B1 · 中级 章节 34

Future, Conditional, and Polite Forms

9 总规则
94 例句
9 分钟
本章规则 快速练习

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Unlock the power of possibility and future planning in Portuguese.

  • Express polite requests and hypothetical desires.
  • Conjugate essential future and conditional tense verbs.
  • Navigate social scenarios involving future plans and invitations.
Speak with grace, plan with confidence.

你将学到什么

Use the conditional for polite requests, the future tense, and master key irregular forms.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use 'Gostaria' and 'Poderia' to make polite requests in a cafe setting.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Conjugate irregular verbs like 'Fazer' and 'Dizer' in the future tense.

章节指南

Overview

This chapter is your gateway to expressing future plans, polite requests, and hypothetical situations in Portuguese. Mastering the future and conditional tenses, along with specific polite forms, is crucial for B1 learners to communicate with greater nuance and naturalness. You'll move beyond simple present and past tenses, gaining the ability to discuss possibilities, make soft suggestions, and convey respect in your interactions.
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to confidently talk about what you will do (e.g., using the future of 'Poder', 'Dizer', 'Querer', and 'Fazer'), what you would like or would do (e.g., using 'Gostaria', 'Poderia', and regular conditional verbs), and even discuss life-changing events like getting married with appropriate verb forms. This knowledge will significantly enhance your ability to engage in more complex and sophisticated conversations.
You will learn the structure of regular future and conditional verbs, and conquer key irregular forms that are frequently used in daily conversation. The emphasis on polite forms like Gostaria and Poderia will also equip you to navigate social interactions with greater ease and cultural appropriateness, making your Portuguese sound much more native.

How This Grammar Works

The future and conditional tenses in Portuguese are built upon similar structures, often using the infinitive form of the verb as their base, with specific endings added. Many verbs, however, have irregular stems that need to be memorized. Politeness is often embedded within these tenses.
Polite Requests & Suggestions (Gostaria, Poderia):
For polite requests, the conditional tense is frequently used.
Gostaria de: 'I would like to'

Ex: Eu gostaria de um café, por favor. (I would like a coffee, please.)

Ex: Você gostaria de vir conosco? (Would you like to come with us?)

Poderia: 'Could you' or 'I/one could' (conditional of 'Poder')

Ex: Você poderia me ajudar? (Could you help me?)

Ex: Nós poderíamos ir mais tarde. (We could go later.)

Getting Married in Portuguese (Casar-se):
The verb 'casar' (to marry) is typically used reflexively as 'casar-se' (to get married).

Ex: Ela vai se casar no próximo ano. (She is going to get married next year.)

Ex: Eles se casariam se tivessem dinheiro. (They would get married if they had money.)

Portuguese Conditional: Regular -er Verbs (I would eat...):
For regular -er verbs, remove the -er and add the conditional endings to the *infinitive* (the full verb).
For 'você'/'ele'/'ela': infinitive + -ia

Ex: Você comeria um bolo agora? (Would you eat a cake now?) (Comer -> Comeria)

Ex: Ele viveria na praia se pudesse. (He would live on the beach if he could.) (Viver -> Viveria)

Future of 'Poder': Saying 'Will Be Able To':
The verb 'Poder' (to be able to) has an irregular future stem: 'poder-'. The endings are added to this stem.
For 'você'/'ele'/'ela': poder- + -á

Ex: Você poderá falar com ele amanhã. (You will be able to speak with him tomorrow.)

Saying 'Will Say' in Portuguese (Dizer Future):
The verb 'Dizer' (to say/tell) has an irregular future stem: 'dir-'.
For 'você'/'ele'/'ela': dir- + -á

Ex: Você dirá a verdade? (Will you tell the truth?)

Future Intentions: 'Will Want' (Querer no Futuro):
The verb 'Querer' (to want) has an irregular future stem: 'querer-'.
For 'você'/'ele'/'ela': querer- + -á

Ex: Você quererá um carro novo? (Will you want a new car?)

Portuguese Conditional: Would (-ir verbs):
For regular -ir verbs, add the conditional endings to the *infinitive* (the full verb).
For 'você'/'ele'/'ela': infinitive + -ia

Ex: Você abriria a janela para mim? (Would you open the window for me?) (Abrir -> Abriria)

Ex: Ele partiria amanhã se pudesse. (He would leave tomorrow if he could.) (Partir -> Partiria)

The Conditional Tense: Politeness & Hypotheticals (-ia):
The conditional tense is formed by adding -ia, -ias, -ia, -íamos, -íeis, -iam to the infinitive of most verbs. It's used for polite requests, what would happen in a hypothetical situation, or what would be true.

Ex: Eu viajaria se tivesse tempo. (I would travel if I had time.)

Ex: Você me ajudaria com isso? (Would you help me with this?)

