گرد 30秒了解
- Key Persian word: گرد (gerd).
- Meaning: Round, circular, spherical.
- Usage: Describes shapes of objects, nature, etc.
- CEFR Level: A1.
The Persian word گرد (gerd) is an adjective that primarily means 'round' or 'circular'. It's a fundamental descriptive word used across various contexts to describe shapes.
- Core Meaning
- Describes something that has the shape of a circle or a sphere.
- Common Usage
- You'll hear 'گرد' used to describe everyday objects, geographical features, and even abstract concepts when they possess a circular or spherical quality.
A ball is گرد.
The moon is گرد.
The concept of 'roundness' is universal, and 'گرد' is the go-to Persian adjective for it. Whether you're describing a coin, a plate, a wheel, or even a round face, 'گرد' fits perfectly. It's a word you'll encounter frequently in daily conversations, shopping, and when discussing physical objects. Its simplicity and directness make it an essential part of beginner Persian vocabulary.
Consider the shape of a pizza, a clock face, or a donut – all these are typically described as 'گرد'. Even when referring to something that is not perfectly round but generally so, 'گرد' can be used. For instance, a slightly unevenly shaped stone might still be called 'گرد' if it's generally rounded. This flexibility makes it a very practical word.
The word's visual connection to circles and spheres makes it easy to memorize. Think of a wheel (چرخ - charkh), which is 'گرد', or a coin (سکه - sekkeh), which is also 'گرد'. These common objects serve as excellent anchors for remembering the meaning of 'گرد'.
In a culinary context, a round bread like 'نان' (naan) might be described as 'گرد'. In art, a circular pattern or motif would be 'گرد'. Even in abstract descriptions, if something is unified and complete, it can sometimes be metaphorically described as 'گرد', although this is less common at a basic level.
The word is used in a neutral register, meaning it's appropriate in almost any situation. You won't sound overly formal or informal by using 'گرد'. It's a versatile adjective that forms the backbone of describing shapes in Persian.
Using 'گرد' (gerd) in sentences is straightforward, especially for beginners. It typically follows the noun it describes and is often paired with the verb 'است' (ast - is/are) or its conjugated forms.
- Basic Sentence Structure
- Noun + گرد + است. (This is a common pattern for simple descriptions.)
- Describing Objects
- When you want to say something is round, you place 'گرد' after the noun. For example, 'A plate is round' becomes 'بشقاب گرد است' (Boshqab gerd ast).
- Describing Shapes in General
- 'گرد' can be used for anything with a circular or spherical form, from small items like buttons to large structures.
This table is گرد.
The coins are گرد.
You can also use 'گرد' in more complex sentences. For instance, to say 'I bought a round table', you would use the structure: 'من یک میز گرد خریدم' (Man yek miz gerd kharidam). Here, 'گرد' acts as an adjective directly preceding the noun 'میز' (miz - table) within the object phrase.
When asking a question, you can invert the structure slightly or use question words. 'Is the ball round?' would be 'توپ گرد است؟' (Toop gerd ast?).
Remember to adjust the verb 'است' (ast) for plural subjects. If you are talking about multiple round things, you use 'هستند' (hastand) or 'اند' (and). For example, 'The wheels are round' is 'چرخها گرد هستند' (Charkh-haa gerd hastand).
Consider using 'گرد' to describe geographical features. A circular lake could be 'دریاچه گرد' (Daryacheh gerd). Or, a round building might be described as 'ساختمان گرد' (Saakhtemaan gerd).
In spoken Persian, especially in informal settings, you might hear the verb 'است' omitted, but for learners, it's best to include it for clarity and grammatical correctness. The adjective 'گرد' is placed after the noun it modifies in most standard sentence constructions.
To practice, try describing various objects around you. Point to a clock and say 'ساعت گرد است' (Saat gerd ast). Look at a coin and say 'سکه گرد است' (Sekkeh gerd ast). This repetitive practice will solidify the usage of 'گرد' in your mind.
The word 'گرد' (gerd) is an everyday word in Persian, heard in countless common situations. Its ubiquity makes it a crucial vocabulary item for anyone learning the language.
- Everyday Objects
- You'll hear 'گرد' when people are describing common household items: a round plate (بشقاب گرد - boshqab gerd), a round table (میز گرد - miz gerd), a round clock (ساعت گرد - sa'at gerd), or a round button (دکمه گرد - dokme gerd).
- Food and Drink
- When ordering or describing food, 'گرد' might be used for round bread (نان گرد - naan gerd), a round pizza (پیتزا گرد - pizza gerd), or even a round cookie (کلوچه گرد - kuloocheh gerd).
