B1 · 중급 챕터 34

Future, Conditional, and Polite Forms

9 총 규칙
94 예문
9

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Unlock the power of possibility and future planning in Portuguese.

  • Express polite requests and hypothetical desires.
  • Conjugate essential future and conditional tense verbs.
  • Navigate social scenarios involving future plans and invitations.
Speak with grace, plan with confidence.

배울 내용

Use the conditional for polite requests, the future tense, and master key irregular forms.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use 'Gostaria' and 'Poderia' to make polite requests in a cafe setting.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Conjugate irregular verbs like 'Fazer' and 'Dizer' in the future tense.

챕터 가이드

Overview

This chapter is your gateway to expressing future plans, polite requests, and hypothetical situations in Portuguese. Mastering the future and conditional tenses, along with specific polite forms, is crucial for B1 learners to communicate with greater nuance and naturalness. You'll move beyond simple present and past tenses, gaining the ability to discuss possibilities, make soft suggestions, and convey respect in your interactions.
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to confidently talk about what you will do (e.g., using the future of 'Poder', 'Dizer', 'Querer', and 'Fazer'), what you would like or would do (e.g., using 'Gostaria', 'Poderia', and regular conditional verbs), and even discuss life-changing events like getting married with appropriate verb forms. This knowledge will significantly enhance your ability to engage in more complex and sophisticated conversations.
You will learn the structure of regular future and conditional verbs, and conquer key irregular forms that are frequently used in daily conversation. The emphasis on polite forms like Gostaria and Poderia will also equip you to navigate social interactions with greater ease and cultural appropriateness, making your Portuguese sound much more native.

How This Grammar Works

The future and conditional tenses in Portuguese are built upon similar structures, often using the infinitive form of the verb as their base, with specific endings added. Many verbs, however, have irregular stems that need to be memorized. Politeness is often embedded within these tenses.
Polite Requests & Suggestions (Gostaria, Poderia):
For polite requests, the conditional tense is frequently used.
Gostaria de: 'I would like to'

Ex: Eu gostaria de um café, por favor. (I would like a coffee, please.)

Ex: Você gostaria de vir conosco? (Would you like to come with us?)

Poderia: 'Could you' or 'I/one could' (conditional of 'Poder')

Ex: Você poderia me ajudar? (Could you help me?)

Ex: Nós poderíamos ir mais tarde. (We could go later.)

Getting Married in Portuguese (Casar-se):
The verb 'casar' (to marry) is typically used reflexively as 'casar-se' (to get married).

Ex: Ela vai se casar no próximo ano. (She is going to get married next year.)

Ex: Eles se casariam se tivessem dinheiro. (They would get married if they had money.)

Portuguese Conditional: Regular -er Verbs (I would eat...):
For regular -er verbs, remove the -er and add the conditional endings to the *infinitive* (the full verb).
For 'você'/'ele'/'ela': infinitive + -ia

Ex: Você comeria um bolo agora? (Would you eat a cake now?) (Comer -> Comeria)

Ex: Ele viveria na praia se pudesse. (He would live on the beach if he could.) (Viver -> Viveria)

Future of 'Poder': Saying 'Will Be Able To':
The verb 'Poder' (to be able to) has an irregular future stem: 'poder-'. The endings are added to this stem.
For 'você'/'ele'/'ela': poder- + -á

Ex: Você poderá falar com ele amanhã. (You will be able to speak with him tomorrow.)

Saying 'Will Say' in Portuguese (Dizer Future):
The verb 'Dizer' (to say/tell) has an irregular future stem: 'dir-'.
For 'você'/'ele'/'ela': dir- + -á

Ex: Você dirá a verdade? (Will you tell the truth?)

Future Intentions: 'Will Want' (Querer no Futuro):
The verb 'Querer' (to want) has an irregular future stem: 'querer-'.
For 'você'/'ele'/'ela': querer- + -á

Ex: Você quererá um carro novo? (Will you want a new car?)

