B1 · 中級 チャプター 34

Future, Conditional, and Polite Forms

9 トータルルール
94 例文
9 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Unlock the power of possibility and future planning in Portuguese.

  • Express polite requests and hypothetical desires.
  • Conjugate essential future and conditional tense verbs.
  • Navigate social scenarios involving future plans and invitations.
Speak with grace, plan with confidence.

学べること

Use the conditional for polite requests, the future tense, and master key irregular forms.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use 'Gostaria' and 'Poderia' to make polite requests in a cafe setting.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Conjugate irregular verbs like 'Fazer' and 'Dizer' in the future tense.

チャプターガイド

Overview

This chapter is your gateway to expressing future plans, polite requests, and hypothetical situations in Portuguese. Mastering the future and conditional tenses, along with specific polite forms, is crucial for B1 learners to communicate with greater nuance and naturalness. You'll move beyond simple present and past tenses, gaining the ability to discuss possibilities, make soft suggestions, and convey respect in your interactions.
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to confidently talk about what you will do (e.g., using the future of 'Poder', 'Dizer', 'Querer', and 'Fazer'), what you would like or would do (e.g., using 'Gostaria', 'Poderia', and regular conditional verbs), and even discuss life-changing events like getting married with appropriate verb forms. This knowledge will significantly enhance your ability to engage in more complex and sophisticated conversations.
You will learn the structure of regular future and conditional verbs, and conquer key irregular forms that are frequently used in daily conversation. The emphasis on polite forms like Gostaria and Poderia will also equip you to navigate social interactions with greater ease and cultural appropriateness, making your Portuguese sound much more native.

How This Grammar Works

The future and conditional tenses in Portuguese are built upon similar structures, often using the infinitive form of the verb as their base, with specific endings added. Many verbs, however, have irregular stems that need to be memorized. Politeness is often embedded within these tenses.
Polite Requests & Suggestions (Gostaria, Poderia):
For polite requests, the conditional tense is frequently used.
Gostaria de: 'I would like to'

Ex: Eu gostaria de um café, por favor. (I would like a coffee, please.)

Ex: Você gostaria de vir conosco? (Would you like to come with us?)

Poderia: 'Could you' or 'I/one could' (conditional of 'Poder')

Ex: Você poderia me ajudar? (Could you help me?)

Ex: Nós poderíamos ir mais tarde. (We could go later.)

Getting Married in Portuguese (Casar-se):
The verb 'casar' (to marry) is typically used reflexively as 'casar-se' (to get married).

Ex: Ela vai se casar no próximo ano. (She is going to get married next year.)

Ex: Eles se casariam se tivessem dinheiro. (They would get married if they had money.)

Portuguese Conditional: Regular -er Verbs (I would eat...):
For regular -er verbs, remove the -er and add the conditional endings to the *infinitive* (the full verb).
For 'você'/'ele'/'ela': infinitive + -ia

Ex: Você comeria um bolo agora? (Would you eat a cake now?) (Comer -> Comeria)

Ex: Ele viveria na praia se pudesse. (He would live on the beach if he could.) (Viver -> Viveria)

Future of 'Poder': Saying 'Will Be Able To':
The verb 'Poder' (to be able to) has an irregular future stem: 'poder-'. The endings are added to this stem.
For 'você'/'ele'/'ela': poder- + -á

Ex: Você poderá falar com ele amanhã. (You will be able to speak with him tomorrow.)

Saying 'Will Say' in Portuguese (Dizer Future):
The verb 'Dizer' (to say/tell) has an irregular future stem: 'dir-'.
For 'você'/'ele'/'ela': dir- + -á

Ex: Você dirá a verdade? (Will you tell the truth?)

Future Intentions: 'Will Want' (Querer no Futuro):
The verb 'Querer' (to want) has an irregular future stem: 'querer-'.
For 'você'/'ele'/'ela': querer- + -á

Ex: Você quererá um carro novo? (Will you want a new car?)