- Shopping
- In markets or stores, customers might ask for a round mirror (آینه گرد - ayeneh gerd) or a round rug (قالی گرد - qali gerd).
- Transportation
- The wheels of a car or bicycle are 'گرد' (چرخ گرد - charkh gerd).
- Nature and Geography
- People might refer to a round island (جزیره گرد - jazireh gerd) or a circular park (پارک گرد - park gerd).
Look at that گرد coin!
The pizza is گرد and delicious.
In educational settings, teachers might use 'گرد' when teaching shapes to young children, pointing to a ball or a circle drawn on a board and saying 'این گرد است' (In gerd ast - This is round).
Even in more abstract discussions, though less common for beginners, 'گرد' can sometimes imply completeness or wholeness, but its primary and most frequent usage is strictly geometrical.
You will also hear it in descriptions of architecture, such as a round tower (برج گرد - borj gerd) or a circular courtyard (حیاط گرد - hayat gerd).
The word is so fundamental that it's part of the basic vocabulary taught in language courses from the very beginning. Its appearance in children's books, educational materials, and everyday media reinforces its importance.
While 'گرد' (gerd) is a simple word, learners can make a few common mistakes, mainly related to its placement and conjugation, or confusion with similar-sounding words.
- Incorrect Placement
- Mistake: Placing 'گرد' before the noun it describes in a standard descriptive sentence. For example, saying 'گرد میز' instead of 'میز گرد'.
- Forgetting the Verb 'است'
- Mistake: Omitting the verb 'است' (ast - is) in simple declarative sentences. While sometimes done informally, it's grammatically incomplete for learners. For example, saying 'بشقاب گرد' instead of 'بشقاب گرد است'.
- Plural Agreement (Less Common for 'گرد' itself, but for the verb)
- Mistake: Using 'است' for plural nouns instead of 'هستند' or 'اند'. For example, 'چرخها گرد است' instead of 'چرخها گرد هستند'.
- Pronunciation Issues
- Mistake: Mispronouncing the 'گ' (g) sound, which is a hard 'g' like in 'go', not a soft 'j' sound. Also, ensuring the 'ر' (r) is rolled or flapped correctly.
- Confusion with Similar Words
- Mistake: Confusing 'گرد' with words like 'گرد' (gerd) meaning 'dust' or 'around', or 'گرده' (gerdeh) meaning 'pollen' or 'round cake/pastry'. Context is key here.
Incorrect: گرد میز گرد است.
Correct: میز گرد است.
Incorrect: توپ گرد.
Correct: توپ گرد است.
To avoid confusion with the word 'گرد' meaning 'dust', listen carefully to the context. If someone is talking about cleaning, they might mean dust. If they are talking about shapes, they mean round. The pronunciation is identical, so context is your best guide.
Another common pitfall is treating 'گرد' as if it needs to agree in number or gender with the noun, like in some other languages. Persian adjectives, including 'گرد', are generally invariable. This is a simplification for learners!
Practice constructing sentences with various nouns and ensure 'گرد' is placed correctly after the noun and followed by 'است' or its appropriate conjugation. This consistent practice will help ingrain the correct structure.
While 'گرد' (gerd) is the most common and direct word for 'round', Persian has other words that can describe circularity or related concepts, often with nuances in meaning or usage.
- دایرهای (daayreh'i)
- Meaning: Circular (derived from 'دایره' - daayreh, meaning 'circle').
- Usage: This adjective is more precise for describing something that is specifically shaped like a geometric circle, emphasizing the outline. 'گرد' can refer to a circle or a sphere. For example, a 'حلقه دایرهای' (halqeh daayreh'i) specifically means a 'circular ring'.
- کرهای (koreh'i)
- Meaning: Spherical (derived from 'کره' - koreh, meaning 'sphere' or 'ball').
- Usage: This is used specifically for three-dimensional spherical objects. While a ball is 'گرد', it is also precisely 'کرهای'. So, 'توپ کرهای' (toop koreh'i) is a more specific description than just 'توپ گرد' (toop gerd).
- مدور (mowaddavar)
- Meaning: Round, circular, revolving.
- Usage: This is a more formal or literary word for 'round'. It can also imply rotation or being circular in movement. For instance, 'چرخش مدور' (char-khesh-e mowaddavar) means 'circular rotation'. It's less common in everyday speech than 'گرد'.
- گردش (gerdesh) - Noun
- Meaning: Rotation, circulation, tour.
