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A2 noun #7,000 最常用 11分钟阅读

گودال

gudul
开始练习 例句 笔记与提示 گودال 30秒了解
解析 گودال in your Level:
At the A1 level, you only need to know that 'goudal' means a 'hole' or 'pit' in the ground. Think of it as a place where water might collect when it rains. You can use it in very simple sentences like 'This is a hole' (In yek goudal ast). It is a basic physical object you might see while walking. Don't worry about complex grammar yet; just focus on recognizing the word when you see a dip in the ground or a puddle. You might hear it when someone warns you to watch your step. It's an important safety word for beginners to understand. Imagine a child digging in the sand; the result of their digging is a 'goudal'. It is a concrete noun, meaning it's something you can see and touch. At this stage, just associate the sound 'goudal' with the image of a hole in the earth.
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At the A2 level, you should be able to use 'goudal' with simple adjectives and in basic action sentences. You can describe its size: 'a big pit' (yek goudal-e bozorg) or its contents: 'a pit of water' (yek goudal-e ab). You can also use it with basic verbs like 'to see' (didan) or 'to have' (dashtan). For example, 'The road has a hole' (Jadde yek goudal darad). You are beginning to understand that it's different from a small hole in a shirt. You can use it to describe things you see in your neighborhood, like construction sites or broken pavement. You should also be able to understand simple warnings like 'Be careful, there is a pit here' (Movazeb bash, inja yek goudal ast). This level is about using the word to communicate basic needs and observations about your immediate environment.
At the B1 level, you can use 'goudal' in more complex sentences and understand its role in narratives. You might describe how a 'goudal' was formed, perhaps by rain or by workers digging. You can use the word with more specific verbs like 'to dig' (kandan) or 'to fall' (oftadan). For example, 'The cat fell into the pit' (Gorbe dar goudal oftad). You are also starting to see how it's used in news reports or stories to set a scene. You can compare it to other words like 'chah' (well) and explain the difference in simple Persian. Your vocabulary is expanding to include related terms like 'amigh' (deep) or 'kam-omgh' (shallow) to give more detail. You can also use it in the plural form 'goudal-ha' correctly in sentences about multiple issues on a road or in a field. This level marks the transition from simple naming to active description.
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At the B2 level, you should be comfortable using 'goudal' in both physical and slightly metaphorical contexts. you can discuss urban issues, such as the danger of 'goudal-ha' in the streets, and use more formal language like 'ijad shodan' (to be created). You might say, 'Heavy rains have created many pits in the rural roads.' You can also understand more technical uses, such as in archaeology or geology. You are able to use the word in the passive voice and in relative clauses. For example, 'The pit that was dug for the foundation of the house was very deep.' You can also use it to describe abstract concepts, like 'a pit of problems,' though this is still emerging. Your pronunciation should be clear, and you should be able to distinguish it from similar-sounding words in fast speech. You are now using the word with the precision of a more advanced speaker.
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At the C1 level, you use 'goudal' with nuance and stylistic flair. You can use it in literary analysis or formal writing to represent depth, emptiness, or a trap. You understand the historical and cultural connotations, such as the 'Goud' in traditional Iranian wrestling. You can use the word in complex idiomatic expressions and understand its role in classical and modern poetry. Your use of the word is precise; you choose 'goudal' over 'hofre' or 'chah' based on the exact imagery you want to evoke. You can write detailed reports on environmental issues where 'goudal' might refer to sinkholes or craters, and you can discuss the socio-economic 'pits' a country might fall into. You are aware of the word's etymology and how it relates to other words in the Indo-European family. Your mastery allows you to use the word to add texture and depth to your Persian communication.
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At the C2 level, 'goudal' is a tool for professional and creative mastery. You can use it in high-level academic discourse, perhaps in a paper on geology or urban planning, with absolute precision. You can appreciate and use the word in its most subtle metaphorical forms in literature, using it to evoke profound existential or social themes. You can navigate the most complex puns or wordplay involving 'goudal' and its homophones or related roots. You understand the regional variations in how the word might be used across the Persian-speaking world. For you, the word is not just a label for a hole, but a versatile concept that can describe everything from a lunar crater to a deep-seated emotional void. You use it with the ease of a native speaker, integrating it perfectly into the rhythm and flow of sophisticated Persian prose and poetry.
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开始练习 例句 笔记与提示

گودال 30秒了解

  • A Persian noun meaning a pit, hole, or depression in the ground.
  • Commonly used in construction, nature, and urban hazard contexts.
  • Distinguished from 'surākh' (small hole) and 'chāh' (deep well).
  • Can be used metaphorically to describe difficult situations or 'depths'.

The Persian word گودال (Goudāl) is a fundamental noun that every learner should master early in their journey. At its core, it refers to a physical depression, a hollow, or a pit in the ground. Unlike a simple 'hole' (سوراخ - surākh), which could be a tiny puncture in a piece of paper or a needle's eye, a goudāl implies a certain level of depth and volume, typically occurring in the earth or a solid surface. Imagine walking down a street in Tehran after a heavy rain; you might see a گودال آب (goudāl-e āb), which is a puddle formed in a hollow part of the asphalt. This word is versatile, spanning from the mundane world of construction and road maintenance to the poetic and metaphorical realms of Persian literature.

