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خوردن

A1 verb #700 最常用 9分钟阅读

خوردن

khordan 前700

At the A1 level, 'خوردن' (Khordan) is primarily taught as the verb 'to eat.' Students learn to conjugate it in the present and simple past tenses to describe daily activities. You will use it to say things like 'I eat breakfast' (Man sobhāne mikhoram) or 'I ate an apple' (Man sib khordam). The focus is on basic survival and social interaction, such as ordering food or responding to a host's offer. At this stage, you should also learn that it can be used for drinking common beverages like tea or water in informal settings. The imperative 'Bokhor' (Eat!) is also a key word to recognize, as it is central to Persian hospitality. You don't need to worry about the idiomatic uses yet; just focus on the physical act of consumption and the basic SOV sentence structure.

At the A2 level, you begin to expand the use of 'خوردن' into more varied contexts. You will learn compound verbs like 'زمین خوردن' (zamin khordan - to fall down) and 'غذا خوردن' (ghazā khordan - to eat food/dine). You'll also start to see the verb used for 'hitting' or 'colliding' in simple sentences, such as 'The ball hit the window.' This is where the preposition 'be' (to) becomes important. You'll also learn the difference between 'Khordan' and the more formal 'Meyl kardan' (to eat/desire), which is essential for polite social interactions. You should be able to describe your meals in more detail and talk about simple accidents or physical impacts using this verb.

At the B1 level, you dive into the idiomatic world of 'خوردن.' You will encounter phrases like 'حرص خوردن' (hers khordan - to worry/be stressed) and 'غصه خوردن' (ghosse khordan - to grieve/be sad). You'll understand that 'Khordan' isn't just for the stomach, but for the mind and heart. You will also use it to describe things that 'fit' or 'match,' such as a key fitting a lock or a color matching someone's eyes. Your grammar should now include the present continuous ('dāram mikhoram') and the subjunctive ('be-khoram'). You'll start to recognize 'Khordan' in news reports, perhaps in the context of 'shakast khordan' (to be defeated) in sports or politics.

At the B2 level, you are expected to use 'خوردن' fluently in its many compound forms. You will understand the nuance of 'گول خوردن' (gool khordan - to be deceived) and 'فریب خوردن' (farib khordan - to be tricked). You'll also encounter more complex physical uses, like 'برخورد کردن' (bar-khord kardan - to collide/encounter), and understand how it differs from the simple 'khordan.' You can discuss abstract consumption, like 'pool khordan' (embezzlement) or 'hagh-khori' (injustice). Your ability to use 'Khordan' in various registers—from slang to formal—should be developing, allowing you to choose between 'khordan,' 'meyl kardan,' and 'tanāvol kardan' appropriately based on the social context.

At the C1 level, 'خوردن' appears in sophisticated literature and high-level discourse. You will explore its use in classical poetry where 'eating' can represent internalizing divine love or suffering. You'll master complex idioms like 'به درد خوردن' (be dard khordan - to be useful) and 'سرش به سنگ خورد' (his head hit a stone - he learned the hard way). You will be able to analyze the semantic range of the verb and how it reflects Persian cultural values regarding experience and internalization. You should also be comfortable with the passive forms and the causative variations if they appear in specialized texts. Your use of the verb will be indistinguishable from a native speaker in terms of idiomatic accuracy.

At the C2 level, you have a complete mastery of 'خوردن' and all its etymological and metaphorical branches. You can appreciate the subtle differences between 'khordan' and its synonyms in legal, medical, or philosophical texts. You might use it to describe the 'erosion' of materials (zang-khordegi - rusting) or the 'consumption' of time in a philosophical essay. You are familiar with rare and archaic compound verbs involving 'khordan' found in the Shahnameh or other classical works. You can play with the word's multiple meanings to create puns or sophisticated metaphors in your own writing and speaking, fully utilizing the verb's capacity to bridge the physical and the metaphysical.