Portuguese Conditional: Would (-ir verbs):
For regular -ir verbs, add the conditional endings to the *infinitive* (the full verb).
For 'você'/'ele'/'ela': infinitive + -ia

Ex: Você abriria a janela para mim? (Would you open the window for me?) (Abrir -> Abriria)

Ex: Ele partiria amanhã se pudesse. (He would leave tomorrow if he could.) (Partir -> Partiria)

The Conditional Tense: Politeness & Hypotheticals (-ia):
The conditional tense is formed by adding -ia, -ias, -ia, -íamos, -íeis, -iam to the infinitive of most verbs. It's used for polite requests, what would happen in a hypothetical situation, or what would be true.

Ex: Eu viajaria se tivesse tempo. (I would travel if I had time.)

Ex: Você me ajudaria com isso? (Would you help me with this?)

Irregular Future: Fazer (To do -> I will do):
The verb 'Fazer' (to do/make) has an irregular future stem: 'far-'.
For 'você'/'ele'/'ela': far- + -á

Ex: Você fará o jantar hoje? (Will you make dinner today?)

Common Mistakes

✗ Você gostaria fazer um sanduíche?
✓ Você gostaria *de* fazer um sanduíche?
Why: 'Gostaria' when followed by an infinitive requires the preposition 'de'.
✗ Ele vai casar ela no sábado.
✓ Ele vai *se* casar no sábado. / Ele vai casar *com* ela no sábado.
Why: 'Casar-se' means 'to get married'. If you're marrying someone else, it's 'casar com alguém'. The reflexive 'se' is essential for 'to get married'.
✗ Eu faria o almoço, mas não tenho tempo. (Attempting to use future 'fazer' in conditional)
✓ Eu *faria* o almoço, mas não tenho tempo. (This is correct for conditional 'fazer' – the stem is 'far-' for both future and conditional, but the mistake here is confusing the use or conjugation of the stem. Let's rephrase for clarity regarding irregular stems).
✗ Ele dizirá a verdade. (Using regular ending for irregular stem)
✓ Ele *dirá* a verdade.
Why: The future stem for 'dizer' is 'dir-', not 'diz-'.
✗ Você pode me emprestar seu carro? (Asking impolitely)
✓ Você *poderia* me emprestar seu carro?
Why: 'Poderia' (conditional) is much more polite than 'pode' (present) for a request.
✗ Eu faço se tivesse dinheiro. (Using present for hypothetical)
✓ Eu *faria* se tivesse dinheiro.
Why: For hypothetical situations with 'se' (if), the main clause often uses the conditional tense.

Real Conversations

A

A

Olá! Você gostaria de ir ao cinema comigo no sábado?
B

B

Ah, obrigada! Eu adoraria, mas infelizmente não poderei. Tenho um compromisso.
A

A

Que pena! Talvez você queira ir no domingo?

English:

A

A

Hello! Would you like to go to the cinema with me on Saturday?
B

B

Oh, thank you! I'd love to, but unfortunately, I won't be able to. I have an engagement.
A

A

What a pity! Maybe you will want to go on Sunday?
A

A

Com licença, você poderia me dizer onde fica a estação de trem?
B

B

Claro! Você seguirá reto por esta rua e virará na terceira à direita.
A

A

Muito obrigada! Você me salvaria muito tempo.

English:

A

A

Excuse me, could you tell me where the train station is?
B

B

Of course! You will go straight down this street and turn on the third right.
A

A

Thank you very much! You would save me a lot of time.
A

A

Meu amigo vai se casar no Brasil no próximo ano. Você acha que eu faria bem em ir?
B

B

Com certeza! Eu iria se fosse você. Será uma ótima experiência!
A

A

É, você tem razão. Eu direi a ele que irei.

English:

A

A

My friend is getting married in Brazil next year. Do you think I would do well to go?
B

B

Absolutely! I would go if I were you. It will be a great experience!
A

A

Yeah, you're right. I will tell him I'll go.