Physical Context
In everyday life, you will encounter this word when discussing geography, gardening, or urban issues. If a gardener is planting a large tree, they don't just poke a hole; they dig a goudāl to accommodate the roots. In construction, the massive excavation site for a skyscraper is often referred to as a large goudāl before the foundation is poured. It suggests a space that has been hollowed out, either by human hands, machinery, or natural forces like erosion.
Metaphorical Depth
Beyond the physical, Persian speakers use goudāl to describe figurative 'pits.' For instance, one might speak of a 'pit of despair' or a 'financial hole.' It conveys a sense of being trapped or falling into a situation that is difficult to climb out of. This metaphorical usage is common in higher-level literature and formal speeches, where the 'depth' of the hole symbolizes the gravity of a problem.

ماشین در یک گودال بزرگ در جاده افتاد.
(The car fell into a large pit on the road.)

Understanding the nuance between goudāl and its synonyms is crucial. While chāh (چاه) specifically refers to a 'well' (usually deep and narrow, often for water), a goudāl is generally wider and less uniform. You might find a goudāl in the middle of a desert formed by wind, or a goudāl in a playground where children have been digging. It is a word that describes the topography of a surface that has lost its flatness.

بچه‌ها در ساحل یک گودال عمیق کندند.
(The children dug a deep hole on the beach.)

When you use this word, you are often describing something that needs to be filled, avoided, or investigated. It carries a weight of physicality. In news reports, you might hear about 'sinkholes' appearing in cities due to groundwater depletion; these are almost always described as goudāl-hā-ye bozorg (large pits). The word is also used in archaeology to describe excavation units. In every context, from the most technical to the most casual, it remains a pillar of descriptive Persian.

Using گودال (Goudāl) correctly requires understanding its grammatical behavior as a common noun. It follows standard Persian rules for pluralization, usually becoming goudāl-hā (گودال‌ها), and it often takes the Ezafe construction when described by adjectives or when possessing something. For example, 'the deep pit' becomes goudāl-e amigh (گودالِ عمیق). Let's explore the various ways this word integrates into sentence structures across different levels of complexity.

Simple Descriptive Sentences
At the basic level, we use goudāl to identify objects. 'این یک گودال است' (This is a pit). To make it more natural, we add adjectives: 'گودال بسیار خطرناک است' (The pit is very dangerous). Notice how the word acts as the subject of the sentence, setting the scene for a warning or an observation. It is frequently paired with the verb kandan (کندن), which means 'to dig.'
Action-Oriented Sentences
When talking about actions involving a pit, we use verbs like oftādan (to fall), por kardan (to fill), or ijād kardan (to create). 'کارگران گودال را با خاک پر کردند' (The workers filled the pit with soil). Here, goudāl is the direct object, marked by the 'rā' (را) particle. This is a common structure in reports about road repairs or construction progress.

مراقب باش! جلوی پای تو یک گودال است.
(Be careful! There is a pit in front of your feet.)

In more advanced contexts, the word can appear in passive constructions or as part of complex clauses. For example, 'گودالی که توسط باران ایجاد شده بود، تمام مسیر را مسدود کرد' (The pit that had been created by the rain blocked the entire path). This shows how the word can be the head of a relative clause, adding detail to a narrative. It is also used in scientific writing to describe craters on the moon or other celestial bodies, often termed goudāl-hā-ye mahsā (lunar craters).

آن‌ها برای ساختن استخر، یک گودال بزرگ در باغ کندند.
(They dug a large pit in the garden to build a pool.)

Finally, consider the use of prepositions. We fall into a pit (در گودال افتادن) and we jump over a pit (از روی گودال پریدن). These spatial relationships are vital for fluency. Whether you are describing a small puddle or a massive geological depression, the word goudāl remains the most accurate and commonly used term in the Persian language for any hollowed-out space.

The word گودال (Goudāl) is remarkably common in various spheres of Iranian life. If you are living in an Iranian city, you will most likely hear it in the context of urban development and infrastructure. Tehran, like many rapidly growing metropolises, is often under construction. You will see signs warning pedestrians about goudāl-hā-ye amigh (deep pits) near building sites. Taxi drivers might complain about the goudāl on a specific street that damaged their car's suspension. It is a word rooted in the physical reality of the environment.

In the News and Media
Environmental reporting frequently uses this term. When discussing soil erosion or the drying up of lakes, journalists describe the resulting dry, hollowed-out land as goudāl. Similarly, in crime reports, if a body or stolen goods are found buried in a pit, the word goudāl is used to describe the makeshift grave or hiding spot. It provides a vivid image of a hidden or sunken space.
In Literature and Cinema
Iranian cinema, known for its realism and symbolism, often uses the image of a pit to represent social or psychological states. A character might be seen sitting by a goudāl, contemplating their life, or trying to fill one up as a metaphor for resolving a conflict. In classic Persian poetry, the 'pit' can symbolize the world's traps or the 'pit of the chin' (a dimple), though the latter uses a more specific term like chāh-e zanakh.

اخبار گفت که یک گودال بزرگ ناگهان در وسط خیابان ظاهر شد.
(The news said a large sinkhole suddenly appeared in the middle of the street.)