- Usage: This is a noun related to the concept of going around, but it's not an adjective describing shape. For example, 'گردش خون' (gerdesh-e khoon) means 'blood circulation'.
The Earth is گرد and orbits the sun.
This is a spherical planet.
When talking about a flat, two-dimensional shape like a circle drawn on paper, 'دایرهای' might be slightly more precise than 'گرد', although 'گرد' is still perfectly understood. For example, 'یک دایره گرد' (yek daayreh gerd) is common, but 'یک دایره دایرهای' (yek daayreh daayreh'i) is redundant. You'd say 'شکل دایرهای' (shekl-e daayreh'i) for 'circular shape'.
In summary, 'گرد' covers both circular and spherical shapes in general. If you need to be very specific about a sphere, use 'کرهای'. If you're emphasizing a perfect geometric circle, 'دایرهای' is an option, though 'گرد' often suffices. 'مدور' is for more formal or literary contexts.
How Formal Is It?
趣味小知识
The Persian noun 'گرد' (gerd) meaning 'dust' shares the same spelling and pronunciation, leading to potential confusion. Context is crucial to differentiate between 'round' and 'dust'. Both likely stem from ancient roots related to particles or small things.
发音指南
- Pronouncing 'گ' as 'j' (like in 'jam').
- Pronouncing 'e' as a long 'ee' sound (like in 'see').
- Not rolling or flapping the 'r' sound.
- Confusing the adjective 'گرد' (round) with the noun 'گرد' (dust).
难度评级
The word 'گرد' is very common in written Persian, appearing in basic texts, children's books, and everyday articles. Its simple meaning makes it easy to comprehend in context.
接下来学什么
前置知识
接下来学习
高级
需要掌握的语法
Adjective Placement in Persian
In Persian, adjectives typically follow the noun they modify. For example, 'میز گرد' (miz gerd) means 'round table'.
The Verb 'بودن' (to be)
The present tense form 'است' (ast) is used for 'is' and 'هستند' (hastand) for 'are'. These are crucial for descriptive sentences like 'توپ گرد است'.
Invariable Adjectives
Persian adjectives like 'گرد' do not change form based on the gender or number of the noun. 'توپ گرد' (ball round) and 'توپها گرد' (balls round).
Using 'این' and 'آن'
'این' (in) means 'this' and 'آن' (aan) means 'that'. They precede the noun: 'این میز گرد' (this round table).
Question Formation
Questions can be formed by intonation or by adding question words. For a yes/no question, simply use rising intonation: 'میز گرد است؟' (Is the table round?).
按水平分级的例句
توپ گرد است.
The ball is round.
'گرد' is an adjective describing the noun 'توپ' (ball). 'است' is the verb 'is'.
این بشقاب گرد است.
This plate is round.
'این' (this) precedes the noun it refers to.
ساعت گرد است.
The clock is round.
Common objects like clocks are often described as 'گرد'.
ماه گرد است.
The moon is round.
Used for celestial bodies when referring to their apparent shape.
میز گرد است.
The table is round.
'گرد' follows the noun 'میز' (table).
نان گرد است.
The bread is round.
Describes common food items.
چرخ گرد است.
The wheel is round.
Essential for describing vehicle parts.
سکه گرد است.
The coin is round.
Commonly used for currency.
این اتاق گرد است.
This room is round.
Used for architectural shapes.
آن دایره گرد است.
That circle is round.
'گرد' can describe a geometric shape itself.
کلاه گرد است.
The hat is round.
Describes accessories.
آن توپ گرد است؟
Is that ball round?
Forming questions with 'گرد'.
بشقابهای ما گرد هستند.
Our plates are round.
Use 'هستند' (hastand) for plural nouns.
این سکهها گرد هستند.
These coins are round.
Plural agreement for 'است'.
میوهها گرد هستند.
The fruits are round.
General description of multiple items.
یک نقشه گرد میخواهم.
I want a round map.
'گرد' can precede the noun in certain constructions when emphasizing the quality.
در مرکز شهر یک میدان گرد بزرگ وجود دارد.
There is a large round square in the city center.
'وجود دارد' (vojud daarad) means 'there is/are'.
او یک قالیچه گرد برای اتاق نشیمن خرید.
He bought a round rug for the living room.
Adjectives often follow nouns in Persian, but can precede in specific emphasis or compound structures.
این چرخ دنده گرد به خوبی کار میکند.
This round gear works well.
'چرخ دنده' (charkh dande) means 'gear'.
آیا این شیشه گرد است؟
Is this bottle round?
Asking about the shape of a container.
آنها یک میز گرد برای شام آماده کردند.
