Chapter in 30 Seconds
Master the art of expressing what you wish, doubt, and hope for in Portuguese.
- Identify triggers for the subjunctive mood.
- Conjugate regular verbs in the present and future subjunctive.
- Apply the subjunctive to express hypothetical future conditions.
Unlock the world of possibilities and dreams.
学べること
Express wishes, doubts, and emotions using the present and future subjunctive in Portuguese.
-
ポルトガル語の接続法：疑いと不確実性 (Talvez, Duvido que)接続法は、頭の中の「不確かな世界」を映し出す鏡のようなもの。
talvezやduvido queとセットで使おう！ -
ポルトガル語の未来接続法：もし私なら… (se eu for)「もし〜なら」「〜になったら」という未来の状態を言うなら
Se/Quando eu for
を使いましょう。sequandoforが魔法のセットです。 -
ポルトガル語の接続法現在（希望と疑い）感情や疑い、願いを伝える時は、動詞の最後の母音を「入れ替える」のがコツですよ。
fale,coma,abraのように語尾を変えるだけで、あなたの気持ちがグッと伝わります。 -
希望と疑いを表現する：規則的な -ir 動詞 (Subjuntivo)「〜してほしい」「〜かな？」という不確かな気持ちを伝えるときは、-ir動詞の語尾を「a」に入れ替えるのがコツ！
abraやpartamのように「逆の母音」を意識しましょう。 -
願望を表現する：接続法現在 (Quero que...)Use the Subjunctive when you want someone else to do something, following the magic
quebridge. -
もし時間があれば：'Ter' の未来接続法 (tiver)未来の「もし〜なら」や「〜した時に」を表現するなら、不確実なニュアンスを持つ
tiverを使いましょう。キーワードはse、quando、assim queです。
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
-
1
By the end you will be able to: Use 'talvez' and 'duvido que' to express uncertainty about current events.
チャプターガイド
Overview
The subjunctive mood in Portuguese is a fascinating and crucial aspect of the language, allowing speakers to express a world beyond simple facts. Unlike the indicative mood, which states what is real or certain, the subjunctive steps into the realm of wishes, doubts, emotions, possibilities, and hypothetical situations. Mastering the present and future subjunctive is vital for B1 learners to articulate complex thoughts, engage in nuanced conversations, and truly sound like a native speaker.
This chapter will empower you to express desires with
Quero que..., articulate doubts with Talvez or Duvido que, convey emotions using the present subjunctive, and talk about future conditions with phrases like se eu for or quando você tiver.This guide will walk you through the mechanics of forming both present and future subjunctive tenses for regular and some key irregular verbs. You'll learn to identify the trigger phrases that demand the subjunctive mood, such as those related to hopes, uncertainties, and personal feelings. By the end, you'll be confident in constructing sentences that go beyond stating facts, allowing you to express a rich spectrum of human experience in Portuguese, making your communication much more authentic and expressive.
How This Grammar Works
The subjunctive mood is typically used in dependent clauses introduced by a conjunction like 'que' (that), or by adverbs like 'talvez' (maybe). It signals that the action or state described in the dependent clause is not a certainty, but rather a wish, doubt, emotion, or possibility.
The Present Subjunctive (Presente do Subjuntivo)
This tense is used to express wishes, doubts, emotions, desires, recommendations, and uncertainty about present or future actions.
Formation for Regular Verbs:
- 1Take the 'eu' form of the verb in the present indicative.
- 2Remove the '-o' ending.