开始练习例句笔记与提示

خوردن 30秒了解

Khordan is the basic Persian verb for 'to eat' and is used informally for 'to drink' as well.
It is a versatile verb that also means 'to hit' (with the preposition 'be') and 'to match' or 'fit'.
It forms many essential compound verbs like 'zamin khordan' (to fall) and 'gool khordan' (to be tricked).
The present stem is 'khor' and the past stem is 'khord', following regular conjugation patterns.

The Persian verb خوردن (Khordan) is one of the most versatile and essential words in the Persian language. At its most basic level, it translates to 'to eat' or 'to consume food.' However, for an English speaker, the scope of Khordan is much broader than just the act of mastication. It encompasses drinking (in specific contexts), colliding, hitting, matching, and even abstract concepts like suffering or being deceived. Understanding Khordan is a gateway to understanding the idiomatic nature of Persian thought. In everyday life, you will use it from the moment you wake up for breakfast until you go to bed, but you will also use it to describe a car accident, a door that doesn't fit its frame, or the feeling of regret.

Primary Meaning: The literal act of eating food. For example, 'Man ghaza mikhoram' (I am eating food).
Physical Impact: Used to describe hitting or colliding. If a ball hits a window, or if you trip and hit the ground (zamin khordan), this verb is used.
Compatibility: In the context of fashion or mechanics, it means 'to match' or 'to fit.' For instance, 'This key doesn't fit the lock' or 'This blue shirt matches your eyes.'

من دارم سیب می‌خورم.
(Man dāram sib mikhoram) - I am eating an apple.

Beyond the physical, Khordan is used for 'consuming' abstract things. In Persian, you don't just 'feel' regret; you 'eat' regret (afsus khordan). You don't just 'get' a beating; you 'eat' a beating (kotak khordan). This conceptualization of internalizing experiences as if they were food is a core feature of the Persian worldview. Whether you are consuming a meal, a blow to the head, or a deep emotion, the verb remains the same, highlighting a cultural connection between the body's intake and the soul's experience.

ماشین به دیوار خورد.
(Māshin be divār khord) - The car hit the wall.

Emotional Consumption: Used for experiencing stress (hers khordan) or sorrow (ghosse khordan).

In social settings, the word is ubiquitous. When invited to a 'Mehmuni' (party), the host will constantly urge you to 'bokhor' (eat!). It is a sign of hospitality. Conversely, 'Gool khordan' (to eat a trick) means to be deceived. The word is so deeply embedded that it appears in hundreds of compound verbs, making it one of the top five most important verbs for any learner to master. Its conjugation is regular, but its applications are infinite.

این کلید به این قفل نمی‌خورد.
(In kelid be in ghofl nemikhorad) - This key does not fit this lock.

Using خوردن correctly requires understanding its role as both a simple verb and a component of compound verbs. In its simplest form, it follows the standard Persian Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) structure. When you are eating a specific object, you often use the object marker 'rā' (را) if the object is definite. For example, 'Man sib rā khordam' (I ate the apple). However, in general statements, 'rā' is omitted: 'Man sib khordam' (I ate an apple/apples).

Present Tense: Formed by adding 'mi-' to the present stem 'khor' plus personal endings. (e.g., mi-khor-am, mi-khor-i, mi-khor-ad).
Past Tense: Formed using the past stem 'khord' plus personal endings. (e.g., khord-am, khord-i, khord).

ما شام را در رستوران خوردیم.
(Mā shām rā dar restorān khordim) - We ate dinner at the restaurant.

When using Khordan to mean 'to hit,' the preposition 'be' (to/at) is essential. You don't 'hit a wall' directly in the same grammatical way as English; you 'hit TO a wall.' For example, 'Tup be panjere khord' (The ball hit the window). This distinction is vital for sounding natural. If you omit the 'be,' the sentence might sound like you are literally eating the window!

In compound verbs, Khordan often acts as the light verb. In 'Zamin khordan' (to fall down), 'Zamin' (ground) and 'khordan' (to hit/eat) combine to mean the act of falling. In 'Gool khordan' (to be tricked), 'Gool' (deception) is 'eaten.' When conjugating these, only the 'khordan' part changes. For example, 'Man gool khordam' (I was tricked) vs 'Man gool mikhoram' (I am being tricked).

