B1 · متوسط فصل 33

The Subjunctive Mood

6 القواعد الإجمالية
62 أمثلة
9 دقيقة
القواعد في هذا الفصل تدريب سريع

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of expressing what you wish, doubt, and hope for in Portuguese.

  • Identify triggers for the subjunctive mood.
  • Conjugate regular verbs in the present and future subjunctive.
  • Apply the subjunctive to express hypothetical future conditions.
Unlock the world of possibilities and dreams.

ما ستتعلمه

Express wishes, doubts, and emotions using the present and future subjunctive in Portuguese.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use 'talvez' and 'duvido que' to express uncertainty about current events.

دليل الفصل

نظرة عامة

The subjunctive mood in Portuguese is a fascinating and crucial aspect of the language, allowing speakers to express a world beyond simple facts. Unlike the indicative mood, which states what is real or certain, the subjunctive steps into the realm of wishes, doubts, emotions, possibilities, and hypothetical situations. Mastering the present and future subjunctive is vital for B1 learners to articulate complex thoughts, engage in nuanced conversations, and truly sound like a native speaker.
This chapter will empower you to express desires with Quero que..., articulate doubts with Talvez or Duvido que, convey emotions using the present subjunctive, and talk about future conditions with phrases like se eu for or quando você tiver.
This guide will walk you through the mechanics of forming both present and future subjunctive tenses for regular and some key irregular verbs. You'll learn to identify the trigger phrases that demand the subjunctive mood, such as those related to hopes, uncertainties, and personal feelings. By the end, you'll be confident in constructing sentences that go beyond stating facts, allowing you to express a rich spectrum of human experience in Portuguese, making your communication much more authentic and expressive.

كيف تعمل هذه القاعدة

The subjunctive mood is typically used in dependent clauses introduced by a conjunction like 'que' (that), or by adverbs like 'talvez' (maybe). It signals that the action or state described in the dependent clause is not a certainty, but rather a wish, doubt, emotion, or possibility.
The Present Subjunctive (Presente do Subjuntivo)
This tense is used to express wishes, doubts, emotions, desires, recommendations, and uncertainty about present or future actions.
Formation for Regular Verbs:
  1. 1Take the 'eu' form of the verb in the present indicative.
  2. 2Remove the '-o' ending.
  3. 3Add the appropriate subjunctive endings:
* For -AR verbs: -e, -es, -e, -emos, -eis, -em (e.g., falar -> eu falo -> fal- -> que eu fale, que você fale, que ele/ela fale, que nós falemos, que vocês falem, que eles/elas falem)
* For -ER verbs: -a, -as, -a, -amos, -ais, -am (e.g., comer -> eu como -> com- -> que eu coma, que você coma, que ele/ela coma, que nós comamos, que vocês comam, que eles/elas comam)
* For -IR verbs: -a, -as, -a, -amos, -ais, -am (e.g., partir -> eu parto -> part- -> que eu parta, que você parta, que ele/ela parta, que nós partamos, que vocês partam, que eles/elas partam)
Key Triggers and Examples:
* Wishes/Desires: Verbs like querer (to want), desejar (to wish), esperar (to hope).
* Eu quero que você estude mais. (I want you to study more.)
* Espero que ele chegue a tempo. (I hope he arrives on time.)
* Doubts/Uncertainty: Phrases like duvidar que (to doubt that), é possível que (it's possible that), talvez (maybe).
* Duvido que você saiba a verdade. (I doubt you know the truth.)
* Talvez chova amanhã. (Maybe it will rain tomorrow.)
* É possível que ele venha à festa. (It's possible he comes to the party.)
* Emotions: Verbs/expressions conveying feelings, like ficar feliz que (to be happy that), sentir que (to feel that, in an emotional sense), é uma pena que (it's a pity that).
* Fico feliz que você esteja aqui. (I'm happy that you are here.)
* É uma pena que ele não possa vir. (It's a pity he can't come.)
* Impersonal Expressions: Phrases like é importante que (it's important that), é necessário que (it's necessary that).
* É importante que você leia o livro. (It's important that you read the book.)
Irregular Verbs in the Present Subjunctive:
Some common verbs are irregular. It's often helpful to memorize their forms.
* Ser (to be): que eu seja, que você seja, que ele/ela seja, que nós sejamos, que vocês sejam, que eles/elas sejam
* Estar (to be): que eu esteja, que você esteja, que ele/ela esteja, que nós estejamos, que vocês estejam, que eles/elas estejam
* Ter (to have): que eu tenha, que você tenha, que ele/ela tenha, que nós tenhamos, que vocês tenham, que eles/elas tenham
* Ir (to go): que eu vá, que você vá, que ele/ela vá, que nós vamos, que vocês vão, que eles/elas vão
The Future Subjunctive (Futuro do Subjuntivo)
This tense is used for hypothetical or conditional situations that refer to the future. It's often found in 'if' clauses (se) or temporal clauses (quando, assim que).
Formation:
  1. 1Take the infinitive form of the verb.
  2. 2For most regular verbs, the future subjunctive forms are similar to the personal infinitive, but for irregular verbs, they derive from the past participle or a specific irregular stem.
* eu: same as infinitive (or irregular stem + -Ø)
* você/ele/ela: same as infinitive (or irregular stem + -Ø)
* nós: infinitive + -mos (or irregular stem + -mos)
* vocês/eles/elas: infinitive + -em (or irregular stem + -em)
Key Triggers and Examples:
* Conditional Clauses (Se):
* Se você for ao mercado, compre pão. (If you go to the market, buy bread.) (from ir)
* Se eu tiver tempo, eu te ajudo. (If I have time, I'll help you.) (from ter)
* Se ele fizer o trabalho, ele passará. (If he does the work, he will pass.) (from fazer)
* Temporal Clauses (Quando, Assim que, Enquanto):
* Quando você voltar, me ligue. (When you return, call me.)
* Assim que eles chegarem, começamos a reunião. (As soon as they arrive, we start the meeting.)

