مردد 30秒了解
- Hesitant, indecisive, doubtful.
- Unsure about making a choice or taking action.
- Wavering between options.
- Describes a state of uncertainty.
The Persian word 'مردد' (moraddad) is an adjective that describes a state of being uncertain, wavering, or indecisive. It's used when someone is finding it difficult to make a decision, is unsure about a course of action, or feels a sense of doubt. Imagine someone standing at a crossroads, contemplating which path to take; they are 'مردد'. It can apply to a wide range of situations, from small, everyday choices to more significant life decisions. The feeling is one of hesitation, where a person is not firmly committed to one option over another. This indecisiveness can stem from various reasons, such as weighing pros and cons, fear of making the wrong choice, or simply a lack of clear conviction. In essence, if you're not quite sure what to do or think, and you're pausing or wavering, you are 'مردد'.
You might hear 'مردد' used when someone is asked about their plans, their opinion on a matter, or their willingness to commit to something. For instance, if a friend asks if you want to go out, but you're not feeling energetic, you might say you're 'مردد'. It signifies a state of internal debate or uncertainty. The word carries a sense of deliberation, but it's a deliberation that hasn't yet led to a conclusion. It's a common human experience to feel 'مردد' at times, reflecting the complexities of making choices in life. The more significant the decision, the more likely one might feel 'مردد'. It can also imply a lack of confidence in one's own judgment, leading to a reluctance to commit. The word is versatile and can be applied to thoughts, feelings, or actions that are not yet settled.
- Key Nuances
- 'مردد' often implies a temporary state of uncertainty. It's not necessarily a permanent trait but a feeling experienced in specific situations.
- Contextual Usage
- It can be used to describe a person's general disposition towards decision-making or a specific instance of hesitation.
- Emotional Tone
- While it indicates uncertainty, it doesn't necessarily carry a strong negative connotation. It's a neutral descriptor of a mental state.
او در انتخاب شغل جدیدش بسیار مردد بود.
The word can be used to describe someone who is 'on the fence' about an issue. It captures the feeling of being pulled in different directions or not having a firm stance. This indecisiveness can sometimes lead to missed opportunities if one waits too long to make a choice. The internal conflict of being 'مردد' is a common theme in human psychology and is well-represented by this versatile Persian adjective. It’s important to note that while 'مردد' implies uncertainty, it's not necessarily a sign of weakness, but rather a reflection of careful consideration or genuine difficulty in making a choice. The context will usually clarify the specific reason for the hesitation.
وقتی از او نظرش را پرسیدم، کمی مردد جواب داد.
- Usage Examples
- A student might be 'مردد' about which major to choose. A traveler might be 'مردد' about which route to take. A consumer might be 'مردد' between two similar products.
Using 'مردد' (moraddad) effectively in Persian sentences involves understanding its role as an adjective describing a state of indecision or hesitation. It typically follows the noun it modifies or is linked by a verb like 'بودن' (to be). Here are several ways to incorporate it into your speech and writing, demonstrating its versatility across different scenarios.
When describing a person's state of mind, you can use 'مردد بودن' (to be hesitant). For example, 'او در تصمیمگیری مردد بود' (He was hesitant in decision-making). This construction is straightforward and common. You can also use it to describe a specific action or response. If someone answers vaguely or with uncertainty, you might say, 'پاسخ او مردد بود' (His answer was hesitant). This implies that their words lacked conviction or clarity.
- Basic Sentence Structure
- Subject + مردد + بود/شد/است (Subject + hesitant + was/became/is). For instance, 'من مردد هستم' (I am hesitant).
- Modifying Nouns
- You can place 'مردد' before a noun if it's part of a descriptive phrase, though this is less common than using it predicatively. More often, it describes the subject. For example, 'تصمیم مردد او' (His hesitant decision) is grammatically possible but sounds slightly unnatural; 'تصمیم او مردد بود' (His decision was hesitant) is better.
Consider the context of making plans. If someone is unsure about attending an event, you could say, 'او هنوز مردد است که بیاید یا نه.' (He is still hesitant about whether to come or not.) This shows the word used with a subordinate clause indicating the point of uncertainty. In situations where advice is sought, and the person is wavering, you might hear, 'چرا مردد هستی؟ تصمیمی بگیر!' (Why are you hesitant? Make a decision!). This directly addresses the indecisiveness.
او در مورد پذیرش پیشنهاد شغلی مردد بود.
The word can also be used to describe a general tendency. For example, 'او ذاتاً فردی مردد است.' (He is inherently a hesitant person.) This implies that indecisiveness is a characteristic trait. When discussing options, you might say, 'من بین این دو گزینه مردد ماندهام.' (I am left hesitant between these two options.) The verb 'ماندن' (to remain/be left) emphasizes the state of being stuck in indecision.
- Expressing Doubt
- Use 'مردد' when someone expresses doubt about a fact or a plan. For example, 'من مردد هستم که این خبر درست باشد.' (I am doubtful that this news is true.)
- Action vs. Inaction
- 'مردد' often implies a delay in action due to uncertainty. 'به خاطر مردد بودنش، فرصت را از دست داد.' (Because of his hesitancy, he lost the opportunity.)
In more complex sentences, 'مردد' can be used to describe the state of a group or a situation. For example, 'وضعیت اقتصادی کشور مردد به نظر میرسد.' (The country's economic situation appears uncertain.) Here, it describes the general outlook. Remember to conjugate the verb 'بودن' or related verbs according to the subject and tense.
