B1 · 중급 챕터 33

The Subjunctive Mood

6 총 규칙
62 예문
9

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of expressing what you wish, doubt, and hope for in Portuguese.

  • Identify triggers for the subjunctive mood.
  • Conjugate regular verbs in the present and future subjunctive.
  • Apply the subjunctive to express hypothetical future conditions.
Unlock the world of possibilities and dreams.

배울 내용

Express wishes, doubts, and emotions using the present and future subjunctive in Portuguese.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use 'talvez' and 'duvido que' to express uncertainty about current events.

챕터 가이드

Overview

The subjunctive mood in Portuguese is a fascinating and crucial aspect of the language, allowing speakers to express a world beyond simple facts. Unlike the indicative mood, which states what is real or certain, the subjunctive steps into the realm of wishes, doubts, emotions, possibilities, and hypothetical situations. Mastering the present and future subjunctive is vital for B1 learners to articulate complex thoughts, engage in nuanced conversations, and truly sound like a native speaker.
This chapter will empower you to express desires with Quero que..., articulate doubts with Talvez or Duvido que, convey emotions using the present subjunctive, and talk about future conditions with phrases like se eu for or quando você tiver.
This guide will walk you through the mechanics of forming both present and future subjunctive tenses for regular and some key irregular verbs. You'll learn to identify the trigger phrases that demand the subjunctive mood, such as those related to hopes, uncertainties, and personal feelings. By the end, you'll be confident in constructing sentences that go beyond stating facts, allowing you to express a rich spectrum of human experience in Portuguese, making your communication much more authentic and expressive.

How This Grammar Works

The subjunctive mood is typically used in dependent clauses introduced by a conjunction like 'que' (that), or by adverbs like 'talvez' (maybe). It signals that the action or state described in the dependent clause is not a certainty, but rather a wish, doubt, emotion, or possibility.
The Present Subjunctive (Presente do Subjuntivo)
This tense is used to express wishes, doubts, emotions, desires, recommendations, and uncertainty about present or future actions.
Formation for Regular Verbs:
  1. 1Take the 'eu' form of the verb in the present indicative.
  2. 2Remove the '-o' ending.
  3. 3Add the appropriate subjunctive endings:
* For -AR verbs: -e, -es, -e, -emos, -eis, -em (e.g., falar -> eu falo -> fal- -> que eu fale, que você fale, que ele/ela fale, que nós falemos, que vocês falem, que eles/elas falem)
* For -ER verbs: -a, -as, -a, -amos, -ais, -am (e.g., comer -> eu como -> com- -> que eu coma, que você coma, que ele/ela coma, que nós comamos, que vocês comam, que eles/elas comam)
* For -IR verbs: -a, -as, -a, -amos, -ais, -am (e.g., partir -> eu parto -> part- -> que eu parta, que você parta, que ele/ela parta, que nós partamos, que vocês partam, que eles/elas partam)
Key Triggers and Examples:
* Wishes/Desires: Verbs like querer (to want), desejar (to wish), esperar (to hope).
* Eu quero que você estude mais. (I want you to study more.)
* Espero que ele chegue a tempo. (I hope he arrives on time.)
* Doubts/Uncertainty: Phrases like duvidar que (to doubt that), é possível que (it's possible that), talvez (maybe).
* Duvido que você saiba a verdade. (I doubt you know the truth.)
* Talvez chova amanhã. (Maybe it will rain tomorrow.)
* É possível que ele venha à festa. (It's possible he comes to the party.)
* Emotions: Verbs/expressions conveying feelings, like ficar feliz que (to be happy that), sentir que (to feel that, in an emotional sense), é uma pena que (it's a pity that).
* Fico feliz que você esteja aqui. (I'm happy that you are here.)
* É uma pena que ele não possa vir. (It's a pity he can't come.)
* Impersonal Expressions: Phrases like é importante que (it's important that), é necessário que (it's necessary that).
* É importante que você leia o livro. (It's important that you read the book.)
Irregular Verbs in the Present Subjunctive:
Some common verbs are irregular. It's often helpful to memorize their forms.
* Ser (to be): que eu seja, que você seja, que ele/ela seja, que nós sejamos, que vocês sejam, que eles/elas sejam
* Estar (to be): que eu esteja, que você esteja, que ele/ela esteja, que nós estejamos, que vocês estejam, que eles/elas estejam
* Ter (to have): que eu tenha, que você tenha, que ele/ela tenha, que nós tenhamos, que vocês tenham, que eles/elas tenham
* Ir (to go): que eu , que você , que ele/ela , que nós vamos, que vocês vão, que eles/elas vão
The Future Subjunctive (Futuro do Subjuntivo)
This tense is used for hypothetical or conditional situations that refer to the future. It's often found in 'if' clauses (se) or temporal clauses (quando, assim que).
Formation:
  1. 1Take the infinitive form of the verb.
  2. 2For most regular verbs, the future subjunctive forms are similar to the personal infinitive, but for irregular verbs, they derive from the past participle or a specific irregular stem.
* eu: same as infinitive (or irregular stem + -Ø)
* você/ele/ela: same as infinitive (or irregular stem + -Ø)
* nós: infinitive + -mos (or irregular stem + -mos)
* vocês/eles/elas: infinitive + -em (or irregular stem + -em)
Key Triggers and Examples:
* Conditional Clauses (Se):
* Se você for ao mercado, compre pão. (If you go to the market, buy bread.) (from ir)
* Se eu tiver tempo, eu te ajudo. (If I have time, I'll help you.) (from ter)
* Se ele fizer o trabalho, ele passará. (If he does the work, he will pass.) (from fazer)
* Temporal Clauses (Quando, Assim que, Enquanto):
* Quando você voltar, me ligue. (When you return, call me.)
* Assim que eles chegarem, começamos a reunião. (As soon as they arrive, we start the meeting.)

