Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use the conditional to express hypothetical actions or polite requests by adding the '-ia' suffix to the full infinitive verb.
- Keep the full infinitive verb (e.g., 'comer').
- Add the conditional endings: -ia, -ias, -ia, -íamos, -íeis, -iam.
- The endings are the same for all -er and -ir verbs.
Overview
Condicional）は私たちが「もし～なら、～するだろう」という仮定の話をしたり、相手に丁寧に何かを頼んだりする際に欠かせない非常に重要な文法項目です。B1レベルの学習者にとって、この時制をマスターすることは、単なる事実の伝達を超えて、感情や推測、礼儀正しい対人関係を築くための強力なツールとなります。特に-er動詞の条件法は、その規則性の高さから、一度ルールを覚えれば非常に使いやすいのが特徴です。Eu gostaria de um café と言うことで、より洗練された丁寧な響きになります。この「丁寧さのグラデーション」は、日本語の敬語システムに通じるものがあり、日本人学習者にとっては非常に親しみやすい概念と言えるでしょう。viria）と言った」と、その発言時点での未来を条件法で表現します。これは日本語の「～するはずだ」という感覚に近いですが、より時制の連続性を意識した構成になっています。se を使った条件節とセットで使われますが、このとき動詞が直接法ではなく条件法になることで、「現実とは異なる仮定」というニュアンスが明確に伝わります。日本語の「～たら、～のに」の「のに」の部分が、この条件法の役割を担っていると考えると分かりやすいでしょう。-er動詞の条件法は、非常にシンプルです。他の時制（現在形や点過去など）では語幹を取り出す作業が必要ですが、条件法では「不定詞（動詞の原形）」そのものに語尾を付け加えるだけです。これは日本語の動詞活用と比較しても非常に規則的で、日本人学習者にとっては暗記の負担が少ない素晴らしいルールです。comer (食べる) | beber (飲む) | vender (売る) |Eu | -ia | comeria | beberia | venderia |Tu | -ias | comerias | beberias | venderias |Você/Ele/Ela | -ia | comeria | beberia | venderia |Nós | -íamos | comeríamos | beberíamos | venderíamos |Vós | -íeis | comeríeis | beberíeis | venderíeis |Vocês/Eles/Elas | -iam | comeriam | beberiam | venderiam |Nós と Vós にはアクセント記号が必要です。発音の際、このアクセントが「ここが強調される」というサインになります。日本語の音調（ピッチアクセント）とは異なりますが、このアクセントを守ることで、格段にネイティブらしい響きになります。- 1仮定の話（もし～なら）:
Se eu tivesse tempo, eu comeria com você.（もし時間があれば、君と一緒に食べるんだけど）。日本語の「～のに」にあたる表現です。 - 2丁寧な依頼・要望:
Eu gostaria de um café.（コーヒーをいただきたいのですが）。これは日本語の「～したいのですが」というクッション言葉と同じ役割を果たします。直接的にEu queroと言うよりも、相手を尊重する響きになります。 - 3過去からの未来（報告）:
Ele disse que beberia água.（彼は水を飲むと言った）。過去の時点での「飲む」という未来の予定を指しています。 - 4アドバイス:
Você deveria comer menos.（君はもっと少なく食べるべきだ）。日本語の「～すべきだ」に近いですが、条件法を使うことで、命令口調ではなく「私ならそうするよ」というソフトなアドバイスになります。
- 1半過去（
Pretérito Imperfeito）との混同:Eu comia（食べていた）とEu comeria（食べるだろう）を混同するケースです。日本語では「食べていた」と「食べるだろう」は形が全く違いますが、ポルトガル語では語尾の-iaが共通しているため、-r-を入れ忘れるミスが多発します。rは「未来」の要素を運ぶサインだと覚えてください。 - 2不定詞の語尾削除: 他の時制（現在形など）では
com-erのerを取って活用するため、条件法でも同じことをしようとしてしまいます。条件法は「原形＋語尾」という特殊なルールなので、comeriaと原形を維持するのが正解です。 - 3
Nósのアクセント忘れ: 日本語には単語内のアクセント記号がないため、ついつい書き忘れてしまいます。しかし、comeríamosのiにアクセントがないと、音節の区切りが崩れ、ネイティブには別の単語のように聞こえてしまうことがあります。
Presente | 事実・習慣 | ～する |Pretérito Imperfeito | 過去の習慣・進行 | ～していた |Condicional | 仮定・丁寧 | ～するだろう・～したいのですが |Pretérito Imperfeito との使い分けは、r の有無を意識するだけで解決します。comia は「昔食べていた（事実）」、comeria は「（条件が整えば）食べるだろう（仮定）」と明確に区別しましょう。Eu queria と Eu gostaria はどう違いますか？Queria は「欲しかった」という過去の願望ですが、丁寧な依頼として使われることもあります。しかし、Gostaria の方がより洗練されており、レストランやフォーマルな場で使うのが適切です。-er 動詞は非常に規則的です。不規則動詞もありますが、それはまた別の機会に。まずはこの -er のパターンを完璧にしましょう。Nós にだけアクセントがあるのですか？íamos とすることで、音の重なりを回避し、リズムを整えています。日本語の拍を意識する感覚で、アクセントの音を少し長く伸ばしてみましょう。Gostaria de... から使い始めてみてください。頑張りましょう！Conditional Conjugation for -er Verbs (e.g., Comer)
| Pronoun | Ending | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Eu
|
-ia
|
comeria
|
|
Você/Ele/Ela
|
-ia
|
comeria
|
|
Nós
|
-íamos
|
comeríamos
|
|
Vocês/Eles/Elas
|
-iam
|
comeriam
|
Meanings
The conditional mood is used to express actions that would happen under certain conditions or to make polite requests.