وقتی از او پرسیدم که آیا موافق است، او مردد جواب داد.
You'll encounter the word 'مردد' (moraddad) in a wide variety of everyday Persian conversations and contexts. It's a common adjective used to describe a feeling that many people experience regularly. Think about social gatherings, family discussions, or even casual chats with friends. If someone is contemplating a choice, expressing doubt, or simply not firm in their opinion, 'مردد' is the word that often comes up.
In family settings, parents might use it when discussing their children's future. For example, a parent might say, 'ما در مورد فرستادن او به خارج از کشور مردد هستیم.' (We are hesitant about sending him abroad.) This reflects the gravity of such a decision. Similarly, among friends, if someone is unsure about joining a group activity, they might express, 'من هنوز مردد هستم که بیایم.' (I'm still hesitant about coming.) This is a very natural way to convey indecision.
- Casual Conversations
- 'من واقعا مرددم که این فیلم را ببینم یا نه.' (I'm really hesitant about whether to watch this movie or not.)
- Decision Making
- 'او در انتخاب رستوران برای شام مردد بود.' (He was hesitant in choosing a restaurant for dinner.)
- Expressing Opinions
- 'وقتی در مورد سیاست از او پرسیدم، مردد جواب داد.' (When I asked him about politics, he answered hesitantly.)
In more formal settings, like business meetings or academic discussions, 'مردد' can still be used, though perhaps with slightly more careful phrasing. For instance, a manager might say, 'ما هنوز در مورد این سرمایهگذاری مردد هستیم و نیاز به اطلاعات بیشتری داریم.' (We are still hesitant about this investment and need more information.) This indicates a need for further analysis before committing.
او در مورد پذیرش شغل جدید بسیار مردد بود.
You'll also hear it in media – news reports discussing political indecision, or even in fictional dialogues in movies and TV shows where characters grapple with difficult choices. For example, a character might say, 'نمیدانم چه کار کنم، کاملاً مردد هستم.' (I don't know what to do, I am completely hesitant.) This emphasizes the depth of their uncertainty. The word is so common because indecisiveness is a universal human experience. Whether it's choosing what to wear, what to eat, or making major life changes, the feeling of being 'مردد' is something we can all relate to.
- Workplace Discussions
- 'مدیر در مورد تایید پروژه مردد بود.' (The manager was hesitant about approving the project.)
- Personal Reflections
- 'گاهی اوقات در مورد آیندهام مردد میشوم.' (Sometimes I become hesitant about my future.)
The word is frequently used in situations where someone is 'on the fence' or needs more time to think. It's a polite way to express that a decision hasn't been made yet. You might hear it in service interactions too, like a customer saying, 'من بین این دو مدل مردد هستم.' (I am hesitant between these two models.) This shows its broad applicability across social and economic spheres.
مردم در مورد تغییرات جدید قانون مردد بودند.
When learning to use 'مردد' (moraddad), English speakers might make a few common mistakes. Understanding these pitfalls can help you use the word more accurately and naturally in Persian. One frequent error is confusing it with words that imply a stronger sense of doubt or disbelief, or mistaking its grammatical function.
Firstly, learners sometimes use 'مردد' when they mean 'confused' (گیج - gij) or 'unsure of the facts' (نامطمئن - nām-e-motma'en). While there's overlap, 'مردد' specifically refers to indecision about an action or choice. For instance, saying 'من در مورد این موضوع مردد هستم' (I am hesitant about this topic) is correct if you are unsure what to do or say about it. However, if you are confused by the topic itself, 'گیج' would be more appropriate: 'من در مورد این موضوع گیج هستم' (I am confused about this topic).
- Confusing with 'Confused'
- Mistake: Using 'مردد' when you mean 'confused' by information. Correct: Use 'گیج' (gij) for confusion about understanding something, and 'مردد' for indecision about acting or choosing.
- Confusing with 'Uncertain' (about facts)
- Mistake: Using 'مردد' when you doubt the truth of something. Correct: 'نامطمئن' (nām-e-motma'en) or 'شک دارم' (shakk dāram - I doubt) are better for questioning the veracity of information.
Another common mistake is incorrect grammatical placement. 'مردد' is an adjective, and like most Persian adjectives, it typically follows the noun it describes or is linked via a verb. Learners might try to place it before the noun in a way that sounds unnatural in Persian. For example, saying 'یک مرد مردد' (a hesitant man) is grammatically acceptable, but more often, you would say 'مرد مردد بود' (The man was hesitant) or 'مردی مردد' (a hesitant man, less common as a standalone phrase).
اشتباه: من در مورد این موضوع مردد هستم (وقتی منظور گیج بودن است).
Overuse or using 'مردد' in contexts where a stronger or different nuance is needed can also be an issue. For instance, if someone is actively opposing something, 'مردد' might not be strong enough. It implies a lack of decision, not necessarily active disagreement. Also, ensure you are using the correct verb form. While 'مردد بودن' (to be hesitant) is common, using it with verbs like 'شدن' (to become) or 'ماندن' (to remain) can add more specific meanings, and using the wrong verb can alter the sentence's intent.
- Grammatical Placement
- Mistake: Placing 'مردد' directly before a noun as a determiner. Correct: Usually, it follows the noun or is used predicatively with a verb like 'بودن'.