بچه زمین خورد و گریه کرد.
(Bach-che zamin khord va gerye kard) - The child fell down and cried.

Imperative Form: The command 'Eat!' is 'Bokhor' (singular) or 'Bokhorid' (plural/formal). The negative is 'Nakhor.'

Finally, consider the 'matching' usage. 'In lebās be to mikhorad' means 'This clothing suits/matches you.' Here, the preposition 'be' is again used. It suggests a harmonious 'hitting' or 'fitting' between the subject and the object. This is a common way to give compliments in Persian-speaking cultures.

You will hear خوردن everywhere from a bustling Tehran bazaar to a quiet family dinner in Los Angeles. In a restaurant, the waiter will ask 'Che mikhorid?' (What will you eat/have?). At home, a mother might scold her child with 'Ghaza-to bokhor!' (Eat your food!). But the word's reach extends far beyond the kitchen. In a sports commentary, you'll hear it when a player 'khord be bazikon-e harif' (hit the opposing player). In a clothing store, a clerk might say 'In rang be suratet mikhorad' (This color matches your face/complexion).

ببخشید، این کلید به این در می‌خورد؟
(Bebakhshid, in kelid be in dar mikhorad?) - Excuse me, does this key fit this door?

In the world of finance and business, Khordan takes on a darker tone. 'Pool-e mardom rā khordan' (eating people's money) refers to embezzlement or financial corruption. It implies that someone has 'consumed' funds that weren't theirs. Similarly, in a competitive environment, someone might say 'Hagh-am rā khordand' (They ate my right), meaning they were cheated out of what they deserved. This usage is very common in news reports and political discussions.

In daily social interactions, 'Ghosse nakhord' (Don't eat sorrow) is a common way to say 'Don't worry' or 'Don't be sad.' It's a phrase of comfort. You'll also hear 'Hers nakhord' (Don't eat greed/anger) when someone is getting overly frustrated or stressed about a situation. These expressions show how Khordan is used to manage and describe the internal emotional state of the speaker and their audience.

Social Media & Slang: In gaming or online arguments, 'Shakast khordan' (to eat defeat) is the standard way to say 'to lose.'

زیاد حرص نخور، درست می‌شود.
(Ziyād hers nakhor, dorost mishavad) - Don't worry too much, it will be fixed.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make with خوردن is using it too literally or failing to use the correct preposition. In English, we 'hit a wall,' but in Persian, you must 'hit TO a wall' (be divār khordan). If you say 'Man divār rā khordam,' you are telling someone you literally ate the wall, which will cause quite a bit of confusion or laughter!

Mistake 1: The 'Drinking' Confusion: While 'khordan' is used for drinks informally, beginners often forget that 'nushidan' exists for formal writing. Don't use 'khordan' in a formal essay about water conservation.
Mistake 2: Missing the 'rā': When eating a specific, known object, you must use 'rā.' Saying 'Man ghazā khordam' is 'I ate food,' but 'I ate the food' is 'Man ghazā rā khordam.'

Incorrect: من دیوار خوردم (I ate wall)
Correct: من به دیوار خوردم (I hit the wall)

Another common error involves the present stem. The present stem of Khordan is 'khor' (خور), but some learners mistakenly use 'khord' (the past stem) for present tense conjugations. For example, saying 'Man mikhor-d-am' for 'I am eating' is wrong; it should be 'Man mikhoram.' The 'd' only belongs in the past tense.

Lastly, learners often struggle with the compound verb 'Zamin khordan.' They might try to use the verb 'oftādan' (to fall) in every situation. While 'oftādan' is correct for objects falling (like a pen falling off a table), when a human trips and falls, 'zamin khordan' is much more common and natural. Using 'oftādan' for a person can sometimes sound like they fell from a great height or in a very dramatic, non-tripping way.

