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نگاه داشتن

A2 verb #2,000 最常用 7分钟阅读

نگاه داشتن

negah dashtan 前2,000

开始练习例句笔记与提示 نگاه داشتن 30秒了解

解析 نگاه داشتن in your Level:

At the A1 level, 'نگاه داشتن' (usually heard as 'negah dāshtan') is most commonly used in very simple, concrete situations. You will encounter it when someone asks you to hold something for a moment, like a bag or a phone. It is also the most important word to know when using transportation; you say 'negah dār' to tell a taxi or bus driver to stop. At this stage, focus on the imperative form 'نگه دار' (Stop/Hold) and the simple past 'نگه داشتم' (I kept/held). You don't need to worry about complex abstract meanings yet. Just remember: it means 'to hold' or 'to stop'.

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At the A2 level, you begin to use 'نگاه داشتن' for more than just physical holding. You can use it to talk about keeping things in specific states, like 'keeping a room clean' (otāq rā tamiz negāh dāštan) or 'keeping food cold.' You also start to see it in compound sentences. You should be able to conjugate it in the present tense (negāh mi-dāram) and the past tense (negāh dāštam). This level also introduces the idea of 'keeping' a secret or 'keeping' a promise, though these are still quite concrete in the mind of an A2 learner.

By B1, you should be comfortable using 'نگاه داشتن' in abstract contexts. This includes maintaining a certain speed while driving, keeping a healthy lifestyle, or holding onto a specific opinion. You will also notice the difference between the formal 'نگاه داشتن' and the informal 'نگه داشتن' in various texts. You should be able to use it with a wider range of adjectives and in different tenses, including the present perfect (negāh dāšte-am). You also start to understand its role in more complex social interactions, such as 'keeping' someone waiting.

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At the B2 level, you use 'نگاه داشتن' to discuss more complex topics like 'maintaining balance' in life or 'keeping the peace' in a community. You are expected to understand the nuance between this verb and its synonyms like 'hifz kardan' or 'pāsdāri kardan.' You can use it in passive constructions or in the subjunctive mood (negāh dāram). Your vocabulary should include common collocations like 'keeping appearances' or 'maintaining a lead' in a competition. You also begin to recognize its use in more formal literature and news broadcasts.

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At the C1 level, 'نگاه داشتن' is used to express sophisticated concepts such as 'preserving cultural heritage' or 'maintaining a certain level of excellence.' You understand the historical and etymological roots of the word and how it has evolved. You can use it in highly formal writing, such as academic papers or legal documents, where 'maintenance' of a law or 'keeping' of a contract is discussed. You are also sensitive to the rhythmic and poetic qualities of the verb in Persian literature, where it might be used metaphorically to describe the soul or the heart.

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At the C2 level, your mastery of 'نگاه داشتن' is near-native. You can use it to convey subtle shades of meaning, such as the difference between 'holding' power and 'maintaining' it. You are familiar with archaic or highly literary uses of the verb in classical Persian poetry (like Rumi or Hafez). You can use it in complex rhetorical structures and understand its role in the deepest layers of Persian cultural and philosophical discourse. You can effortlessly switch between the most colloquial 'negah dār' and the most formal 'negāh dāštan' depending on the social context.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

نگاه داشتن 30秒了解

A versatile verb meaning to keep, hold, or maintain.
Used physically (holding a bag) and abstractly (keeping a secret).
Essential for daily life, especially for telling taxi drivers to stop.
The colloquial form 'negah dāštan' is more common in speech than the formal 'negāh dāštan'.

The Persian verb نگاه داشتن (negāh dāštan) is a fundamental compound verb that literally translates to 'to hold a look' or 'to keep a gaze,' but its functional meaning in modern Persian is 'to keep,' 'to maintain,' or 'to preserve.' At its core, it signifies the act of preventing something from moving, changing, or being lost. Whether you are holding a physical object in your hand, keeping a secret in your mind, or maintaining a specific speed while driving, this verb is your primary tool. It is composed of the noun 'negāh' (look/glance) and the auxiliary verb 'dāštan' (to have/hold). Historically, the transition from 'holding a gaze' to 'holding an object' reflects the Persian linguistic tendency to use sensory perceptions to describe physical or abstract states of possession and maintenance.

Core Semantic Value: The primary function is the preservation of state or possession. It implies an active effort to ensure something remains in its current condition or location.