- Intensity of Feeling
- Mistake: Using 'مردد' for strong opposition or firm disagreement. Correct: 'مردد' is for indecision; use other words for strong stances.
Finally, don't forget to conjugate the verb 'بودن' or other verbs correctly. A common slip-up is using the base form inappropriately. For example, saying 'من مردد است' instead of 'من مردد هستم' (I am hesitant). Pay attention to the subject-verb agreement and the appropriate tense. By being mindful of these common mistakes, you can significantly improve your fluency and accuracy when using 'مردد' in Persian.
اشتباه: او پیشنهاد را مردد کرد (وقتی منظور این است که او مردد بود).
In Persian, several words and phrases can convey a similar meaning to 'مردد' (moraddad), each with subtle differences in nuance, formality, or intensity. Understanding these alternatives will enrich your vocabulary and allow you to express varying degrees of uncertainty or indecision.
One close synonym is 'دودل' (doodel). This word also means hesitant or wavering, often implying a more pronounced state of indecision, sometimes even to the point of being flustered. While 'مردد' is quite standard, 'دودل' can sometimes carry a slightly more informal or even slightly negative connotation, suggesting someone who is dithering. For example, 'او در تصمیمگیری دودل بود' (He was dithering in decision-making) suggests more of a struggle than simply being 'مردد'.
- Synonyms Comparison
- مردد (moraddad): General hesitation, indecision, doubt. Neutral in tone.
دودل (doodel): Hesitant, wavering, dithering. Can be more informal and imply a greater struggle or indecisiveness. - Related Phrases
- شک داشتن (shakk dāshtan): To have doubt. This focuses more on questioning the truth or validity of something, rather than indecision about action. 'من شک دارم که این درست باشد.' (I doubt that this is true.)
تصمیم نگرفتن (tasmim nagereftan): To not make a decision. This is a more direct description of the outcome of being 'مردد'.
Another related concept is 'بلاتکلیف' (belā-tahlik). This term means undecided, in limbo, or unresolved. It often describes a situation or a person who is waiting for a decision or clarification and is therefore unable to proceed. While 'مردد' describes the internal state of indecision, 'بلاتکلیف' can describe the state of being left in uncertainty. For example, 'او در مورد آینده شغلیاش بلاتکلیف است.' (He is undecided about his career future.) This implies he's waiting for something to happen or be decided.
او بین رفتن و ماندن مردد بود.
In a more formal or nuanced context, you might use phrases that describe the act of deliberation. For instance, 'در فکر فرو رفتن' (dar fekr forū raftan) means to become lost in thought, which can be a precursor to being 'مردد'. Similarly, 'بين دوراهی ماندن' (beyn-e dūrāhī māndan) literally means to be stuck at a crossroads, a very strong metaphor for indecision. This phrase is more idiomatic and evocative than the simple adjective 'مردد'.
- Idiomatic Expressions
- بین دوراهی ماندن (beyn-e dūrāhī māndan): To be at a crossroads, to be unable to decide between two options. More descriptive and metaphorical.
- Formal vs. Informal
- 'مردد' is generally neutral and widely usable. 'دودل' leans informal. 'بلاتکلیف' describes a state of being unresolved, often due to external factors. Idioms like 'بین دوراهی ماندن' are more expressive.
When you want to emphasize the lack of a firm opinion, you might say someone is 'بیطرف' (bi-taraf - neutral) or 'خنثی' (khonsā - neutral), but these usually apply to opinions on issues rather than personal decisions. For a more active sense of doubt about something's truth, 'شکاک' (shakkāk - skeptical) is a better fit, but this is more about a personality trait than a temporary state of indecision like 'مردد'.
او بین دو پیشنهاد شغلی مردد ماند.
How Formal Is It?
趣味小知识
The concept of 'returning' or 'pushing back' in the root hints at the idea of constantly going back to a decision point without moving forward, which perfectly captures the essence of hesitation. It's like your mind is repeatedly 'pushing back' on making a final choice.
发音指南
- Mispronouncing the 'a' sound as long like in 'father'.
- Putting stress on the wrong syllable.
- Not pronouncing the final 'd' clearly.
难度评级
CEFR B1 level. The word 'مردد' is common and its meaning is generally straightforward. However, understanding its nuances and subtle differences from synonyms requires intermediate comprehension.
接下来学什么
前置知识
接下来学习
高级
需要掌握的语法
Adjective Placement
In Persian, adjectives usually follow the noun they modify. For 'مردد', it often appears after the verb 'بودن' (to be) or 'شدن' (to become). Example: 'مرد مردد بود.' (The man was hesitant.)
Verb Conjugation with Adjectives
When used with 'بودن', 'شدن', or 'ماندن', the verb must agree with the subject in person and number. Example: 'من مردد هستم.' (I am hesitant.) 'آنها مردد بودند.' (They were hesitant.)
Using 'که' with Adjectives of Uncertainty
To express hesitation about a clause, 'که' (that) is often used. Example: 'من مردد هستم که آیا او خواهد آمد.' (I am hesitant about whether he will come.)
Adverbial Use of Adjectives
Sometimes, adjectives can function adverbially, describing how an action is performed. Example: 'او مردد جواب داد.' (He answered hesitantly.)
Prepositional Phrases with 'مردد'
The preposition 'در مورد' (about/regarding) is commonly used with 'مردد'. Example: 'او در مورد این پیشنهاد مردد بود.' (He was hesitant about this offer.)