They prepared a round table for dinner.
Common usage in describing furniture for events.
چشمهای او گرد و آبی بود.
Her eyes were round and blue.
Describing physical features.
ما به دنبال یک آینه گرد دیواری هستیم.
We are looking for a round wall mirror.
'دیواری' (divaari) means 'wall'.
این نان گرد خیلی خوشمزه است.
This round bread is very delicious.
Combining shape description with taste.
ساختار کروی این سیاره باعث میشود که شکل گردی داشته باشد.
The spherical structure of this planet causes it to have a round shape.
'کروی' (karavi) means 'spherical', 'داشته باشد' (daashteh baashad) means 'to have'.
هنرمند از یک قالب گرد برای ساختن گلدان استفاده کرد.
The artist used a round mold to make the vase.
'قالب' (qaaleb) means 'mold'.
به دلیل شکل گرد، باد به راحتی دور آن میچرخد.
Due to its round shape, the wind easily circulates around it.
'به دلیل' (be dalil) means 'due to', 'میچرخد' (mi-char-khadap) means 'circulates/rotates'.
مقاله علمی به بررسی شکل گرد کهکشان راه شیری پرداخت.
The scientific article discussed the round shape of the Milky Way galaxy.
'کهکشان' (kahkeshaan) means 'galaxy', 'پرداخت' (par-daakht) means 'addressed/discussed'.
تراشکاری دقیق، لبههای گرد این سنگ را نمایان کرد.
Precise carving revealed the round edges of this stone.
'تراشکاری' (taraash-kaari) means 'carving', 'نمایان کرد' (namaayaan kard) means 'revealed'.
او به دنبال یک گنبد گرد برای بالای ساختمان بود.
He was looking for a round dome for the top of the building.
'گنبد' (gombad) means 'dome'.
طراحی مدور این باغ حس آرامش را القا میکند.
The circular design of this garden evokes a sense of peace.
'مدور' (mowaddavar) is a more formal synonym for 'گرد'.
چرخش گرد این چرخ فلک هیجانانگیز بود.
The round rotation of this Ferris wheel was exciting.
'چرخ فلک' (charkh-e falak) means 'Ferris wheel'.
به دلیل تقارن هندسی، دایره همیشه به عنوان نمادی از وحدت و کمال تلقی میشود.
Due to geometric symmetry, the circle is always considered a symbol of unity and perfection.
'تقارن هندسی' (taqaaron-e hendesi) means 'geometric symmetry', 'نمادی از' (namaadi az) means 'a symbol of'.
فرایند تولید این قطعه نیازمند دقت در ایجاد سطوح گرد و صیقلی است.
The production process of this part requires precision in creating round and polished surfaces.
'فرایند تولید' (faraayand-e tolid) means 'production process', 'صیقلی' (sayqali) means 'polished'.
معماری بنا با الهام از اشکال گرد طبیعت، فضایی ارگانیک را خلق کرده است.
The architecture of the building, inspired by the round shapes of nature, has created an organic space.
'الهام از' (elhaam az) means 'inspired by', 'ارگانیک' (organik) means 'organic'.
دانشمندان در حال بررسی پدیدههای گردابی در اقیانوسها هستند.
Scientists are studying vortex phenomena in the oceans.
'گردابی' (gerdabi) means 'vortex-like', 'پدیدهها' (padideh-haa) means 'phenomena'.
نقش برجسته، تصویری از خدایان را با هالهای گرد به تصویر میکشد.
The bas-relief depicts an image of gods with a round halo.
'نقش برجسته' (naqsh-e barjasteh) means 'bas-relief', 'هاله' (haaleh) means 'halo'.
توزیع گرد یکنواخت مواد در سطح، برای عملکرد صحیح دستگاه حیاتی است.
A uniform, round distribution of materials on the surface is vital for the correct functioning of the device.
'توزیع یکنواخت' (tozi' -e yeknavaakht) means 'uniform distribution', 'حیاتی' (hayaati) means 'vital'.
تکنیکهای مدرن نجاری امکان خلق اشیاء گرد با جزئیات دقیق را فراهم کردهاند.
Modern carpentry techniques have made it possible to create round objects with precise details.
'نجاری' (najaari) means 'carpentry', 'فراهم کردهاند' (faraaham kardeh-and) means 'have made possible'.
این پدیده نوری، که به صورت حلقههای گرد ظاهر میشود، باعث شگفتی ناظران شده است.
This optical phenomenon, appearing as round rings, has amazed observers.