Irregular Future: Fazer (To do -> I will do):
The verb 'Fazer' (to do/make) has an irregular future stem: 'far-'.
For 'você'/'ele'/'ela': far- + -á

Ex: Você fará o jantar hoje? (Will you make dinner today?)

Common Mistakes

✗ Você gostaria fazer um sanduíche?
✓ Você gostaria *de* fazer um sanduíche?
Why: 'Gostaria' when followed by an infinitive requires the preposition 'de'.
✗ Ele vai casar ela no sábado.
✓ Ele vai *se* casar no sábado. / Ele vai casar *com* ela no sábado.
Why: 'Casar-se' means 'to get married'. If you're marrying someone else, it's 'casar com alguém'. The reflexive 'se' is essential for 'to get married'.
✗ Eu faria o almoço, mas não tenho tempo. (Attempting to use future 'fazer' in conditional)
✓ Eu *faria* o almoço, mas não tenho tempo. (This is correct for conditional 'fazer' – the stem is 'far-' for both future and conditional, but the mistake here is confusing the use or conjugation of the stem. Let's rephrase for clarity regarding irregular stems).
✗ Ele dizirá a verdade. (Using regular ending for irregular stem)
✓ Ele *dirá* a verdade.
Why: The future stem for 'dizer' is 'dir-', not 'diz-'.
✗ Você pode me emprestar seu carro? (Asking impolitely)
✓ Você *poderia* me emprestar seu carro?
Why: 'Poderia' (conditional) is much more polite than 'pode' (present) for a request.
✗ Eu faço se tivesse dinheiro. (Using present for hypothetical)
✓ Eu *faria* se tivesse dinheiro.
Why: For hypothetical situations with 'se' (if), the main clause often uses the conditional tense.

Real Conversations

A

A

Olá! Você gostaria de ir ao cinema comigo no sábado?
B

B

Ah, obrigada! Eu adoraria, mas infelizmente não poderei. Tenho um compromisso.
A

A

Que pena! Talvez você queira ir no domingo?

English:

A

A

Hello! Would you like to go to the cinema with me on Saturday?
B

B

Oh, thank you! I'd love to, but unfortunately, I won't be able to. I have an engagement.
A

A

What a pity! Maybe you will want to go on Sunday?
A

A

Com licença, você poderia me dizer onde fica a estação de trem?
B

B

Claro! Você seguirá reto por esta rua e virará na terceira à direita.
A

A

Muito obrigada! Você me salvaria muito tempo.

English:

A

A

Excuse me, could you tell me where the train station is?
B

B

Of course! You will go straight down this street and turn on the third right.
A

A

Thank you very much! You would save me a lot of time.
A

A

Meu amigo vai se casar no Brasil no próximo ano. Você acha que eu faria bem em ir?
B

B

Com certeza! Eu iria se fosse você. Será uma ótima experiência!
A

A

É, você tem razão. Eu direi a ele que irei.

English:

A

A

My friend is getting married in Brazil next year. Do you think I would do well to go?
B

B

Absolutely! I would go if I were you. It will be a great experience!
A

A

Yeah, you're right. I will tell him I'll go.

Quick FAQ

Q

What's the difference between the simple future (e.g., 'farei') and 'ir + infinitive' (e.g., 'vou fazer') for expressing future actions?

The 'ir + infinitive' construction (e.g., Eu vou fazer) is very common in spoken Brazilian Portuguese for general future intentions, often implying a more immediate or certain future. The simple future tense (e.g., Eu farei) is generally perceived as more formal or literary, though still used, especially for more distant plans, predictions, or in written contexts. At B1, it's good to recognize both.

Q

When should I use 'Você poderia' instead of 'Você pode' for requests?

Always use 'Você poderia' for polite requests. 'Você pode' (Can you?) is more direct and can sometimes sound abrupt, especially with strangers or in formal situations. 'Você poderia' (Could you?) softens the request significantly, showing more respect and consideration.

Q

Are there other common irregular verbs in the future and conditional tenses besides 'Poder', 'Dizer', 'Querer', and 'Fazer'?

Yes, there are a few others you'll encounter. Key ones include 'Ter' (to have) which becomes 'ter-' (future: terei, terá; conditional: teria), 'Vir' (to come) which becomes 'vir-' (future: virei, virá; conditional: viria), and 'Haver' (to have/exist) which becomes 'haver-' (future: haverei, haverá; conditional: haveria). The stems for future and conditional are often the same for irregular verbs.

Q

Can I use the conditional for making suggestions to others, not just polite requests for myself?

Absolutely! The conditional is perfect for making gentle suggestions or recommendations. For example,

Você poderia tentar ligar para ele
(You could try calling him) or
Nós deveríamos estudar mais
(We should study more – 'dever' in conditional often implies 'should').