In rural areas, farmers use the word when discussing irrigation or livestock. A goudāl might be used to collect rainwater for sheep or to compost organic waste. Children playing in the dirt or at the beach will constantly use the word as they dig. It is also found in educational settings; a geography teacher will use it to explain valleys or depressions in the earth's crust. It is a word that spans all ages and social classes.

باستان‌شناسان در این گودال کوزه‌های قدیمی پیدا کردند.
(Archaeologists found old jars in this pit.)

Finally, in sports, particularly in traditional athletics, the word goud is a central term. The 'Goud-e Zurkhaneh' is the sacred pit where athletes perform. While linguistically slightly different in usage, the hearing of 'goud' in a cultural context will immediately bring to mind the physical structure of a goudāl. It is a word that resonates with the physical earth of Iran.

While گودال (Goudāl) is a relatively straightforward noun, English speakers often make specific errors when translating the concept of 'hole' into Persian. The most frequent mistake is over-relying on the word surākh (سوراخ). In English, 'hole' is a catch-all term, but in Persian, the distinction between a 'puncture/opening' and a 'pit/depression' is vital for sounding natural.

Goudāl vs. Surākh
If you have a hole in your sock, you should use surākh. If you use goudāl, it would sound like you have a massive, deep excavation in your clothing, which is nonsensical. Use goudāl for things you can fall into or things that have volume and depth in the ground. Use surākh for small openings, punctures, or holes that go all the way through a thin object.
Goudāl vs. Chāh
Another common confusion is with chāh (چاه). A chāh is specifically a 'well'—usually man-made, very deep, and narrow, intended for reaching water or sewage. A goudāl is more general. If you fall into a random pit in a field, it's a goudāl. If you fall into a structure designed to hold water, it's a chāh. Confusing these can lead to misunderstandings about the nature of the hazard you're describing.

اشتباه: جوراب من یک گودال دارد.
(Incorrect: My sock has a pit. Correct: My sock has a hole - سوراخ.)

Another nuance involves the word hofre (حفره). This is often used in scientific or medical contexts (like a cavity in a tooth or a crater in space). While goudāl can be used for a crater, hofre sounds more formal and technical. Beginners often use goudāl in a medical context, which sounds quite strange to a native ear. You wouldn't say you have a goudāl in your tooth!

درست: زمین‌شناسان یک گودال عمیق پیدا کردند.
(Correct: Geologists found a deep pit.)

Finally, pay attention to the verb pairings. English speakers might say 'make a hole,' but in Persian, the more common and natural verb with goudāl is kandan (to dig) or ijād kardan (to create/cause). Saying 'dorost kardan' (to make) a goudāl sounds a bit childish or non-native, as if you are carefully 'manufacturing' a pit rather than digging it out of the earth.

To truly master the concept of 'holes' and 'pits' in Persian, you need to understand the spectrum of synonyms and related terms. گودال (Goudāl) is the middle-of-the-road, most common term, but depending on the size, purpose, and context, other words might be more appropriate. Let's break down the comparisons to help you choose the right word every time.

Goudāl vs. Darre (دره)
While goudāl is a pit or a hollow, a darre is a 'valley.' The difference is primarily scale. A goudāl is something you might see in a field or a road, whereas a darre is a massive geographical feature between mountains. However, a very large, naturally occurring depression in a landscape might be described as a goudāl-e bozorg if it doesn't quite meet the definition of a valley.
Goudāl vs. Khandaq (خندق)
A khandaq is a 'ditch' or a 'moat.' This word implies a specific shape—usually long and narrow—and often a specific purpose, such as defense or drainage. While you could call a ditch a goudāl, using khandaq is much more precise if the hole is linear. Historically, khandaq is a famous word in Islamic history due to the 'Battle of the Trench.'

باران شدید باعث شد گودال‌ها پر از آب شوند.
(Heavy rain caused the pits to fill with water.)

For more technical or literary contexts, you might encounter moghar (مقعر), which means 'concave.' This is an adjective rather than a noun, but it describes the shape of a goudāl. In poetry, you might see nāhiv or other archaic terms for depths, but goudāl remains the king of modern usage. Another interesting alternative is panāhgāh (shelter), which in a military context might be a 'foxhole'—specifically a sangara (trench/foxhole), which is a man-made goudāl for protection.

او از روی گودال پرید تا خیس نشود.
(He jumped over the puddle/pit so he wouldn't get wet.)

When choosing between these, consider the 'intent' and the 'shape.' If it's natural and messy, goudāl is your best bet. If it's engineered for a purpose, look for more specific terms like khandaq or chāh. Expanding your vocabulary in this way will make your Persian sound much more sophisticated and precise.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The word is related to 'Goud' (گود), which is used to describe the sunken central area of a Zurkhaneh. This reflects how the concept of a 'pit' was integrated into sacred architectural spaces in ancient Iran.

发音指南

UK /ɡuːˈdɒːl/
US /ɡuːˈdɒːl/
The stress is typically on the second syllable: gou-DĀL.
押韵词
مدال (Medāl - medal) نهال (Nahāl - sapling) سفال (Sofāl - pottery) شمال (Shomāl - north) کمال (Kamāl - perfection) جمال (Jamāl - beauty) خیال (Khiyāl - imagination) محال (Mahāl - impossible)
常见错误
  • Pronouncing 'ou' as 'ow' (like 'loud'). It should be 'oo'.
  • Softening the 'g' into a 'j' sound.
  • Swallowing the 'l' at the end.
  • Making the 'a' sound too short, like in 'cat'.
  • Adding an extra vowel at the end (e.g., 'goudali').