按水平分级的例句
من مردد هستم.
I am hesitant.
Simple sentence structure: Subject + مردد + هستم.
او مردد بود.
He/She was hesitant.
Past tense of 'to be' + مردد.
آیا مردد هستی؟
Are you hesitant?
Question form using inversion.
بیا، مردد نباش.
Come on, don't be hesitant.
Negative imperative form.
من کمی مردد هستم.
I am a little hesitant.
Using an adverb 'کمی' (a little).
او مردد شد.
He/She became hesitant.
Using 'شدن' (to become) to indicate a change in state.
این انتخاب مردد است.
This choice is hesitant.
Describing a noun 'انتخاب' (choice).
لطفا مردد نباش.
Please don't be hesitant.
Polite negative imperative.
من بین دو گزینه مردد ماندم.
I remained hesitant between two options.
Using 'ماندن' (to remain) to express being stuck in indecision.
او در مورد سفر مردد بود.
He/She was hesitant about the trip.
Preposition 'در مورد' (about) followed by the noun.
چرا اینقدر مردد هستی؟
Why are you so hesitant?
Using 'اینقدر' (so much) to emphasize the degree of hesitation.
تصمیم او مردد بود.
His/Her decision was hesitant.
Describing a noun 'تصمیم' (decision).
وقتی از او پرسیدم، مردد جواب داد.
When I asked him/her, he/she answered hesitantly.
Using 'مردد' adverbially with a verb 'جواب داد' (answered).
من مردد هستم که این کار را انجام دهم.
I am hesitant to do this task.
Using 'که' (that) to introduce a clause of uncertainty.
او در مورد قبول کردن شغل مردد بود.
He/She was hesitant about accepting the job.
Gerund form 'قبول کردن' (accepting) used with 'در مورد'.
این موضوع مرا مردد کرده است.
This matter has made me hesitant.
Using 'کرده است' (has made) to show the cause of hesitation.
او در مورد آینده شغلی خود مردد بود و نمیدانست چه مسیری را انتخاب کند.
He was hesitant about his career future and didn't know which path to choose.
Compound sentence with a subordinate clause explaining the reason for hesitation.
وقتی از او پرسیدیم که آیا با ما میآید، او کمی مردد جواب داد.
When we asked him if he would come with us, he answered a bit hesitantly.
Using 'کمی' (a bit) to qualify the degree of hesitation in the answer.
من بین خریدن این خانه یا اجاره کردن آن مردد ماندهام.
I am left hesitant between buying this house or renting it.
Using 'ماندهام' (I am left) to emphasize being stuck in indecision.
بسیاری از مردم در مورد واکسن زدن مردد هستند.
Many people are hesitant about getting vaccinated.
Referring to a general trend or public opinion.
این وضعیت اقتصادی مرا مردد کرده است که آیا سرمایهگذاری کنم یا نه.
This economic situation has made me hesitant about whether to invest or not.
Using 'کرده است' (has made) to show the cause of hesitation, followed by a 'whether or not' clause.
او در مورد پذیرش پیشنهاد ارتقاء شغلی مردد بود.
He was hesitant about accepting the job promotion offer.
Specific context of a career decision.
چرا اینقدر مردد هستی؟ باید تصمیمی بگیری.
Why are you so hesitant? You need to make a decision.
Direct imperative encouraging action.
پاسخ او به سوال من مردد بود و کاملاً واضح نبود.
His answer to my question was hesitant and not completely clear.
Describing the quality of an answer as hesitant and unclear.
علیرغم تمام مشورتها، او همچنان در مورد تغییر شغلش مردد بود.
Despite all the consultations, he was still hesitant about changing his job.
Using 'علیرغم' (despite) and 'همچنان' (still) to emphasize the persistence of hesitation.
سیاستمداران در مورد تصویب این لایحه مردد هستند، زیرا پیامدهای آن نامشخص است.
Politicians are hesitant about passing this bill because its consequences are unclear.
Explaining the reason for hesitation using 'زیرا' (because).
او در مورد سرمایهگذاری در بازارهای نوظهور مردد بود، با توجه به نوسانات اخیر.
He was hesitant about investing in emerging markets, given the recent fluctuations.
Using 'با توجه به' (given/considering) to introduce a reason for hesitation.
دانشجویان اغلب در مورد انتخاب رشته تحصیلی خود در سالهای اول دانشگاه مردد هستند.
Students are often hesitant about choosing their field of study in the first years of university.
Generalizing the hesitation to a specific demographic and timeframe.
با وجود تمام شواهد، او هنوز در مورد باور کردن داستان مردد بود.
Despite all the evidence, he was still hesitant about believing the story.
Using 'با وجود' (despite) and emphasizing doubt about belief.
او مردد بود که آیا باید حقیقت را بگوید یا سکوت کند.
He was hesitant whether he should tell the truth or remain silent.
Using 'آیا ... یا ...' (whether ... or ...) to present two conflicting options.
تولیدکنندگان در مورد افزایش قیمت محصولاتشان مردد هستند، زیرا از واکنش مشتریان میترسند.
Manufacturers are hesitant about increasing the prices of their products because they fear customer reaction.
Explaining the hesitation based on potential consequences.
هیئت مدیره در مورد تایید طرح توسعه جدید مردد بود و خواستار بررسیهای بیشتر شد.
The board of directors was hesitant about approving the new development plan and requested further reviews.
Describing hesitation in a corporate decision-making context.
