A2 Future & Conditional 9 min read 简单

葡萄牙语简单将来时：规则 -er 和 -ir 动词

To form the future, add -ei, -ás, -á, -emos, -ão directly to the complete infinitive verb.
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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

To form the future for -er/-ir verbs, keep the full infinitive and add the endings: -ei, -ás, -á, -emos, -eis, -ão.

  • Keep the full infinitive: 'comer' becomes 'comer-'
  • Add the endings: eu comerei, tu comerás, ele comerá
  • Plural forms: nós comeremos, vós comereis, eles comerão
Infinitive + (ei, ás, á, emos, eis, ão) = Future Verb

Overview

你有没有在 Instagram 上发布过新年计划，然后在 1 月 2 日就完全忘光了？我们都经历过。在葡萄牙语中，当你想要做出那些宏大的承诺或预测下一个 TikTok 热门趋势时，你需要“简单将来时”（Futuro do Presente）。这是属于梦想家、计划者和天气预报员的时态。有趣的是，这实际上是最容易学习的时态之一。为什么？因为你不需要切掉动词的结尾。你保留整个单词，只需在末尾添加一点点额外内容。这就像为你已经拥有的衣服配上一顶时尚的帽子。巴西的大多数人在日常对话中会使用快捷方式；他们更喜欢说 vou comer（我打算去吃）。但如果你想写一封专业的电子邮件，或者听起来像 Netflix 剧集中的主角，简单将来时就是你最好的朋友。它会让你的谈吐显得考究且确定。让我们来看看如何轻松处理规则的 -er 和 -ir 动词。

How This Grammar Works

把这个时态看作“不定式加法”规则。对于大多数葡萄牙语时态，你必须找到动词的词根，通常要先去掉 -er 或 -ir。但在将来时中，不需要。对于简单将来时，你使用完整的不定式。这就是你在词典中找到的基础形式，如 comer（吃）或 abrir（打开）。你保留那个 'r'。然后，你添加一组特定的结尾。这些结尾实际上源自词组 haver（有），但你不需要担心这段历史课。最棒的是，-ar、-er 和 -ir 动词的结尾都是一样的。这对你的大脑来说是“买一送三”的超值优惠。在现代巴西葡萄牙语中，我们主要使用 eu、você、ele/ela、nós 和 vocês/eles/elas。除了非常古老的书籍或宗教仪式外，我们很少使用正式的 vós。如果你在里约的海滩酒吧使用它，人们可能会认为你是时空旅行者。保持简单，坚持使用常用代词。

Formation Pattern

1
构建这个时态就像一个简单的数学方程式。按照这三个步骤即可达到完美：
2
从动词的完整不定式开始。例如：beber（喝）。
3
不要移除结尾。保留 r。
4
添加与你的主语匹配的将来时结尾。
5
以下是规则 -er 和 -ir 动词的神奇公式：
6
形式 | 例子 (Comer) | 翻译
7
eu | comerei | 我将吃
8
você/ele/ela | comerá | 你/他/她将吃
9
nós | comeremos | 我们将吃
10
vocês/eles/elas | comerão | 你们/他们将吃
11
注意 -ir 动词的模式是完全一样的：
12
形式 | 例子 (Abrir) | 翻译
13
eu | abrirei | 我将打开
14
você/ele/ela | abrirá | 你/他/她将打开
15
nós | abriremos | 我们将打开
16
vocês/eles/elas | abrirão | 你们/他们将打开
17
记忆小窍门 (Memory Trick): 结尾通常以字母 'e' 或 'a' 开头。只要记住将来是 A-E-O。表示“他们”的 ão 结尾听起来像巨大的轰鸣声（Boom）——这正是当你为未来计划大事时会发生的情景！

When To Use It

你会在书面葡萄牙语中随处看到这个时态。新闻网站用它来描述明天经济的标题。作者用它来描述角色接下来的行动。在口语中，它非常适合做出庄严的承诺。如果你对伴侣说 eu te amarei para sempre（我会永远爱你），这听起来比日常版本浪漫得多。你也可以用它进行预测。明天会下雨吗？天气应用会显示 choverá。它也非常适合“如果……会怎样”的场景。虽然它稍微正式一点，但在 Zoom 面试中使用它可以展示你高水平的语言技能。这暗示你对这份工作非常认真。当你发布关于未来旅行的帖子时，可以用它作为社交媒体配文。Em breve, partirei para Portugal!（不久后，我将启程前往葡萄牙！）。这听起来既令人兴奋又充满冒险感。只是不要在五分钟后就要发生的事情上使用它。如果你正准备吃三明治，直接说 vou comer 即可。把简单将来时留给大事或书面表达。