'پدیده نوری' (padideh-ye noori) means 'optical phenomenon', 'شگفتی' (shegefti) means 'amazement'.
تحلیلهای ژئوفیزیکی نشان میدهند که هسته زمین دارای شکلی تقریباً کروی است.
Geophysical analyses indicate that the Earth's core has an almost spherical shape.
'ژئوفیزیکی' (jiofiziki) means 'geophysical', 'هسته' (hast-eh) means 'core'.
در علم اپتیک، انکسار نور در سطوح گرد میتواند تصاویر متعددی را ایجاد کند.
In optics, the refraction of light on round surfaces can create multiple images.
'اپتیک' (optik) means 'optics', 'انکسار' (enkesaar) means 'refraction'.
فلسفه نوافلاطونی اغلب از نمادپردازی اشکال هندسی کامل، از جمله دایره گرد، بهره میبرد.
Neoplatonic philosophy often utilizes the symbolism of perfect geometric shapes, including the round circle.
'نوافلاطونی' (Neoplatoni) means 'Neoplatonic', 'نمادپردازی' (namaad-pardazi) means 'symbolism'.
مطالعات نشان دادهاند که ساختارهای سلولی گرد در برخی بافتهای خاص، کارایی بیشتری دارند.
Studies have shown that round cellular structures in certain specific tissues have greater efficiency.
'ساختارهای سلولی' (saakhtaar-haaye selooli) means 'cellular structures', 'کارایی' (kaaraayi) means 'efficiency'.
این پدیده کیهانی، که به صورت یک قرص گرد عظیم مشاهده میشود، هنوز به طور کامل درک نشده است.
This cosmic phenomenon, observed as a massive round disc, is not yet fully understood.
'کیهانی' (keyhaani) means 'cosmic', 'قرص' (qors) means 'disc'.
تکنیکهای میکروسکوپی پیشرفته، امکان مشاهده دقیق مولکولهای گرد را در مقیاس نانو فراهم کرده است.
Advanced microscopic techniques have enabled the precise observation of round molecules at the nanoscale.
'مقیاس نانو' (meqyaas-e naano) means 'nanoscale'.
ماهیت متغیر و گردابگون ابرها، الهامبخش بسیاری از آثار هنری انتزاعی بوده است.
The variable and vortex-like nature of clouds has inspired many abstract artworks.
'گردابگون' (gerdaab-goon) means 'vortex-like', 'انتزاعی' (entezaa'i) means 'abstract'.
تحلیل ساختار میکروسکوپی مواد نشان میدهد که ذرات گرد، توزیع بهتری از خواص فیزیکی را ارائه میدهند.
Analysis of the microscopic structure of materials shows that round particles offer a better distribution of physical properties.
'ذرات' (zarraat) means 'particles', 'خواص فیزیکی' (khavaas-e fiziki) means 'physical properties'.
常见搭配
常用短语
— It is round. This is the most basic way to describe something as round.
این توپ گرد است. (This ball is round.)
— Round shape. Used when referring to the general shape.
من شکل گرد را ترجیح میدهم. (I prefer the round shape.)
— Round table. A common piece of furniture.
دور میز گرد نشستیم. (We sat around the round table.)
— Round coin. Describes the shape of currency.
پولهای من سکههای گرد هستند. (My money is round coins.)
— Round sphere/ball. Can refer to the Earth or any spherical object.
زمین یک کره گرد است. (The Earth is a round sphere.)
— Wide eyes. Used metaphorically when someone is surprised.
از خبر چشمهایش گرد شد. (His eyes widened from the news.)
— A round circle. Emphasizes the circularity.
او یک دایره گرد روی تخته کشید. (He drew a round circle on the board.)
— Round wheel. Refers to the shape of wheels.
چرخهای این ماشین گرد هستند. (The wheels of this car are round.)
— A round bread. Describes the shape of bread.
مادرم امروز نانی گرد پخته است. (My mother baked a round bread today.)
容易混淆的词
This is the most common confusion. The noun 'گرد' means 'dust'. The adjective 'گرد' means 'round'. Both are pronounced identically. Context is key to differentiate: if someone is talking about cleaning, they likely mean dust; if they are describing shapes, they mean round.
This word means 'neck'. While the pronunciation is similar, the context will always make it clear. You wouldn't describe a neck as 'round' using this word; you'd use 'گرد' for the shape of the neck itself if it were round.
This means 'rotation', 'circulation', or 'tour'. It's a noun related to circular motion but not an adjective describing a static shape. For example, 'گردش خون' (blood circulation) uses 'گردش', not 'گرد'.