Incorrect: من افتادم (I fell - less common for tripping)
Correct: من زمین خوردم (I fell/tripped)

While خوردن is the most common way to say 'to eat,' Persian offers several alternatives depending on the level of formality and the specific context. Choosing the right word can significantly change the tone of your conversation, moving from very polite to extremely rude.

میل کردن (Meyl Kardan): This is the polite/formal alternative. You use this when offering food to guests or speaking to someone you respect. Instead of 'Bokhor,' you say 'Meyl konid.'
تناول کردن (Tanāvol Kardan): Very formal, literary, or archaic. You might see this in classical literature or very formal announcements. It's rarely used in daily speech.
کوفت کردن (Kuft Kardan): Extremely rude or aggressive. It literally means 'to eat like a disease' or 'to stuff one's face.' Use this only if you are very angry.

بفرمایید شام میل کنید.
(Befarmāyid shām meyl konid) - Please, help yourself to dinner (Polite).

When it comes to the 'hitting' aspect of Khordan, alternatives include 'Zadan' (to hit/strike). While 'Khordan' is often passive or accidental (hitting a wall), 'Zadan' is usually active (hitting a ball with a bat). If you want to emphasize the impact, you might use 'Bar-khord kardan' (to collide), which is more formal and often used in technical or news contexts regarding accidents.

For the 'matching' sense, you can use 'Set kardan' (from the English 'set'). This is very common in modern Persian slang when talking about outfits. 'In kafsh ba in kif set mishe' (These shoes match/set with this bag). However, 'Khordan' remains the more traditional and versatile choice for matching colors or fitting parts together.

How Formal Is It?

正式

"ایشان در حال تناول صبحانه هستند."

中性

"من ناهار می‌خورم."

非正式

"بیا یه چیزی بخوریم."

Child friendly

"عزیزم، کل غذاتو بخور تا بزرگ بشی."

俚语

"همه رو لمبوند!"

趣味小知识

The root 'xvar' is also related to the word for 'Sun' (Khorshid) in Persian, though the paths diverged thousands of years ago.

发音指南

UK /xɔːrˈdæn/

US /xɔːrˈdæn/

The stress is typically on the final syllable '-dan'.

押韵词

مردن (mordan - to die) بردن (bordan - to take) سپردن (sepordan - to entrust) آزردن (āzordan - to annoy) شمردن (shemordan - to count) افسردن (afsordan - to wither) فشردن (feshordan - to squeeze) ستردن (setordan - to erase)

常见错误

Pronouncing 'kh' as a simple 'k' or 'h'. It must be guttural.
Making the 'o' sound like 'oo' (khurdan). It should be 'o' as in 'fork'.
Missing the 'r' sound in the middle.
Putting stress on the first syllable.
Confusing the pronunciation with 'khāndan' (to read).

难度评级

阅读 1/5

The word is easy to recognize and appears frequently in all texts.

写作 2/5

Requires remembering the present stem 'khor' vs past stem 'khord'.

口语 2/5

Easy to pronounce, but using idioms correctly takes practice.

听力 1/5

Very distinct sound, easy to pick out in conversation.

接下来学什么

前置知识

من (I) غذا (Food) آب (Water) سیب (Apple) نان (Bread)

接下来学习

آشامیدن (to drink - formal) پختن (to cook) سفره (tablecloth) گرسنه (hungry) سیر (full)

高级

استهلاک (wear and tear) تغذیه (nutrition) متابولیسم (metabolism) بلع (swallowing) گوارش (digestion)

需要掌握的语法

Present Stem vs Past Stem

Present: خور (khor) -> می‌خورم. Past: خورد (khord) -> خوردم.

Object Marker 'rā'

سیب را خوردم (I ate THE apple).

Preposition 'be' for Impact

به دیوار خورد (It hit the wall).

Compound Verb Conjugation

In 'زمین خوردن', only 'خوردن' changes: زمین خوردم، زمین می‌خورم.

Subjunctive Mood

باید بخورم (I must eat) - uses 'be-' prefix.

