The Subjunctive Mood
Chapter in 30 Seconds
Master the art of expressing what you wish, doubt, and hope for in Portuguese.
- Identify triggers for the subjunctive mood.
- Conjugate regular verbs in the present and future subjunctive.
- Apply the subjunctive to express hypothetical future conditions.
तुम क्या सीखोगे
Express wishes, doubts, and emotions using the present and future subjunctive in Portuguese.
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पुर्तगाली Subjunctive: संदेह और अनिश्चितता (Talvez, Duvido que)Subjunctive मूड का इस्तेमाल तब होता है जब बात पक्की न हो बल्कि एक 'संभावना' हो। बस इन इशारों को पकड़ो:
talvez,duvido que,não acho que
। -
पुर्तगाली फ्यूचर सब्जेक्टिव: अगर मैं हूँ... (se eu for)अगर तुम्हें कहना है 'अगर मैं हूँ' या 'जब मैं हूँ' (किसी गुण के लिए), तो
Se/Quando eu for
का इस्तेमाल करो। -
पुर्तगाली वर्तमान सबजंक्टिव (Present Subjunctive) - इच्छाएँ और शंकाएँजब बात पक्की न हो, बल्कि कोई इच्छा, शक या भावना हो, तो वर्ब का स्वर (vowel) बदल दो:
vowel swap,wishes,doubts। -
आशाएं और संदेह व्यक्त करना: नियमित -ir क्रियाएं (Subjuntivo)जब तुम अपनी इच्छा या शक ज़ाहिर करते हो, तो -ir वाले वर्ब्स में 'i' की जगह
aवाले एंडिंग्स लगाओ। -
इच्छाएं व्यक्त करना: वर्तमान संभाव्य (Quero que...)जब तुम चाहते हो कि कोई और कुछ करे, तो बस 'que' का इस्तेमाल करो और वर्ब की एंडिंग बदल दो। जैसे
Quero que,Espero queयाDesejo que। -
यदि मेरे पास समय हो: 'Ter' का भविष्य संभाव्य (tiver)Use
tiverto express future conditions or timing involving 'having' something when the outcome is still uncertain.
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
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1
By the end you will be able to: Use 'talvez' and 'duvido que' to express uncertainty about current events.
अध्याय गाइड
Overview
Quero que..., articulate doubts with Talvez or Duvido que, convey emotions using the present subjunctive, and talk about future conditions with phrases like se eu for or quando você tiver.How This Grammar Works
- 1Take the 'eu' form of the verb in the present indicative.
- 2Remove the '-o' ending.
- 3Add the appropriate subjunctive endings:
falar -> eu falo -> fal- -> que eu fale, que você fale, que ele/ela fale, que nós falemos, que vocês falem, que eles/elas falem)comer -> eu como -> com- -> que eu coma, que você coma, que ele/ela coma, que nós comamos, que vocês comam, que eles/elas comam)partir -> eu parto -> part- -> que eu parta, que você parta, que ele/ela parta, que nós partamos, que vocês partam, que eles/elas partam)querer (to want), desejar (to wish), esperar (to hope).duvidar que (to doubt that), é possível que (it's possible that), talvez (maybe).ficar feliz que (to be happy that), sentir que (to feel that, in an emotional sense), é uma pena que (it's a pity that).é importante que (it's important that), é necessário que (it's necessary that).se) or temporal clauses (quando, assim que).- 1Take the infinitive form of the verb.
- 2For most regular verbs, the future subjunctive forms are similar to the personal infinitive, but for irregular verbs, they derive from the past participle or a specific irregular stem.
eu: same as infinitive (or irregular stem + -Ø)você/ele/ela: same as infinitive (or irregular stem + -Ø)nós: infinitive + -mos (or irregular stem + -mos)vocês/eles/elas: infinitive + -em (or irregular stem + -em)Se):ir)ter)fazer)Quando, Assim que, Enquanto):
Common Mistakes
Querer que (to want that) is a common trigger for the present subjunctive, indicating a desire rather than a fact.Talvez (maybe) when expressing doubt or possibility typically requires the present subjunctive.se introduces a future hypothetical condition, the future subjunctive is required for the verb in the se clause.É importante que is an impersonal expression demanding the present subjunctive. The ending for vocês for an -AR verb is -em.ficar feliz que) require the present subjunctive for the dependent clause. Estar is irregular in the subjunctive.
Real Conversations
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Quick FAQ
When do I use the present subjunctive?
You use the present subjunctive when the main clause expresses a desire, doubt, emotion, hope, command, or an impersonal opinion about the action in the dependent clause. It's about expressing non-factuality or subjective states. Common triggers include quero que, espero que, duvido que, talvez, and é importante que.
