B1 · متوسط فصل 34

Future, Conditional, and Polite Forms

9 القواعد الإجمالية
94 أمثلة
9 دقيقة
القواعد في هذا الفصل تدريب سريع

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Unlock the power of possibility and future planning in Portuguese.

  • Express polite requests and hypothetical desires.
  • Conjugate essential future and conditional tense verbs.
  • Navigate social scenarios involving future plans and invitations.
Speak with grace, plan with confidence.

ما ستتعلمه

Use the conditional for polite requests, the future tense, and master key irregular forms.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use 'Gostaria' and 'Poderia' to make polite requests in a cafe setting.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Conjugate irregular verbs like 'Fazer' and 'Dizer' in the future tense.

دليل الفصل

نظرة عامة

This chapter is your gateway to expressing future plans, polite requests, and hypothetical situations in Portuguese. Mastering the future and conditional tenses, along with specific polite forms, is crucial for B1 learners to communicate with greater nuance and naturalness. You'll move beyond simple present and past tenses, gaining the ability to discuss possibilities, make soft suggestions, and convey respect in your interactions.
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to confidently talk about what you will do (e.g., using the future of 'Poder', 'Dizer', 'Querer', and 'Fazer'), what you would like or would do (e.g., using 'Gostaria', 'Poderia', and regular conditional verbs), and even discuss life-changing events like getting married with appropriate verb forms. This knowledge will significantly enhance your ability to engage in more complex and sophisticated conversations.
You will learn the structure of regular future and conditional verbs, and conquer key irregular forms that are frequently used in daily conversation. The emphasis on polite forms like Gostaria and Poderia will also equip you to navigate social interactions with greater ease and cultural appropriateness, making your Portuguese sound much more native.

كيف تعمل هذه القاعدة

The future and conditional tenses in Portuguese are built upon similar structures, often using the infinitive form of the verb as their base, with specific endings added. Many verbs, however, have irregular stems that need to be memorized. Politeness is often embedded within these tenses.
Polite Requests & Suggestions (Gostaria, Poderia):
For polite requests, the conditional tense is frequently used.
Gostaria de: 'I would like to'

Ex: Eu gostaria de um café, por favor. (I would like a coffee, please.)

Ex: Você gostaria de vir conosco? (Would you like to come with us?)

Poderia: 'Could you' or 'I/one could' (conditional of 'Poder')

Ex: Você poderia me ajudar? (Could you help me?)

Ex: Nós poderíamos ir mais tarde. (We could go later.)

Getting Married in Portuguese (Casar-se):
The verb 'casar' (to marry) is typically used reflexively as 'casar-se' (to get married).

Ex: Ela vai se casar no próximo ano. (She is going to get married next year.)

Ex: Eles se casariam se tivessem dinheiro. (They would get married if they had money.)

Portuguese Conditional: Regular -er Verbs (I would eat...):
For regular -er verbs, remove the -er and add the conditional endings to the *infinitive* (the full verb).
For 'você'/'ele'/'ela': infinitive + -ia

Ex: Você comeria um bolo agora? (Would you eat a cake now?) (Comer -> Comeria)

Ex: Ele viveria na praia se pudesse. (He would live on the beach if he could.) (Viver -> Viveria)

Future of 'Poder': Saying 'Will Be Able To':
The verb 'Poder' (to be able to) has an irregular future stem: 'poder-'. The endings are added to this stem.
For 'você'/'ele'/'ela': poder- + -á

Ex: Você poderá falar com ele amanhã. (You will be able to speak with him tomorrow.)

Saying 'Will Say' in Portuguese (Dizer Future):
The verb 'Dizer' (to say/tell) has an irregular future stem: 'dir-'.
For 'você'/'ele'/'ela': dir- + -á

Ex: Você dirá a verdade? (Will you tell the truth?)

Future Intentions: 'Will Want' (Querer no Futuro):
The verb 'Querer' (to want) has an irregular future stem: 'querer-'.
For 'você'/'ele'/'ela': querer- + -á

Ex: Você quererá um carro novo? (Will you want a new car?)

