Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'tiver' instead of 'ter' when talking about a future condition that depends on having something.
- Use 'tiver' for 'if I/he/she/you have' (e.g., 'Se eu tiver tempo').
- Use 'tiverem' for 'if they/you all have' (e.g., 'Se eles tiverem dinheiro').
- Always use the future subjunctive after 'se' (if) or 'quando' (when) for future events.
Overview
ter（持つ）の活用形である tiver は、日常会話で頻繁に登場しますが、日本人学習者にとっては非常に捉えにくい概念です。なぜなら、日本語には「接続法」という文法カテゴリーが存在しないからです。tiver を使わなければなりません。これは、単なる事実の提示（直説法）ではなく、将来の不確定な可能性や条件を強調するための「モード（法）」だからです。この概念は、英語の「If I have time」のように現在形を使えばいいと思い込んでいると、ネイティブの耳には非常に不自然に響きます。この tiver を使いこなせるようになると、単に「～があれば」というだけでなく、「将来、もしそのような状況が実現した暁には」という、より洗練されたニュアンスを表現できるようになります。tiver のような接続法未来は、日本語の「～たら」や「～とき」という条件節のニュアンスに近いですが、文法構造は全く異なります。日本語では「明日、時間があったら」と言いますが、ポルトガル語では「もし明日、時間を持つという事態が起こるならば」という、未来の不確定な状態を指し示すためにこの形を使います。これを理解する鍵は「トリガー（引き金）」となる接続詞です。Se（もし～なら）、Quando（～するとき）、Assim que（～次第）、Enquanto（～の間）です。これらが文頭に来た場合、後ろの節は「まだ実現していない未来の事実」を扱うため、直説法ではなく接続法未来が必要です。例えば、Quando eu tiver dinheiro, vou viajar（お金ができたら、旅行に行く）という文では、まだお金は持っていません。この「未実現の未来の状態」を表現する際、日本語では単純な動詞の活用ですが、ポルトガル語では ter を tiver に変えることで、「まだ持っていないけれど、持ったその時には」という時間的・条件的な制約を明確にしています。これは日本語の「仮定条件」と「時条件」を一つの文法形式に統合したものと考えることができます。ter の接続法未来は不規則です。規則動詞であれば不定詞の形がそのまま使われることが多いですが、ter は ter ではなく tiver となる点に注意が必要です。作り方は以下の通りです。- 1直説法点過去の三人称複数形
tiveramを思い浮かべる。 - 2語尾の
-amを取り除き、語幹tiv-を抽出する。 - 3その語幹に接続法未来の語尾を付ける。
eu と você の形が同じ tiver になるのが特徴です。文脈で主語を判断する必要があります。tiver を使う場面は、将来の条件設定です。日常の買い物や仕事の計画で非常に役立ちます。- 1条件（
Se）:Se você tiver tempo, me ligue.（もし時間があったら、電話して。）これは、相手が今時間があるかどうかではなく、将来の特定の時点での可能性について話しています。 - 2時間（
Quando）:Quando eu tiver a resposta, te aviso.（返事をもらったら、教えるよ。）返事を受け取るという未来のイベントが完了した瞬間を指します。 - 3即時性（
Assim que）:Assim que tivermos o visto, vamos viajar.（ビザが取れ次第、旅行に行く。）
tiver を使うことで、その事態が「将来の条件」であることを一貫して示しています。- 1「現在形」との混同: 日本語の影響で
Se eu tenho tempoと言ってしまうミスです。これは「もし（普段）時間があるなら」という習慣的な意味になり、未来の仮定には適しません。tiverを使うべきです。 - 2「不定詞」の混同:
Quando eu terと言ってしまうケース。terは不規則動詞なので、tiverに変えることを忘れないでください。これは「～する」という原形をそのまま使いたいという日本語の「辞書形」の感覚が邪魔をしています。 - 3「接続法現在」との混同:
Espero que você tenha（あなたが持っていることを願う）は現在・未来への「願望」ですが、tiverは「条件」です。この使い分けはtiverが「もし～なら」という条件節専用であると覚えるのがコツです。
Se eu tenho | もし（普段）あるなら | 現在の事実・習慣 |Se eu tiver | もし（将来）あったら | 未来の条件・可能性 |Se eu tivesse | もし（今）あったらなぁ | 現在の反事実・願望 |tiver は未来の「可能性」に特化しています。tivesse は「もしお金があれば（実際はないけど）」という、現在の事実と異なる仮定に使います。この違いを意識すると、ポルトガル語の思考回路に近づけます。tiver はいつでも使えますか？se や quando などの条件・時を表す接続詞がある場合のみです。tu の形は使いますか？você の tiver が使われます。tiveres は非常にフォーマルか、地域的な表現です。ter は不規則なのですか？tiver はその典型です。Future Subjunctive of 'Ter'
| Person | Conjugation |
|---|---|
|
Eu
|
tiver
|
|
Tu
|
tiveres
|
|
Ele/Ela/Você
|
tiver
|
|
Nós
|
tivermos
|
|
Vós
|
tiverdes
|
|
Eles/Elas/Vocês
|
tiverem
|
Meanings
The future subjunctive of 'ter' is used to express a hypothetical future event or condition that is dependent on the possession of something.