按水平分级的例句

من نان می‌خورم.

I eat bread.

Present continuous/habitual: mi + khor + am.

او آب خورد.

He/She drank water.

Simple past: khord (3rd person singular has no ending).

ما سیب خوردیم.

We ate apples.

Simple past: khord + im.

بخور!

Eat! (Singular)

Imperative: bo + khor.

آنها ناهار می‌خورند.

They are eating lunch.

Present tense: mi + khor + and.

تو چه می‌خوری؟

What are you eating?

Question form with 'che' (what).

من صبحانه خوردم.

I ate breakfast.

Simple past: khord + am.

شیر نخور.

Don't drink the milk.

Negative imperative: na + khor.

بچه زمین خورد.

The child fell down.

Compound verb: zamin + khordan.

توپ به شیشه خورد.

The ball hit the glass.

Use of 'be' for hitting.

من شام را خوردم.

I ate the dinner.

Use of 'rā' for definite object.

آیا میوه می‌خورید؟

Do you (plural/formal) eat fruit?

Formal 'shomā' conjugation.

او دیروز بستنی خورد.

He ate ice cream yesterday.

Past tense with time adverb 'diruz'.

این کلید به در نمی‌خورد.

This key doesn't fit the door.

Negative present: ne + mi + khor + ad.

ما در رستوران غذا خوردیم.

We ate food in the restaurant.

Compound verb: ghazā khordan.

بفرمایید، میل کنید.

Please, help yourself (eat).

Polite alternative: meyl kardan.

او خیلی حرص می‌خورد.

He worries a lot / He is very stressed.

Idiom: hers khordan.

غصه نخور، همه چیز درست می‌شود.

Don't be sad, everything will be okay.

Idiom: ghosse khordan.

این رنگ به تو می‌خورد.

This color suits you.

Meaning 'to match/suit'.

من گول حرف‌های او را خوردم.

I was deceived by his words.

Idiom: gool khordan.

او در مسابقه شکست خورد.

He was defeated in the competition.

Compound verb: shakast khordan.

سرش به دیوار خورد.

His head hit the wall.

Physical impact with 'be'.

باید داروهایت را سر وقت بخوری.

You must take (eat) your medicine on time.

Subjunctive: be + khor + i.

او حق مرا خورد.

He took away my rights / He cheated me.

Metaphorical consumption of rights.

او فریب تبلیغات را خورد.

He was tricked by the advertisements.

Formal version of 'gool khordan'.

این دو رنگ اصلاً به هم نمی‌خورند.

These two colors don't match at all.

Reciprocal matching.

او بابت اشتباهش افسوس خورد.

He regretted his mistake.

Idiom: afsus khordan.

ماشین‌ها با هم برخورد کردند.

The cars collided with each other.

Formal compound: bar-khord kardan.

او پول زیادی در این معامله خورد.

He made (illegally consumed) a lot of money in this deal.

Colloquial for embezzlement/illicit gain.

این لباس به سایز من نمی‌خورد.

This clothing doesn't fit my size.

Meaning 'to fit'.

او چوب نادانی‌اش را خورد.

He suffered the consequences of his ignorance.

Idiom: chub-e chizi rā khordan.

نباید اجازه دهی حقت را بخورند.

You shouldn't let them take what is rightfully yours.

Passive-like construction with 'hagh'.

سرانجام سرش به سنگ خورد و متنبه شد.

Finally, he learned his lesson the hard way and repented.

Proverbial idiom.

این نظریه به درد کارهای پژوهشی می‌خورد.

This theory is useful for research work.

Idiom: be dard khordan (to be useful).

او در زندگی زخم‌های زیادی خورده است.

He has suffered many wounds (hardships) in life.

Metaphorical use of 'zakhm khordan'.

او تمام وقتش را پای این پروژه خورد.

He consumed all his time on this project.

Metaphorical consumption of time.

او از دوستش خنجر خورد.

He was betrayed (stabbed in the back) by his friend.

Idiom: khanjar khordan.

این سخنان به گوش او خوش نمی‌خورد.