Common Mistakes

✗ Eu quero que você estuda mais.
✓ Eu quero que você estude mais.
Why: Querer que (to want that) is a common trigger for the present subjunctive, indicating a desire rather than a fact.
✗ Talvez ele está em casa.
✓ Talvez ele esteja em casa.
Why: Talvez (maybe) when expressing doubt or possibility typically requires the present subjunctive.
✗ Se eu tenho tempo, eu te aviso.
✓ Se eu tiver tempo, eu te aviso.
Why: When se introduces a future hypothetical condition, the future subjunctive is required for the verb in the se clause.
✗ É importante que vocês fala português.
✓ É importante que vocês falem português.
Why: É importante que is an impersonal expression demanding the present subjunctive. The ending for vocês for an -AR verb is -em.
✗ Fico feliz que você é aqui.
✓ Fico feliz que você esteja aqui.
Why: Expressions of emotion (like ficar feliz que) require the present subjunctive for the dependent clause. Estar is irregular in the subjunctive.

Real Conversations

A

A

Eu duvido que ele saiba a resposta para essa pergunta.
B

B

É verdade, talvez seja um mistério para ele também.
A

A

Espero que ele não desista.

Translation:

A

A

I doubt he knows the answer to that question.
B

B

It's true, maybe it's a mystery for him too.
A

A

I hope he doesn't give up.
A

A

Se você tiver um tempo livre amanhã, podemos sair?
B

B

Ah, claro! Quando você for me buscar, me avisa, por favor.
A

A

Combinado. Assim que eu chegar perto, eu te ligo.

Translation:

A

A

If you have some free time tomorrow, can we go out?
B

B

Oh, sure! When you come to pick me up, please let me know.
A

A

Agreed. As soon as I get close, I'll call you.
A

A

É essencial que você preste atenção na aula.
B

B

Eu sei, mas é uma pena que o professor fale tão rápido.
A

A

Fico feliz que você esteja tentando, isso é o mais importante.

Translation:

A

A

It's essential that you pay attention in class.
B

B

I know, but it's a pity that the teacher speaks so fast.
A

A

I'm happy that you are trying, that's the most important thing.

Quick FAQ

Q

When do I use the present subjunctive?

You use the present subjunctive when the main clause expresses a desire, doubt, emotion, hope, command, or an impersonal opinion about the action in the dependent clause. It's about expressing non-factuality or subjective states. Common triggers include quero que, espero que, duvido que, talvez, and é importante que.