لطفاً این کتاب را برای من نگاه دار تا برگردم.

Translation: Please keep this book for me until I return.

In a broader context, this verb covers the spectrum from physical stopping (like a car) to abstract maintenance (like a promise). It is essential to distinguish it from its shorter, more colloquial form, نگه داشتن (negeh dāštan), which is ubiquitous in daily conversation. While 'negāh dāštan' is the formal and literary standard, 'negeh dāštan' is what you will hear on the streets of Tehran. This verb also carries a nuance of protection; when you 'keep' something, you are often guarding it against external forces or the passage of time.

Morphological Breakdown: Negāh (Noun: Look) + Dāštan (Verb: To have). In compound verbs, the first part provides the specific meaning, while the second provides the grammatical framework.

او توانست خونسردی خود را نگاه دارد.

Translation: He was able to maintain/keep his composure.

Using نگاه داشتن correctly requires an understanding of Persian compound verb conjugation. The verb 'dāštan' is irregular in the present tense, and this irregularity carries over to 'negāh dāštan.' The present stem is dār (دار) and the past stem is dāšt (داشت). When you want to say 'I keep,' you say نگاه می‌دارم (negāh mi-dāram), though in modern usage, the 'mi-' prefix is often omitted with 'dāštan' derivatives in the simple present, resulting in نگاه می‌دارم or simply نگه می‌دارم in speech.

Grammar Focus: Transitivity: This is a transitive verb, meaning it usually requires a direct object marked by 'rā' (را). For example: 'ماشین را نگاه دار' (Stop the car).

ما باید محیط زیست را سالم نگاه داریم.

Translation: We must keep the environment healthy.

In imperative forms, you use the present stem. To tell someone to 'Keep it!' or 'Hold it!', you say نگاه دار! (Negāh dār!). In colloquial speech, this becomes نگه دار! (Negeh dār!). This is the standard command given to taxi drivers when you want them to stop. It is also used in the context of 'saving' files on a computer, although 'zakhireh kardan' is more technical. The versatility of this verb allows it to be paired with adjectives to mean 'keeping something [adjective],' such as 'keeping something clean' (pāk negāh dāštan) or 'keeping something warm' (garm negāh dāštan).

آیا می‌توانی یک راز را نگاه داری؟

Translation: Can you keep a secret?

You will encounter نگاه داشتن in a variety of settings, ranging from the most mundane to the highly formal. In the streets of Iran, the most common place to hear its colloquial variant is inside a taxi. When a passenger reaches their destination, they shout آقا نگه دار! (Sir, stop/keep [the car] here!). In this context, it functions as a synonym for 'stop.' In a more formal setting, such as a museum or a library, you might see signs that say سکوت را نگاه دارید (Maintain silence), though 'reāyat kardan' (to observe) is also common.

Daily Life: The Taxi: The phrase 'Negah dār' is the universal signal for a driver to pull over. It is often preceded by 'kenār' (side), as in 'kenār نگه دار' (pull over to the side).

همین‌جا نگه دارید، لطفا.

Translation: Please stop/keep it right here.

In literature and poetry, 'negāh dāštan' is used to describe the preservation of love, memories, or traditions. A poet might speak of 'keeping the fire of love alive' (ātaš-e ešq rā negāh dāštan). In modern media, you'll hear it in news reports concerning the 'maintenance' of diplomatic relations or the 'holding' of territory during a conflict. In the digital world, while 'save' is often translated as 'zakhireh,' you might still hear people talk about 'keeping' a copy of a file using this verb.

او خاطرات قدیمی را در قلبش نگاه می‌داشت.

Translation: She used to keep old memories in her heart.

The most frequent mistake learners make with نگاه داشتن is confusing it with نگاه کردن (negāh kardan). While they both share the root 'negāh' (look), their meanings are entirely different. 'Negāh kardan' means 'to look at' or 'to watch,' whereas 'negāh dāštan' means 'to keep' or 'to hold.' Saying 'من به تلویزیون نگاه داشتم' would mean 'I kept the television' (perhaps in a physical sense), rather than 'I watched the television.'

Confusion: Kardan vs. Dāštan: Kardan (to do/make) implies an action directed at something; Dāštan (to have/hold) implies a state of possession or maintenance.

