B1 · متوسط فصل 34

Future, Conditional, and Polite Forms

9 مجموع قواعد
94 مثال‌ها
9 دقیقه
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Chapter in 30 Seconds

Unlock the power of possibility and future planning in Portuguese.

  • Express polite requests and hypothetical desires.
  • Conjugate essential future and conditional tense verbs.
  • Navigate social scenarios involving future plans and invitations.
Speak with grace, plan with confidence.

چی یاد می‌گیری

Use the conditional for polite requests, the future tense, and master key irregular forms.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use 'Gostaria' and 'Poderia' to make polite requests in a cafe setting.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Conjugate irregular verbs like 'Fazer' and 'Dizer' in the future tense.

راهنمای فصل

مرور کلی

This chapter is your gateway to expressing future plans, polite requests, and hypothetical situations in Portuguese. Mastering the future and conditional tenses, along with specific polite forms, is crucial for B1 learners to communicate with greater nuance and naturalness. You'll move beyond simple present and past tenses, gaining the ability to discuss possibilities, make soft suggestions, and convey respect in your interactions.
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to confidently talk about what you will do (e.g., using the future of 'Poder', 'Dizer', 'Querer', and 'Fazer'), what you would like or would do (e.g., using 'Gostaria', 'Poderia', and regular conditional verbs), and even discuss life-changing events like getting married with appropriate verb forms. This knowledge will significantly enhance your ability to engage in more complex and sophisticated conversations.
You will learn the structure of regular future and conditional verbs, and conquer key irregular forms that are frequently used in daily conversation. The emphasis on polite forms like Gostaria and Poderia will also equip you to navigate social interactions with greater ease and cultural appropriateness, making your Portuguese sound much more native.

این گرامر چطور کار می‌کنه

The future and conditional tenses in Portuguese are built upon similar structures, often using the infinitive form of the verb as their base, with specific endings added. Many verbs, however, have irregular stems that need to be memorized. Politeness is often embedded within these tenses.
Polite Requests & Suggestions (Gostaria, Poderia):
For polite requests, the conditional tense is frequently used.
Gostaria de: 'I would like to'

Ex: Eu gostaria de um café, por favor. (I would like a coffee, please.)

Ex: Você gostaria de vir conosco? (Would you like to come with us?)

Poderia: 'Could you' or 'I/one could' (conditional of 'Poder')

Ex: Você poderia me ajudar? (Could you help me?)

Ex: Nós poderíamos ir mais tarde. (We could go later.)

Getting Married in Portuguese (Casar-se):
The verb 'casar' (to marry) is typically used reflexively as 'casar-se' (to get married).

Ex: Ela vai se casar no próximo ano. (She is going to get married next year.)

Ex: Eles se casariam se tivessem dinheiro. (They would get married if they had money.)

Portuguese Conditional: Regular -er Verbs (I would eat...):
For regular -er verbs, remove the -er and add the conditional endings to the *infinitive* (the full verb).
For 'você'/'ele'/'ela': infinitive + -ia

Ex: Você comeria um bolo agora? (Would you eat a cake now?) (Comer -> Comeria)

Ex: Ele viveria na praia se pudesse. (He would live on the beach if he could.) (Viver -> Viveria)

Future of 'Poder': Saying 'Will Be Able To':
The verb 'Poder' (to be able to) has an irregular future stem: 'poder-'. The endings are added to this stem.
For 'você'/'ele'/'ela': poder- + -á

Ex: Você poderá falar com ele amanhã. (You will be able to speak with him tomorrow.)

Saying 'Will Say' in Portuguese (Dizer Future):
The verb 'Dizer' (to say/tell) has an irregular future stem: 'dir-'.
For 'você'/'ele'/'ela': dir- + -á

Ex: Você dirá a verdade? (Will you tell the truth?)

Future Intentions: 'Will Want' (Querer no Futuro):
The verb 'Querer' (to want) has an irregular future stem: 'querer-'.
For 'você'/'ele'/'ela': querer- + -á

Ex: Você quererá um carro novo? (Will you want a new car?)