الأخطاء الشائعة

✗ Eu quero que você estuda mais.
✓ Eu quero que você estude mais.
Why: Querer que (to want that) is a common trigger for the present subjunctive, indicating a desire rather than a fact.
✗ Talvez ele está em casa.
✓ Talvez ele esteja em casa.
Why: Talvez (maybe) when expressing doubt or possibility typically requires the present subjunctive.
✗ Se eu tenho tempo, eu te aviso.
✓ Se eu tiver tempo, eu te aviso.
Why: When se introduces a future hypothetical condition, the future subjunctive is required for the verb in the se clause.
✗ É importante que vocês fala português.
✓ É importante que vocês falem português.
Why: É importante que is an impersonal expression demanding the present subjunctive. The ending for vocês for an -AR verb is -em.
✗ Fico feliz que você é aqui.
✓ Fico feliz que você esteja aqui.
Why: Expressions of emotion (like ficar feliz que) require the present subjunctive for the dependent clause. Estar is irregular in the subjunctive.

محادثات حقيقية

A

A

Eu duvido que ele saiba a resposta para essa pergunta.
B

B

É verdade, talvez seja um mistério para ele também.
A

A

Espero que ele não desista.

Translation:

A

A

I doubt he knows the answer to that question.
B

B

It's true, maybe it's a mystery for him too.
A

A

I hope he doesn't give up.
A

A

Se você tiver um tempo livre amanhã, podemos sair?
B

B

Ah, claro! Quando você for me buscar, me avisa, por favor.
A

A

Combinado. Assim que eu chegar perto, eu te ligo.

Translation:

A

A

If you have some free time tomorrow, can we go out?
B

B

Oh, sure! When you come to pick me up, please let me know.
A

A

Agreed. As soon as I get close, I'll call you.
A

A

É essencial que você preste atenção na aula.
B

B

Eu sei, mas é uma pena que o professor fale tão rápido.
A

A

Fico feliz que você esteja tentando, isso é o mais importante.

Translation:

A

A

It's essential that you pay attention in class.
B

B

I know, but it's a pity that the teacher speaks so fast.
A

A

I'm happy that you are trying, that's the most important thing.

أسئلة شائعة

Q

When do I use the present subjunctive?

You use the present subjunctive when the main clause expresses a desire, doubt, emotion, hope, command, or an impersonal opinion about the action in the dependent clause. It's about expressing non-factuality or subjective states. Common triggers include quero que, espero que, duvido que, talvez, and é importante que.

Q

When do I use the future subjunctive?

The future subjunctive is used in conditional (se) and temporal (quando, assim que, enquanto) clauses when referring to a hypothetical or uncertain action in the future. It sets up a condition that needs to be met for something else to happen. For example, Se eu tiver tempo... (If I have time...).

Q

Is the future subjunctive really used in everyday Brazilian Portuguese?