Incorrect: من عکس را نگاه کردم. (I looked at the photo - when you meant to say you kept it.)
Correct: من عکس را نگاه داشتم. (I kept the photo.)

Another common error is the incorrect use of the 'mi-' prefix in the present tense. Because 'dāštan' is a unique verb in Persian that often drops the 'mi-' in the simple present (e.g., 'dāram' instead of 'mi-dāram'), many learners forget that in the compound form 'negāh dāštan,' the 'mi-' is technically required in formal writing (negāh mi-dāram), though it is frequently dropped in speech. Furthermore, learners often confuse 'negāh dāštan' with 'hifz kardan' (to memorize/preserve). While 'hifz kardan' is used for memorizing a poem or preserving a heritage, 'negāh dāštan' is more for physical keeping or immediate stopping.

To truly master نگاه داشتن, you must understand how it relates to other Persian verbs that share the semantic space of 'keeping' or 'holding.' The most common synonym is حفظ کردن (hifz kardan), which leans more towards 'preservation' or 'memorization.' While you 'keep' (negāh dāštan) a physical key, you 'preserve' (hifz kardan) your dignity or 'memorize' (hifz kardan) a phone number.

Comparison: Negāh Dāštan vs. Hifz Kardan: Negāh Dāštan: Physical holding, stopping a car, keeping a secret. Hifz Kardan: Memorizing, protecting from danger, long-term preservation.

او فاصله را نگاه داشت (He kept the distance) vs. او شعر را حفظ کرد (He memorized the poem).

Another related verb is نگهبانی کردن (negahbāni kardan), which means 'to guard' or 'to watch over.' This is more active and professional than simply 'keeping.' There is also متوقف کردن (motavaqqef kardan), which specifically means 'to stop' in a formal or mechanical sense. While you can use 'negāh dāštan' to tell a driver to stop, 'motavaqqef kardan' would be used in a police report: 'The police stopped the vehicle.' Understanding these nuances allows you to choose the word that best fits the level of formality and the specific type of 'keeping' you intend to convey.

How Formal Is It?

难度评级

需要掌握的语法

Compound verb formation

Direct object marker 'rā'

Present stem vs. Past stem

Omission of 'mi-' in 'dāštan' compounds

Imperative mood

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按水平分级的例句

لطفاً این کیف را نگاه دار.

Please hold this bag.

Imperative form.

آقا، همین‌جا نگه دارید!

Sir, stop right here!

Colloquial usage for stopping a vehicle.

من کتاب را نگاه داشتم.

I held the book.

Simple past tense.

او توپ را نگاه می‌دارد.

He is holding the ball.

Present continuous (formal).

این را برای من نگاه دار.

Keep/hold this for me.

Simple imperative.

آیا می‌توانی این را نگاه داری؟

Can you hold this?

Question with modal verb 'tavānestan'.

او دست مرا نگاه داشت.

He held my hand.

Simple past.

ماشین را نگاه دار!

Stop the car!

Direct object with 'rā'.

من همیشه اتاقم را تمیز نگاه می‌دارم.

I always keep my room clean.

Adjective + verb construction.

او راز مرا نگاه داشت.

He kept my secret.

Abstract usage of 'keeping'.

باید غذا را سرد نگاه داریم.

We must keep the food cold.

Modal verb 'bāyad'.

آن‌ها فاصله را نگاه داشتند.

They kept the distance.

Physical distance.

لطفاً در را باز نگاه دارید.

Please keep the door open.

Adjective 'bāz' (open).

او قولش را نگاه نداشت.

He didn't keep his promise.

Negative past tense.

ما باید امیدمان را نگاه داریم.

We must keep our hope.

Abstract object 'omid' (hope).

چرا این لباس قدیمی را نگاه داشتی؟

Why did you keep this old dress?

Interrogative past tense.

راننده سرعت ماشین را ثابت نگاه داشت.

The driver kept the car's speed constant.

Technical maintenance of state.

او سعی کرد خونسردی‌اش را نگاه دارد.

He tried to keep his composure.

Compound verb 'sa'y kardan' + infinitive.

این دارو را در جای خشک نگاه دارید.

Keep this medicine in a dry place.

Instructional imperative.

آن‌ها سنت‌های خود را نگاه داشته‌اند.

They have kept their traditions.

Present perfect tense.

او همیشه ظاهر را نگاه می‌دارد.

He always keeps up appearances.