Common Mistakes

英语母语者最大的陷阱就是试图去掉 -er 或 -ir。在现在时，你会说 eu como（我吃）。在将来时，如果你说 eu comei，你实际上说的是过去时的“我吃了”！这是一个巨大的差别。你必须保留 'r'。应该是 eu comerei。另一个常见的错误是重音符号。você (á) 和 eles (ão) 的形式重音非常强。如果你忘记了 abrirá 上的重音，它就失去了将来的力量。另外，要注意 nós 的形式。它是 comeremos。人们有时会尝试说 comemos，但这只是现在时。这就像对你的老板说“我们完成项目（现在时）”而不是“我们将完成项目（将来时）”。一个听起来像事实，另一个听起来像承诺。最后，不要混淆 -ão（将来时）和 -am（过去/现在时）。Eles comerão 是将来时。Eles comeram 是过去时。一个字母就能改变你午餐的整个时间线！

Contrast With Similar Patterns

在葡萄牙语中，谈论将来有两种主要方式。一种是我们现在学习的“简单将来时”，另一种是“最近将来时”(ir + 不定式)。把 ir 版本看作你的“日常运动鞋”；你在 90% 的谈话中使用它。Eu vou beber uma água（我要去喝水）。这很随意也很简单。简单将来时是你的“高级西装或礼服”。当你想要给人留下深刻印象，或者事情更确定且更遥远时，你会使用它。还有“将来虚拟式”，但那是针对高级水平的。目前，只需知道如果你想听起来更果断，请使用简单将来时。在葡萄牙，人们使用简单将来时的频率比巴西稍微高一点。如果你给里斯本的朋友发短信，escreverei para você（我会写信给你）听起来非常正常。在圣保罗，这听起来可能有点像你在写诗。但不用担心，无论哪种方式，大家都能理解你。

Quick FAQ

问：我可以对所有动词使用这个时态吗？
答：几乎可以！大多数动词是规则的。少数像 fazer 和 dizer 这种是例外，但我们以后会学到。
问：在短信中使用它可以吗？
答：可以，特别是如果你想听起来很确定或稍微正式一点。
问：为什么 nós 没有重音符号？
答：就是没有！重音自然落在 re 部分：co-me-RE-mos。
问：它对 -ar 动词也适用吗？
答：是的！结尾完全一样。Falar 变成 falarei。这是该语言中最一致的规则。
问：如果我在非正式场合使用它，人们会笑话我吗？
答：完全不会。他们只会认为你的谈吐非常优雅。这就像在群聊中总是使用正确标点符号的人一样。

Conjugation of -er and -ir Verbs

Pronoun Ending Comer (to eat) Partir (to leave)
Eu
-ei
Comerei
Partirei
Tu
-ás
Comerás
Partirás
Ele/Ela/Você
-á
Comerá
Partirá
Nós
-emos
Comeremos
Partiremos
Vós
-eis
Comereis
Partireis
Eles/Elas/Vocês
-ão
Comerão
Partirão

Meanings

Used to express actions that will happen in the future or to make predictions.

1

Future Prediction

Events expected to occur.

“Eu partirei cedo.”

“Nós escreveremos o relatório.”

2

Formal Promise

Committing to an action.

“Eu prometerei fidelidade.”

“Nós resolveremos o problema.”

Reference Table

Reference table for 葡萄牙语简单将来时：规则 -er 和 -ir 动词
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Infinitive + Ending
Eu comerei
Negative
Não + Infinitive + Ending
Eu não comerei
Question
Infinitive + Ending + Subject?
Comerás tu?
Short Answer
Sim/Não + Verb
Sim, comerei
Plural
Infinitive + Ending
Nós comeremos
Formal
Infinitive + Ending
Você partirá

正式程度

正式
Eu comerei.

Eu comerei. (Dining)

中性
Vou comer.

Vou comer. (Dining)

非正式
Vou comer.

Vou comer. (Dining)

俚语
Vou mandar ver.

Vou mandar ver. (Dining)

Future Tense Construction

Infinitive Verb

Endings

  • -ei I
  • -ás You
  • -á He/She
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按水平分级的例句

1

Eu comerei pão.

I will eat bread.

2

Tu partirás cedo.

You will leave early.

3

Nós viveremos aqui.

We will live here.

4

Eles escreverão um livro.

They will write a book.

1

Você receberá a carta amanhã.

You will receive the letter tomorrow.

2

Nós não beberemos álcool.