علیرغم اطمینان بخشیدنهای مکرر، او همچنان در مورد تعهد بلندمدت به این پروژه مردد باقی مانده بود.
Despite repeated assurances, he still remained hesitant about long-term commitment to this project.
Using more sophisticated vocabulary like 'اطمینان بخشیدنهای مکرر' (repeated assurances) and 'تعهد بلندمدت' (long-term commitment).
رویکرد محتاطانه دولت در قبال مسائل اقتصادی، نشاندهنده تردید عمیق و مردد بودن در تصمیمگیریهای کلان است.
The government's cautious approach to economic issues indicates deep doubt and hesitancy in major decision-making.
Using 'رویکرد محتاطانه' (cautious approach) and 'تصمیمگیریهای کلان' (major decision-making).
او در اتخاذ یک موضع قاطع مردد بود، زیرا بیم آن داشت که با بیان صریح عقایدش، روابط موجود را خدشهدار سازد.
He was hesitant in taking a firm stance, as he feared that by explicitly stating his opinions, he would damage existing relationships.
Using 'اتخاذ موضع قاطع' (taking a firm stance) and 'خدشهدار سازد' (to damage/impair) to express nuanced reasons for hesitation.
با وجود تجربیات موفق گذشته، سرمایهگذاران در مورد ورود به بازارهای جدید مردد بودند، تحت تاثیر اخبار منفی اخیر.
Despite past successful experiences, investors were hesitant about entering new markets, influenced by recent negative news.
Using 'تحت تاثیر' (influenced by) to explain the cause of hesitation.
فرهنگ سازمانی که بر اجماع تاکید دارد، گاهی اوقات میتواند منجر به مردد بودن افراد در بیان ایدههای نوآورانه شود.
An organizational culture that emphasizes consensus can sometimes lead to individuals being hesitant in expressing innovative ideas.
Discussing the impact of organizational culture on individual behavior.
او مردد بود که آیا باید ریسک بزرگتری را برای دستیابی به پاداش بالقوه بیشتر بپذیرد یا به رویکرد محافظهکارانه خود پایبند بماند.
He was hesitant whether he should accept a bigger risk for potentially greater reward or stick to his conservative approach.
Presenting a classic risk-reward dilemma using 'آیا ... یا ...'.
عدم شفافیت در قوانین جدید، باعث شده است که بسیاری از کسبوکارها در برنامهریزیهای بلندمدت خود مردد باشند.
The lack of clarity in the new regulations has caused many businesses to be hesitant in their long-term planning.
Using 'عدم شفافیت' (lack of clarity) as a cause for hesitation.
تصمیمگیری در چنین شرایط پیچیدهای، حتی برای باتجربهترین افراد نیز میتواند موجب مردد شدن شود.
Decision-making in such complex circumstances can cause even the most experienced individuals to become hesitant.
Highlighting that even experienced individuals can be hesitant in complex situations.
آنچه در این موقعیت حساس، وی را بیش از پیش مردد میساخت، نه فقدان اطلاعات، بلکه کثرت گزینههایی بود که هر کدام پیامدهای نامعلومی داشتند.
What made him hesitant more than anything in this sensitive situation was not the lack of information, but the abundance of options, each with uncertain consequences.
Complex sentence structure with a focus on the cause of hesitation (abundance of options, not lack of info).
مواضع متزلزل و مردد برخی از رهبران سیاسی در قبال بحرانهای بینالمللی، اعتبار جامعه جهانی را به چالش کشیده است.
The shaky and hesitant stances of some political leaders regarding international crises have challenged the credibility of the international community.
Using sophisticated vocabulary like 'مواضع متزلزل' (shaky stances) and 'اعتبار' (credibility).
این پارادوکس که چگونه یک فرد با دانش گسترده میتواند در عین حال مردد و قاطع باشد، نشاندهنده پیچیدگیهای روانشناختی تصمیمگیری است.
This paradox of how an individual with extensive knowledge can be hesitant and decisive at the same time highlights the psychological complexities of decision-making.
Discussing paradoxes and psychological complexities related to hesitation.
تفسیرهای متناقض از دادههای علمی، باعث شده است که سیاستگذاران در اتخاذ رویکردهای پیشگیرانه در قبال تغییرات اقلیمی، مردد باقی بمانند.
Contradictory interpretations of scientific data have caused policymakers to remain hesitant in adopting preventive approaches towards climate change.
Linking scientific ambiguity to policy hesitation.
آنچه او را در طول سالها مردد نگاه داشته بود، صرفاً ترس از شکست نبود، بلکه عدم قطعیت ذاتی در مورد ماهیت موفقیت بود.
What had kept him hesitant over the years was not merely the fear of failure, but the inherent uncertainty about the very nature of success.
Exploring deeper philosophical reasons for prolonged hesitation.
این تردید فراگیر در میان متخصصان، مبنی بر اینکه آیا فناوریهای نوظهور پیامدهای مثبت بلندمدت خواهند داشت، منجر به موضعی مردد در قبال سرمایهگذاریهای کلان شده است.
This widespread doubt among experts, as to whether emerging technologies will have positive long-term consequences, has led to a hesitant stance regarding large-scale investments.
Using 'فراگیر' (widespread) and 'مبنی بر اینکه آیا' (as to whether) to describe collective hesitation.
در مواجهه با بحرانی با ابعاد ناشناخته، حتی باتجربهترین فرماندهان نیز ممکن است در تعیین استراتژیهای قاطع، مردد شوند.