Hypothetical
Actions dependent on a condition.
“Eu beberia café se estivesse frio.”
“Nós venderíamos a casa se pudéssemos.”
Politeness
Softening a request or desire.
“Eu gostaria de um café.”
“Você poderia me ajudar?”
Future in the Past
Referring to a future event from a past perspective.
“Ele disse que comeria mais tarde.”
“Eu sabia que eles venderiam o carro.”
Reference Table
| 代名詞 | 語尾 | 例 (Comer) | 意味 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Eu
|
-ia
|
Eu comeria
|
私は食べるだろう
|
|
Você / Ele / Ela
|
-ia
|
Ela comeria
|
彼女は食べるだろう
|
|
Nós
|
-íamos
|
Nós comeríamos
|
私たちは食べるだろう
|
|
Vocês / Eles / Elas
|
-iam
|
Eles comeriam
|
彼らは食べるだろう
|
|
Tu (ポルトガル)
|
-ias
|
Tu comerias
|
君は食べるだろう
|
|
Vós (非常にフォーマル)
|
-íeis
|
Vós comeríeis
|
あなた方は食べるだろう
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
Eu gostaria de um café. (Ordering in a cafe)
Eu queria um café. (Ordering in a cafe)
Queria um café. (Ordering in a cafe)
Manda um café aí. (Ordering in a cafe)
条件法 'Would' をいつ使うか
礼儀正しさ
- Eu gostaria 〜したいのですが
- Eu preferiria 〜の方がいいのですが
仮定
- Eu comeria （もし〜なら）食べるのに
- Se eu pudesse もしできれば
条件法 vs. 線過去
-er動詞の条件法の作り方
動詞の原形はありますか？
主語は 'Eu' または 'Você' ですか？
-er動詞の条件法の語尾
単数
- • Eu ...eria
- • Tu ...erias
- • Ele/Ela ...eria
複数
- • Nós ...eríamos
- • Eles/Elas ...eriam
レベル別の例文
Eu comeria pizza.
I would eat pizza.
Você beberia água?
Would you drink water?
Eu gostaria de um café.
I would like a coffee.
Nós venderíamos o carro.
We would sell the car.
Se eu tivesse tempo, eu leria mais.
If I had time, I would read more.
Ele disse que comeria depois.
He said he would eat later.
Você poderia me ajudar?
Could you help me?
Eles não beberiam isso.
They wouldn't drink that.
Eu comeria mais se a comida fosse melhor.
I would eat more if the food were better.
Nós venderíamos a casa se o preço fosse bom.
We would sell the house if the price were good.
Você leria este documento para mim?
Would you read this document for me?
Ela prometeu que beberia menos café.
She promised she would drink less coffee.
Eu não comeria carne se soubesse a origem.
I wouldn't eat meat if I knew the origin.
Eles venderiam a empresa se recebessem uma oferta.
They would sell the company if they received an offer.
Você poderia confirmar se eles leriam o contrato?
Could you confirm if they would read the contract?
Nós beberíamos vinho se estivéssemos em Portugal.
We would drink wine if we were in Portugal.
Eu comeria o que fosse servido, por educação.
I would eat whatever was served, out of politeness.
Se a proposta fosse aceita, eles venderiam tudo.
If the proposal were accepted, they would sell everything.
Eu leria as entrelinhas antes de assinar.
I would read between the lines before signing.
Eles beberiam do mesmo cálice, metaforicamente.
They would drink from the same chalice, metaphorically.
Eu comeria o pão que o diabo amassou por você.
I would endure great hardship for you.
Venderiam a própria alma por um pouco de poder.
They would sell their own soul for a bit of power.
Leria o mundo se pudesse, mas o tempo é escasso.
I would read the world if I could, but time is scarce.
Beberiam o néctar dos deuses se lhes fosse dado.
They would drink the nectar of the gods if it were given to them.
間違えやすい
Both end in -ia, but one is hypothetical and the other is past habit.