习语与表达
— To have one's eyes widen in surprise or shock. Literally 'eyes becoming round'.
وقتی قیمت را شنید، چشمهایش گرد شد.
Informal— To spin around the head; to be confused or overwhelmed. While not directly using 'گرد' as an adjective, it relates to circular motion.
بعد از آن حرفها، همه چیز دور سر من میچرخید.
Informal— To travel the world extensively; to go on a global tour. Literally 'to make the world round' by traversing it.
او آرزو دارد که دنیا را گرد کند.
Neutral— A round statement; a vague or evasive remark. It lacks clarity and precision, like a circle that has no beginning or end.
او همیشه حرف گرد میزند و منظورش را نمیفهمم.
Informal— Literally 'with a round neck'. This idiom is not standard and likely refers to a misinterpretation or a very obscure regionalism. The common idiom for surprise is 'چشم گرد شدن'.
This idiom is not commonly recognized.
Rare/Non-standard— Out of sight; secretly. Related to 'around' or 'circularly' in the sense of going around something.
او دور از چشم پدر و مادرش سیگار میکشید.
Neutral— Dust. Here 'گرد' is a noun meaning dust, not the adjective 'round'.
ماشین گرد و خاک زیادی بلند کرد.
Neutral— A difficult or complicated task. The 'گرد' here implies complexity, like a tangled knot.
این پروژه کار گردی است.
Informal— Indirect talk; gossip. Similar to 'حرف گرد', meaning evasive or not to the point.
به حرفهای دور گوش نکن.
Informal— To go around; to take a detour. Implies a circular or circuitous path.
برای رسیدن به آنجا باید یک دور بزنیم.
Neutral容易混淆
Identical spelling and pronunciation to the noun 'گرد' (dust).
The adjective 'گرد' describes a shape (round, circular, spherical). The noun 'گرد' refers to fine particles of dirt or powder. Context is the primary differentiator. For example, 'بشقاب گرد است' (The plate is round) vs. 'خانه گرد و خاک دارد' (The house has dust).
Learning to distinguish between 'گرد' (round) and 'گرد' (dust) is crucial for comprehension.
Both 'گرد' and 'دایرهای' relate to circles.
'گرد' is a general term for roundness, applicable to both 2D circles and 3D spheres. 'دایرهای' specifically means 'circular' and is often used for flat, 2D shapes like circles. For instance, a 'میز گرد' (round table) is common, but a 'شکل دایرهای' (circular shape) is more precise for a drawn circle.
While a 'توپ گرد' (round ball) is correct, calling it a 'توپ دایرهای' would be unusual as it's 3D.
Both 'گرد' and 'کرهای' describe roundness.
'گرد' is the general term for round, covering both circles and spheres. 'کرهای' specifically means 'spherical' and is used for 3D objects. A ball is 'گرد', but more specifically, it is 'کرهای'.
You can say 'توپ گرد است' (The ball is round), but 'توپ کرهای است' (The ball is spherical) is more precise for a 3D object.
It is a synonym for 'round' or 'circular'.
'مدور' is a more formal or literary term than 'گرد'. While 'گرد' is used in everyday speech for almost any round object, 'مدور' is often found in more sophisticated writing or speech, and can sometimes imply rotation or revolution.
In casual conversation, you'd say 'میز گرد', but in a formal description of cosmic movement, you might encounter 'حرکت مدور'.
Both words involve circularity or encompassing.
'گرد' is an adjective meaning 'round' or 'circular' as a shape. 'دور' can be a preposition meaning 'around', an adverb meaning 'far', or part of compound words related to circularity. For example, 'دور میز' (around the table) uses 'دور' as a preposition, while 'میز گرد' (round table) uses 'گرد' as an adjective.
You sit 'دور میز' (around the table), and the table itself is 'گرد' (round).
句型
Noun + گرد + است.
توپ گرد است.
این/آن + Noun + گرد + است.
این میز گرد است.
Noun + ها + گرد + هستند.
ساعتها گرد هستند.
آیا + Noun + گرد + است؟
آیا بشقاب گرد است؟
من/تو/او/ما/شما/آنها + یک + Noun + گرد + Verb.
من یک میز گرد خریدم.
در + Noun + یک + Noun + گرد + وجود دارد.
در اتاق یک میز گرد وجود دارد.
به دلیل + Noun + گرد، ...
به دلیل شکل گرد، باد به راحتی دور آن میچرخد.
Noun + گرد + که + Verb، ...
یک توپ گرد که قرمز است، خریدم.
词族
名词
动词
形容词
相关
如何使用
Very High
-
Placing 'گرد' before the noun.