Q

When do I use the future subjunctive?

The future subjunctive is used in conditional (se) and temporal (quando, assim que, enquanto) clauses when referring to a hypothetical or uncertain action in the future. It sets up a condition that needs to be met for something else to happen. For example, Se eu tiver tempo... (If I have time...).

Q

Is the future subjunctive really used in everyday Brazilian Portuguese?

Yes, absolutely! While some of its forms might seem complex, the future subjunctive is very common, especially with frequent verbs like ser (seja), ter (tiver), ir (for), and fazer (fizer). You'll hear it constantly in conditional sentences and clauses starting with quando in casual conversation.

Q

How do I know if a verb is irregular in the subjunctive?

For the present subjunctive, many verbs that are irregular in the 'eu' form of the present indicative will also have irregular stems in the present subjunctive. For example, fazer (eu faço) becomes que eu faça. For the future subjunctive, key irregulars like ser, ter, ir, fazer, dizer often have unique stems that you'll encounter frequently and are best memorized through exposure and practice.

Cultural Context

The subjunctive mood is deeply woven into the fabric of Portuguese communication, reflecting a cultural tendency towards nuance, politeness, and the expression of subjective experience. Unlike some languages where the subjunctive might be less frequently used or have simpler forms, Portuguese embraces it as a fundamental tool for expressing a wide range of human perspectives. It allows speakers to convey empathy, uncertainty, or a softer demand, rather than a direct, declarative statement, which can be perceived as more abrupt.
Understanding and correctly using the subjunctive is not just about grammar; it's about appreciating a layer of cultural communication. It enables you to participate in conversations that are rich with wishes, hopes, and subtle indications of doubt or possibility, which are often valued in Portuguese-speaking cultures. Whether expressing a heartfelt desire for someone's well-being or cautiously discussing a future plan, the subjunctive empowers you to navigate social interactions with greater sensitivity and authenticity, bridging the gap between simply understanding words and truly grasping the underlying sentiments.

주요 예문 (4)

1

Se eu for rico um dia, viajo o mundo.

언젠가 내가 부자가 된다면, 세계 여행을 할 거야.

포르투갈어 미래 접속법: 만약 내가 ~라면... (se eu for)
2

Me avise quando for a hora certa.

적절한 때가 되면 나에게 알려줘.

포르투갈어 미래 접속법: 만약 내가 ~라면... (se eu for)
3

Se eu `tiver` dinheiro, compro o novo iPhone.

If I have money, I'll buy the new iPhone.

시간이 있다면: 'Ter'의 미래 접속법 (tiver)
4

Quando você `tiver` um minuto, me mande um WhatsApp.

When you have a minute, send me a WhatsApp message.

시간이 있다면: 'Ter'의 미래 접속법 (tiver)

팁과 요령 (4)

🎯

모음 스왑(Vowel Swap) 비법

동사 어미가 반대로 바뀐다고 생각하세요! -AR 동사는 E로, -ER/-IR 동사는 A로 변신해요. 예를 들어 falarfale가 된답니다.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 포르투갈어 접속법: 의심과 불확실성 (Talvez, Duvido que)
💡

'Foram' 트릭을 기억하세요

과거형인 'eles foram'에서 '-am'만 떼어내면 미래 접속법의 뿌리가 완성돼요. Eles foram (그들은 이었다) -> for (내가 ~라면).
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 포르투갈어 미래 접속법: 만약 내가 ~라면... (se eu for)
🎯

'Talvez'의 마법

'Talvez'(아마도)라는 단어는 접속법을 끌어당기는 자석 같아요. 문장 처음에 이 단어가 오면 동사를 바로 바꿔주세요. Talvez ele vá (아마 그가 갈 거예요).
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 포르투갈어 접속법 현재 (규칙 동사 정복하기)
🎯

마법의 '반대 모음' 규칙

이것만 기억하세요! -ir 동사는 접속법에서 원래의 모음 대신 'a'를 사용해요. 정말 간단하고 확실한 방법이죠:
Espero que você abra a porta.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 희망과 의심 표현하기: 규칙 -ir 동사 (Subjuntivo)

핵심 어휘 (5)

Duvidar to doubt Talvez maybe Querer to want Se if Ter to have

Real-World Preview

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Planning a Trip

Review Summary

  • Duvido que + Subjunctive
  • Se + Future Subjunctive

자주 하는 실수

After 'quero que', you must use the subjunctive. 'Vá' is the subjunctive form of 'ir'.