Portuguese Conditional: Would (-ir verbs):
For regular -ir verbs, add the conditional endings to the *infinitive* (the full verb).
For 'você'/'ele'/'ela': infinitive + -ia

Ex: Você abriria a janela para mim? (Would you open the window for me?) (Abrir -> Abriria)

Ex: Ele partiria amanhã se pudesse. (He would leave tomorrow if he could.) (Partir -> Partiria)

The Conditional Tense: Politeness & Hypotheticals (-ia):
The conditional tense is formed by adding -ia, -ias, -ia, -íamos, -íeis, -iam to the infinitive of most verbs. It's used for polite requests, what would happen in a hypothetical situation, or what would be true.

Ex: Eu viajaria se tivesse tempo. (I would travel if I had time.)

Ex: Você me ajudaria com isso? (Would you help me with this?)

Irregular Future: Fazer (To do -> I will do):
The verb 'Fazer' (to do/make) has an irregular future stem: 'far-'.
For 'você'/'ele'/'ela': far- + -á

Ex: Você fará o jantar hoje? (Will you make dinner today?)

الأخطاء الشائعة

✗ Você gostaria fazer um sanduíche?
✓ Você gostaria *de* fazer um sanduíche?
Why: 'Gostaria' when followed by an infinitive requires the preposition 'de'.
✗ Ele vai casar ela no sábado.
✓ Ele vai *se* casar no sábado. / Ele vai casar *com* ela no sábado.
Why: 'Casar-se' means 'to get married'. If you're marrying someone else, it's 'casar com alguém'. The reflexive 'se' is essential for 'to get married'.
✗ Eu faria o almoço, mas não tenho tempo. (Attempting to use future 'fazer' in conditional)
✓ Eu *faria* o almoço, mas não tenho tempo. (This is correct for conditional 'fazer' – the stem is 'far-' for both future and conditional, but the mistake here is confusing the use or conjugation of the stem. Let's rephrase for clarity regarding irregular stems).
✗ Ele dizirá a verdade. (Using regular ending for irregular stem)
✓ Ele *dirá* a verdade.
Why: The future stem for 'dizer' is 'dir-', not 'diz-'.
✗ Você pode me emprestar seu carro? (Asking impolitely)
✓ Você *poderia* me emprestar seu carro?
Why: 'Poderia' (conditional) is much more polite than 'pode' (present) for a request.
✗ Eu faço se tivesse dinheiro. (Using present for hypothetical)
✓ Eu *faria* se tivesse dinheiro.
Why: For hypothetical situations with 'se' (if), the main clause often uses the conditional tense.

محادثات حقيقية

A

A

Olá! Você gostaria de ir ao cinema comigo no sábado?
B

B

Ah, obrigada! Eu adoraria, mas infelizmente não poderei. Tenho um compromisso.
A

A

Que pena! Talvez você queira ir no domingo?

English:

A

A

Hello! Would you like to go to the cinema with me on Saturday?
B

B

Oh, thank you! I'd love to, but unfortunately, I won't be able to. I have an engagement.
A

A

What a pity! Maybe you will want to go on Sunday?
A

A

Com licença, você poderia me dizer onde fica a estação de trem?
B

B

Claro! Você seguirá reto por esta rua e virará na terceira à direita.
A

A

Muito obrigada! Você me salvaria muito tempo.

English:

A

A

Excuse me, could you tell me where the train station is?
B

B

Of course! You will go straight down this street and turn on the third right.
A

A

Thank you very much! You would save me a lot of time.
A

A

Meu amigo vai se casar no Brasil no próximo ano. Você acha que eu faria bem em ir?
B

B

Com certeza! Eu iria se fosse você. Será uma ótima experiência!
A

A

É, você tem razão. Eu direi a ele que irei.

English:

A

A

My friend is getting married in Brazil next year. Do you think I would do well to go?
B

B

Absolutely! I would go if I were you. It will be a great experience!
A

A

Yeah, you're right. I will tell him I'll go.

أسئلة شائعة

Q

What's the difference between the simple future (e.g., 'farei') and 'ir + infinitive' (e.g., 'vou fazer') for expressing future actions?

The 'ir + infinitive' construction (e.g., Eu vou fazer) is very common in spoken Brazilian Portuguese for general future intentions, often implying a more immediate or certain future. The simple future tense (e.g., Eu farei) is generally perceived as more formal or literary, though still used, especially for more distant plans, predictions, or in written contexts. At B1, it's good to recognize both.