- 3Add the appropriate subjunctive endings:
* For -AR verbs: -e, -es, -e, -emos, -eis, -em (e.g.,
falar -> eu falo -> fal- -> que eu fale, que você fale, que ele/ela fale, que nós falemos, que vocês falem, que eles/elas falem)* For -ER verbs: -a, -as, -a, -amos, -ais, -am (e.g.,
comer -> eu como -> com- -> que eu coma, que você coma, que ele/ela coma, que nós comamos, que vocês comam, que eles/elas comam)* For -IR verbs: -a, -as, -a, -amos, -ais, -am (e.g.,
partir -> eu parto -> part- -> que eu parta, que você parta, que ele/ela parta, que nós partamos, que vocês partam, que eles/elas partam)Key Triggers and Examples:
* Wishes/Desires: Verbs like
querer (to want), desejar (to wish), esperar (to hope).* Eu quero que você estude mais. (I want you to study more.)
* Espero que ele chegue a tempo. (I hope he arrives on time.)
* Doubts/Uncertainty: Phrases like
duvidar que (to doubt that), é possível que (it's possible that), talvez (maybe).* Duvido que você saiba a verdade. (I doubt you know the truth.)
* Talvez chova amanhã. (Maybe it will rain tomorrow.)
* É possível que ele venha à festa. (It's possible he comes to the party.)
* Emotions: Verbs/expressions conveying feelings, like
ficar feliz que (to be happy that), sentir que (to feel that, in an emotional sense), é uma pena que (it's a pity that).* Fico feliz que você esteja aqui. (I'm happy that you are here.)
* É uma pena que ele não possa vir. (It's a pity he can't come.)
* Impersonal Expressions: Phrases like
é importante que (it's important that), é necessário que (it's necessary that).* É importante que você leia o livro. (It's important that you read the book.)
Irregular Verbs in the Present Subjunctive:
Some common verbs are irregular. It's often helpful to memorize their forms.
* Ser (to be): que eu seja, que você seja, que ele/ela seja, que nós sejamos, que vocês sejam, que eles/elas sejam
* Estar (to be): que eu esteja, que você esteja, que ele/ela esteja, que nós estejamos, que vocês estejam, que eles/elas estejam
* Ter (to have): que eu tenha, que você tenha, que ele/ela tenha, que nós tenhamos, que vocês tenham, que eles/elas tenham
* Ir (to go): que eu vá, que você vá, que ele/ela vá, que nós vamos, que vocês vão, que eles/elas vão
The Future Subjunctive (Futuro do Subjuntivo)
This tense is used for hypothetical or conditional situations that refer to the future. It's often found in 'if' clauses (
se) or temporal clauses (quando, assim que).Formation:
- 1Take the infinitive form of the verb.
- 2For most regular verbs, the future subjunctive forms are similar to the personal infinitive, but for irregular verbs, they derive from the past participle or a specific irregular stem.
*
eu: same as infinitive (or irregular stem + -Ø)*
você/ele/ela: same as infinitive (or irregular stem + -Ø)*
nós: infinitive + -mos (or irregular stem + -mos)*
vocês/eles/elas: infinitive + -em (or irregular stem + -em)Key Triggers and Examples:
* Conditional Clauses (
Se):* Se você for ao mercado, compre pão. (If you go to the market, buy bread.) (from
ir)* Se eu tiver tempo, eu te ajudo. (If I have time, I'll help you.) (from
ter)* Se ele fizer o trabalho, ele passará. (If he does the work, he will pass.) (from
fazer)* Temporal Clauses (
Quando, Assim que, Enquanto):* Quando você voltar, me ligue. (When you return, call me.)
* Assim que eles chegarem, começamos a reunião. (As soon as they arrive, we start the meeting.)
Common Mistakes
✗ Eu quero que você estuda mais.
✓ Eu quero que você estude mais.
Why:
Querer que (to want that) is a common trigger for the present subjunctive, indicating a desire rather than a fact.✗ Talvez ele está em casa.
✓ Talvez ele esteja em casa.
Why:
Talvez (maybe) when expressing doubt or possibility typically requires the present subjunctive.✗ Se eu tenho tempo, eu te aviso.
✓ Se eu tiver tempo, eu te aviso.