Yes, absolutely! While some of its forms might seem complex, the future subjunctive is very common, especially with frequent verbs like ser (seja), ter (tiver), ir (for), and fazer (fizer). You'll hear it constantly in conditional sentences and clauses starting with quando in casual conversation.

Q

How do I know if a verb is irregular in the subjunctive?

For the present subjunctive, many verbs that are irregular in the 'eu' form of the present indicative will also have irregular stems in the present subjunctive. For example, fazer (eu faço) becomes que eu faça. For the future subjunctive, key irregulars like ser, ter, ir, fazer, dizer often have unique stems that you'll encounter frequently and are best memorized through exposure and practice.

السياق الثقافي

The subjunctive mood is deeply woven into the fabric of Portuguese communication, reflecting a cultural tendency towards nuance, politeness, and the expression of subjective experience. Unlike some languages where the subjunctive might be less frequently used or have simpler forms, Portuguese embraces it as a fundamental tool for expressing a wide range of human perspectives. It allows speakers to convey empathy, uncertainty, or a softer demand, rather than a direct, declarative statement, which can be perceived as more abrupt.
Understanding and correctly using the subjunctive is not just about grammar; it's about appreciating a layer of cultural communication. It enables you to participate in conversations that are rich with wishes, hopes, and subtle indications of doubt or possibility, which are often valued in Portuguese-speaking cultures. Whether expressing a heartfelt desire for someone's well-being or cautiously discussing a future plan, the subjunctive empowers you to navigate social interactions with greater sensitivity and authenticity, bridging the gap between simply understanding words and truly grasping the underlying sentiments.

أمثلة رئيسية (4)

1

Duvido que ele consiga terminar o trabalho hoje.

أشك في أنه يستطيع إنهاء العمل اليوم.

صيغة الشك وعدم اليقين في البرتغالية (Talvez, Duvido que)
2

Talvez nós viremos tendência no TikTok.

ربما نصبح "تريند" على تيك توك.

صيغة الشك وعدم اليقين في البرتغالية (Talvez, Duvido que)
3

Se eu `tiver` dinheiro, compro o novo iPhone.

If I have money, I'll buy the new iPhone.

إذا كان لدي وقت: صيغة المستقبل الشرطي للفعل 'Ter' (tiver)
4

Quando você `tiver` um minuto, me mande um WhatsApp.

When you have a minute, send me a WhatsApp message.

إذا كان لدي وقت: صيغة المستقبل الشرطي للفعل 'Ter' (tiver)

نصائح وحيل (4)

🎯

خدعة تبادل الحركات

تذكر دائماً: أفعال AR تأخذ E، وأفعال ER/IR تأخذ A. إنها لعبة الأضداد! مثلاً: Eu como تصبح Que eu coma.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: صيغة الشك وعدم اليقين في البرتغالية (Talvez, Duvido que)
💡

خدعة 'Foram'

دايمًا اشتق المستقبل الاحتمالي من صيغة الماضي للجمع 'eles'. خد 'Eles foram' (هم كانوا)، شيل الـ '-am'، وهيبقى عندك for.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: المضارع الشرطي للمستقبل في البرتغالية: إذا كنت... (se eu for)
🎯

قاعدة 'Talvez'

كلمة 'Talvez' (ربما) بتجذب صيغة المنصوب زي المغناطيس. حتى لو مفيش كلمة 'que'، لو بدأت جملتك بـ 'Talvez'، لازم تبدل حرف الفعل: Talvez ele vá.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: المضارع المنصوب في البرتغالية: عالم الشك والرغبات
🎯

قاعدة الحرف المتحرك العكسي

تذكر دائماً: أفعال -ir و -er بتبدل حرفها المعتاد بحرف a في صيغة الشك. هي أضمن طريقة للحل!
Espero que você abra.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: التعبير عن الآمال والشكوك: الأفعال المنتظمة المنتهية بـ -ir (Subjuntivo)

المفردات الرئيسية (5)

Duvidar to doubt Talvez maybe Querer to want Se if Ter to have

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Review Summary

  • Duvido que + Subjunctive
  • Se + Future Subjunctive

أخطاء شائعة

After 'quero que', you must use the subjunctive. 'Vá' is the subjunctive form of 'ir'.

Wrong: Eu quero que você vai.
صحيح: Eu quero que você vá.

When talking about a hypothetical future, use the future subjunctive, not the indicative.

Wrong: Se eu tenho tempo...
صحيح: Se eu tiver tempo...

Doubt triggers the subjunctive. For -ar verbs, change the 'a' to 'e'.