Q

When should I use 'Você poderia' instead of 'Você pode' for requests?

Always use 'Você poderia' for polite requests. 'Você pode' (Can you?) is more direct and can sometimes sound abrupt, especially with strangers or in formal situations. 'Você poderia' (Could you?) softens the request significantly, showing more respect and consideration.

Q

Are there other common irregular verbs in the future and conditional tenses besides 'Poder', 'Dizer', 'Querer', and 'Fazer'?

Yes, there are a few others you'll encounter. Key ones include 'Ter' (to have) which becomes 'ter-' (future: terei, terá; conditional: teria), 'Vir' (to come) which becomes 'vir-' (future: virei, virá; conditional: viria), and 'Haver' (to have/exist) which becomes 'haver-' (future: haverei, haverá; conditional: haveria). The stems for future and conditional are often the same for irregular verbs.

Q

Can I use the conditional for making suggestions to others, not just polite requests for myself?

Absolutely! The conditional is perfect for making gentle suggestions or recommendations. For example,

Você poderia tentar ligar para ele
(You could try calling him) or
Nós deveríamos estudar mais
(We should study more – 'dever' in conditional often implies 'should').

السياق الثقافي

In Brazilian Portuguese culture, politeness and indirect communication are highly valued, particularly in initial interactions or with those of higher status. This makes the conditional tense, especially verbs like 'Gostaria' (I would like) and 'Poderia' (Could you/I), indispensable. Direct requests using the present tense, such as
Você pode me ajudar?
(Can you help me?), while grammatically correct, might be perceived as less refined than
Você poderia me ajudar?
(Could you help me?).
Using these softer forms demonstrates respect and good manners, which is crucial for building rapport.
The discussion of future plans, whether personal or professional, also benefits from the nuances of the future tense. Expressing intentions clearly but also with a sense of possibility or hypothetical outcomes allows for a more natural flow of conversation. Even the verb 'casar-se' (to get married) carries significant cultural weight; marriage and family are central to many Brazilians' lives, and discussing such events correctly using the reflexive form shows an understanding of this importance.
Mastering these forms allows you to integrate more smoothly into social settings and navigate cultural expectations with grace.

أمثلة رئيسية (6)

1

Eu gostaria de um café, por favor.

أود الحصول على قهوة، من فضلك.

الطلبات والاقتراحات المهذبة (Gostaria, Poderia)
2

Você poderia me enviar o arquivo por e-mail?

هل يمكنك إرسال الملف لي عبر البريد الإلكتروني؟

الطلبات والاقتراحات المهذبة (Gostaria, Poderia)
3

Eu `direi` a verdade ao juiz.

سأقول الحقيقة للقاضي.

قول 'سأقول' في البرتغالية: فعل Dizer في المستقبل
4

O que você `dirá` no seu post de amanhã?

ماذا ستقول في منشورك غداً؟

قول 'سأقول' في البرتغالية: فعل Dizer في المستقبل
5

No futuro, eu `quererei` um emprego remoto para viajar.

In the future, I will want a remote job to travel.

النوايا المستقبلية: 'سوف أريد' (Querer no Futuro)
6

Você `quererá` baixar o novo jogo amanhã?

Will you want to download the new game tomorrow?

النوايا المستقبلية: 'سوف أريد' (Querer no Futuro)

نصائح وحيل (4)

💡

اختصار Queria الذكي

في البرازيل، كتير هتسمع الناس بتقول 'Eu queria' بدل 'Eu gostaria'. هي أقل رسمية شوية بس منتشرة جداً ومهذبة في التعاملات اليومية:
Eu queria uma informação, por favor.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الطلبات والاقتراحات المهذبة (Gostaria, Poderia)
⚠️

الـ 'Se' مش اختيارية!