Quick FAQ

Q

What's the difference between the simple future (e.g., 'farei') and 'ir + infinitive' (e.g., 'vou fazer') for expressing future actions?

The 'ir + infinitive' construction (e.g., Eu vou fazer) is very common in spoken Brazilian Portuguese for general future intentions, often implying a more immediate or certain future. The simple future tense (e.g., Eu farei) is generally perceived as more formal or literary, though still used, especially for more distant plans, predictions, or in written contexts. At B1, it's good to recognize both.

Q

When should I use 'Você poderia' instead of 'Você pode' for requests?

Always use 'Você poderia' for polite requests. 'Você pode' (Can you?) is more direct and can sometimes sound abrupt, especially with strangers or in formal situations. 'Você poderia' (Could you?) softens the request significantly, showing more respect and consideration.

Q

Are there other common irregular verbs in the future and conditional tenses besides 'Poder', 'Dizer', 'Querer', and 'Fazer'?

Yes, there are a few others you'll encounter. Key ones include 'Ter' (to have) which becomes 'ter-' (future: terei, terá; conditional: teria), 'Vir' (to come) which becomes 'vir-' (future: virei, virá; conditional: viria), and 'Haver' (to have/exist) which becomes 'haver-' (future: haverei, haverá; conditional: haveria). The stems for future and conditional are often the same for irregular verbs.

Q

Can I use the conditional for making suggestions to others, not just polite requests for myself?

Absolutely! The conditional is perfect for making gentle suggestions or recommendations. For example,

Você poderia tentar ligar para ele
(You could try calling him) or
Nós deveríamos estudar mais
(We should study more – 'dever' in conditional often implies 'should').

Cultural Context

In Brazilian Portuguese culture, politeness and indirect communication are highly valued, particularly in initial interactions or with those of higher status. This makes the conditional tense, especially verbs like 'Gostaria' (I would like) and 'Poderia' (Could you/I), indispensable. Direct requests using the present tense, such as
Você pode me ajudar?
(Can you help me?), while grammatically correct, might be perceived as less refined than
Você poderia me ajudar?
(Could you help me?).
Using these softer forms demonstrates respect and good manners, which is crucial for building rapport.
The discussion of future plans, whether personal or professional, also benefits from the nuances of the future tense. Expressing intentions clearly but also with a sense of possibility or hypothetical outcomes allows for a more natural flow of conversation. Even the verb 'casar-se' (to get married) carries significant cultural weight; marriage and family are central to many Brazilians' lives, and discussing such events correctly using the reflexive form shows an understanding of this importance.
Mastering these forms allows you to integrate more smoothly into social settings and navigate cultural expectations with grace.

重要な例文 (4)

1

Eu gostaria de um café, por favor.

コーヒーを一杯いただけますか？

丁寧な依頼と提案 (Gostaria, Poderia)
2

Você poderia me enviar o arquivo por e-mail?

そのファイルをメールで送っていただけますか？

丁寧な依頼と提案 (Gostaria, Poderia)
3

Eu farei o jantar hoje à noite para celebrar.

お祝いのために、今夜私が夕食を作ります。

不規則未来形：Fazer（する → 私はするでしょう）
4

Você fará a prova amanhã de manhã?

明日の朝、試験を受ける予定ですか？

不規則未来形：Fazer（する → 私はするでしょう）

ヒントとコツ (4)

💡

ブラジル流の近道 'Queria'

ブラジルでは 'Gostaria' の代わりに 'Queria' もよく使われます。日常のちょっとした買い物で便利ですよ：
Eu queria um suco, por favor.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 丁寧な依頼と提案 (Gostaria, Poderia)
⚠️

「se」を忘れないで！

再帰代名詞を忘れると、自分が式を執り行う神父さんや役人の意味になっちゃいます。 Eu me caso と言いましょう。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ポルトガル語で「結婚する」(Casar-se)
🎯