Portuguese Conditional: Would (-ir verbs):
For regular -ir verbs, add the conditional endings to the *infinitive* (the full verb).
For 'você'/'ele'/'ela': infinitive + -ia

Ex: Você abriria a janela para mim? (Would you open the window for me?) (Abrir -> Abriria)

Ex: Ele partiria amanhã se pudesse. (He would leave tomorrow if he could.) (Partir -> Partiria)

The Conditional Tense: Politeness & Hypotheticals (-ia):
The conditional tense is formed by adding -ia, -ias, -ia, -íamos, -íeis, -iam to the infinitive of most verbs. It's used for polite requests, what would happen in a hypothetical situation, or what would be true.

Ex: Eu viajaria se tivesse tempo. (I would travel if I had time.)

Ex: Você me ajudaria com isso? (Would you help me with this?)

Irregular Future: Fazer (To do -> I will do):
The verb 'Fazer' (to do/make) has an irregular future stem: 'far-'.
For 'você'/'ele'/'ela': far- + -á

Ex: Você fará o jantar hoje? (Will you make dinner today?)

اشتباهات رایج

✗ Você gostaria fazer um sanduíche?
✓ Você gostaria *de* fazer um sanduíche?
Why: 'Gostaria' when followed by an infinitive requires the preposition 'de'.
✗ Ele vai casar ela no sábado.
✓ Ele vai *se* casar no sábado. / Ele vai casar *com* ela no sábado.
Why: 'Casar-se' means 'to get married'. If you're marrying someone else, it's 'casar com alguém'. The reflexive 'se' is essential for 'to get married'.
✗ Eu faria o almoço, mas não tenho tempo. (Attempting to use future 'fazer' in conditional)
✓ Eu *faria* o almoço, mas não tenho tempo. (This is correct for conditional 'fazer' – the stem is 'far-' for both future and conditional, but the mistake here is confusing the use or conjugation of the stem. Let's rephrase for clarity regarding irregular stems).
✗ Ele dizirá a verdade. (Using regular ending for irregular stem)
✓ Ele *dirá* a verdade.
Why: The future stem for 'dizer' is 'dir-', not 'diz-'.
✗ Você pode me emprestar seu carro? (Asking impolitely)
✓ Você *poderia* me emprestar seu carro?
Why: 'Poderia' (conditional) is much more polite than 'pode' (present) for a request.
✗ Eu faço se tivesse dinheiro. (Using present for hypothetical)
✓ Eu *faria* se tivesse dinheiro.
Why: For hypothetical situations with 'se' (if), the main clause often uses the conditional tense.

مکالمات واقعی

A

A

Olá! Você gostaria de ir ao cinema comigo no sábado?
B

B

Ah, obrigada! Eu adoraria, mas infelizmente não poderei. Tenho um compromisso.
A

A

Que pena! Talvez você queira ir no domingo?

English:

A

A

Hello! Would you like to go to the cinema with me on Saturday?
B

B

Oh, thank you! I'd love to, but unfortunately, I won't be able to. I have an engagement.
A

A

What a pity! Maybe you will want to go on Sunday?
A

A

Com licença, você poderia me dizer onde fica a estação de trem?
B

B

Claro! Você seguirá reto por esta rua e virará na terceira à direita.
A

A

Muito obrigada! Você me salvaria muito tempo.

English:

A

A

Excuse me, could you tell me where the train station is?
B

B

Of course! You will go straight down this street and turn on the third right.
A

A

Thank you very much! You would save me a lot of time.
A

A

Meu amigo vai se casar no Brasil no próximo ano. Você acha que eu faria bem em ir?
B

B

Com certeza! Eu iria se fosse você. Será uma ótima experiência!
A

A

É, você tem razão. Eu direi a ele que irei.

English:

A

A

My friend is getting married in Brazil next year. Do you think I would do well to go?
B

B

Absolutely! I would go if I were you. It will be a great experience!
A

A

Yeah, you're right. I will tell him I'll go.