We will not drink alcohol.

3

Ela assistirá ao filme.

She will watch the movie.

4

Eles venderão a casa.

They will sell the house.

1

O governo resolverá a crise.

The government will resolve the crisis.

2

Eu esquecerei este momento.

I will forget this moment.

3

Nós correremos na maratona.

We will run in the marathon.

4

Tu entenderás a lição.

You will understand the lesson.

1

A empresa oferecerá um bônus.

The company will offer a bonus.

2

Eles descreverão o ocorrido.

They will describe what happened.

3

Nós permitiremos a entrada.

We will allow entry.

4

Ela subirá ao palco.

She will go up on stage.

1

Quem viver, verá.

He who lives, will see.

2

A lei proíbe, mas nós recorreremos.

The law forbids it, but we will appeal.

3

Ele converterá os arquivos.

He will convert the files.

4

Nós interromperemos a transmissão.

We will interrupt the broadcast.

1

A história julgará nossas ações.

History will judge our actions.

2

Ele incorrerá em erro grave.

He will incur a serious error.

3

Nós prescindiremos de ajuda.

We will dispense with help.

4

Eles auferirão lucros imensos.

They will reap immense profits.

容易混淆

Portuguese Simple Future: Regular -er & -ir Verbs 对比 Futuro Próximo vs. Futuro Simples

Learners don't know when to use 'vou comer' vs 'comerei'.

Portuguese Simple Future: Regular -er & -ir Verbs 对比 Future vs. Past

Ending -ão (future) vs -am (past).

Portuguese Simple Future: Regular -er & -ir Verbs 对比 Conditional vs. Future

Ending -ia vs -ei.

常见错误

✗

Eu comoei

✓

Eu comerei

Don't remove the -er.
✗

Eu vou comerei

✓

Eu comerei

Don't mix constructions.
✗

Eu comerei-ei

✓

Eu comerei

Double ending error.
✗

Eu comerá

✓

Eu comerei

Wrong person conjugation.
✗

Nós partiremos

✓

Nós partiremos

Stress error.
✗

Eles comeram

✓

Eles comerão

Confusing future with past.
✗

Tu comerá

✓

Tu comerás

Person agreement.
✗

Eu terei comerei

✓

Eu terei comido

Mixing future perfect.
✗

Se eu comerei

✓

Se eu comer

Future in 'if' clauses.
✗

Ele partirá-se

✓

Ele partir-se-á

Clitic placement.
✗

Eu diria que ele comerá

✓

Eu diria que ele comerá (context dependent)

Nuance error.
✗

Talvez ele comerá

✓

Talvez ele coma

Future after 'talvez'.
✗

Quando ele comerá

✓

Quando ele comer

Future in time clauses.
✗

Espero que ele comerá

✓

Espero que ele coma

Subjunctive requirement.

句型

Eu ___ (verb) amanhã.

Nós ___ (verb) o relatório.

Eles ___ (verb) a casa.

Tu ___ (verb) cedo?

Real World Usage

Job Interview common

Eu resolverei os problemas da empresa.

Texting occasional

Te ligarei mais tarde.

News Report constant

O governo anunciará novas medidas.

Travel Itinerary common

O trem partirá às 10h.

Food Delivery App occasional

Você receberá seu pedido em breve.

Social Media common

Eu postarei fotos amanhã!

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💡

Keep the Infinitive

Don't cut the verb! Keep the -er or -ir ending intact.
⚠️

Don't Overuse

In Brazil, use this sparingly in conversation to avoid sounding like a book.
🎯

Focus on the Endings

Memorize the endings as a single block: ei-ás-á-emos-eis-ão.
💬

Regional Differences

Expect to hear this more in Portugal than in Brazil.

Smart Tips

Use the simple future to sound professional.

Eu vou resolver o problema. → Eu resolverei o problema.

Recognize the -ão ending as future.

Eles comeram (past). → Eles comerão (future).

Use this tense more freely.

Vou partir. → Partirei.

Use the simple future for emphasis.

Eu vou te amar. → Eu te amarei.

发音

co-me-REI

Stress

The stress is always on the final syllable of the ending.

Rising

Comerás? ↑

Questioning

记住它

记忆技巧

Remember 'EI-AS-A-EMOS-EIS-AO' like a rhythmic chant.

视觉联想

Imagine a train (the infinitive) pulling a carriage of passengers (the endings).

Rhyme

Para o futuro, não corte o final, apenas adicione o sufixo, é natural!