These words do not sound pleasant to his ears.

Literary usage.

او در آن حادثه ضربه مغزی خورد.

He suffered a brain injury in that accident.

Medical/Formal usage.

او بیت‌المال را خورده است.

He has embezzled public funds.

Specific term for public money.

فلز در مجاورت رطوبت زنگ می‌خورد.

Metal rusts (eats rust) in the presence of moisture.

Technical/Scientific usage: zang khordan.

او در گرداب مشکلات غوطه خورد.

He wallowed (plunged) in the whirlpool of problems.

Poetic/Literary compound.

این پارچه در شستشو آب می‌خورد.

This fabric shrinks (eats water) during washing.

Specialized usage for textiles.

او از روزگار سیلی خورد.

He was slapped by fate/time.

Highly metaphorical/Poetic.

او در عشق شکست سختی خورد.

He suffered a devastating heartbreak (defeat in love).

Emotional depth.

این طرح با استانداردهای ما نمی‌خواند و نمی‌خورد.

This plan does not align or fit with our standards.

Double verb usage for emphasis.

او نان بازویش را می‌خورد.

He lives by the sweat of his brow (eats the bread of his arm).

Proverb for self-reliance.

او در دریای افکارش غوطه می‌خورد.

He was immersed (plunging) in the sea of his thoughts.

Abstract literary use.

常见搭配

غذا خوردن

زمین خوردن

حرص خوردن

غصه خوردن

گول خوردن

به درد خوردن

تکان خوردن

چای خوردن

کتک خوردن

قسم خوردن

常用短语

نوش جان

چی میل دارید؟

به من نمی‌خوره

حرفش را خورد

آب خنک خوردن

نان و نمک خوردن

چشم خوردن

تیر خوردن

برخورد کردن

فریب خوردن

容易混淆的词

خوردن vs خواندن (khāndan)

Means 'to read' or 'to sing'. It looks similar but has an extra 'ā' sound and 'n'.

خوردن vs خوابیدن (khābidan)

Means 'to sleep'. Starts with the same 'kh' sound.

خوردن vs خریدن (kharidan)

Means 'to buy'. Often used in the same context (buying food vs eating food).

习语与表达

"سرش به سنگ خورد"

To learn a lesson through failure or hardship.

بعد از ورشکستگی، سرش به سنگ خورد.

Informal/Proverbial

"به درد لای جرز خوردن"

To be completely useless. Literally 'to be good for filling a crack in a wall.'

این ماشین به درد لای جرز هم نمی‌خورد.

Slang

"دود چراغ خوردن"

To study or work hard for many years. Literally 'to inhale the smoke of the lamp.'

او برای دکتر شدن دود چراغ خورده است.

Literary

"مثل ریگ پول خوردن"

To spend money like water/sand.

او در سفر مثل ریگ پول می‌خورد.

Informal

"حرف کسی را خوردن"

To believe someone's lies or to be silenced by someone.

گول حرف‌هایش را نخور.

Informal

"کتک سیر خوردن"

To get a severe beating. Literally 'to eat a full meal of hitting.'

دزد از مردم کتک سیری خورد.

Informal

"خون دل خوردن"

To suffer greatly or work with extreme hardship.

برای بزرگ کردن این بچه‌ها خون دل خوردم.

Literary/Emotional

"برچسب خوردن"

To be labeled or stigmatized.

او در مدرسه برچسب تنبلی خورد.

Neutral

"تودهنی خوردن"

To be silenced or put in one's place. Literally 'to be hit in the mouth.'

با جواب دندان‌شکن من، تودهنی خورد.

Informal/Aggressive

"سر کسی را خوردن"

To annoy someone by talking too much. Literally 'to eat someone's head.'

بسه دیگه، سرم را خوردی!

Slang

容易混淆

خوردن vs نوشیدن

Both mean taking in liquids.

Nushidan is specifically for drinking and is more formal. Khordan is used for both eating and drinking informally.

او آب می‌نوشد (Formal) vs او آب می‌خورد (Informal).