Portuguese Conditional: Would (-ir verbs):
For regular -ir verbs, add the conditional endings to the *infinitive* (the full verb).
For 'você'/'ele'/'ela': infinitive + -ia

Ex: Você abriria a janela para mim? (Would you open the window for me?) (Abrir -> Abriria)

Ex: Ele partiria amanhã se pudesse. (He would leave tomorrow if he could.) (Partir -> Partiria)

The Conditional Tense: Politeness & Hypotheticals (-ia):
The conditional tense is formed by adding -ia, -ias, -ia, -íamos, -íeis, -iam to the infinitive of most verbs. It's used for polite requests, what would happen in a hypothetical situation, or what would be true.

Ex: Eu viajaria se tivesse tempo. (I would travel if I had time.)

Ex: Você me ajudaria com isso? (Would you help me with this?)

Irregular Future: Fazer (To do -> I will do):
The verb 'Fazer' (to do/make) has an irregular future stem: 'far-'.
For 'você'/'ele'/'ela': far- + -á

Ex: Você fará o jantar hoje? (Will you make dinner today?)

Common Mistakes

✗ Você gostaria fazer um sanduíche?
✓ Você gostaria *de* fazer um sanduíche?
Why: 'Gostaria' when followed by an infinitive requires the preposition 'de'.
✗ Ele vai casar ela no sábado.
✓ Ele vai *se* casar no sábado. / Ele vai casar *com* ela no sábado.
Why: 'Casar-se' means 'to get married'. If you're marrying someone else, it's 'casar com alguém'. The reflexive 'se' is essential for 'to get married'.
✗ Eu faria o almoço, mas não tenho tempo. (Attempting to use future 'fazer' in conditional)
✓ Eu *faria* o almoço, mas não tenho tempo. (This is correct for conditional 'fazer' – the stem is 'far-' for both future and conditional, but the mistake here is confusing the use or conjugation of the stem. Let's rephrase for clarity regarding irregular stems).
✗ Ele dizirá a verdade. (Using regular ending for irregular stem)
✓ Ele *dirá* a verdade.
Why: The future stem for 'dizer' is 'dir-', not 'diz-'.
✗ Você pode me emprestar seu carro? (Asking impolitely)
✓ Você *poderia* me emprestar seu carro?
Why: 'Poderia' (conditional) is much more polite than 'pode' (present) for a request.
✗ Eu faço se tivesse dinheiro. (Using present for hypothetical)
✓ Eu *faria* se tivesse dinheiro.
Why: For hypothetical situations with 'se' (if), the main clause often uses the conditional tense.

Real Conversations

A

A

Olá! Você gostaria de ir ao cinema comigo no sábado?
B

B

Ah, obrigada! Eu adoraria, mas infelizmente não poderei. Tenho um compromisso.
A

A

Que pena! Talvez você queira ir no domingo?

English:

A

A

Hello! Would you like to go to the cinema with me on Saturday?
B

B

Oh, thank you! I'd love to, but unfortunately, I won't be able to. I have an engagement.
A

A

What a pity! Maybe you will want to go on Sunday?
A

A

Com licença, você poderia me dizer onde fica a estação de trem?
B

B

Claro! Você seguirá reto por esta rua e virará na terceira à direita.
A

A

Muito obrigada! Você me salvaria muito tempo.

English:

A

A

Excuse me, could you tell me where the train station is?
B

B

Of course! You will go straight down this street and turn on the third right.
A

A

Thank you very much! You would save me a lot of time.
A

A

Meu amigo vai se casar no Brasil no próximo ano. Você acha que eu faria bem em ir?
B

B

Com certeza! Eu iria se fosse você. Será uma ótima experiência!
A

A

É, você tem razão. Eu direi a ele que irei.

English:

A

A

My friend is getting married in Brazil next year. Do you think I would do well to go?
B

B

Absolutely! I would go if I were you. It will be a great experience!
A

A

Yeah, you're right. I will tell him I'll go.

Quick FAQ

Q

What's the difference between the simple future (e.g., 'farei') and 'ir + infinitive' (e.g., 'vou fazer') for expressing future actions?

The 'ir + infinitive' construction (e.g., Eu vou fazer) is very common in spoken Brazilian Portuguese for general future intentions, often implying a more immediate or certain future. The simple future tense (e.g., Eu farei) is generally perceived as more formal or literary, though still used, especially for more distant plans, predictions, or in written contexts. At B1, it's good to recognize both.