سؤالات رایج

Q

What's the difference between the simple future (e.g., 'farei') and 'ir + infinitive' (e.g., 'vou fazer') for expressing future actions?

The 'ir + infinitive' construction (e.g., Eu vou fazer) is very common in spoken Brazilian Portuguese for general future intentions, often implying a more immediate or certain future. The simple future tense (e.g., Eu farei) is generally perceived as more formal or literary, though still used, especially for more distant plans, predictions, or in written contexts. At B1, it's good to recognize both.

Q

When should I use 'Você poderia' instead of 'Você pode' for requests?

Always use 'Você poderia' for polite requests. 'Você pode' (Can you?) is more direct and can sometimes sound abrupt, especially with strangers or in formal situations. 'Você poderia' (Could you?) softens the request significantly, showing more respect and consideration.

Q

Are there other common irregular verbs in the future and conditional tenses besides 'Poder', 'Dizer', 'Querer', and 'Fazer'?

Yes, there are a few others you'll encounter. Key ones include 'Ter' (to have) which becomes 'ter-' (future: terei, terá; conditional: teria), 'Vir' (to come) which becomes 'vir-' (future: virei, virá; conditional: viria), and 'Haver' (to have/exist) which becomes 'haver-' (future: haverei, haverá; conditional: haveria). The stems for future and conditional are often the same for irregular verbs.

Q

Can I use the conditional for making suggestions to others, not just polite requests for myself?

Absolutely! The conditional is perfect for making gentle suggestions or recommendations. For example,

Você poderia tentar ligar para ele
(You could try calling him) or
Nós deveríamos estudar mais
(We should study more – 'dever' in conditional often implies 'should').

بافت فرهنگی

In Brazilian Portuguese culture, politeness and indirect communication are highly valued, particularly in initial interactions or with those of higher status. This makes the conditional tense, especially verbs like 'Gostaria' (I would like) and 'Poderia' (Could you/I), indispensable. Direct requests using the present tense, such as
Você pode me ajudar?
(Can you help me?), while grammatically correct, might be perceived as less refined than
Você poderia me ajudar?
(Could you help me?).
Using these softer forms demonstrates respect and good manners, which is crucial for building rapport.
The discussion of future plans, whether personal or professional, also benefits from the nuances of the future tense. Expressing intentions clearly but also with a sense of possibility or hypothetical outcomes allows for a more natural flow of conversation. Even the verb 'casar-se' (to get married) carries significant cultural weight; marriage and family are central to many Brazilians' lives, and discussing such events correctly using the reflexive form shows an understanding of this importance.
Mastering these forms allows you to integrate more smoothly into social settings and navigate cultural expectations with grace.

مثال‌های کلیدی (2)

1

Eu gostaria de um café, por favor.

من یک قهوه می‌خواستم، لطفاً.

درخواست‌ها و پیشنهادات مودبانه (Gostaria, Poderia)
2

Você poderia me enviar o arquivo por e-mail?

می‌تونید فایل رو با ایمیل برام بفرستید؟

درخواست‌ها و پیشنهادات مودبانه (Gostaria, Poderia)

نکات و ترفندها (4)

💡

میان‌بر Queria

توی برزیل خیلی وقت‌ها به جای Gostaria از Queria استفاده می‌کنن که یه ذره راحت‌تره ولی هنوز مودبانه‌ست:
Eu queria um suco de laranja.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: درخواست‌ها و پیشنهادات مودبانه (Gostaria, Poderia)
⚠️

استفاده از 'Se' اجباریه!