Why: When
se introduces a future hypothetical condition, the future subjunctive is required for the verb in the se clause.✗ É importante que vocês fala português.
✓ É importante que vocês falem português.
Why:
É importante que is an impersonal expression demanding the present subjunctive. The ending for vocês for an -AR verb is -em.✗ Fico feliz que você é aqui.
✓ Fico feliz que você esteja aqui.
Why: Expressions of emotion (like
ficar feliz que) require the present subjunctive for the dependent clause. Estar is irregular in the subjunctive.
Real Conversations
A
A
Eu duvido que ele saiba a resposta para essa pergunta.
B
B
É verdade, talvez seja um mistério para ele também.
A
A
Espero que ele não desista.
Translation:
A
A
I doubt he knows the answer to that question.
B
B
It's true, maybe it's a mystery for him too.
A
A
I hope he doesn't give up.
A
A
Se você tiver um tempo livre amanhã, podemos sair?
B
B
Ah, claro! Quando você for me buscar, me avisa, por favor.
A
A
Combinado. Assim que eu chegar perto, eu te ligo.
Translation:
A
A
If you have some free time tomorrow, can we go out?
B
B
Oh, sure! When you come to pick me up, please let me know.
A
A
Agreed. As soon as I get close, I'll call you.
A
A
É essencial que você preste atenção na aula.
B
B
Eu sei, mas é uma pena que o professor fale tão rápido.
A
A
Fico feliz que você esteja tentando, isso é o mais importante.
Translation:
A
A
It's essential that you pay attention in class.
B
B
I know, but it's a pity that the teacher speaks so fast.
A
A
I'm happy that you are trying, that's the most important thing.
Quick FAQ
Q
When do I use the present subjunctive?
You use the present subjunctive when the main clause expresses a desire, doubt, emotion, hope, command, or an impersonal opinion about the action in the dependent clause. It's about expressing non-factuality or subjective states. Common triggers include quero que, espero que, duvido que, talvez, and é importante que.
Q
When do I use the future subjunctive?
The future subjunctive is used in conditional (se) and temporal (quando, assim que, enquanto) clauses when referring to a hypothetical or uncertain action in the future. It sets up a condition that needs to be met for something else to happen. For example, Se eu tiver tempo... (If I have time...).
Q
Is the future subjunctive really used in everyday Brazilian Portuguese?
Yes, absolutely! While some of its forms might seem complex, the future subjunctive is very common, especially with frequent verbs like ser (seja), ter (tiver), ir (for), and fazer (fizer). You'll hear it constantly in conditional sentences and clauses starting with quando in casual conversation.
Q
How do I know if a verb is irregular in the subjunctive?
For the present subjunctive, many verbs that are irregular in the 'eu' form of the present indicative will also have irregular stems in the present subjunctive. For example, fazer (eu faço) becomes que eu faça. For the future subjunctive, key irregulars like ser, ter, ir, fazer, dizer often have unique stems that you'll encounter frequently and are best memorized through exposure and practice.
Cultural Context
The subjunctive mood is deeply woven into the fabric of Portuguese communication, reflecting a cultural tendency towards nuance, politeness, and the expression of subjective experience. Unlike some languages where the subjunctive might be less frequently used or have simpler forms, Portuguese embraces it as a fundamental tool for expressing a wide range of human perspectives. It allows speakers to convey empathy, uncertainty, or a softer demand, rather than a direct, declarative statement, which can be perceived as more abrupt.
Understanding and correctly using the subjunctive is not just about grammar; it's about appreciating a layer of cultural communication. It enables you to participate in conversations that are rich with wishes, hopes, and subtle indications of doubt or possibility, which are often valued in Portuguese-speaking cultures. Whether expressing a heartfelt desire for someone's well-being or cautiously discussing a future plan, the subjunctive empowers you to navigate social interactions with greater sensitivity and authenticity, bridging the gap between simply understanding words and truly grasping the underlying sentiments.