难度评级

阅读 2/5

Easy to recognize due to its distinct shape and common usage.

写作 3/5

Simple spelling, but learners must remember the 'vāv' after 'gāf'.

口语 2/5

Pronunciation is straightforward for English speakers.

听力 2/5

Clear consonants make it easy to hear in conversation.

接下来学什么

前置知识

زمین (Earth) بزرگ (Big) آب (Water) کندن (To dig) عمیق (Deep)

接下来学习

حفره (Cavity) چاه (Well) دره (Valley) تپه (Hill) فرسایش (Erosion)

高级

قعر (Depth/Abyss) ژرفا (Profundity/Depth) هبوط (Descent/Fall) انحطاط (Decline/Decadence) تراوش (Seepage)

需要掌握的语法

Ezafe Construction

گودالِ عمیق (The deep pit) - Connects noun and adjective.

Pluralization with -hā

گودال‌ها (Pits) - Standard plural for inanimate objects.

Indefinite 'i'

گودالی (A certain pit) - Adding 'i' to the end.

Compound Verbs with 'Kardan'

گود کردن (To make deep/hollow).

Prepositional Usage

در گودال (In the pit) - Using 'dar'.

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按水平分级的例句

1

این یک گودال است.

This is a pit.

Simple 'Subject + Noun + Verb' structure.

2

گودال کوچک است.

The pit is small.

Using a basic adjective.

3

من گودال را می‌بینم.

I see the pit.

Use of 'rā' for a specific object.

4

آب در گودال است.

Water is in the pit.

Prepositional phrase 'dar' (in).

5

آن گودال بزرگ است.

That pit is big.

Demonstrative pronoun 'ān' (that).

6

او یک گودال دید.

He saw a pit.

Simple past tense.

7

گودال کجاست؟

Where is the pit?

Interrogative 'kojāst'.

8

یک گودال اینجا بود.

A pit was here.

Past tense of 'to be'.

1

در جاده یک گودال عمیق وجود دارد.

There is a deep pit in the road.

Using 'vojud dārad' for existence.

2

بچه‌ها در ساحل گودال می‌کنند.

The children are digging a hole on the beach.

Present continuous sense with 'mikonand'.

3

ماشین در گودال افتاد.

The car fell into the pit.

Verb 'oftādan' (to fall).

4

ما باید این گودال را پر کنیم.

We must fill this pit.

Modal verb 'bāyad' (must).

5

سگ من در گودال پرید.

My dog jumped into the pit.

Preposition 'dar' used with movement.

6

گودال پر از آب باران است.

The pit is full of rainwater.

Adjective phrase 'por az' (full of).

7

آن‌ها یک گودال برای درخت کندند.

They dug a hole for the tree.

Preposition 'barāye' (for).

8

گودال‌های زیادی در این کوچه هست.

There are many pits in this alley.

Plural 'goudāl-hā'.

1

کارگران در حال کندن یک گودال بزرگ برای لوله‌های گاز هستند.

The workers are digging a large pit for the gas pipes.

Present continuous with 'dar hāl-e'.

2

اگر مراقب نباشی، ممکن است در گودال بیفتی.

If you are not careful, you might fall into the pit.

Conditional sentence Type 1.

3

بعد از طوفان، گودال‌های عمیقی در زمین ایجاد شد.

After the storm, deep pits were created in the ground.

Passive construction 'ijād shod'.

4

او سعی کرد از روی گودال بپرد اما پایش لیز خورد.

He tried to jump over the pit but his foot slipped.

Compound sentence with 'ammā'.

5

این گودال به دلیل نشست زمین به وجود آمده است.

This pit has come into existence due to land subsidence.

Present perfect 'be vojud āmade ast'.

6

ما برای پنهان کردن گنج، گودالی زیر درخت کندیم.

To hide the treasure, we dug a pit under the tree.

Infinitive of purpose 'barāye penhān kardan'.

7

عمق این گودال بیش از دو متر است.

The depth of this pit is more than two meters.

Noun 'omgh' (depth) in Ezafe.

8

چرا این گودال را هنوز پر نکرده‌اند؟

Why haven't they filled this pit yet?

Negative present perfect 'por nakarde-and'.

1

شهرداری قول داده است که تمام گودال‌های خیابان را تا هفته آینده آسفالت کند.

The municipality has promised to pave all the pits in the street by next week.

Complex sentence with object clause.

2

باستان‌شناسان در اعماق این گودال، بقایای یک تمدن قدیمی را یافتند.

Archaeologists found the remains of an ancient civilization in the depths of this pit.

Formal verb 'yāftan' (to find).

3

این گودال عظیم در اثر برخورد یک شهاب‌سنگ ایجاد شده است.

This massive pit was created as a result of a meteorite impact.

Causal phrase 'dar asar-e'.

4

او با سرمایه‌گذاری اشتباه، خود را در گودالی از بدهی انداخت.

With a wrong investment, he threw himself into a pit of debt.

Metaphorical usage of 'goudāl'.