When do I use the future subjunctive?
The future subjunctive is used in conditional (se) and temporal (quando, assim que, enquanto) clauses when referring to a hypothetical or uncertain action in the future. It sets up a condition that needs to be met for something else to happen. For example, Se eu tiver tempo... (If I have time...).
Is the future subjunctive really used in everyday Brazilian Portuguese?
Yes, absolutely! While some of its forms might seem complex, the future subjunctive is very common, especially with frequent verbs like ser (seja), ter (tiver), ir (for), and fazer (fizer). You'll hear it constantly in conditional sentences and clauses starting with quando in casual conversation.
How do I know if a verb is irregular in the subjunctive?
For the present subjunctive, many verbs that are irregular in the 'eu' form of the present indicative will also have irregular stems in the present subjunctive. For example, fazer (eu faço) becomes que eu faça. For the future subjunctive, key irregulars like ser, ter, ir, fazer, dizer often have unique stems that you'll encounter frequently and are best memorized through exposure and practice.
Cultural Context
मुख्य उदाहरण (6)
Se eu for rico um dia, viajo o mundo.
अगर मैं किसी दिन अमीर हुआ, तो दुनिया की सैर करूँगा।
पुर्तगाली फ्यूचर सब्जेक्टिव: अगर मैं हूँ... (se eu for)Me avise quando for a hora certa.
जब सही समय हो, मुझे बता देना।
पुर्तगाली फ्यूचर सब्जेक्टिव: अगर मैं हूँ... (se eu for)Eu quero que você me mande o link do vídeo.
मैं चाहता हूँ कि तुम मुझे वीडियो का लिंक भेजो।
इच्छाएं व्यक्त करना: वर्तमान संभाव्य (Quero que...)Espero que o Uber não demore para chegar.
उम्मीद है कि उबर आने में देर नहीं करेगी।
इच्छाएं व्यक्त करना: वर्तमान संभाव्य (Quero que...)Se eu `tiver` dinheiro, compro o novo iPhone.
If I have money, I'll buy the new iPhone.
यदि मेरे पास समय हो: 'Ter' का भविष्य संभाव्य (tiver)Quando você `tiver` um minuto, me mande um WhatsApp.
When you have a minute, send me a WhatsApp message.
यदि मेरे पास समय हो: 'Ter' का भविष्य संभाव्य (tiver)टिप्स और ट्रिक्स (4)
वौवेल की अदला-बदली वाली ट्रिक
Espero que ele fale português.
'Foram' वाली ट्रिक
for।'Talvez' का जादू
Talvez ele vá.उल्टा वॉवेल वाला नियम
Abra a porta, por favor.
मुख्य शब्दावली (5)
Real-World Preview
Planning a Trip
Review Summary
- Duvido que + Subjunctive
- Se + Future Subjunctive
सामान्य गलतियाँ
After 'quero que', you must use the subjunctive. 'Vá' is the subjunctive form of 'ir'.
When talking about a hypothetical future, use the future subjunctive, not the indicative.
Doubt triggers the subjunctive. For -ar verbs, change the 'a' to 'e'.
इस अध्याय के नियम (6)
Next Steps
You have conquered one of the most challenging aspects of Portuguese grammar! Keep practicing, and it will become second nature.
Write 5 sentences about your future goals using 'se eu tiver'.
त्वरित अभ्यास (6)
Which sentence is correct?
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: यदि मेरे पास समय हो: 'Ter' का भविष्य संभाव्य (tiver)
Find and fix the mistake:
Se você ter a chave, abra a porta.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: यदि मेरे पास समय हो: 'Ter' का भविष्य संभाव्य (tiver)
Tomara que o ônibus chega logo.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: इच्छाएं व्यक्त करना: वर्तमान संभाव्य (Quero que...)
Eu quero que você ___ a verdade.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: इच्छाएं व्यक्त करना: वर्तमान संभाव्य (Quero que...)
Se eu ___ tempo, vou ao cinema.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: यदि मेरे पास समय हो: 'Ter' का भविष्य संभाव्य (tiver)
उम्मीद जताने का सही तरीका चुनें:
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: इच्छाएं व्यक्त करना: वर्तमान संभाव्य (Quero que...)
Score: /6
सामान्य प्रश्न (6)
Duvido que ele saiba.
Espero que seja fácil.
Se eu for feliz.
Espero que chova.Eu sei que ele vaiमें यह नहीं लगेगा क्योंकि यह एक सच है।