「R」があるかどうかが鍵！

語尾の前に r があるかチェック！ comia だと過去の話ですが、 comeria なら「食べるのに」という条件法になります。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ポルトガル語の条件法：規則-er動詞（〜食べるだろうに...）
🎯

ブラジルのネイティブっぽく話すコツ

ブラジルで自然に聞こえるには、10回中9回は vou poder を選ぶのが正解です:
Eu vou poder ir na sua festa.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「Poder」の未来形：「できるようになる」の表現

重要な語彙 (6)

Gostaria I would like Casar-se to get married Poderia could you Farei I will do Direi I will say Querer to want

Real-World Preview

heart

Planning the Wedding

Review Summary

  • Stem + -ia

よくある間違い

Reflexive verbs require the pronoun to match the subject.

Wrong: Eu vai casar.
正解: Eu vou me casar.

Sometimes learners forget the stem change in 'fazer'.

Wrong: Eu farei a tarefa amanhã.
正解: Eu farei a tarefa amanhã.

Ensure you don't confuse conditional with future.

Wrong: Eu comeria.
正解: Eu comeria.

このチャプターのルール (9)

1

丁寧な依頼と提案 (Gostaria, Poderia)

B1
「〜したい」という直接的な表現を、相手を敬う「丁寧なお願い」に変えるツールです。 Gostaria や Poderia を使って、もっとエレガントなポルトガル語を目指しましょう！
Eu gostaria de um café, por favor.
10 例文
2

ポルトガル語で「結婚する」(Casar-se)

B1
ポルトガル語で結婚を語るなら、再帰代名詞と com をセットで使うのが鉄則です。 casar-se com
Eu me caso com você em qualquer lugar.
10 例文
3

ポルトガル語の条件法：規則-er動詞（〜食べるだろうに...）

B1
動詞の原形に -ia をつけるだけで、「〜するだろう」という丁寧な表現や仮定の話が作れます。 «丁寧な依頼» «もし〜なら» «未来の推測» がキーワードです。
Eu comeria dez brigadeiros agora se pudesse.
12 例文
4

「Poder」の未来形：「できるようになる」の表現

B1
フォーマルなら poderei や poderá ですが、普段の会話なら vou poder が一番自然ですよ。
Depois da reunião, **eu poderei te ligar** para di...
10 例文
5

ポルトガル語で「〜と言うだろう」 (Dizerの不規則未来)

B1
dizer から ze を消して、身軽になった dir- に未来の語尾をくっつけるのがコツ！ direi や dirá が基本の形です。
Eu `direi` a verdade ao juiz.
10 例文
6

未来の意思：「〜したくなるだろう」(Querer no Futuro)

B1
フォーマルに「〜したいと思うだろう」と伝えるなら、querer の原形に未来の語尾を足しましょう。 quererá や quereremos がキーワードです。
No futuro, eu `quererei` um emprego remoto para vi...
10 例文
7

ポルトガル語の条件法：-ir 動詞 (〜だろう)

B1
動詞の原形（不定詞）に -ia などのセットを足すだけで、「〜だろう」「〜してくれますか？」という Would のニュアンスが作れます。
Eu abriria a porta se tivesse a chave.
10 例文
8

条件法：丁寧さと「もしも」の話 (-ia)

B1
動詞の原形に -ia をつけるだけで、「〜だろうな」という想像や gostaria のような「丁寧な依頼」が作れる便利な形です。
Eu viajaria o mundo todo se tivesse dinheiro.
12 例文
9

不規則未来形：Fazer（する → 私はするでしょう）

B1
動詞 fazer は未来形になると語尾の前に語幹が far- に変わる不規則な動きをするよ。 farei, farás, fará のリズムで覚えちゃおう！
Eu farei o jantar hoje à noite para celebrar.
10 例文

Next Steps

You have mastered the B1 level! Keep practicing these forms to sound like a native speaker.