Conditional Future
Expressing a condition that must be met in the future.
“Se você tiver o livro, me empreste.”
“Quando ele tiver a resposta, ele nos dirá.”
Temporal Future
Expressing an action that will happen once something is possessed.
“Assim que eu tiver o dinheiro, compro o carro.”
“Quando tivermos a autorização, começamos.”
Reference Table
| 代名詞 | 活用形 | 例文 | 日本語訳 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Eu
|
tiver
|
Se eu `tiver` tempo...
|
もし私に時間があれば...
|
|
Tu
|
tiveres
|
Quando tu `tiveres` o link...
|
君がリンクを手に入れたら...
|
|
Ele/Ela/Você
|
tiver
|
Assim que ela `tiver` notícias...
|
彼女にニュースが入り次第...
|
|
Nós
|
tivermos
|
Se nós `tivermos` sorte...
|
もし私たちに運があれば...
|
|
Eles/Elas/Vocês
|
tiverem
|
Quando eles `tiverem` o código...
|
彼らがコードを受け取ったら...
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
Caso eu tenha tempo, entrarei em contato. (Making plans)
Se eu tiver tempo, eu te ligo. (Making plans)
Se eu tiver um tempinho, te dou um toque. (Making plans)
Se der tempo, te ligo. (Making plans)
Ter の接続法未来を引き起こす言葉
条件
- Se もし〜なら
時間
- Quando 〜する時
- Assim que 〜し次第すぐに
継続期間
- Enquanto 〜している間は
直説法 vs 接続法
'tiver' を使うべき？
'se' や 'quando' を使っていますか？
それは未来の可能性の話ですか？
'Tiver' を使ったよくある表現
日常生活
- • Se tiver tempo
- • Quando tiver dinheiro
- • Se tiver fome
ビジネス
- • Se tiver dúvidas
- • Quando tiver a resposta
- • Se tivermos sucesso
レベル別の例文
Se eu tiver tempo, vou.
If I have time, I will go.
Se você tiver o livro, me dê.
If you have the book, give it to me.
Quando eu tiver fome, como.
When I am hungry, I eat.
Se ele tiver dinheiro, compra.
If he has money, he buys it.
Se tivermos sorte, ganhamos.
If we are lucky, we win.
Quando você tiver a resposta, avise.
When you have the answer, let me know.
Se eles tiverem tempo, virão.
If they have time, they will come.
Se eu não tiver o documento, não entro.
If I don't have the document, I don't enter.
Assim que eu tiver notícias, te ligo.
As soon as I have news, I will call you.
Se tiverdes paciência, entenderão.
If you all have patience, you will understand.
Quando tivermos o contrato, assinamos.
When we have the contract, we will sign.
Se você tiver qualquer dúvida, pergunte.
If you have any questions, ask.
Caso eu tiver a oportunidade, viajarei.
In case I have the opportunity, I will travel.
Se eles tiverem a coragem, farão.
If they have the courage, they will do it.
Quando tivermos a solução, resolveremos.
When we have the solution, we will solve it.
Se você não tiver o que fazer, venha.
If you have nothing to do, come over.
Se eu tiver de ir, irei.
If I have to go, I will go.
Quando tiverem de decidir, pensem bem.
When you have to decide, think well.
Se tivermos de esperar, esperaremos.
If we have to wait, we will wait.
Se ele tiver de ser o líder, será.
If he has to be the leader, he will be.
Se eu tiver que me arrepender, que seja agora.
If I have to regret it, let it be now.
Quando tiverem de enfrentar o problema, estarão prontos.
When they have to face the problem, they will be ready.
Se tivermos de mudar, mudaremos.
If we have to change, we will change.
Se você tiver de escolher, escolha o melhor.
If you have to choose, choose the best.
間違えやすい
The personal infinitive (ter) and future subjunctive (tiver) look similar in some persons.
Learners use 'tenho' for future conditions.
Learners mix 'tiver' with 'tivesse'.