→
میز گرد (miz gerd)
In Persian, adjectives typically follow the noun. So, 'میز گرد' means 'round table', not 'گرد میز'.
-
Forgetting the verb 'است' (ast).
→
توپ گرد است. (toop gerd ast.)
A simple descriptive sentence needs a verb. 'توپ گرد' is incomplete; 'توپ گرد است' (The ball is round) is grammatically correct.
-
Confusing 'گرد' (round) with 'گرد' (dust).
→
Contextual understanding is key. For example, 'بشقاب گرد است.' (The plate is round.) vs. 'خانه گرد و خاک دارد.' (The house has dust.)
Both words are spelled and pronounced the same. You must rely on the surrounding words and the overall topic of conversation to determine the intended meaning.
-
Using 'است' for plural nouns.
→
بشقابها گرد هستند. (boshqaab-haa gerd hastand.)
The verb 'است' (is) is singular. For plural nouns, use 'هستند' (hastand - are).
-
Using 'گرد' for a strictly spherical object when 'کرهای' is more precise.
→
توپ کرهای است. (toop koreh'i ast.)
While 'گرد' can mean round or spherical, 'کرهای' specifically means 'spherical' and is better for 3D objects like planets or balls if precision is desired.
小贴士
Master the 'G' Sound
The Persian 'گ' (g) in 'گرد' is a hard 'g', like in the English word 'go'. Avoid pronouncing it like the 'j' in 'jam'. Practice saying 'go', 'get', 'give' and then try 'گرد'.
Remember 'است'
In simple descriptive sentences, always include the verb 'است' (ast - is). Instead of just saying 'میز گرد', say 'میز گرد است' (The table is round) for correct grammar.
Visualize Round Objects
When you learn 'گرد', immediately picture round objects like balls, coins, or the moon. Associating the word with a strong visual image aids recall.
Describe Your Surroundings
Look around you and try to identify round objects. Say their names in Persian followed by 'گرد است'. For example, 'این بشقاب گرد است.' (This plate is round.)
Adjective Placement
In Persian, adjectives usually come *after* the noun. So, it's 'میز گرد' (table round), not 'گرد میز' (round table).
Distinguish 'گرد' from 'کرهای'
'گرد' is general for round (circle or sphere). 'کرهای' specifically means 'spherical' (3D). Use 'گرد' for a plate, and 'کرهای' for a planet.
Roundness in Culture
Round shapes often symbolize completeness and unity in Persian culture, seen in traditions and art. Recognizing this can add depth to your understanding.
Use in Questions
To ask if something is round, simply use rising intonation on a statement: 'این میز گرد است؟' (Is this table round?).
Know Your Synonyms
While 'گرد' is most common, be aware of 'دایرهای' (circular) and 'مدور' (formal/literary round) for more specific or elevated contexts.
记住它
记忆技巧
Imagine a 'G' shape (like a 'Gerd' initial) that is perfectly round, or picture a 'G' for 'Gerd' carved into a round stone.
视觉联想
Picture a perfectly round ball (توپ - toop) or a shiny, round coin (سکه - sekkeh). Visualize these objects and associate the Persian word 'گرد' with their shape.
Word Web
挑战
For the next 24 hours, try to identify and mentally label at least ten round objects you see using the word 'گرد'. For example, 'This clock is 'گرد'.' 'That plate is 'گرد'.'
词源
The word 'گرد' (gerd) as an adjective meaning 'round' originates from Middle Persian 'grd' or 'gurt'. This term itself is believed to have roots in Proto-Iranian. The concept of roundness is ancient and fundamental, reflected in many Indo-European languages.
原始含义： Likely related to the concept of 'turning' or 'encompassing'.
Indo-Iranian, specifically Persian.文化背景
The word 'گرد' itself is neutral and carries no negative connotations. Its usage is purely descriptive of shape.
In English, 'round' is also a very common adjective for shapes. The association with circles and spheres is universal.
在生活中练习
真实语境
Describing everyday objects
- بشقاب گرد
- میز گرد
- ساعت گرد
- توپ گرد
Nature and celestial bodies
- ماه گرد
- خورشید گرد (less common, usually 'گرد' implies shape)
- کره زمین گرد
Food and kitchenware
- نان گرد
- کلوچه گرد
- پیتزا گرد
Shapes in geometry and art
- شکل گرد
- دایره گرد
- طرح گرد
Transportation and mechanics
- چرخ گرد
- چرخ دنده گرد
对话开场白
"Could you describe the shape of that object for me?"