5

حفاظت از اطراف گودال‌های ساختمانی برای جلوگیری از حوادث ضروری است.

Protecting the area around construction pits is essential to prevent accidents.

Gerund construction 'jolougiri az'.

6

آب باران در گودال جمع شده و منظره‌ای شبیه به یک دریاچه کوچک ایجاد کرده بود.

Rainwater had collected in the pit, creating a scene similar to a small lake.

Past perfect 'jam' shode bud'.

7

او تمام تلاش خود را کرد تا از گودال ناامیدی بیرون بیاید.

He made every effort to get out of the pit of despair.

Abstract noun 'nā-omidi' (despair).

8

عملیات گودال‌برداری برای ساخت مجتمع تجاری آغاز شده است.

Excavation operations for the construction of the commercial complex have begun.

Compound noun 'goudāl-bardāri'.

1

نویسنده در این رمان، فقر را به گودالی تشبیه کرده که خروج از آن غیرممکن می‌نماید.

In this novel, the author likens poverty to a pit from which escape seems impossible.

Literary verb 'tashbih kardan' (to liken).

2

فرسایش خاک در این منطقه منجر به پدید آمدن گودال‌های هولناکی شده است.

Soil erosion in this region has led to the emergence of terrifying pits.

Formal phrase 'monjar be padid āmadan'.

3

در مرکز زورخانه، گودالی وجود دارد که نماد فروتنی و تواضع پهلوانان است.

In the center of the Zurkhaneh, there is a pit that is a symbol of the athletes' humility and modesty.

Cultural terminology 'Zurkhaneh'.

4

سیاست‌های غلط اقتصادی، کشور را به سمت گودال رکود سوق داد.

Wrong economic policies drove the country toward the pit of recession.

Formal verb 'souf dādan' (to drive/push).

5

او با دقتی وسواس‌گونه، گودال‌های ایجاد شده در فرضیه‌اش را پر می‌کرد.

With obsessive precision, he filled the 'pits' (gaps) created in his hypothesis.

Metaphorical use in an academic context.

6

انفجار بمب، گودالی به قطر ده متر در میان میدان شهر ایجاد کرد.

The bomb explosion created a pit ten meters in diameter in the middle of the city square.

Technical description of dimensions.

7

تاریکی مطلق در انتهای گودال، وحشتی عجیب در دل کوهنوردان انداخت.

The absolute darkness at the bottom of the pit struck a strange terror into the hearts of the climbers.

Poetic subject-verb agreement.

8

بررسی لایه‌های رسوبی در این گودال، تاریخچه‌ی اقلیمی منطقه را روشن می‌سازد.

Examining the sedimentary layers in this pit clarifies the climatic history of the region.

Formal verb 'roushan misāzad' (clarifies).

1

واکاوی پدیده‌ی گودال‌مرگی در تمدن‌های باستان، نیازمند شواهد باستان‌شناختی متقن است.

Analyzing the phenomenon of 'pit-death' (mass burial pits) in ancient civilizations requires solid archaeological evidence.

Academic term 'vākāvi' (analysis).

2

استعاره‌ی گودال در اشعار عطار، نشان‌دهنده‌ی مراتب نفس و دشواری‌های سلوک است.

The metaphor of the pit in Attar's poems represents the levels of the soul and the difficulties of the spiritual path.

Literary criticism terminology.

3

فروچاله یا همان گودال‌های ناگهانی، نتیجه‌ی مستقیم سوءمدیریت منابع آب زیرزمینی است.

Sinkholes, or these sudden pits, are the direct result of mismanagement of underground water resources.

Technical synonym 'forouchāle'.

4

او در نوشته‌هایش، ذهن انسان را به گودالی بی‌انتها تشبیه می‌کند که خاطرات در آن غرق می‌شوند.

In his writings, he likens the human mind to an infinite pit where memories are drowned.

Complex philosophical comparison.

5

گودال‌های ناشی از استخراج غیرقانونی معدن، اکوسیستم منطقه را به کلی نابود کرده است.

Pits resulting from illegal mining have completely destroyed the region's ecosystem.

Environmental law context.

6

در دیالکتیک قدرت، هر گودالی که برای رقیب کنده شود، دامی برای خود حاکم خواهد بود.

In the dialectic of power, every pit dug for a rival will be a trap for the ruler himself.

Political philosophy context.

7

ژرفای گودال‌های اقیانوسی هنوز هم یکی از بزرگترین رازهای کشف‌نشده‌ی بشریت است.

The depth of oceanic trenches (pits) is still one of humanity's greatest undiscovered mysteries.

Superlative construction 'bozorgtarin rāz-hā'.

8

تطبیق معنایی واژه‌ی گودال در زبان‌های هندواروپایی، پیوندهای دیرینه‌ی فرهنگی را آشکار می‌کند.

The semantic mapping of the word 'goudal' in Indo-European languages reveals ancient cultural links.

Linguistic analysis terminology.

常见搭配

گودال عمیق
کندن گودال
گودال آب
پر کردن گودال
گودال بزرگ
گودال ساختمانی
گودال باغچه
گودال مرگ
گودال عریض
گودال ماسه‌ای

常用短语

گودال کندن برای کسی

— To set a trap for someone. Literally 'to dig a pit for someone'.

او داشت برای رقیبش گودال می‌کند.