Wrong: Duvido que ele fala.
صحيح: Duvido que ele fale.

القواعد في هذا الفصل (6)

1

صيغة الشك وعدم اليقين في البرتغالية (Talvez, Duvido que)

B1
صيغة الـ Subjuntivo هي أداتك للتعبير عن «الاحتمالات» وليس الحقائق، استخدم كلمات مثل talvez و duvido لتغيير شكل الفعل.
Duvido que ele consiga terminar o trabalho hoje.
10 أمثلة
2

المضارع الشرطي للمستقبل في البرتغالية: إذا كنت... (se eu for)

B1
عشان تقول 'لو كنت' أو 'لمّا أكون' (لحالات دائمة)، استخدم
Se/Quando eu for
.
Se eu for rico um dia, viajo o mundo.
10 أمثلة
3

المضارع المنصوب في البرتغالية: عالم الشك والرغبات

B1
استخدم صيغة المنصوب للتعبير عن المشاعر، الشكوك، أو الأمنيات عن طريق تبديل الحرف المتحرك الأخير في الفعل: fale، beba، abra.
Espero que você fale com ele.
12 أمثلة
4

التعبير عن الآمال والشكوك: الأفعال المنتظمة المنتهية بـ -ir (Subjuntivo)

B1
استخدم صيغة الشك (Subjuntivo) للتعبير عن الرغبات والشكوك عبر تبديل نهايات أفعال -ir إلى حرف a، مثل abra و parta.
Espero que ele abra o presente logo.
10 أمثلة
5

التعبير عن الرغبات: مضارع الشك (Quero que...)

B1
استخدم صيغة Subjuntivo عندما تريد من شخص آخر فعل شيء ما، ولا تنسَ وضع الجسر que بين الجملتين.
Eu quero que você me mande o link do vídeo.
10 أمثلة
6

إذا كان لدي وقت: صيغة المستقبل الشرطي للفعل 'Ter' (tiver)

B1
Use tiver to express future conditions or timing involving 'having' something when the outcome is still uncertain.
Se eu `tiver` dinheiro, compro o novo iPhone.
10 أمثلة

Next Steps

You have conquered one of the most challenging aspects of Portuguese grammar! Keep practicing, and it will become second nature.

Write 5 sentences about your future goals using 'se eu tiver'.

Continue to: Future, Conditional, and Polite Forms

تدريب سريع (3)

Correct the mistake in the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Se você ter a chave, abra a porta.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Se você tiver
Infinitive 'ter' is incorrect here.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: إذا كان لدي وقت: صيغة المستقبل الشرطي للفعل 'Ter' (tiver)

Fill in the blank with the correct form of 'ter'.

Se eu ___ tempo, vou ao cinema.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: tiver
Future subjunctive is required after 'se'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: إذا كان لدي وقت: صيغة المستقبل الشرطي للفعل 'Ter' (tiver)

Choose the correct sentence.

Which sentence is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Se eu tiver dinheiro, compro.
Correct conjugation for future subjunctive.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: إذا كان لدي وقت: صيغة المستقبل الشرطي للفعل 'Ter' (tiver)

Score: /3

أسئلة شائعة (6)

رغم أن الكلام العفوي مرن، إلا أن هذه الصيغة ضرورية للكتابة والمواقف الرسمية. إنها تظهر أنك لم تعد مبتدئاً، مثل قولك:
Duvido que ele saiba.
الأفعال غير المنتظمة لها قواعد خاصة، فالفعل 'ser' يصبح 'seja'. مثال:
Espero que você seja feliz.
بيوصف فعل افتراضي أو غير مؤكد في المستقبل. هو بيحط شرط ممكن يحصل، وغالبًا بيبدأ بكلمة 'لو' أو 'لمّا' زي: Se eu for...
المستقبل العادي ('serei') للحاجات الأكيدة زي 'سأكون'. أما الاحتمالي ('for') فللحاجات غير المؤكدة زي If I am.
هي 'حالة' الأشياء غير الواقعية. بنستخدمها للحاجات اللي لسه محصلتش، أو اللي عاوزينها تحصل، أو اللي مش متأكدين منها زي:
Espero que ele venha
.
لأ! دي خرافة شائعة. بتستخدمها بس لو الجزء الأول من الجملة فيه شك أو مشاعر. مثلاً:
Eu sei que ele vai
مضارع عادي لأنها حقيقة.
الفصل السابق
Past Tense Mastery: Preterite and Imperfect
الفصل التالي
Future, Conditional, and Polite Forms
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