"What is your favorite round object and why?"
"Do you prefer round tables or square tables for dining?"
"When you think of the word 'round', what comes to your mind first?"
"Can you name three things in this room that are round?"
日记主题
Describe your favorite toy from childhood and its shape. Was it round?
Think about a time you were surprised. How did your eyes feel? Were they 'گرد'?
Imagine you are designing a new park. What kind of shapes would you use, and why?
Write about a food item that is typically round. What do you like about its shape?
Reflect on the symbolism of roundness in different cultures. What does it mean to you?
常见问题
10 个问题The primary meaning of 'گرد' is 'round', describing something that has the shape of a circle or a sphere. It's a very common adjective used to describe shapes.
Yes, 'گرد' is versatile and can be used for both two-dimensional circular shapes (like a plate or a drawing of a circle) and three-dimensional spherical shapes (like a ball or the Earth). If more specificity is needed for a sphere, 'کرهای' (spherical) can be used.
You say 'میز گرد' (miz gerd). 'میز' means table, and 'گرد' means round. The adjective follows the noun.
Yes. 'گرد' is an adjective meaning 'round'. 'دایره' (daayreh) is a noun meaning 'circle'. So, 'یک دایره' means 'a circle', and 'یک شکل گرد' means 'a round shape'.
'گرد' is an adjective and does not change for plural nouns. If you are describing multiple round things, you would say 'توپها گرد هستند' (The balls are round). The noun ('توپها') becomes plural, and the verb changes to 'هستند'.
Yes, you can describe a face as 'گرد' if it is round. For example, 'صورتش گرد است' (Her face is round).
'گرد' is the common, everyday word for 'round'. 'مدور' is a more formal or literary term that also means 'round' or 'circular', and can sometimes imply rotation. In most daily situations, 'گرد' is preferred.
It's pronounced /ɡɛrd/. The 'g' is hard like in 'go', the 'e' is short like in 'bed', and the 'r' is typically rolled or flapped.
Common mistakes include placing it before the noun ('گرد میز' instead of 'میز گرد'), forgetting the verb 'است' ('توپ گرد' instead of 'توپ گرد است'), and confusing it with the noun 'گرد' (dust).
Yes, one common idiom is 'چشم گرد شدن' (cheshm gerd shodan), meaning 'to have one's eyes widen in surprise'. Another is 'دنیا را گرد کردن' (donyā rā gerd kardan), meaning 'to travel the world'.
自我测试 10 个问题
/ 10 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
The Persian adjective 'گرد' (gerd) is essential for describing round or spherical shapes. It's a versatile word used for everything from balls and plates to the moon and abstract concepts of roundness, making it a high-frequency term for beginners.
- Key Persian word: گرد (gerd).
- Meaning: Round, circular, spherical.
- Usage: Describes shapes of objects, nature, etc.
- CEFR Level: A1.
Master the 'G' Sound
The Persian 'گ' (g) in 'گرد' is a hard 'g', like in the English word 'go'. Avoid pronouncing it like the 'j' in 'jam'. Practice saying 'go', 'get', 'give' and then try 'گرد'.
Remember 'است'
In simple descriptive sentences, always include the verb 'است' (ast - is). Instead of just saying 'میز گرد', say 'میز گرد است' (The table is round) for correct grammar.
Context is Key for 'گرد'
Be aware that 'گرد' can also mean 'dust'. Listen to the context. If someone is talking about cleaning, it's likely dust. If they are describing shapes, it's round.
Visualize Round Objects
When you learn 'گرد', immediately picture round objects like balls, coins, or the moon. Associating the word with a strong visual image aids recall.
例句
این میز گرد است.
相关内容
这个词在其他语言中
更多general词汇
عادتوار
C1As a matter of habit; habitually.
عادی
A1“عادی”这个词的意思是“正常”或“普通”。例如：“平凡的一天”(یک روز عادی)。
عافیت
B2康泰、平安、健康。常用于打喷嚏后的祝愿，类似于“保重”。
عاجل
B2紧急的；需要立即关注或行动的。例如：“紧急新闻”或“早日康复”。
عاقبت
C1结果，结局，或者是“终于”。 '他终于（عاقبت）成功了。'
عاقل
A1明智的，理智的。指有判断力、不感情用事的人。
عالمگیر
C1全世界的，普遍的。影响全球的事物。
عالی
A1“Aali”在波斯语中意为“极好的”或“优秀的”。
عام
B1“Am”这个词的意思是“普遍的”或“公共的”。
اعم از
B2包括；无论是...还是...（用于引入选项）。