در گودال افتادن

— To fall into a pit or a trap.

مراقب باش در گودال مشکلات نیفتی.

گودال بی‌انتها

— A bottomless pit; used for endless needs or problems.

هزینه‌های این ماشین مثل یک گودال بی‌انتهاست.

لبه گودال

— The edge of the pit; being on the brink of something.

او در لبه گودال ورشکستگی بود.

گودال‌های جاده

— Potholes in the road.

گودال‌های جاده به ماشین آسیب زد.

از چاله به چاه افتادن

— To go from the frying pan into the fire (similar concept to goudal).

کارش را عوض کرد اما از چاله به چاه افتاد.

گودال تاریک

— A dark pit; used for mystery or fear.

او از گودال‌های تاریک می‌ترسد.

عمق گودال

— The depth of the pit.

عمق گودال را اندازه گرفتند.

گودال شنی

— A sand pit.

گودال شنی محل بازی بچه‌هاست.

گودال لجن

— A mud pit or a 'slough of despond'.

کفشش در گودال لجن گیر کرد.

容易混淆的词

گودال vs سوراخ (Surākh)

English 'hole'. Surākh is for punctures or small openings; Goudāl is for pits.

گودال vs چاه (Chāh)

English 'well'. Chāh is man-made, deep, and narrow for water; Goudāl is a general pit.

گودال vs دره (Darre)

English 'valley'. Darre is a massive geographical feature; Goudāl is smaller.

习语与表达

"خود را در گودال انداختن"

— To get oneself into a difficult or dangerous situation intentionally or through negligence.

با این وام سنگین، خودت را در گودال انداختی.

Informal
"گودال کندن"

— To plot against someone.

همکارش داشت برای او گودال می‌کند تا اخراج شود.

Informal
"پای کسی لب گودال بودن"

— To be very old or near death (similar to 'one foot in the grave').

پیرمرد بیچاره پایش لب گودال است.

Colloquial
"گودال ناامیدی"

— The pit of despair.

او در گودال ناامیدی غرق شده بود.

Literary
"وارد گود شدن"

— To enter the arena; to start participating in a difficult task.

حالا وقت آن است که خودت وارد گود شوی.

Common
"گودال آتش"

— A pit of fire; hell or a very dangerous place.

آن منطقه برای سربازان مثل گودال آتش بود.

Literary
"گودال فساد"

— A pit of corruption.

آن سازمان به یک گودال فساد تبدیل شده است.

Formal
"گودال فراموشی"

— The pit of oblivion/forgetfulness.

نام او در گودال فراموشی تاریخ گم شد.

Poetic
"از گودال بیرون آمدن"

— To recover from a low point or a disaster.

بالاخره توانست از گودال افسردگی بیرون بیاید.

General
"گودال وحشت"

— A pit of horror.

فیلم درباره یک گودال وحشت در جنگل بود.

Common

容易混淆

گودال vs چاله

Both mean 'hole' or 'pit'.

Chāle is usually smaller and more informal (like a pothole). Goudāl is more general and can be very large.

جاده پر از چاله است.

گودال vs حفره

Both mean 'cavity'.

Hofre is technical or scientific. You have a 'hofre' in your tooth, not a 'goudāl'.

حفره‌ای در قلب او بود.

گودال vs خندق

Both involve digging.

Khandaq is a trench or moat with a specific linear shape and purpose.

سربازان در خندق پناه گرفتند.

گودال vs شکاف

Both are openings in a surface.

Shekāf is a crack or split. A goudāl has volume and depth.

شکافی در دیوار خانه است.

گودال vs گود

They share the same root.

Goud is usually an adjective (deep) or refers to the specific wrestling pit.

این استخر خیلی گود است.

句型

A1

[Noun] [Adjective] [Verb].

گودال بزرگ است.

A2

در [Place] یک [Noun] هست.

در زمین یک گودال هست.

B1

[Subject] یک [Noun] [Verb].

علی یک گودال کند.

B2

[Noun] به دلیل [Reason] ایجاد شد.

گودال به دلیل باران ایجاد شد.

C1

[Noun] نمادی از [Concept] است.

گودال نمادی از ناامیدی است.

C2

[Complex Clause]، گودال [Verb].

با وجود تلاش‌ها، گودال عمیق‌تر شد.

A2

مراقب [Noun] باش.

مراقب گودال باش.

B1

داخل [Noun] [Verb].

داخل گودال افتاد.

词族

名词

گودی (Goudi - depth/hollow)
گودال‌برداری (Goudāl-bardāri - excavation)
گودبرداری (Goud-bardāri - digging/excavation)

动词

گود کردن (Goud kardan - to hollow out/deepen)

形容词

گود (Goud - deep/sunken)
گودال‌مانند (Goudāl-mānand - pit-like)

相关

چاله
حفره
زمین
خاک
عمق
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如何使用

frequency

Very high in daily life and news.

常见错误
  • Using 'goudāl' for a hole in a wall. → سوراخ (surākh)

    A hole in a wall or a piece of paper is a 'surākh'. 'Goudāl' is for pits in the ground.

  • Saying 'goudāl dorost kardan' for digging. → گودال کندن (goudāl kandan)

    In Persian, we 'dig' (kandan) a pit, we don't 'make' (dorost kardan) it.