في الاختبارات، لازم تحط الضمير المنعكس. جملة Eu caso تعني إنك أنت المأذون اللي بيعقد القران!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الزواج في البرتغالية (Casar-se)
🎯

سر حرف الـ R

تأكد دايماً من وجود الـ 'r' قبل النهاية. لو قلت comia فأنت بتتكلم عن الماضي، لكن comeria هي عالم الـ 'لو'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الصيغة الشرطية في البرتغالية: أفعال -er المنتظمة (كنت سآكل...)
🎯

تكلم كأنك ابن البلد في البرازيل

عشان تبان طبيعي فوراً، استخدم vou poder أو vai poder في 90% من كلامك. استخدام poderei قد يجعلك تبدو رسمياً جداً:
Eu vou poder te ver amanhã.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: مستقبل الفعل 'Poder': قول 'سأكون قادرًا على'

المفردات الرئيسية (6)

Gostaria I would like Casar-se to get married Poderia could you Farei I will do Direi I will say Querer to want

Real-World Preview

heart

Planning the Wedding

Review Summary

  • Stem + -ia

أخطاء شائعة

Reflexive verbs require the pronoun to match the subject.

Wrong: Eu vai casar.
صحيح: Eu vou me casar.

Sometimes learners forget the stem change in 'fazer'.

Wrong: Eu farei a tarefa amanhã.
صحيح: Eu farei a tarefa amanhã.

Ensure you don't confuse conditional with future.

Wrong: Eu comeria.
صحيح: Eu comeria.

القواعد في هذا الفصل (9)

1

الطلبات والاقتراحات المهذبة (Gostaria, Poderia)

B1
صيغة الشرط هي أداتك السحرية لتحويل الأوامر لطلبات راقية، بتخليك تبان متمكن ومحترم باستخدام كلمات زي gostaria و poderia.
Eu gostaria de um café, por favor.
10 أمثلة
2

الزواج في البرتغالية (Casar-se)

B1
تذكر دائمًا إن فعل الزواج بالبرتغالية يحتاج «ضمير منعكس» وحرف الجر com لربط الأشخاص ببعضهم.
Eu me caso com você em qualquer lugar.
10 أمثلة
3

الصيغة الشرطية في البرتغالية: أفعال -er المنتظمة (كنت سآكل...)

B1
ببساطة، ضيف النهاية -ia لأي فعل منتظم ينتهي بـ -er عشان تعبر عن «لو» أو تطلب بأسلوب مهذب.
Eu comeria dez brigadeiros agora se pudesse.
12 أمثلة
4

مستقبل الفعل 'Poder': قول 'سأكون قادرًا على'

B1
استخدم الصيغة الرسمية poderei و poderá في الكتابة والوثائق، لكن في حياتك اليومية خليك مع vou poder.
Depois da reunião, **eu poderei te ligar** para di...
10 أمثلة
5

قول 'سأقول' في البرتغالية: فعل Dizer في المستقبل

B1
عشان تستخدم فعل Dizer في المستقبل، شيل الـ ze وضيف النهايات العادية للجذر dir-. الأدوات الأساسية: dir-، «حذف ze»، «مستقبل رسمي».
Eu `direi` a verdade ao juiz.
10 أمثلة
6

النوايا المستقبلية: 'سوف أريد' (Querer no Futuro)

B1
To say you 'will want' something formally, add future endings directly to the full verb querer.
No futuro, eu `quererei` um emprego remoto para vi...
10 أمثلة
7

الشرط في البرتغالية: أفعال -ir (سأفعل)

B1
القاعدة بسيطة: سيب الفعل زي ما هو وزود عليه نهايات ia عشان تعبر عن «كنت هـ...» أو الطلب المؤدب مثل abriria و partiríamos.
Eu abriria a porta se tivesse a chave.
10 أمثلة
8

صيغة الشرط: التهذيب والافتراضات (-ia)

B1
أضف '-ia' للفعل في المصدر للتعبير عما سيحدث أو للسؤال بأدب. لديك أدوات رائعة: would للتمني، could للطلب، should للنصيحة.
Eu viajaria o mundo todo se tivesse dinheiro.
12 أمثلة
9

المستقبل غير المنتظم: Fazer (يفعل -> سأفعل)

B1
الفعل fazer متمرد شوية في المستقبل، بيغير جذره لـ far- قبل ما نضيف النهايات العادية زي farei و fará و faremos.
Eu farei o jantar hoje à noite para celebrar.
10 أمثلة

Next Steps

You have mastered the B1 level! Keep practicing these forms to sound like a native speaker.

