نهر 30秒了解
- نهر (nahr) means stream, canal, or small river.
- It refers to a flowing channel of water, smaller than a river.
- Commonly used for natural streams and irrigation canals.
- Important in rural areas, agriculture, and descriptions of nature.
The Persian word 'نهر' (pronounced 'nahr') is a versatile noun that refers to a flowing body of water, typically smaller than a river. It can translate to 'stream,' 'canal,' or 'small river' depending on the context. Think of it as a natural or man-made channel for water to flow through.
- Stream
- A natural flow of water, often in a channel, smaller than a river. Imagine a babbling brook in a forest.
- Canal
- An artificial waterway constructed to allow the passage of boats inland or to convey water for irrigation. Think of the canals in Venice, though Persian canals are often for water distribution.
- Small River
- A body of flowing water that is significant but not as large as a major river. It could be a tributary or a river in a more rural setting.
In Persian culture, water sources are incredibly important, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. 'نهر' often evokes images of life, irrigation, and sustenance. You'll hear it used in descriptions of rural landscapes, agricultural areas, and even in historical contexts where ancient irrigation systems were crucial. It’s a common word that paints a vivid picture of water moving through the land.
مردم در کنار نهر قدم میزدند.
The word is deeply connected to the geography and history of Iran and other Persian-speaking regions. Many ancient cities and villages were built near sources of water, and 'نهر' would have been a vital part of their infrastructure. Today, it continues to be used to describe natural watercourses and engineered channels alike, making it a fundamental word for understanding the landscape and daily life.
Using 'نهر' in sentences is straightforward, as it functions as a noun. You can use it as the subject, object, or part of a prepositional phrase. Its meaning can be slightly nuanced based on the surrounding words, but generally, it refers to a channel of flowing water.
Subject of a sentence: Here, 'نهر' is performing the action or being described.
The نهر was full of clear water.
Object of a sentence: 'نهر' is receiving the action.
They built a bridge over the نهر.
With prepositions: Often used with prepositions like 'در' (in, at), 'کنار' (beside), 'از' (from), 'به' (to).
Children were playing near the نهر.
Describing its nature: You can add adjectives to describe the 'نهر'.
The narrow نهر flowed through the village.
When constructing your own sentences, try to use 'نهر' in different grammatical roles to solidify your understanding. Consider the context: is it a natural feature, an irrigation channel, or a source of water for a community?
The word 'نهر' is commonly heard in various settings, reflecting its importance in the Persian-speaking world. You'll encounter it most frequently in contexts related to geography, nature, and agriculture.
Rural Areas and Villages: This is perhaps the most common place to hear 'نهر'. Descriptions of village life, farming, and the natural surroundings often involve 'نهر'. Farmers might discuss the flow of water from a 'نهر' to irrigate their crops, or people might gather near a 'نهر' for recreation.
The sound of the نهر was very peaceful.
Discussions about Water Management and Irrigation: In regions where water is a precious resource, 'نهر' is a key term in conversations about how water is distributed, managed, and used for agriculture. You might hear discussions about maintaining canals or allocating water from a 'نهر'.
Travel and Tourism: When describing natural attractions or historical sites, especially those with water features, 'نهر' is frequently used. Travel guides or locals might point out a beautiful 'نهر' as a point of interest.
We followed the نهر to find the old mill.
Literature and Poetry: Persian literature and poetry often use natural imagery, and 'نهر' appears frequently to symbolize life, purity, or the passage of time. You might read about a poet sitting by a 'نهر' or use it metaphorically.
News and Documentaries: Reports on environmental issues, agricultural projects, or historical water systems in Iran and neighboring countries will likely use the term 'نهر'.
Even in urban settings, 'نهر' might be used to refer to smaller, often ornamental, water channels or historical canals that have been preserved. So, keep an ear out for it in a variety of contexts, from the most rustic to the more developed settings.
While 'نهر' is a common word, learners might make a few mistakes when using or understanding it. These often stem from confusing it with similar terms or misinterpreting its specific meaning in different contexts.
1. Confusing 'نهر' with 'رودخانه' (river):
The most frequent confusion is between 'نهر' and 'رودخانه'. While both refer to flowing water, 'رودخانه' is generally larger and more significant. 'نهر' is typically smaller, like a stream or a canal. Using 'نهر' for a massive river like the Aras might be inaccurate, and using 'رودخانه' for a small irrigation channel would also be a mismatch.
Mistake: The رودخانه was very narrow.
Correct Usage:
Correct: The نهر was very narrow.
2. Overgeneralizing 'Canal':
While 'نهر' can mean 'canal,' it's not exclusively for man-made waterways. It can also refer to natural streams. If you only associate 'نهر' with canals, you might miss its usage for natural water bodies. Conversely, if you use it for any man-made channel, you might overlook its use for natural streams.