重要な例文 (2)
1
Eu quero que você me mande o link do vídeo.
I want you to send me the video link.
願望を表現する：接続法現在 (Quero que...)
2
Espero que o Uber não demore para chegar.
I hope the Uber doesn't take long to arrive.
願望を表現する：接続法現在 (Quero que...)ヒントとコツ (4)
🎯
母音の入れ替え（Vowel Swap）
AR動詞は E に、ER/IR動詞は A に変身するよ。反対の母音になると覚えてね！
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ポルトガル語の接続法：疑いと不確実性 (Talvez, Duvido que)
Eu espero que você fale.
💡
「Foram」トリック
過去形の 'eles'（彼ら）の形 'foram' から '-am' を取ると語幹になります。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ポルトガル語の未来接続法：もし私なら… (se eu for)
Se eles forem rápidos...
🎯
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ポルトガル語の接続法現在（希望と疑い）
「Talvez」の魔法のルール
Talvez（たぶん）という言葉は、接続法を引き寄せる磁石のような存在です。たとえ que がなくても、文の最初に Talvez が来たら動詞を入れ替えてみましょう。 Talvez ele vá.
🎯
「逆の母音」の法則
覚え方は簡単！-ir動詞は、接続法になると本来の母音を捨てて「a」に変身します。これが一番確実なトリックだよ！「
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 希望と疑いを表現する：規則的な -ir 動詞 (Subjuntivo)
Que você abra a porta.」
重要な語彙 (5)
Duvidar
to doubt
Talvez
maybe
Querer
to want
Se
if
Ter
to have
Real-World Preview
map
Planning a Trip
Review Summary
- Duvido que + Subjunctive
- Se + Future Subjunctive
よくある間違い
After 'quero que', you must use the subjunctive. 'Vá' is the subjunctive form of 'ir'.
Wrong:
Eu quero que você vai.
正解:
Eu quero que você vá.
When talking about a hypothetical future, use the future subjunctive, not the indicative.
Wrong:
Se eu tenho tempo...
正解:
Se eu tiver tempo...
Doubt triggers the subjunctive. For -ar verbs, change the 'a' to 'e'.
Wrong:
Duvido que ele fala.
正解:
Duvido que ele fale.
このチャプターのルール (6)
Next Steps
You have conquered one of the most challenging aspects of Portuguese grammar! Keep practicing, and it will become second nature.
Write 5 sentences about your future goals using 'se eu tiver'.
クイック練習 (3)
Correct the error in the sentence.
Find and fix the mistake:
Quero que você faz isso.
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Fazer in subjunctive is faça.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 願望を表現する：接続法現在 (Quero que...)
Choose the correct sentence.
Which sentence is correct?
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: b
Ir in subjunctive is vá.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 願望を表現する：接続法現在 (Quero que...)
Fill in the blank with the correct subjunctive form.
Eu quero que você ___ (falar) a verdade.
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: b
Subjunctive of falar is fale.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 願望を表現する：接続法現在 (Quero que...)
Score: /3
よくある質問 (6)
会話では崩れることもありますが、文章やフォーマルな場では必須です。これを使えるとポルトガル語がぐっと洗練されますよ。
Duvido que ele saiba a verdade.
不規則なものは個別に覚える必要があります。 ser は seja という形が基本になるよ。
Espero que seja fácil para você.
未来の「もし〜だったら」という不確かな状況を作ります。
Se eu for... のように条件を出す時に便利です。'serei' は「私は〜になる」という確定した宣言ですが、 'for' は
Se eu for... のように不確かな仮定です。それは「非現実」のムードです。まだ起きていないこと、願っていること、確信がないことなどを話す時に使います。
Espero que aconteça.
いいえ、それはよくある誤解です！前の文に疑いや感情、依頼がある時だけ 'que' の後に使います。
Eu sei que ele vai.（彼は行くと知っている）は事実なので使いません。