توی امتحان‌ها یا مکالمه‌های جدی، حتماً ضمیر انعکاسی رو بیار. اگه بگی Eu caso یعنی تو داری خطبه عقد رو برای بقیه می‌خونی!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ازدواج کردن به زبان پرتغالی (Casar-se)
🎯

جادوی حرف R

همیشه حواست به حرف 'r' قبل از پسوند باشه. اگه بگی comia یعنی قبلاً می‌خوردی، اما comeria یعنی 'می‌خوردم' (شرطی).
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: زمان شرطی پرتغالی: افعال باقاعده -er (من می‌خوردم اگر...)
🎯

توی برزیل مثل محلی‌ها حرف بزن

اگه می‌خوای توی برزیل خیلی طبیعی به نظر بیای، ۹۰ درصد مواقع از vou poder یا vai poder استفاده کن. استفاده از poderei ممکنه تو رو خیلی رسمی یا خارجی نشون بده:
Eu vou poder te ligar.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: آینده فعل 'Poder': گفتن 'قادر خواهد بود'

واژگان کلیدی (6)

Gostaria I would like Casar-se to get married Poderia could you Farei I will do Direi I will say Querer to want

Real-World Preview

heart

Planning the Wedding

Review Summary

  • Stem + -ia

اشتباهات رایج

Reflexive verbs require the pronoun to match the subject.

Wrong: Eu vai casar.
صحیح: Eu vou me casar.

Sometimes learners forget the stem change in 'fazer'.

Wrong: Eu farei a tarefa amanhã.
صحیح: Eu farei a tarefa amanhã.

Ensure you don't confuse conditional with future.

Wrong: Eu comeria.
صحیح: Eu comeria.

قواعد این فصل (9)

1

درخواست‌ها و پیشنهادات مودبانه (Gostaria, Poderia)

B1
با استفاده از زمان شرطی، جملات دستوری رو به درخواست‌های محترم تبدیل کن. کلماتی مثل gostaria و poderia و deveria عصای دستت هستن.
Eu gostaria de um café, por favor.
10 مثال‌ها
2

ازدواج کردن به زبان پرتغالی (Casar-se)

B1
همیشه یادت باشه از یک ضمیر انعکاسی و حرف اضافه com استفاده کنی تا جمله‌ات کاملاً درست باشه.
Eu me caso com você em qualquer lugar.
10 مثال‌ها
3

زمان شرطی پرتغالی: افعال باقاعده -er (من می‌خوردم اگر...)

B1
کافیه پسوند -ia رو به آخر مصدر فعل‌های -er اضافه کنی تا جمله‌های مؤدبانه یا فرضی مثل would بسازی.
Eu comeria dez brigadeiros agora se pudesse.
12 مثال‌ها
4

آینده فعل 'Poder': گفتن 'قادر خواهد بود'

B1
برای جاهای رسمی از poderei یا poderá استفاده کن، ولی توی حرف زدن معمولی بگو vou poder تا شبیه محلی‌ها بشی.
Depois da reunião, **eu poderei te ligar** para di...
10 مثال‌ها
5

گفتن «خواهد گفت» در پرتغالی (آینده فعل Dizer)

B1
برای استفاده از dizer در آینده، کافیه 'ze' رو حذف کنی و به تنه dir- پسوندهای معمولی رو اضافه کنی. یادت باشه این مدل حرف زدن تو رو خیلی «باکلاس» و «تحصیل‌کرده» نشون میده.
Eu `direi` a verdade ao juiz.
10 مثال‌ها
6

قصدهای آینده: 'خواهم خواست' (Querer no Futuro)

B1
برای اینکه خیلی رسمی یا جدی بگی در آینده چیزی رو «خواهی خواست»، کافیه پسوندهای آینده رو مستقیم به آخر فعل querer بچسبونی.
No futuro, eu `quererei` um emprego remoto para vi...
10 مثال‌ها
7

شرطی در پرتغالی: افعال مختوم به -ir (می‌شد/می‌کردم)

B1
برای ساختن این زمان، کافیه فعل رو کامل بنویسی و تهش از این پسوندها استفاده کنی: ia، íamos و iam.
Eu abriria a porta se tivesse a chave.
10 مثال‌ها
8

زمان شرطی: ادب و فرضیات (-ia)

B1
خیلی ساده به آخر فعل ریشه -ia اضافه کن تا بگی «انجام می‌دادم» یا خیلی شیک درخواست کنی: -ia، polite و would.
Eu viajaria o mundo todo se tivesse dinheiro.
12 مثال‌ها
9

آینده بی‌قاعده: Fazer (انجام دادن -> انجام خواهم داد)

B1
فعل fazer توی زمان آینده بی‌قاعده است و ریشه‌اش به -far تغییر می‌کنه. سه تا کلمه کلیدی یادت بمونه: farei، fará و faremos.
Eu farei o jantar hoje à noite para celebrar.
10 مثال‌ها

Next Steps

You have mastered the B1 level! Keep practicing these forms to sound like a native speaker.