Watch a Brazilian soap opera scene

Continue to: Talking About Recent Habits

تدريب سريع (10)

أكمل الطلب المهذب.

Eu ___ (gostar) de um copo d'água, por favor.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: gostaria
للطلبات المهذبة، نستخدم صيغة الشرط (-ia). Gostava هي الماضي الناقص (غير رسمي جدًا/ماضي)، gostarei هي المستقبل (حازمة جدًا).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: صيغة الشرط: التهذيب والافتراضات (-ia)

Choose the correct form.

Ele ___ (querer) comer agora.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: quererá
Future tense for 'ele'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: النوايا المستقبلية: 'سوف أريد' (Querer no Futuro)

أي جملة صحيحة من الناحية القواعدية؟

اختر الجملة الصحيحة في زمن المستقبل:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eles dirão a verdade.
Dirão هي الصيغة الصحيحة للجمع الغائب في المستقبل. Dizeram ماضي، و diram كلمة مش موجودة أصلاً.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: قول 'سأقول' في البرتغالية: فعل Dizer في المستقبل

Fill in the blank.

Eu ___ (querer) viajar amanhã.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: quererei
Future tense for 'eu'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: النوايا المستقبلية: 'سوف أريد' (Querer no Futuro)

أوجد الخطأ في هذه الجملة.

Nós poderíamos fazeria o jantar hoje?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nós poderíamos fazer o jantar hoje?
بعد فعل مصرف زي 'poderíamos'، الفعل التاني لازم يفضل في المصدر 'fazer'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الطلبات والاقتراحات المهذبة (Gostaria, Poderia)

اختر الجملة الافتراضية الصحيحة.

أي جملة تعني "كنت سأشتري تلك السيارة"؟

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu compraria aquele carro.
Compraria هي صيغة الشرط. Comprei هي صيغة الماضي.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: صيغة الشرط: التهذيب والافتراضات (-ia)

املأ الفراغ بالصيغة المهذبة الصحيحة لفعل 'poder' مع الضمير (Você).

Você ___ me passar o sal?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: poderia
عشان تطلب طلب مهذب مع 'você'، بنستخدم صيغة الشرط 'poderia'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الطلبات والاقتراحات المهذبة (Gostaria, Poderia)

املأ الفراغ بصيغة المستقبل الصحيحة لفعل 'dizer'.

Amanhã, eu ___ a verdade para ela.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: direi
مع الضمير eu، بنستخدم الجذر dir- وبنضيف النهاية ei. كلمة dizerei غلط لأن الفعل غير منتظم.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: قول 'سأقول' في البرتغالية: فعل Dizer في المستقبل

صحح الفعل غير المنتظم.

Find and fix the mistake:

Se eu pudesse, eu fazeria um bolo.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Se eu pudesse, eu faria um bolo.
Fazer غير منتظم في صيغة الشرط. يتغير الجذر إلى far-، مكونًا faria.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: صيغة الشرط: التهذيب والافتراضات (-ia)

Correct the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Nós quereremos de ir.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nós quereremos ir
Remove 'de'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: النوايا المستقبلية: 'سوف أريد' (Querer no Futuro)

Score: /10

أسئلة شائعة (6)

نعم، هي أكثر رسمية من المضارع. هي مثالية في بيئة العمل، مع الغرباء، أو لما تحب تبين احترامك الزايد:
Eu gostaria de falar com o gerente.
استخدم 'Eu deveria'. مثلاً:
Eu deveria estudar mais
يعني 'يجب أن أدرس أكثر'.
قواعديًا نعم، لكن ممكن تستخدمه للمزاح عن أشياء متناغمة مثل:
O queijo se casa com o vinho
.
فعل 'casar' بدون 'se' يعني إجراء المراسيم كمأذون، أما 'casar-se' يعني أنك أنت العريس أو العروس.
الفرق في حرف الـ 'r'! كلمة comeria هي شرطية (كنت سآكل)، بينما comia هي ماضي مستمر (كنت آكل سابقاً).
نعم، استخدام أفعال مثل gostaria هو الطريقة القياسية لتكون مهذباً ورسمياً، خاصة عند طلب الخدمات.
الفصل السابق
The Subjunctive Mood
الفصل التالي
Talking About Recent Habits
العودة إلى خارطة الطريق