  • Forgetting the Ezafe in 'goudāl bozorg'. → گودالِ بزرگ (goudāl-e bozorg)

    Adjectives must be connected to nouns with the Ezafe 'e' sound.

  • Confusing 'goudāl' with 'darre' (valley). → گودال (pit)

    A 'goudāl' is much smaller than a 'darre'. Use it for pits, not entire valleys.

  • Using 'goudāl' for a medical cavity. → حفره (hofre)

    For teeth or organs, use the technical term 'hofre'.

小贴士

Size Matters

Use 'goudāl' for anything larger than a bucket. For smaller holes, 'surākh' or 'chāle' is better. This helps you sound more like a native speaker who understands scale.

The Ezafe Connection

Don't forget the 'e' sound (Ezafe) when adding an adjective. It's 'goudāl-e amigh', not 'goudāl amigh'. This is the most common mistake for beginners.

Metaphorical Pits

Try using 'goudāl' to describe a difficult situation in your journal. For example, 'گودال مشکلات' (pit of problems). It adds flavor to your writing.

The 'Ou' Sound

The 'ou' in 'goudāl' is like the 'ou' in 'soup'. Keep it long and clear. Avoid making it sound like 'ow' as in 'now'.

The Zurkhaneh Link

Remember the word 'Goud' from traditional wrestling to help you remember 'Goudāl'. Both imply a sunken, important space.

Warning Others

If you see a hazard, shout 'Goudāl!'. It's a quick and effective way to warn someone about a pit or hole ahead.

Pluralizing

When talking about many holes in the road, use 'goudāl-hā'. It's a simple '-hā' suffix that works for all inanimate nouns.

Rainy Days

On a rainy day in Iran, listen for the word 'goudāl' as people navigate puddles. It's the best time to hear it used naturally.

Goudāl vs. Darre

A 'goudāl' is a pit; a 'darre' is a valley. Don't call a mountain valley a 'goudāl' unless you want to sound like a giant!

Root Word

Learn the adjective 'goud' (deep/sunken) alongside 'goudāl'. It will help you understand a whole family of related Persian words.

记住它

记忆技巧

Imagine a 'GOOey' 'DOLL' falling into a deep 'GOUDĀL'. The 'Goo' and 'Doll' help you remember the sound 'Gou-dāl'.

视觉联想

Visualize a giant shovel digging a deep, dark pit in the middle of a golden desert. The contrast between the yellow sand and the dark 'goudāl' helps the word stick.

Word Web

Earth Depth Digging Puddle Construction Trap Crater Ditch

挑战

Try to find three different things in your neighborhood that could be called a 'goudāl' and describe them in Persian using the word 'amigh' (deep) or 'bozorg' (big).

词源

The word 'گودال' (Goudāl) is derived from the Middle Persian 'gōd' or 'gōt', which means deep or a hollow. It shares a common Indo-European root with the English word 'cave' or 'hollow' in some linguistic theories, though the direct path is through the Iranian branch.

原始含义： Originally, it referred to any natural depression in the earth, specifically those that were wide enough to be noticed as a change in terrain.

Indo-European -> Indo-Iranian -> Iranian -> Persian.

文化背景

No specific sensitivities, but avoid using it to describe people's physical features (like deep-set eyes) unless you want to sound very clinical or slightly rude; use 'goud-rafte' instead.

In English, we use 'pothole' for roads and 'pit' for construction. In Persian, 'goudal' covers both, but 'chale' is more common for small potholes.

The 'Goud-e Zurkhaneh' in traditional Iranian sports. The 'Goudal-e Qatlgah' (Pit of the Place of Killing) in religious narratives of Karbala. Modern Persian poems by Forough Farrokhzad often use imagery of depths and pits.

在生活中练习

真实语境

Road Safety

  • گودال‌های خطرناک جاده
  • تصادف به دلیل گودال
  • تعمیر گودال‌های خیابان
  • مراقب گودال باش

Construction

  • گودال پی ساختمان
  • ماشین گودال‌برداری
  • عمق گودال حفاری
  • حفاظت از لبه گودال

Nature/Gardening

  • گودال برای کاشت درخت
  • گودال آب باران
  • کندن گودال در خاک
  • گودال‌های طبیعی

Children's Play

  • بازی در گودال ماسه
  • ساختن گودال در ساحل
  • پریدن از روی گودال
  • گودال کوچک برای تیله

Metaphorical/Problems

  • گودال بدهی
  • گودال ناامیدی
  • در گودال مشکلات افتادن
  • بیرون آمدن از گودال

对话开场白

"آیا تا به حال در خیابان در یک گودال افتاده‌اید؟ (Have you ever fallen into a pit in the street?)"

"به نظر شما چرا شهرداری گودال‌های جاده را پر نمی‌کند؟ (Why do you think the municipality doesn't fill the road pits?)"

"در کودکی دوست داشتید در ساحل گودال بکنید؟ (Did you like digging holes on the beach as a child?)"

"اگر یک گودال بزرگ جلوی خانه‌تان ببینید، چه کار می‌کنید؟ (What would you do if you saw a large pit in front of your house?)"

"آیا گودال می‌تواند محلی برای پیدا کردن گنج باشد؟ (Can a pit be a place to find treasure?)"