Idiomatic usage.

چگونه می‌توانیم مشتریان را راضی نگاه داریم؟

How can we keep the customers satisfied?

Business context.

او یادداشت‌هایش را برای سال‌ها نگاه داشت.

He kept his notes for years.

Duration of action.

ما باید تعادل را در زندگی نگاه داریم.

We must maintain balance in life.

Abstract concept 'ta'ādol'.

دولت سعی دارد قیمت‌ها را پایین نگاه دارد.

The government is trying to keep prices low.

Political/Economic context.

او با مهارت تمام کنترل اوضاع را نگاه داشت.

He kept control of the situation with total skill.

Abstract maintenance of control.

باید احترام متقابل را در محیط کار نگاه داشت.

Mutual respect must be maintained in the workplace.

Passive-like construction with 'bāyad'.

او خاطره آن روز را در ذهن خود نگاه داشت.

She kept the memory of that day in her mind.

Mental preservation.

ورزشکار توانست رکورد خود را نگاه دارد.

The athlete was able to keep/hold his record.

Competitive context.

آن‌ها تلاش کردند صلح را در منطقه نگاه دارند.

They tried to maintain peace in the region.

Geopolitical usage.

او همیشه فاصله ایمنی را نگاه می‌دارد.

He always maintains a safe distance.

Safety regulation.

چگونه می‌توان این گل‌ها را تازه نگاه داشت؟

How can these flowers be kept fresh?

Biological preservation.

نویسنده توانسته است لحن طنزآمیز داستان را تا پایان نگاه دارد.

The author has managed to maintain the story's humorous tone until the end.

Literary analysis.

حفظ و نگاه داشتن میراث فرهنگی وظیفه همگانی است.

Preserving and maintaining cultural heritage is a universal duty.

Formal/Academic usage.

او با وجود فشارهای زیاد، استقلال رای خود را نگاه داشت.

Despite great pressure, he maintained his independence of opinion.

Political/Intellectual independence.

این بنای تاریخی به خوبی نگاه داشته شده است.

This historical building has been well-maintained.

Passive voice.

باید حرمت نان و نمک را نگاه داشت.

One must maintain the sanctity of 'bread and salt' (hospitality).

Cultural idiom.

او در تمام مدت بازجویی، سکوت خود را نگاه داشت.

He maintained his silence throughout the interrogation.

Legal/Dramatic context.

تکنولوژی جدید به ما کمک می‌کند تا انرژی را بهتر نگاه داریم.

New technology helps us to better conserve/keep energy.

Scientific context.

او پیوند خود را با ریشه‌هایش نگاه داشته است.

He has kept his connection with his roots.

Metaphorical usage.

عارفان بر این باورند که باید حضور قلب را در نماز نگاه داشت.

Mystics believe that one must maintain the presence of the heart during prayer.

Spiritual/Philosophical context.

او در آثارش، توازن میان فرم و محتوا را به دقت نگاه داشته است.

In his works, he has carefully maintained the balance between form and content.

Artistic criticism.

نگاه داشتن کرامت انسانی در شرایط بحرانی، آزمونی دشوار است.

Maintaining human dignity in crisis situations is a difficult test.

Ethical/Philosophical discourse.

شاعر با استفاده از استعاره، ابهام متن را نگاه می‌دارد.

The poet maintains the text's ambiguity through the use of metaphor.

Literary theory.

او توانست در اوج قدرت، تواضع خود را نگاه دارد.

He was able to maintain his humility at the height of power.

Moral/Historical narrative.

نگاه داشتن حریم خصوصی در عصر دیجیتال چالش‌برانگیز است.

Maintaining privacy in the digital age is challenging.

Contemporary social issue.

او عهد خود را با معشوق تا پای جان نگاه داشت.

He kept his covenant with the beloved until his last breath.

Classical literary style.

قانون‌گذار باید عدالت را در وضع قوانین نگاه دارد.

The legislator must maintain justice in the enactment of laws.

Legal philosophy.

常见搭配

راز را نگاه داشتن

قول را نگاه داشتن

فاصله را نگاه داشتن

سکوت را نگاه داشتن

تمیز نگاه داشتن

سالم نگاه داشتن

ثابت نگاه داشتن

ماشین را نگاه داشتن

احترام را نگاه داشتن

امید را نگاه داشتن

常用短语

نگه دار!