Q

When should I use 'Você poderia' instead of 'Você pode' for requests?

Always use 'Você poderia' for polite requests. 'Você pode' (Can you?) is more direct and can sometimes sound abrupt, especially with strangers or in formal situations. 'Você poderia' (Could you?) softens the request significantly, showing more respect and consideration.

Q

Are there other common irregular verbs in the future and conditional tenses besides 'Poder', 'Dizer', 'Querer', and 'Fazer'?

Yes, there are a few others you'll encounter. Key ones include 'Ter' (to have) which becomes 'ter-' (future: terei, terá; conditional: teria), 'Vir' (to come) which becomes 'vir-' (future: virei, virá; conditional: viria), and 'Haver' (to have/exist) which becomes 'haver-' (future: haverei, haverá; conditional: haveria). The stems for future and conditional are often the same for irregular verbs.

Q

Can I use the conditional for making suggestions to others, not just polite requests for myself?

Absolutely! The conditional is perfect for making gentle suggestions or recommendations. For example,

Você poderia tentar ligar para ele
(You could try calling him) or
Nós deveríamos estudar mais
(We should study more – 'dever' in conditional often implies 'should').

Cultural Context

In Brazilian Portuguese culture, politeness and indirect communication are highly valued, particularly in initial interactions or with those of higher status. This makes the conditional tense, especially verbs like 'Gostaria' (I would like) and 'Poderia' (Could you/I), indispensable. Direct requests using the present tense, such as
Você pode me ajudar?
(Can you help me?), while grammatically correct, might be perceived as less refined than
Você poderia me ajudar?
(Could you help me?).
Using these softer forms demonstrates respect and good manners, which is crucial for building rapport.
The discussion of future plans, whether personal or professional, also benefits from the nuances of the future tense. Expressing intentions clearly but also with a sense of possibility or hypothetical outcomes allows for a more natural flow of conversation. Even the verb 'casar-se' (to get married) carries significant cultural weight; marriage and family are central to many Brazilians' lives, and discussing such events correctly using the reflexive form shows an understanding of this importance.
Mastering these forms allows you to integrate more smoothly into social settings and navigate cultural expectations with grace.

주요 예문 (4)

1

Eu gostaria de um café, por favor.

커피 한 잔 주시겠어요?

정중한 요청과 제안 (Gostaria, Poderia)
2

Você poderia me enviar o arquivo por e-mail?

파일을 이메일로 보내주실 수 있을까요?

정중한 요청과 제안 (Gostaria, Poderia)
3

Eu comeria dez brigadeiros agora se pudesse.

할 수만 있다면 지금 브리가데이루 10개는 먹었을 거예요.

포르투갈어 조건법: 규칙 -er 동사 (~했을 텐데...)
4

Você beberia um café comigo amanhã?

내일 저랑 커피 한 잔 하실래요?

포르투갈어 조건법: 규칙 -er 동사 (~했을 텐데...)

팁과 요령 (4)

💡

'Queria' 지름길

브라질에서는 'Eu gostaria' 대신 미완료 과거인 'Eu queria'를 일상에서 정말 많이 써요:
Eu queria um suco de laranja.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 정중한 요청과 제안 (Gostaria, Poderia)
⚠️

'Se'는 선택이 아닌 필수!

시험이나 격식 있는 자리에서 대명사를 빼먹으면 안 돼요. Eu caso라고만 하면 내가 주례를 본다는 뜻이 되거든요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 포르투갈어로 '결혼하다' (Casar-se)
🎯

'R'의 법칙을 기억하세요

어미 앞에 'r'이 있는지 꼭 확인하세요. 'comia'라고 하면 과거형이지만, 'comeria'라고 하면 '먹었을 텐데'라는 조건법이 됩니다.
Eu comeria mais se tivesse tempo.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 포르투갈어 조건법: 규칙 -er 동사 (~했을 텐데...)
🎯

브라질 현지인처럼 말하기

브라질에서 자연스럽게 들리려면 대화의 90%는 vou poder, vai poder를 사용하세요. poderei를 쓰면 너무 격식을 차린 느낌이라 외국인처럼 보일 수 있어요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 'Poder'의 미래: '할 수 있을 것이다'라고 말하기

핵심 어휘 (6)

Gostaria I would like Casar-se to get married Poderia could you Farei I will do Direi I will say Querer to want

Real-World Preview

heart

Planning the Wedding

Review Summary

  • Stem + -ia

자주 하는 실수

Reflexive verbs require the pronoun to match the subject.