Wrong: Eu quero que você vai.
정답: Eu quero que você vá.

When talking about a hypothetical future, use the future subjunctive, not the indicative.

Wrong: Se eu tenho tempo...
정답: Se eu tiver tempo...

Doubt triggers the subjunctive. For -ar verbs, change the 'a' to 'e'.

Wrong: Duvido que ele fala.
정답: Duvido que ele fale.

이 챕터의 규칙 (6)

Next Steps

You have conquered one of the most challenging aspects of Portuguese grammar! Keep practicing, and it will become second nature.

Write 5 sentences about your future goals using 'se eu tiver'.

빠른 연습 (6)

Fill in the blank with the correct form of 'ter'.

Se eu ___ tempo, vou ao cinema.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: tiver
Future subjunctive is required after 'se'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 시간이 있다면: 'Ter'의 미래 접속법 (tiver)

빈칸에 알맞은 'ser'의 형태를 채워 넣으세요.

Se você ___ paciente, vai conseguir a vaga.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: for
'se' 뒤에 미래의 조건을 나타내며 'você'를 주어로 쓸 때는 미래 접속법 'for'가 정답이에요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 포르투갈어 미래 접속법: 만약 내가 ~라면... (se eu for)

Correct the mistake in the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Se você ter a chave, abra a porta.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Se você tiver
Infinitive 'ter' is incorrect here.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 시간이 있다면: 'Ter'의 미래 접속법 (tiver)

미래 접속법이 올바르게 사용된 문장을 고르세요.

Choose the grammatically correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Quando nós formos velhos, vamos morar na praia.
'quando' 뒤에 미래의 상태를 말할 때는 'nós'에 맞는 미래 접속법 'formos'를 써야 해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 포르투갈어 미래 접속법: 만약 내가 ~라면... (se eu for)

문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾아 고치세요.

Se o filme ser chato, eu vou dormir.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Se o filme for chato, eu vou dormir.
'se' 뒤에는 동사원형 'ser'를 그대로 쓸 수 없어요. 3인칭 단수인 'o filme'에 맞춰 'for'로 바꿔야 합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 포르투갈어 미래 접속법: 만약 내가 ~라면... (se eu for)

Choose the correct sentence.

Which sentence is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Se eu tiver dinheiro, compro.
Correct conjugation for future subjunctive.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 시간이 있다면: 'Ter'의 미래 접속법 (tiver)

Score: /6

자주 묻는 질문 (6)

일상 대화는 유연할 수 있지만, 글을 쓰거나 공식적인 자리에서는 필수예요. 접속법을 잘 쓰면 포르투갈어 실력이 훨씬 고급스럽게 보인답니다. Talvez ele saiba처럼 말이죠.
불규칙 동사는 '스왑' 규칙이 딱 맞지 않아요. 'ser'는 'sej-'를 기본으로 해서 seja, sejamos, sejam으로 변하니 통째로 익히는 게 좋아요.
미래에 일어날 수도 있고 아닐 수도 있는 가상의 상황을 설명해요. 보통 Se eu for... 처럼 조건을 걸 때 사용하죠.
일반 미래(serei)는 '나는 ~가 될 것이다'라는 확신을 줄 때 써요. 반면 접속법(for)은 '만약 ~라면' 같은 불확실성을 담고 있어요.
한마디로 '비현실의 세계'예요. 아직 일어나지 않은 일, 바라는 일, 혹은 확실하지 않은 일을 말할 때 쓰는 말투랍니다.
아니요! 흔한 오해예요. 앞부분이 의심, 감정, 소망을 나타낼 때만 써요.
Eu sei que ele vai
(그가 가는 걸 알아요)는 사실이라서 직설법을 써요.