Watch a Brazilian soap opera scene

Continue to: Talking About Recent Habits

クイック練習 (10)

活用の間違いを直してね。

Find and fix the mistake:

Eu fazerei o relatório hoje.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu farei o relatório hoje.
fazer の未来の語幹は fazer- ではなく far- だよ。だから farei が正解！

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 不規則未来形：Fazer（する → 私はするでしょう）

'comer' を正しい条件法の形にして空欄を埋めてください。

Eu ___ (comer) agora, mas não tenho fome.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: comeria
「私は食べるだろう」と言うには、原形の 'comer' に '-ia' を付けます。 'comia' は過去、 'comerei' は未来です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ポルトガル語の条件法：規則-er動詞（〜食べるだろうに...）

正しい仮定の文章を選んでください。

「あの車を買うのになあ」という意味の文はどれ？

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu compraria aquele carro.
「〜するのになあ」という条件法は 'compraria' です。 'Comprei' は過去形（買った）になります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 条件法：丁寧さと「もしも」の話 (-ia)

未来形が正しく使われている文を選んでね。

Choose the correct option:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ele fará o trabalho sozinho.
fará が正しい不規則未来形だよ。 fazerá は語幹が違っていて、 fazera はアクセントが足りないんだ。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 不規則未来形：Fazer（する → 私はするでしょう）

丁寧な依頼の文を完成させましょう。

Eu ___ (gostar) de um copo d'água, por favor.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: gostaria
丁寧なお願いには条件法 (-ia) を使います。 'Gostava' はカジュアルすぎ、 'gostarei' は未来の話になってしまいます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 条件法：丁寧さと「もしも」の話 (-ia)

「私たち（we）」に対して正しい条件法を使っている文はどれですか？

正しい文を選んでください：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nós beberíamos um suco.
条件法の 'nós' の形には、必ず 'í' にアクセント記号が必要です（beberíamos）。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ポルトガル語の条件法：規則-er動詞（〜食べるだろうに...）

'poder' (Você) を使って、丁寧な依頼の文を完成させてください。

Você ___ me passar o sal?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: poderia
Você に対する丁寧なお願いには、条件法の 'poderia' を使います。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 丁寧な依頼と提案 (Gostaria, Poderia)

食べ物を注文する時、最も丁寧な表現はどれですか？

一番丁寧な選択肢を選んでください：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu gostaria de uma pizza.
'Gostaria'（〜したいのですが）は、'quero'（欲しい）よりもずっと丁寧な響きになります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 丁寧な依頼と提案 (Gostaria, Poderia)

不規則動詞の形を直しましょう。

Se eu pudesse, eu fazeria um bolo.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Se eu pudesse, eu faria um bolo.
Fazer は条件法で不規則に変化します。語幹が far- になり、 'faria' となります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 条件法：丁寧さと「もしも」の話 (-ia)

適切な 'fazer' の未来形を入れてね。

Amanhã nós ___ um churrasco em casa.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: faremos
nós (私たち) の場合、語幹は far- で語尾は -emos になるよ。 Fazeremos は間違いだから注意してね。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 不規則未来形：Fazer（する → 私はするでしょう）

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

はい、現在形より丁寧です。初対面の人や仕事で使うととても好印象ですよ。例えば： Poderia me ajudar?
動詞 'dever' を使って 'Eu deveria' と言います。 Eu deveria estudar で「勉強すべきだ」となります。
基本は人間ですが、ジョークで「このチーズはワインと結婚している（合う）」のように言うこともあります。
O queijo se casa com o vinho.
「casar」は神父などが式を執り行うこと、「casar-se」は自分が結婚することを意味します。
Eu me caso hoje.
comeria は条件法（〜するだろう）で、 comia は線過去（〜していた）です。 r があるかどうかが大きな違いですよ。
はい、 gostaria のような動詞を使うのは、接客の場面などで丁寧でフォーマルに振る舞うための標準的な方法です。
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