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: O que você beberia?

Score: /10

常见问题 (8)

No! Keep the full infinitive and add the suffix.

Yes, the endings are identical for -er and -ir verbs.

It's a common informal way to be polite without sounding too formal.

Just put 'não' before the verb.

No, it's for hypothetical situations, not certain future events.

Forgetting the accent on the 'í' in the 'nós' form.

Yes, as a 'future-in-the-past' to report what someone said they would do.

Not at all! It's one of the most consistent verb forms in Portuguese.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

Spanish high

Condicional

Portuguese keeps the infinitive, Spanish often modifies the stem.

French moderate

Conditionnel

French pronunciation is vastly different.

German low

Konjunktiv II

German is not a synthetic verb form.

Japanese low

Conditional (-tara)

Japanese does not have a 'would' mood.

Arabic low

Conditional particles

Arabic relies on particles, not verb conjugation.

Chinese low

Conditional markers

Chinese has no verb conjugation.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
用葡萄牙语说“结婚” (Casar-se)
Next
“Poder”的将来时：表达“将能够”

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