In the face of a crisis with unknown dimensions, even the most experienced commanders may become hesitant in determining decisive strategies.
Context of high-stakes decision-making under uncertainty.
این جمله، که در آن گوینده به صراحت بیان میکند که در مورد پیوستن به جنبش مردد است، نشاندهنده تنشهای درونی و ملاحظات متعدد اوست.
This sentence, in which the speaker explicitly states their hesitation about joining the movement, reflects their internal tensions and numerous considerations.
Analyzing a statement that explicitly expresses hesitation and its underlying reasons.
常见搭配
常用短语
— I am hesitant/undecided.
وقتی از من پرسیدند که آیا میخواهم بروم، گفتم: 'من مردد هستم.'
容易混淆的词
'شکاک' means skeptical, implying doubt about the truth or validity of something. 'مردد' is about indecision regarding an action or choice, not necessarily about questioning facts.
'گیج' means confused, often due to lack of understanding or information overload. 'مردد' is about being unable to decide, even if the options are understood.
'بلاتکلیف' means undecided or in limbo, often waiting for external factors. 'مردد' is more about the internal state of wavering between choices.
习语与表达
— To be at a crossroads; to be unable to decide between two options.
او بین رفتن به دانشگاه و شروع کار بین دو راهی مانده بود.
Common— To have a churning stomach; to feel anxious or worried, often due to indecision or uncertainty.
قبل از مصاحبه شغلی، دلش شور میزد چون مردد بود که آیا آماده است یا نه.
Informal— To pound water in a mortar; to do something futile or useless, often implying a lack of progress due to indecision.
بدون تصمیمگیری، فقط آب در هاون میکوبیم.
Common— To be wandering or lost; can metaphorically refer to being mentally lost or undecided.
او سالها بود که در مورد هدف زندگیاش سرگردان بود.
Common— To have one foot in the air; to be in an uncertain or undecided state, not firmly committed.
وضعیت شغلی او هنوز پا در هوا بود.
Informal— To take the plunge; to be bold and take a risk, often after a period of hesitation.
بالاخره دل به دریا زد و شغلش را رها کرد.
Common— Words remaining in the air; an unresolved statement or promise due to indecision.
قول او در مورد کمک، حرف در هوا ماند.
Informal— To change completely; sometimes used ironically for someone who is indecisive and changes their mind frequently.
او هر روز از این رو به آن رو میشود و نمیتواند تصمیم بگیرد.
Common容易混淆
Both 'مردد' and 'دودل' describe hesitation and indecision.
'مردد' is a more general and neutral term for being hesitant. 'دودل' is often more informal and can imply a more pronounced state of dithering or struggling to make up one's mind, sometimes with a slightly negative connotation of being unable to act decisively.
او در انتخاب لباس مردد بود (He was hesitant choosing clothes - neutral). او در انتخاب لباس دودل بود (He was dithering over choosing clothes - implies more struggle).
Both relate to a lack of certainty.
'نامطمئن' means uncertain, typically about an outcome, fact, or situation. It's about not being sure *if* something is true or will happen. 'مردد' is about being unable to decide *what to do* or *which option to choose*.
من نامطمئن هستم که هوا بارانی باشد (I am uncertain if the weather will be rainy - about a fact). من مردد هستم که با چتر بروم یا نه (I am hesitant whether to take an umbrella or not - about an action).
Both involve a lack of firm conviction.
'شکاک' means skeptical or doubtful, usually concerning the truth or validity of something presented. 'مردد' is about indecisiveness regarding a choice or action. You can be 'مردد' about an action even if you don't doubt the facts.
او در مورد صحت خبر شکاک بود (He was skeptical about the truth of the news - questioning facts). او در مورد خریدن کتاب مردد بود (He was hesitant about buying the book - indecisive about an action).
Both describe a state of not having made a firm decision.
'بلاتکلیف' describes a state of being unresolved, often due to external factors or waiting for a decision from others. It implies being 'in limbo'. 'مردد' describes the internal feeling of wavering and being unable to decide between options.
او منتظر جواب دانشگاه بود و بلاتکلیف ماند (He was waiting for the university's response and remained in limbo). او بین دو دانشگاه مردد بود (He was hesitant between two universities - internal indecision).
They are opposites, so understanding one helps define the other.
'قاطع' means decisive, firm, and resolute. A 'قاطع' person makes decisions without hesitation. 'مردد' is the opposite, signifying hesitation and indecision.
او یک رهبر قاطع است (He is a decisive leader). او در تصمیمگیری مردد بود (He was hesitant in decision-making).
句型
Subject + مردد + هستم/است/بود.
من مردد هستم.
Subject + مردد + شد.
او مردد شد.
Subject + در مورد + Noun + مردد + بود.
او در مورد سفر مردد بود.
Subject + بین + Noun1 + و + Noun2 + مردد + ماند.
من بین دو خانه مردد ماندم.
Subject + مردد + بود که + Clause.
او مردد بود که آیا بیاید یا نه.
Subject + مردد + جواب داد.
او مردد جواب داد.
علیرغم + Noun Phrase + ، + Subject + مردد + بود.
علیرغم مشورتها، او مردد بود.
آنچه + Subject + را + مردد + میساخت، + ...
آنچه او را مردد میساخت، کثرت گزینهها بود.