خوردن vs زدن

Both can mean 'to hit'.

Zadan is active (I hit the ball). Khordan is often passive or accidental (The ball hit the window).

من به توپ زدم vs توپ به پنجره خورد.

خوردن vs افتادن

Both can mean 'to fall'.

Oftādan is for objects or falling from heights. Zamin khordan is specifically for people tripping/falling.

سیب افتاد vs من زمین خوردم.

خوردن vs پوشیدن

Context of clothes.

Pushidan means 'to wear'. Khordan means 'to match/suit'.

من لباس می‌پوشم vs این لباس به من می‌خورد.

خوردن vs برخورد

Noun vs Verb.

Bar-khord is the noun 'collision' or 'behavior'. Khordan is the verb.

برخورد او خوب بود vs ماشین‌ها برخورد کردند.

句型

[Subject] [Food] می‌خورم.

من نان می‌خورم.

[Subject] [Food] خوردم.

او آب خورد.

[Subject] به [Object] خورد.

ماشین به درخت خورد.

[Subject] زمین خورد.

بچه زمین خورد.

[Subject] خیلی حرص می‌خورد.

مادرم خیلی حرص می‌خورد.

[Subject] به درد می‌خورد.

این کتاب به درد می‌خورد.

[Subject] گول [Person] را خورد.

او گول برادرش را خورد.

سر [Subject] به سنگ خورد.

بالاخره سرش به سنگ خورد.

词族

名词

动词

形容词

如何使用

frequency

Extremely high; it is one of the top 20 most used verbs in Persian.

常见错误

Man divār khordam. → Man be divār khordam.
Without 'be', you are saying you ate the wall.
Man dāram mikhor-d-am. → Man dāram mikhoram.
Don't use the past stem 'khord' for the present continuous.
Using 'khordan' for a guest. → Using 'meyl kardan'.
It's more polite to use 'meyl kardan' when hosting.
Man sib khordam (for 'the' apple). → Man sib rā khordam.
Missing the 'rā' makes the object indefinite.
Confusing 'khordan' with 'khāndan'. → Check the spelling.
Khāndan (reading) has an 'alef' (ā) and an 'n'.

小贴士

Stem Memory

Always remember the 'D' for the past. Khord = Ate. Khor = Eat. This applies to all regular Persian verbs ending in -dan.

Ta'arof

When someone offers you food with 'Befarmāyid', they are using a polite form of 'khordan'. Even if you are hungry, it's polite to say 'Mamnun' (Thank you) first.

Compound Power

Mastering 'khordan' gives you access to dozens of other verbs. Focus on 'zamin khordan' and 'gool khordan' first.

Pronunciation

Don't be afraid of the 'Kh' sound. It's like clearing your throat gently. Practice with 'Khordan' every day.

Preposition 'be'

Never forget 'be' when you mean 'hit' or 'match'. Without it, you are literally eating the object!

Formal vs Informal

Use 'meyl kardan' in letters or when writing about elders to show respect.

Context Clues

If you hear 'khordan' in a sad conversation, it likely means 'ghosse khordan' (worrying), not eating food.

Internalization

Think of Persian idioms as 'consuming' experiences. You eat sorrow, you eat tricks, you eat hits.

Street Talk

'Saram-o khordi' (You ate my head) is a funny way to tell a friend they are talking too much.

Daily Verb

Since you eat every day, narrate your meals in Persian using 'khordan' to build muscle memory.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'Khordan' as 'Core-dan'. You put food into your 'core' when you eat. Or imagine a 'Cord' connecting your mouth to your stomach.

视觉联想

Visualize a large mouth 'eating' a wall (be divār khordan) to remember the 'hitting' meaning, or 'eating' a clock to remember 'consuming time'.

Word Web

Food Drink Hit Match Fall Deceive Worry Regret

挑战

Try to use 'khordan' in three different ways today: once for a meal, once for a drink, and once to describe something that matches (like your socks!).