Watch a Brazilian soap opera scene

Continue to: از کارهایی که این روزا می‌کنی بگو!

تمرین سریع (6)

کدوم جمله از نظر گرامری درسته؟

جمله صحیح زمان آینده را انتخاب کن:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eles dirão a verdade.
'Dirão' فرم صحیح سوم شخص جمع برای آینده‌ست. 'Dizeram' مربوط به گذشته‌ست و 'diram' اصلاً کلمه واقعی نیست.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: گفتن «خواهد گفت» در پرتغالی (آینده فعل Dizer)

جای خالی رو با شکل درست آینده فعل 'poder' پر کن.

No próximo ano, nós _______ viajar para a Europa.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: poderemos
کلمه poderemos شکل درست برای 'nós' (ما) در زمان آینده‌ست.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: آینده فعل 'Poder': گفتن 'قادر خواهد بود'

کدوم جمله برای یه چت دوستانه در برزیل طبیعی‌تره؟

Choose the most natural sentence for a text message to a friend:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu vou poder ir na sua festa.
توی مکالمات روزمره برزیل، استفاده از آینده ترکیبی vou poder خیلی رایج‌تر و طبیعی‌تره.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: آینده فعل 'Poder': گفتن 'قادر خواهد بود'

اشتباه جمله زیر رو پیدا و اصلاح کن.

Nós dizeremos o preço depois.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nós diremos o preço depois.
بخش 'ze' باید حذف بشه، پس 'dizeremos' تبدیل می‌شه به 'diremos'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: گفتن «خواهد گفت» در پرتغالی (آینده فعل Dizer)

اشتباه گرامری جمله رو پیدا و اصلاح کن.

Se você estudar, você pode falar português fluentemente um dia.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Se você estudar, você poderá falar português fluentemente um dia.
جمله اصلی از زمان حال (pode) استفاده کرده بود، در حالی که برای توانایی در آینده باید از poderá استفاده بشه.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: آینده فعل 'Poder': گفتن 'قادر خواهد بود'

جای خالی رو با فرم صحیح آینده فعل 'dizer' پر کن.

Amanhã, eu ___ a verdade para ela.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: direi
برای فاعل 'eu'، از تنه 'dir-' به اضافه پسوند 'ei' استفاده می‌کنیم. 'Dizerei' اشتباهه چون فعل بی‌قاعده‌ست.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: گفتن «خواهد گفت» در پرتغالی (آینده فعل Dizer)

Score: /6

سوالات رایج (6)

بله، از زمان حال رسمی‌تره. برای غریبه‌ها یا محیط‌های کاری عالیه. مثلاً:
Eu gostaria de falar com você.
از فعل dever استفاده کن. مثلاً:
Eu deveria estudar mais tonight.
از نظر گرامری بله، ولی شوخی‌طور برای چیزهایی که خیلی بهم میان هم استفاده میشه، مثل:
O queijo se casa com o vinho
.
فعل 'casar' (بدون se) یعنی اجرای مراسم توسط عاقد. اما 'casar-se' یعنی خودت ازدواج کنی.
Comeria حالت شرطیه (می‌خوردم)، در حالی که comia گذشته استمراریه (عادت داشتم بخورم). حرف 'r' کلید ماجراست مثل Eu comeria در مقابل Eu comia.
بله، استفاده از فعل‌هایی مثل gostaria استانداردترین راه برای مؤدب بودن در کشورهای پرتغالی‌زبانه، مخصوصاً وقتی مشتری هستی. مثلاً:
Gostaria de um café.
فصل قبلی
The Subjunctive Mood
فصل بعدی
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