Story

Imagine you are a king. You declare: 'Eu comerei o banquete, tu partirás para a guerra, ele vencerá a batalha.' Everything is certain and formal.

Word Web

ComereiPartireiVivereiEscrevereiRecebereiSubirei

挑战

Write 3 sentences about your plans for next year using this tense.

文化笔记

The simple future is often replaced by 'ir + infinitive' in speech.

The simple future is used more frequently in daily speech than in Brazil.

Used in all regions for contracts and official statements.

Derived from the Latin infinitive + the verb 'habere' (to have).

对话开场白

“

O que você fará amanhã?

“

Você escreverá um livro?

“

Quando você partirá de férias?

“

Você receberá visitas?

日记主题

Write about your plans for next year.
Predict the future of technology.
Write a formal promise to yourself.
Describe a future trip in detail.

常见错误

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

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Test Yourself

Conjugate 'comer' for 'Eu'.

Eu ___ (comer) amanhã.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: comerei
Eu + -ei = comerei.
Select the correct form for 'Nós'. 多项选择

Nós ___ (partir) cedo.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: partiremos
Nós + -emos = partiremos.
Fix the mistake. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Eu comoei o bolo.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu comerei
Keep the infinitive.
Change to future. Sentence Transformation

Eu como pão. -> Eu ___ pão.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: comerei
Future of comer is comerei.
Match pronoun to ending. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: -ei
Eu uses -ei.
Conjugate 'viver' for 'Eles'. Conjugation Drill

Eles ___ (viver).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: viverão
Eles + -ão = viverão.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

amanhã / eu / partir / cedo

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: All are correct
Word order is flexible.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Você comerá? B: Sim, ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: comerei
First person answer.

Score: /8

练习题

8 exercises
Conjugate 'comer' for 'Eu'.

Eu ___ (comer) amanhã.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: comerei
Eu + -ei = comerei.
Select the correct form for 'Nós'. 多项选择

Nós ___ (partir) cedo.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: partiremos
Nós + -emos = partiremos.
Fix the mistake. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Eu comoei o bolo.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu comerei
Keep the infinitive.
Change to future. Sentence Transformation

Eu como pão. -> Eu ___ pão.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: comerei
Future of comer is comerei.
Match pronoun to ending. Match Pairs

Eu -> ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: -ei
Eu uses -ei.
Conjugate 'viver' for 'Eles'. Conjugation Drill

Eles ___ (viver).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: viverão
Eles + -ão = viverão.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

amanhã / eu / partir / cedo

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: All are correct
Word order is flexible.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Você comerá? B: Sim, ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: comerei
First person answer.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
Fill in the blank with 'abrir' in the future. 填空

Ela ___ o e-mail mais tarde.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: abrirá
Fix the mistake: 'Eles dividiram a conta amanhã.' Error Correction

Eles dividiram a conta amanhã.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eles dividirão a conta amanhã.
Translate to Portuguese: 'We will write the report.' 翻译

Translate: 'We will write the report.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nós escreveremos o relatório.
Which form is used for 'you' (singular, informal in Brazil)? 多项选择

Amanhã você ___ o presente.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: receberá
Reorder the words to make a sentence. Sentence Reorder

viajaremos / Nós / para / amanhã / Lisboa

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nós viajaremos para Lisboa amanhã.
Match the pronoun to the future form of 'viver'. Match Pairs

Match the pairs:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu | viverei
Complete with the future of 'assistir'. 填空

Vocês ___ ao filme no cinema?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: assistirão
Choose the most formal future promise. 多项选择

Select the correct formal promise:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu te amarei para sempre.
Correct the verb: 'Tu partirás amanhã?' (Grammar focus) Error Correction

Tu partirás amanhã?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Tu partirás amanhã?
Translate: 'They will eat at the restaurant.' 翻译

They will eat at the restaurant.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eles comerão no restaurante.

Score: /10

常见问题 (8)

No! Keep the full infinitive.

Yes, but mostly in writing.

Some verbs have irregular stems, but regular -er/-ir verbs are consistent.

Technically yes, but 'vou + infinitive' is better for plans.

It marks the future tense plural.

Yes, it is considered formal.

Just add 'não' before the verb.

Yes, they follow the same pattern.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

Spanish high

Futuro simple

Portuguese endings are slightly different.

French moderate

Futur simple

French often changes the stem.

German low

Futur I

Portuguese is synthetic; German is analytic.

Japanese none

Non-past

Portuguese has a dedicated future tense.

Arabic low

Sa- prefix

Portuguese uses a suffix.

Chinese none

Yào / Huì

Portuguese conjugates the verb.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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