Wrong: Eu vai casar.
정답: Eu vou me casar.

Sometimes learners forget the stem change in 'fazer'.

Wrong: Eu farei a tarefa amanhã.
정답: Eu farei a tarefa amanhã.

Ensure you don't confuse conditional with future.

Wrong: Eu comeria.
정답: Eu comeria.

이 챕터의 규칙 (9)

Next Steps

You have mastered the B1 level! Keep practicing these forms to sound like a native speaker.

Watch a Brazilian soap opera scene

빠른 연습 (6)

'poder'의 정중한 형태(Você)를 빈칸에 채워보세요.

Você ___ me passar o sal?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: poderia
'você'와 함께 정중한 요청을 할 때는 조건법 형태인 'poderia'를 사용합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 정중한 요청과 제안 (Gostaria, Poderia)

'comer'의 알맞은 조건법 형태를 빈칸에 채워보세요.

Eu ___ (comer) agora, mas não tenho fome.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: comeria
'먹었을 것이다'라고 말하려면 동사 원형 'comer'에 '-ia'를 붙여 'comeria'가 됩니다. 'comia'는 과거형이에요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 포르투갈어 조건법: 규칙 -er 동사 (~했을 텐데...)

이 문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾아 고쳐보세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

Eles comia a sobremesa se estivesse disponível.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eles comeriam a sobremesa se estivesse disponível.
'comia'는 단수 과거형이에요. '그들이 먹었을 것이다'라는 복수 조건법은 'comeriam'을 써야 합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 포르투갈어 조건법: 규칙 -er 동사 (~했을 텐데...)

이 문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾아보세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

Nós poderíamos fazeria o jantar hoje?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nós poderíamos fazer o jantar hoje?
'poderíamos'처럼 이미 변화된 동사 뒤에 오는 두 번째 동사는 반드시 원형인 'fazer'를 써야 합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 정중한 요청과 제안 (Gostaria, Poderia)

음식을 주문할 때 가장 정중한 문장은 무엇일까요?

가장 예의 바른 옵션을 선택하세요:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu gostaria de uma pizza.
'Gostaria'(하고 싶습니다)는 'quero'(원해)나 'me dá'(줘)보다 훨씬 정중한 표현입니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 정중한 요청과 제안 (Gostaria, Poderia)

'우리(we)'를 주어로 한 올바른 조건법 문장을 고르세요.

가장 문법적으로 정확한 문장은 무엇인가요?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nós beberíamos um suco.
조건법의 'nós' 형태는 항상 'í'에 강세 표시(beberíamos)가 있어야 합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 포르투갈어 조건법: 규칙 -er 동사 (~했을 텐데...)

Score: /6

자주 묻는 질문 (6)

네, 현재형보다 훨씬 격식 있어요. 비즈니스 상황이나 낯선 사람에게 Eu gostaria라고 하면 아주 정중하게 들려요.
'Eu deveria'를 사용하세요. 예를 들어 Eu deveria estudar는 '나는 공부해야 한다'는 뜻이에요.
문법적으로는 그렇지만, 와인과 치즈처럼 찰떡궁합인 사물에 비유적으로도 써요.
O queijo se casa com o vinho.
'casar'는 주례를 서는 행위이고, 'casar-se'는 본인이 직접 결혼하는 거예요.
Eu me caso amanhã.
'Comeria'는 조건법(먹었을 것이다)이고, 'comia'는 불완료 과거(먹곤 했다)예요. 'r' 하나가 의미를 완전히 바꾼답니다! Eu comeria agora.
네, 맞아요! 'gostaria' 같은 동사를 쓰는 건 포르투갈어에서 아주 정중하고 격식 있게 말하는 표준적인 방법이에요.
Gostaria de pedir algo.