خونسردی خود را نگاه داشتن

ظاهر را نگاه داشتن

حرمت کسی را نگاه داشتن

یاد کسی را نگاه داشتن

فاصله ایمنی را نگاه داشتن

در را باز نگاه داشتن

غذا را گرم نگاه داشتن

حقوق را نگاه داشتن

نظم را نگاه داشتن

容易混淆的词

نگاه داشتن vs نگاه کردن

نگاه داشتن vs داشتن

نگاه داشتن vs حفظ کردن

习语与表达

"حرمت نان و نمک را نگاه داشتن"

"ظاهر را نگاه داشتن"

"زبان نگاه داشتن"

"دل کسی را نگاه داشتن"

"چشم نگاه داشتن"

"حساب کار را نگاه داشتن"

"سر رشته را نگاه داشتن"

"حد خود را نگاه داشتن"

"دم را نگاه داشتن"

"رشته کلام را نگاه داشتن"

容易混淆

نگاه داشتن vs

句型

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如何使用

mechanical

Used for stopping machinery or vehicles.

colloquialism

'Negeh dāštan' is the standard spoken form.

常见错误

Using 'negāh dāštan' instead of 'negāh kardan' to mean 'to look'.
Forgetting the 'rā' after the object.
Using the wrong present stem (e.g., 'negāh dāsh' instead of 'negāh dār').
Confusing it with 'gozāštan' (to put/place).
Mispronouncing 'negāh' as 'negah' in formal contexts.

小贴士

The 'rā' Rule

Always use 'rā' when you are keeping a specific object.

Taxi Talk

Practice saying 'Negah dār' with a rising intonation for taxis.

Compound Power

Learn 'negāh' as a root for many words like 'negahbān' (guard).

Visual Link

Imagine your eyes (negāh) holding (dāštan) an object in place.

Respect

Use 'ehtiram negah dāštan' to show you understand Persian social values.

Formal vs Informal

Stick to 'negāh' in essays and 'negeh' in text messages.

Stem Recognition

Listen for the 'dār' stem in commands.

Adjective Combo

Pair it with 'garm' (warm) or 'sard' (cold) for food.

Don't Look!

Don't confuse it with 'negāh kardan' (to look).

Subjunctive

In the subjunctive, it becomes 'negāh dāram' (e.g., 'mi-khāham negāh dāram').

记住它

词源

Middle Persian 'negāh' (glance/care) + 'dāštan' (to have).

文化背景

'Del negāh dāštan' is a key concept in Persian emotional intelligence.

The phrase 'حرمت نان و نمک' refers to the deep bond created by sharing a meal.

在生活中练习

真实语境

对话开场白

"چگونه می‌توانیم محیط زیست را تمیز نگاه داریم؟"

"آیا می‌توانی یک راز بزرگ را نگاه داری؟"

"بهترین راه برای نگاه داشتن سلامتی چیست؟"

"چرا بعضی‌ها قول خود را نگاه نمی‌دارند؟"

"چگونه خاطرات خوب را در ذهن نگاه می‌دارید؟"

日记主题

چیزی را که سال‌هاست نگاه داشته‌ای توصیف کن.

درباره زمانی بنویس که کسی قولش را نگاه نداشت.

چگونه خونسردی خود را در شرایط سخت نگاه می‌داری؟

اهمیت نگاه داشتن سنت‌های قدیمی چیست؟

یک راز که همیشه نگاه داشته‌ای (بدون فاش کردن آن) را توصیف کن.

常见问题

10 个问题

'Negāh dāštan' is generally for physical holding or maintaining a state, while 'hifz kardan' is for memorization or preservation of abstract things like heritage.

No, that would be 'negāh kardan'. 'Negāh dāštan' means to keep or hold.

Simply say 'Negah dār!' or more politely 'Lotfan negah dārid'.

Yes, it is the common colloquial version of 'negāh dāštan'.

It can, but 'zakhireh kardan' is more common in technical contexts.

Yes, 'negah dāštan-e heyvān' is correct for keeping/raising a pet.

The present stem is 'negāh dār'.

Yes, it usually takes the object marker 'rā'.

No, but 'negah dāštan' can mean 'to keep someone waiting' (montazer negah dāštan).

You might say 'Hamintoori edāmeh de' (Continue like this), as 'negāh dāštan' doesn't fit perfectly there.

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