日记主题

درباره زمانی بنویسید که در یک گودال (فیزیکی یا مجازی) افتادید و چگونه از آن خارج شدید. (Write about a time you fell into a pit and how you got out.)

توصیف کنید که یک گودال ساختمانی بزرگ از نزدیک چگونه به نظر می‌رسد. (Describe what a large construction pit looks like from up close.)

یک داستان کوتاه درباره گودالی بنویسید که به دنیای دیگری راه دارد. (Write a short story about a pit that leads to another world.)

چرا در فرهنگ ما، 'گودال' گاهی نماد فروتنی است؟ (Why is 'pit' sometimes a symbol of humility in our culture?)

خطرات گودال‌های رها شده در شهر را بررسی کنید. (Examine the dangers of abandoned pits in the city.)

常见问题

10 个问题

No, you should use 'سوراخ' (surākh). 'Goudāl' implies a pit or depression in a surface like the ground. Using it for clothes would sound like there is a huge, deep crater in your shirt!

It is neutral. It is used in newspapers, books, and daily conversation. However, for very small road holes, 'chāle' is more common in informal speech.

The most common verbs are 'کندن' (kandan - to dig), 'پر کردن' (por kardan - to fill), and 'افتادن' (oftādan - to fall).

You can say 'گودالِ جاده' or more commonly 'چاله'. If it's a very big one, 'گودال' is perfect.

Yes, it is 'گودال‌ها' (goudāl-hā). You might also hear 'گودالاتی' in very old or pseudo-Arabic styles, but that is extremely rare.

Yes, 'گودالِ آب' is the standard way to describe a puddle that has formed in a depression in the ground.

A 'chāh' is a well, usually deep, narrow, and man-made. A 'goudāl' is a general pit or hollow that can be natural or man-made and is usually wider.

Yes, like 'گودال کندن برای کسی' which means to plot against someone or set a trap for them.

Yes, 'گودال‌های ماه' (goudāl-hā-ye māh) is commonly used, though 'دهانه' (dahāne) is also used for craters.

No, Persian nouns do not have grammatical gender.

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自我测试 200 个问题

writing

Describe a construction site using the word 'گودال'. (Min 20 words)

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write a warning sign for a deep pit in the road.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Explain the difference between 'گودال' and 'چاه' in Persian.

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write a short story about a child digging a hole at the beach.

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Use 'گودال' in a metaphorical sentence about a problem.

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writing

Describe what happens to a road after a heavy rain using 'گودال'.

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write five adjectives that can describe a 'گودال'.

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

How would you tell a worker to fill a hole? Write the command.

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Describe a lunar crater in Persian.

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write a sentence using 'گودال' and 'باستان‌شناس'.

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Translate: 'The car's wheel got stuck in a deep pit.'

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Describe the 'Goud' of a Zurkhaneh.

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write a poem line about a 'dark pit'.

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

List three verbs often used with 'گودال'.

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writing

Describe a 'sinkhole' appearing in a city.

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write a sentence about jumping over a puddle.

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Translate: 'They dug a pit to plant a walnut tree.'

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

What is the cultural significance of the 'Goud' in Iran?

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writing

Write a sentence about a 'pit of despair'.

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Describe the feeling of falling into a pit.

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Pronounce the word 'گودال' correctly.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Tell a friend to be careful of a pit in the road.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Describe a time you saw a big hole in the ground.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Explain why construction pits are dangerous.

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speaking

Talk about the 'Goud' in Iranian sports for 1 minute.

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speaking

Use 'گودال' in a sentence with 'باران'.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Say 'The workers are filling the pit' in Persian.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Describe a lunar landscape using 'گودال'.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Tell a short joke or story involving a pit.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

How would you complain to the city about potholes?

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Pronounce the plural 'گودال‌ها'.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Use 'گودال' and 'عمیق' in a sentence.

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speaking

Discuss the metaphorical 'pit of despair'.

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speaking

Explain the difference between 'goudāl' and 'surākh'.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Describe digging a hole for a tree.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Say 'I jumped over the pit' in Persian.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Talk about an archaeological dig you saw on TV.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Use the idiom 'گودال کندن برای کسی' in a sentence.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Describe the bottom of a dark pit.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Give a speech about environmental erosion and pits.

Read this aloud:

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listening

Listen to the sentence: 'او در گودال افتاد.' What happened?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
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listening

Listen: 'گودال عمیق است.' Is the pit shallow?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen: 'کارگران گودال را پر کردند.' Did they dig or fill?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen: 'مراقب گودال جاده باش.' Where is the pit?

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listening

Listen: 'بچه‌ها گودال می‌کنند.' Who is digging?

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listening

Listen: 'عمق گودال زیاد بود.' Was the pit deep?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen: 'گودال پر از آب شد.' What happened after rain?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen: 'او از روی گودال پرید.' Did he fall in?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen: 'گودال ساختمانی حصار دارد.' Is there a fence?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen: 'این یک گودال بدهی است.' Is it a physical pit?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen for the word 'گودال' in this news clip (Simulated).

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen: 'گود زورخانه مقدس است.' What is sacred?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen: 'پایش لب گودال است.' What does it mean?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen: 'گودال‌برداری شروع شد.' What started?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen: 'در این گودال گنج پیدا شد.' What was found?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：

/ 200 correct

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