Both express future, but one is certain and one is hypothetical.
Learners mix up the conditional clause with the subjunctive clause.
よくある間違い
Eu comia pizza.
Eu comeria pizza.
Eu comeria pizza.
Eu comeria pizza.
Eu comeria.
Eu comeria.
Eu comeria.
Eu comeria.
Eu comeria-ia.
Eu comeria.
Eu comeria.
Eu comeria.
Eu comeria.
Eu comeria.
Nós comeriamos.
Nós comeríamos.
Eu comeria se eu comi.
Eu comeria se eu comesse.
Eu comeria.
Eu comeria.
Eu comeria se eu teria comido.
Eu teria comido se eu pudesse.
Eu comeria.
Eu comeria.
Eu comeria.
Eu comeria.
文型パターン
Eu ___ (comer) se tivesse fome.
Você ___ (poder) me ajudar?
Eles ___ (vender) a casa.
Nós ___ (ler) o livro.
Real World Usage
Eu gostaria de um hambúrguer.
Comeria uma pizza agora!
Eu gostaria de saber mais sobre a vaga.
Você poderia me indicar um hotel?
Você preferiria praia ou campo?
Eu venderia essa ideia para o cliente.
「R」があるかどうかが鍵！
r があるかチェック！ comia だと過去の話ですが、 comeria なら「食べるのに」という条件法になります。ブラジル人は 'Queria' が大好き
Eu gostaria の代わりに Eu queria を使って、少しリラックスしつつも丁寧に振る舞うことがよくあります。アクセントを忘れずに
í にアクセントがつきます。 comeríamos と書くことで、正しいリズムで発音できますよ！Smart Tips
Use 'gostaria' to sound like a native speaker.
Use the conditional for hypothetical plans, not definite ones.
Use the conditional to soften requests.
Use the conditional for 'future-in-the-past'.
発音
Stress
The 'i' in the conditional ending is always stressed.
Rising
Você comeria? ↗
Indicates a question.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Remember 'IA' as 'I Am' (imagining). I am imagining a different reality.
視覚的連想
Imagine a waiter holding a tray. He asks 'Gostaria?' (Would you like?). The tray is full of 'IA' stickers.
Rhyme
For -er and -ir, don't be shy, just add the ending -ia to the sky.
Story
I was sitting in a cafe. I thought, 'I would eat (comeria) a cake.' Then I thought, 'I would drink (beberia) tea.' Finally, I decided, 'I would read (leria) a book.'
Word Web
チャレンジ
Write 5 sentences about what you would do if you won the lottery using -er verbs.
文化メモ
The conditional is often replaced by the imperfect indicative ('queria') in informal speech for politeness.
The conditional is used more strictly according to grammatical rules in formal settings.
Similar to Brazil, the conditional is often softened in daily speech.
The conditional mood in Portuguese evolved from the Latin infinitive plus the imperfect of 'habere' (to have).
会話のきっかけ
O que você comeria se estivesse em Paris?
Você poderia me dizer as horas?
Se você ganhasse na loteria, o que venderia?
Você leria um livro de 1000 páginas?
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
Eu ___ (comer) agora, mas não tenho fome.
正しい文を選んでください：
Eles comia a sobremesa se estivesse disponível.
Score: /3
練習問題
8 exercisesEu ___ (comer) se tivesse fome.
Which sentence is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
Nós comeriamos.
pizza / comeria / Eu
Eles ___.
Eu -> ?
A: Quer um café? B: Eu ___.
Eu / ler / o livro.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercisesVocê ___ (beber) uma cerveja gelada?
ポルトガル語に訳してください：
gostaria | Eu | de | comer | algo | agora
ペアを作ってください：
正しい文を選んでください：
Eu bebia um vinho se tivesse dinheiro.
Se elas pudessem, ___ (vender) tudo.
食べ物を注文する際、最も丁寧な選択肢を選んでください：
ポルトガル語に訳してください：
você | O | beberia | que | ?
Score: /10
よくある質問 (8)
No! Keep the full infinitive and add the suffix.
Yes, the endings are identical for -er and -ir verbs.
It's a common informal way to be polite without sounding too formal.
Just put 'não' before the verb.
No, it's for hypothetical situations, not certain future events.
Forgetting the accent on the 'í' in the 'nós' form.
Yes, as a 'future-in-the-past' to report what someone said they would do.
Not at all! It's one of the most consistent verb forms in Portuguese.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Condicional
Portuguese keeps the infinitive, Spanish often modifies the stem.
Conditionnel
French pronunciation is vastly different.
Konjunktiv II
German is not a synthetic verb form.
Conditional (-tara)
Japanese does not have a 'would' mood.
Conditional particles
Arabic relies on particles, not verb conjugation.
Conditional markers
Chinese has no verb conjugation.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
関連動画
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