词源

Derived from Middle Persian 'xwardan' and Old Persian 'xvar-'. It is cognate with Sanskrit 'svarati'.

原始含义： The root originally meant 'to consume' or 'to take in,' often associated with light or sun in ancient Indo-European roots, but settled into 'eating' in Iranian languages.

Indo-European -> Indo-Iranian -> Iranian -> West Iranian -> Persian.

文化背景

Be careful with 'pool-e mardom rā khordan' as it is a serious accusation of corruption. Avoid 'kuft kardan' in any polite company.

English speakers often find the use of 'eat' for 'hit' or 'match' strange, but it's similar to the English 'to take a hit' or 'to consume time'.

The poem 'Mey bokhor' (Drink wine) by Omar Khayyam. The common proverb 'Nān-e kas-i rā boridan' (to cut someone's bread/livelihood) which is the opposite of khordan. Modern Iranian pop songs often use 'ghosse khordan' in lyrics about heartbreak.

在生活中练习

真实语境

At a Restaurant

منو را بیاورید.
من جوجه‌کباب می‌خورم.
نوشیدنی چی دارید؟
صورتحساب لطفاً.

At Home

شام چی داریم؟
بفرما بخور.
دستت درد نکنه.
خیلی خوشمزه بود.

In a Car Accident

ماشین به درخت خورد.
تقصیر کی بود؟
پلیس را خبر کن.
خسارت زیادی دید.

Shopping for Clothes

این به من می‌خوره؟
رنگش خوبه؟
سایزش کوچیکه.
با شلوارم ست می‌شه.

Feeling Unwell

باید قرص بخورم.
اشتها ندارم.
سرم به جایی خورده.
معده‌ام درد می‌کنه.

对话开场白

"معمولاً برای ناهار چی می‌خوری؟ (What do you usually eat for lunch?)"

"بهترین غذایی که تا حالا خوردی چی بوده؟ (What is the best food you've ever eaten?)"

"آیا تا حالا گول کسی را خوردی؟ (Have you ever been tricked by someone?)"

"این لباس به نظرت به من می‌خوره؟ (Do you think this outfit suits me?)"

"دوست داری با هم بریم بیرون چیزی بخوریم؟ (Would you like to go out and eat something together?)"

日记主题

امروز چه چیزهای خوشمزه‌ای خوردی؟ توصیف کن. (What delicious things did you eat today? Describe them.)

یک بار که زمین خوردی و اتفاق جالبی افتاد را بنویس. (Write about a time you fell down and something interesting happened.)

آیا تا به حال برای چیزی خیلی حرص خورده‌ای؟ (Have you ever worried/stressed a lot about something?)

غذا خوردن در فرهنگ تو چه جایگاهی دارد؟ (What is the place of eating in your culture?)

لیستی از میوه‌هایی که دوست داری بخوری تهیه کن. (Make a list of fruits you like to eat.)

常见问题

10 个问题

Yes, in daily conversation, Iranians almost always use 'khordan' for water, tea, and soda. 'Nushidan' is reserved for formal writing or menus.

'Khordan' is just the verb 'to eat'. 'Ghazā khordan' literally means 'to eat food' and is often used to mean 'to have a meal' or 'to dine'.

You say 'Saram be [chizi] khord'. For example, 'Saram be divār khord' (My head hit the wall).

No, it has many meanings including to hit, to match, to be deceived, and to fall (in 'zamin khordan').

Yes, it follows the standard conjugation rules for Persian verbs once you know the present (khor) and past (khord) stems.

It is a polite phrase said to someone who is eating or has just finished eating, similar to 'Bon appétit' or 'Enjoy your meal'.

You can say 'Hers nakhor' (Don't be stressed) or 'Ghosse nakhor' (Don't be sad/worried).

It means 'to be tricked' or 'to be deceived'. Literally, 'to eat a trick'.

Yes, like a key fitting a lock: 'In kelid be ghofl mikhorad'.

Yes, but often the compound forms themselves carry a passive meaning (e.g., 'kotak khordan' means 'to be beaten').