词族
名词
动词
形容词
相关
如何使用
High
-
Using 'مردد' for general confusion.
→
Using 'گیج' or 'سردرگم' for confusion.
'مردد' specifically means hesitant or indecisive about a choice or action. If you are confused by information, you are 'گیج' (gij) or 'سردرگم' (sardargom), not necessarily 'مردد'.
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Incorrect verb conjugation.
→
Ensuring the verb agrees with the subject.
Forgetting to conjugate 'بودن' or 'شدن' correctly. For example, saying 'من مردد است' instead of 'من مردد هستم' (I am hesitant).
-
Confusing 'مردد' with 'شکاک'.
→
Using 'شکاک' for doubt about truth, and 'مردد' for indecision about action.
'شکاک' implies skepticism or doubt about the validity of something. 'مردد' implies inability to make a decision between options, even if the options are understood.
-
Placing 'مردد' incorrectly in a sentence.
→
Using 'مردد' predicatively or after the noun it modifies (less common).
Attempting to use 'مردد' as a determiner before a noun like in English ('a hesitant man') can sound unnatural. Persian adjectives usually follow the noun or are linked by a verb.
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Using 'مردد' when a stronger word is needed.
→
Using words like 'قاطع نبودن' (not being decisive) or 'متزلزل' (shaky) for stronger indecision.
'مردد' implies a general state of hesitation. If someone is actively fighting against making a choice or their stance is very weak, other words might be more appropriate.
小贴士
Stress the Second Syllable
The word 'مردد' (moraddad) has the stress on the second syllable: mor-ADD-ad. Practicing this rhythm will make your pronunciation sound more natural to native Persian speakers.
Expand with Synonyms
While 'مردد' is versatile, learn related words like 'دودل' (dithering) and 'بلاتکلیف' (undecided/in limbo) to express finer shades of meaning and enrich your vocabulary.
Verb Agreement
When using 'مردد' with verbs like 'بودن' (to be) or 'شدن' (to become), ensure the verb conjugates correctly according to the subject's person and number. For example, 'من مردد هستم' but 'آنها مردد بودند'.
Visual Association
Imagine a pendulum swinging back and forth, unable to settle. This visual can help you remember that 'مردد' means wavering or being unable to make a firm decision.
Use it in Sentences
The best way to learn is by using. Try to create your own sentences using 'مردد' in different contexts – describing yourself, others, or even situations. The more you practice, the more natural it will feel.
Understand the Nuance
In Persian culture, 'مردد' is often understood as part of thoughtful deliberation. It's not always seen as a negative trait, but rather a natural part of making important choices. Context and tone are important.
Avoid Confusion
Be careful not to confuse 'مردد' (hesitant about a choice) with 'شکاک' (skeptical about truth) or 'گیج' (confused by information). The core meaning is about indecision.
Listen for Context
When you hear 'مردد', pay attention to what follows. Is it followed by a choice ('بین دو گزینه'), a plan ('در مورد سفر'), or a general state ('او مردد بود')? This will help you understand its specific usage.
Read and Analyze
When reading Persian texts, highlight instances of 'مردد'. Analyze the sentence structure and the context to deepen your understanding of its various applications.
记住它
记忆技巧
Imagine someone standing at a fork in the road ('road' sounds a bit like 'radd' in 'moraddad'). They are 'moraddad' because they keep going back and forth, unable to choose a path. The 'mor' sound could remind you of 'more' options, making you hesitant.
视觉联想
Picture a pendulum swinging back and forth, unable to settle on one side. This constant back-and-forth motion represents the indecisiveness of being 'مردد'.
Word Web
挑战
Try to use 'مردد' in at least three different sentences describing situations where you or someone else is unsure about a choice. For example, 'I'm hesitant about going out tonight because I'm tired.' Translate this into Persian using 'مردد'.
词源
The word 'مردد' comes from the Arabic root ر-د-د (r-d-d), which relates to repetition, returning, or pushing back. In Persian, it evolved to mean someone who is repeatedly returning to a decision point without making one, or someone whose thoughts are being pushed back and forth.
原始含义： Repetition, returning, pushing back.
Semitic (Arabic origin, used in Persian)文化背景
The word 'مردد' itself is neutral and descriptive. However, the context in which it is used can imply sensitivity. For instance, a doctor might be 'مردد' about a treatment plan, highlighting the delicate nature of medical decisions. Similarly, personal decisions about relationships or career paths can carry emotional weight, making the feeling of being 'مردد' more profound.
In English-speaking cultures, similar concepts exist like 'hesitant', 'indecisive', 'on the fence', or 'undecided'. The nuance in Persian often lies in the specific phrasing and the common idioms used to express this state.
在生活中练习
真实语境
Making personal decisions (e.g., career, purchases, travel)
- من مردد هستم.
- او در مورد ... مردد بود.
- بین ... و ... مردد ماند.
Expressing opinions or doubts
- مردد جواب داد.
- در مورد صحت آن مردد بودم.
- چرا مردد هستی؟
Describing someone's character or state of mind
- او فردی مردد است.
- این وضعیت او را مردد کرد.
- حالت مردد داشت.
Discussing plans or future actions
- مردد بودیم که برویم یا نه.
- در مورد آینده مردد است.
- تصمیم مردد گرفت.
Negotiations or formal discussions
- هیئت مدیره مردد بود.
- موضع مرددی اتخاذ کرد.
- در مورد سرمایهگذاری مردد هستیم.