Cultural Context

In Brazilian Portuguese culture, politeness and indirect communication are highly valued, particularly in initial interactions or with those of higher status. This makes the conditional tense, especially verbs like 'Gostaria' (I would like) and 'Poderia' (Could you/I), indispensable. Direct requests using the present tense, such as
Você pode me ajudar?
(Can you help me?), while grammatically correct, might be perceived as less refined than
Você poderia me ajudar?
(Could you help me?).
Using these softer forms demonstrates respect and good manners, which is crucial for building rapport.
The discussion of future plans, whether personal or professional, also benefits from the nuances of the future tense. Expressing intentions clearly but also with a sense of possibility or hypothetical outcomes allows for a more natural flow of conversation. Even the verb 'casar-se' (to get married) carries significant cultural weight; marriage and family are central to many Brazilians' lives, and discussing such events correctly using the reflexive form shows an understanding of this importance.
Mastering these forms allows you to integrate more smoothly into social settings and navigate cultural expectations with grace.

关键例句 (8)

1

Eu gostaria de um café, por favor.

请给我来杯咖啡。

礼貌的请求与建议 (Gostaria, Poderia)
2

Você poderia me enviar o arquivo por e-mail?

您能通过电子邮件把文件发给我吗？

礼貌的请求与建议 (Gostaria, Poderia)
3

Eu me caso com você em qualquer lugar.

I’ll marry you anywhere.

用葡萄牙语说“结婚” (Casar-se)
4

Eles se casam e postam tudo no Instagram.

They get married and post everything on Instagram.

用葡萄牙语说“结婚” (Casar-se)
5

Eu comeria dez brigadeiros agora se pudesse.

如果可以的话，我现在能炫掉十个巧克力球。

葡萄牙语条件式：规则 -er 动词（我会吃...）
6

Você beberia um café comigo amanhã?

你明天愿意和我一起喝杯咖啡吗？

葡萄牙语条件式：规则 -er 动词（我会吃...）
7

Depois da reunião, **eu poderei te ligar** para discutir o projeto.

会议结束后，我将能够给你打电话讨论这个项目。

“Poder”的将来时：表达“将能够”
8

A gente vai no cinema sexta, **você vai poder ir**?

我们周五去电影院，你能去吗？

“Poder”的将来时：表达“将能够”

技巧与窍门 (4)

💡

巴西人的‘口语捷径’

在巴西买东西时，大家常说 Eu queria 而不是 Eu gostaria，虽然语法上是过去时，但听起来非常亲切得体。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 礼貌的请求与建议 (Gostaria, Poderia)
💡

Pronoun placement

In Brazil, put the pronoun before the verb.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 用葡萄牙语说“结婚” (Casar-se)
🎯

关键的字母 R

一定要检查结尾前的 'r'。如果你说 comia，那是过去式；说 comeria 才是“我会吃”。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 葡萄牙语条件式：规则 -er 动词（我会吃...）
🎯

像巴西当地人一样说话

在巴西，90% 的对话都会用 vou poder。如果你用 poderei，听起来会非常正式，甚至像个外国人。
Você vai poder me ajudar?
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: “Poder”的将来时：表达“将能够”

核心词汇 (6)

Gostaria I would like Casar-se to get married Poderia could you Farei I will do Direi I will say Querer to want

Real-World Preview

heart

Planning the Wedding

Review Summary

  • Stem + -ia

常见错误

Reflexive verbs require the pronoun to match the subject.

Wrong: Eu vai casar.
正确: Eu vou me casar.

Sometimes learners forget the stem change in 'fazer'.

Wrong: Eu farei a tarefa amanhã.
正确: Eu farei a tarefa amanhã.

Ensure you don't confuse conditional with future.

Wrong: Eu comeria.
正确: Eu comeria.

本章规则 (9)

1

礼貌的请求与建议 (Gostaria, Poderia)

B1
条件式是你的社交润滑剂，能把命令变成请求。记住这三个“魔法词”： gostaria (我想), poderia (你能吗), deveria (应该)。
Eu gostaria de um café, por favor.
10 例句
2

用葡萄牙语说“结婚” (Casar-se)

B1
Always use a reflexive pronoun and the preposition 'com' when talking about someone getting married in Portuguese.
Eu me caso com você em qualquer lugar.
10 例句
3

葡萄牙语条件式：规则 -er 动词（我会吃...）

B1
只要在规则的 -er 动词原形后加上 -ia 后缀，就能变出优雅的“我会...”表达。记住这几个高频词： gostaria、 comeria、 beberia。
Eu comeria dez brigadeiros agora se pudesse.
12 例句
4

“Poder”的将来时：表达“将能够”