よくある間違い
Se eu ter tempo
Se eu tiver tempo
Se eu tenho tempo
Se eu tiver tempo
Se ele ter
Se ele tiver
Quando eu ter
Quando eu tiver
Se nós temos
Se nós tivermos
Quando eles tem
Quando eles tiverem
Se você ter
Se você tiver
Se eu tiveria
Se eu tiver
Se eu tivessem
Se eu tiver
Quando tiver de
Quando tiver de
Se eu tiveres
Se eu tiver
Se eles tiver
Se eles tiverem
Quando tivermos de
Quando tivermos de
Se tiverem de
Se tiverem de
文型パターン
Se eu ___ tempo, eu vou.
Quando você ___ o dinheiro, me pague.
Se eles ___ paciência, conseguirão.
Se nós ___ de sair, avisaremos.
Real World Usage
Se tiver o link, manda aí!
Quando eu tiver mais experiência, gostaria de aplicar.
Se tivermos tempo, visitaremos o museu.
Se tiver cupom, eu compro.
Se tiverem fotos, postem!
Se tivermos qualquer dúvida, entraremos em contato.
語幹の見つけ方
Se eles tiverem tempo, eles virão.
不定詞と混ぜないで！
Se eu tiver uma chance, eu vou.
ブラジルの日常会話
Se você tiver fome, pode comer.
Smart Tips
Always use 'Se eu tiver'.
Use 'tiverem' for 'eles/vocês'.
Use 'tiver' after 'quando' or 'assim que'.
Remember the root 'tiver'.
発音
Tiver
The 'v' is pronounced clearly. The 'e' at the end is often reduced to an 'i' sound in Brazilian Portuguese.
Tiverem
The 'em' at the end sounds like 'ẽj' in Brazilian Portuguese.
Conditional rise
Se eu tiver tempo, ↗ eu te ligo.
The rise indicates the condition is being set.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Tiver rhymes with 'river'. If you have a river of time, you have time.
視覚的連想
Imagine a calendar in the future. You are holding a key. If you have the key (tiver), you open the door to the future.
Rhyme
Se eu tiver, tudo vai ser, quando eu tiver, vou fazer.
Story
Maria wants to travel. She says: 'Se eu tiver dinheiro, vou.' Her friend says: 'Quando você tiver, me avise.' They both use 'tiver' because it is a future plan.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Write 5 sentences using 'Se eu tiver...' about your plans for next weekend.
文化メモ
In Brazil, the future subjunctive is used very naturally in daily life, even in informal texts.
In Portugal, the future subjunctive is also used, but sometimes the personal infinitive is preferred in specific formal contexts.
Usage is similar to Brazil, often used in social media and casual conversation.
The Portuguese future subjunctive evolved from the Latin future perfect indicative.
会話のきっかけ
Se você tiver um dia livre, o que fará?
Quando você tiver férias, para onde vai?
Se tivermos um problema, quem chamamos?
Se você tiver de escolher um país, qual seria?
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
Score: /3
練習問題
8 exercisesSe eu ___ tempo, vou ao cinema.
Which sentence is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
Se você ter a chave, abra a porta.
Eu tenho tempo. (If...)
Se nós ___ tempo, faremos o bolo.
Match: Eles -> ?
Se / eu / tiver / dinheiro / viajo.
The future subjunctive is used for past conditions.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercisestiver / se / tempo / você / me / ligue
When they have the keys, they will enter.
Se tu ___ coragem, faz o salto de paraquedas.
Assim que vocês ___ os ingressos, me avisem.
Se eu ter uma chance, eu falo com ele.
Match the pairs
Se este post ___ 1000 curtidas, eu pinto o cabelo!
assim / tivermos / que / avisamos / novidades
ウェイターが言うなら：
If we have problems, we'll call you.
Score: /10
よくある質問 (8)
Because 'tiver' is the future subjunctive form, which is required for future conditions.
Only if you are talking about a present fact, not a future condition.
Yes, it is used in both Brazil and Portugal.
The root is always 'tiver-'. Just add the endings -es, -e, -emos, -eis, -em.
It is standard in both formal and informal speech.
Yes, it conjugates for all persons: tiver, tiveres, tiver, tivermos, tiverdes, tiverem.
When the subject is 'eles', 'elas', or 'vocês'.
Yes, many irregular verbs have their own future subjunctive forms.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Si tuviera/tuviese
Portuguese uses a dedicated future subjunctive form.
Si j'ai
French does not have a future subjunctive.
Wenn ich habe
German lacks a future subjunctive mood.
もし持っていれば
Japanese grammar is agglutinative and lacks subjunctive moods.
إذا كان لدي
Arabic uses past tense forms for future conditions.
如果我有
Chinese has no verb conjugation.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
関連動画
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