对话开场白
"Have you ever been really hesitant about a major decision?"
"What makes people hesitant to try new things?"
"When do you think it's okay to be indecisive?"
"How do you usually overcome feelings of hesitation?"
"Can you think of a time when being hesitant actually saved you from a mistake?"
日记主题
Describe a situation where you felt 'مردد'. What were the options, and what made it difficult to choose?
Reflect on a time you made a hesitant decision and its outcome. What did you learn from it?
Write about a character who is consistently 'مردد'. What are their challenges, and how do they cope?
Consider a decision you need to make soon. Are you feeling 'مردد'? Why or why not?
Explore the difference between being 'مردد' and being thoughtful. When does one cross into the other?
常见问题
10 个问题'مردد' is a general term for hesitant or indecisive. 'دودل' is more informal and often implies a greater degree of dithering or struggling to make up one's mind, sometimes suggesting a lack of firm resolve. Think of 'مردد' as simply unsure, and 'دودل' as really struggling to choose.
While there's overlap, 'مردد' primarily refers to indecision about an action or choice. For doubting the truth of something, words like 'شکاک' (skeptical) or 'نامطمئن' (uncertain) are often more precise. For example, 'من در مورد این خبر مردد هستم' could mean I'm unsure whether to believe it or act on it, but 'من در مورد این خبر شکاک هستم' more directly means I doubt its truthfulness.
A very common idiom for 'on the fence' is 'بین دو راهی ماندن' (beyn-e dūrāhī māndan - to be stuck at a crossroads). You can also use 'مردد بودن' (moraddad boodan - to be hesitant) in contexts where someone is undecided between two options.
'مردد' is generally a neutral descriptive word. It simply states a person's state of indecision. However, in contexts where decisiveness is crucial (like leadership), prolonged 'مردد' behavior might be viewed negatively. It's the situation and context that determine the connotation.
Yes, it can. For example, 'وضعیت اقتصادی مردد است' (The economic situation is uncertain/hesitant) or 'آینده پروژه مردد به نظر میرسد' (The future of the project seems uncertain). In these cases, it describes a state of ambiguity or lack of clear direction.
'مردد' is about the internal feeling of being unable to choose between options. 'بلاتکلیف' describes a state of being unresolved or in limbo, often waiting for an external decision or clarification, unable to proceed. You might be 'مردد' about accepting a job, but if the company hasn't given you an offer yet, you are 'بلاتکلیف'.
'مردد' itself is quite versatile and can be used in most registers. However, in very informal settings, 'دودل' or idioms might be more common. In highly formal settings, you might use more elaborate phrases like 'عدم قاطعیت' (lack of decisiveness) or 'تردید' (hesitation), but 'مردد' is still perfectly acceptable.
The most common verb is 'بودن' (to be), as in 'مردد بودن' (to be hesitant). Other verbs include 'شدن' (to become hesitant), 'ماندن' (to remain hesitant), and 'جواب دادن' (to answer hesitantly).
Generally, 'مردد' describes a current or future state of indecision. For past events, you'd more likely use words related to regret or second-guessing. However, you could say 'من در مورد اینکه آیا باید آن کار را میکردم یا نه، مردد بودم' (I was hesitant about whether I should have done that thing or not), focusing on the past indecision.
The most direct antonym is 'قاطع' (qāte'), meaning decisive. Other antonyms include 'مصمم' (mosammam - determined) and 'باثبات' (bā-sobāt - firm, steady).
自我测试 9 个问题
/ 9 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
'مردد' (moraddad) means hesitant or indecisive, describing someone who is unsure about what to do or choose, often pausing before acting.
- Hesitant, indecisive, doubtful.
- Unsure about making a choice or taking action.
- Wavering between options.
- Describes a state of uncertainty.
Context is Key
Remember that 'مردد' describes indecision. Pay attention to what the person is hesitant about. Is it a choice, an action, a belief, or a plan? The surrounding words will clarify the specific nuance.
Stress the Second Syllable
The word 'مردد' (moraddad) has the stress on the second syllable: mor-ADD-ad. Practicing this rhythm will make your pronunciation sound more natural to native Persian speakers.
Expand with Synonyms
While 'مردد' is versatile, learn related words like 'دودل' (dithering) and 'بلاتکلیف' (undecided/in limbo) to express finer shades of meaning and enrich your vocabulary.
Verb Agreement
When using 'مردد' with verbs like 'بودن' (to be) or 'شدن' (to become), ensure the verb conjugates correctly according to the subject's person and number. For example, 'من مردد هستم' but 'آنها مردد بودند'.
相关内容
更多emotions词汇
عاشق
A1爱上某人或对某事充满热情。
عاشق بودن
A2爱上某人或某事；对...充满激情。
عاشق شدن
A2爱上某人 (Ài shàng mǒu rén).
عاشقانه
B1以充满爱意或浪漫的方式。
عاطفه
A2情感，关爱。她对孩子们充满了关爱。
اعتقاد
A2坚定的信念或信仰。例如：“我坚信教育的力量。” (من به قدرت آموزش اعتقاد راسخ دارم。)
اعتماد
A2Trust, confidence, reliance.
اعتماد کردن
A2To trust; to rely on.
عجب
B1表示惊奇或惊讶的感叹词；真奇怪！
عجول
A1急躁的，失去耐心的。指那些不能等待、容易因延迟而烦躁或行动过于仓促的人。