B1
书面或正式场合请使用 poderei/poderá，但日常聊天一定要用 vou poder 才够地道。
Depois da reunião, **eu poderei te ligar** para di...
10 例句
5

在葡萄牙语中表达“将要说” (Dizer 的将来时变位)

B1
变位时记得把 ze 甩掉，直接在词干 dir- 后面加将来时结尾。记住这三个关键词：dir-、«将来时»、«去掉ze»。
Eu `direi` a verdade ao juiz.
10 例句
6

未来的意愿：“将想要” (Querer no Futuro)

B1
想在正式场合表达“将要”，直接在动词原形后加上词尾，变成 quererei 或 quererá 就搞定啦！
No futuro, eu `quererei` um emprego remoto para vi...
10 例句
7

葡萄牙语条件式：-ir 动词 (我会...)

B1
葡萄牙语 -ir 动词的条件式非常直观，就是“动词原形”加上 -ia 系列后缀。
Eu abriria a porta se tivesse a chave.
10 例句
8

条件式：礼貌表达与假设 (-ia)

B1
在动词原形后加上 -ia，就能轻松表达“会发生什么”或者进行礼貌提问啦！
Eu viajaria o mundo todo se tivesse dinheiro.
12 例句
9

不规则将来时：Fazer（做 -> 我将做）

B1
动词 fazer 在将来时非常特殊，它的词干会缩短为 far-，然后加上 farei、farás 或 fará 这样的标准词尾。
Eu farei o jantar hoje à noite para celebrar.
10 例句

Next Steps

You have mastered the B1 level! Keep practicing these forms to sound like a native speaker.

Watch a Brazilian soap opera scene

Continue to: Talking About Recent Habits

快速练习 (10)

用 'querer' 的正确将来时形式填空。

Eu ___ (querer) viajar para Portugal no próximo ano.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: quererei
对于 'Eu'，将来时词尾是加在动词原形 'querer' 后面的 -ei。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 未来的意愿：“将想要” (Querer no Futuro)

找出 'nós' 将来时句子中的错误。

Find and fix the mistake:

Nós quereamos jantar fora amanhã.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nós quereremos jantar fora amanhã.
'nós' 的将来时形式是 'quereremos'。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 未来的意愿：“将想要” (Querer no Futuro)

选择正确的假设性句子。

Which sentence means 'I would buy that car'?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu compraria aquele carro.
Compraria 是条件式形式。Comprei 是过去时。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 条件式：礼貌表达与假设 (-ia)

在空格处填入 poder 的正确将来时形式。

No próximo ano, nós _______ viajar para a Europa.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: poderemos
Poderemos 是 nós 的正确将来时形式，表示“我们将能够”。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: “Poder”的将来时：表达“将能够”

哪句话正确使用了 '我们' 的条件式？

选择语法正确的句子：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nós beberíamos um suco.
条件式的 'nós' 形式在 'í' 上必须有重音符号 (beberíamos)。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 葡萄牙语条件式：规则 -er 动词（我会吃...）

Correct the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Eu caso.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu me caso
Needs reflexive.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 用葡萄牙语说“结婚” (Casar-se)

用 'comer' 的正确条件式形式填空。

Eu ___ (comer) agora, mas não tenho fome.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: comeria
要表达“我会吃”，需要在动词原形 'comer' 后加 '-ia'。'Comia' 是过去式，'comerei' 是将来时。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 葡萄牙语条件式：规则 -er 动词（我会吃...）

哪句话在语法上是正确的？

选择正确的将来时句子：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eles dirão a verdade.
'Dirão' 是正确的人称复数将来时形式。'Dizeram' 是过去时错误，而 'diram' 根本不是一个词。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 在葡萄牙语中表达“将要说” (Dizer 的将来时变位)

找出并修正句子中的错误。

Nós dizeremos o preço depois.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nós diremos o preço depois.
必须去掉 'ze'，将 'dizeremos' 改为 'diremos'。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 在葡萄牙语中表达“将要说” (Dizer 的将来时变位)

Choose the correct form.

Eles ___ casam.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: se
Eles requires 'se'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 用葡萄牙语说“结婚” (Casar-se)

Score: /10

常见问题 (6)

是的，它比现在时更正式。非常适合职场、面对陌生人或想表现得格外客气时使用，比如 Eu gostaria。
使用 Eu deveria。例如，Eu deveria estudar 的意思是“我应该学习”。
It makes the verb reflexive, meaning the action happens to you.
No, but it means 'to perform a wedding'.
'comeria' 是条件式（我会吃），而 'comia' 是过去未完成时（我以前常吃）。关键区别就在那个 'r' 字母！例如： Eu comeria agora。
是的，使用像 gostaria 这样的动词是葡语中表达礼貌的标准方式，尤其是在服务场所。
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