3. Ignoring Contextual Nuances:
The specific type of 'نهر' (natural stream vs. man-made canal) often depends on the context. For example, in an agricultural setting, 'نهر' is very likely to refer to an irrigation canal. In a natural landscape description, it's more likely a stream. Failing to consider the surrounding words can lead to misinterpretation.
4. Pronunciation Errors:
While generally straightforward, slight mispronunciations might occur. Ensure you are pronouncing the 'ن' (noon) and the 'ه' (he) correctly. The stress is usually on the second syllable.
Learning the distinction between 'نهر' and 'رودخانه' is crucial. Think of 'نهر' as the more general term for a smaller water channel, encompassing both natural streams and man-made canals, whereas 'رودخانه' is specifically for larger rivers.
Understanding 'نهر' is enhanced by knowing words that are similar in meaning or often used in related contexts. This helps in choosing the most precise term and appreciating the nuances of Persian vocabulary.
- رودخانه (Rudkhāneh)
- This is the most common alternative and means 'river'. It refers to a larger, more significant body of flowing water than a 'نهر'. You would use 'رودخانه' for the Thames or the Nile, while 'نهر' would be appropriate for a small stream in a park or an irrigation channel.
Example Comparison:
A large river: رودخانه کارون بسیار پرآب است. (The Karun river is very full of water.)
A small stream: نهر کوچکی در کنار خانه ما جاری بود. (A small stream flowed beside our house.)
- جوی (Joy)
- This word is very similar to 'نهر' but often implies an even smaller channel, like a tiny stream, a ditch, or a gutter. It's more informal and can sometimes refer to a trickle of water. Think of water flowing in a small channel in a garden or a drainage ditch.
Example Comparison:
A small ditch: آب در جوی کنار خیابان جمع شده بود. (Water had collected in the ditch beside the street.)
A small stream: نهر پرندگان را به خود جذب میکرد. (The stream attracted the birds.) - Here, 'نهر' implies a slightly more substantial watercourse than 'جوی'.
- کانال (Kānāl)
- This is a loanword from English and is used specifically for artificial waterways, canals built for navigation, irrigation, or drainage. While 'نهر' can mean canal, 'کانال' is exclusively for man-made ones and often implies a larger scale or specific purpose (like a shipping canal).
Example Comparison:
A large irrigation canal: کانال آب از کوهستان سرچشمه میگیرد. (The water canal originates from the mountains.)
A natural stream: نهر در جنگل جریان داشت. (The stream flowed in the forest.)
- آبراه (Ābrāh)
- This is a more general term for a 'waterway' or 'channel'. It can encompass rivers, canals, and streams, but it's often used in a more technical or geographical sense. 'نهر' is a more common and specific term for a small river or stream.
Example Comparison:
A general waterway: این منطقه دارای آبراههای طبیعی زیادی است. (This area has many natural waterways.)
A specific stream: نهر اطراف شهر قدیمی بود. (The stream was around the old city.)
By understanding these related terms, you can more accurately describe different types of watercourses in Persian and better comprehend texts or conversations that mention them.
How Formal Is It?
趣味小知识
The root 'ن ه ر' in Arabic also gives us words related to 'day' (نهار - nahār), possibly due to the idea of water flowing visibly like daylight. However, in Persian, 'نهر' specifically retains the meaning of a water channel.
发音指南
- Mispronouncing the 'a' sound: Learners might use a short 'a' like in 'cat'. It should be an open 'ah' sound.
- Omitting the final 'r': Ensure the 'r' sound is articulated.
- Confusing with similar-sounding words: Pay attention to the exact vowel and consonant sounds.
难度评级
The word 'نهر' is relatively common in everyday reading materials. Its meaning is usually clear from context, especially when compared to 'رودخانه'. Understanding its nuances in more literary or technical texts might require a higher level.
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前置知识
接下来学习
高级
需要掌握的语法
Using 'است' (is) with nouns and adjectives.
نهر زلال است. (The stream is clear.)
Using prepositions like 'در' (in/at), 'کنار' (beside), 'روی' (on/over), 'از' (from), 'به' (to/into).
ما کنار نهر نشستیم. (We sat beside the stream.)
Past tense verbs.
آنها روی نهر پل ساختند. (They built a bridge over the stream.)
Present tense verbs.
نهر آب دارد. (The stream has water.)
Using compound nouns.
نهر زیرزمینی در این منطقه کشف شد. (An underground stream was discovered in this region.)
按水平分级的例句
آب در نهر است.
Water is in the stream.
Simple sentence structure with 'است' (is).
نهر کوچک است.
The stream is small.
Adjective 'کوچک' (small) describing the noun 'نهر'.
من نهر را دیدم.
I saw the stream.
Past tense verb 'دیدم' (I saw).
کنار نهر برویم.
Let's go beside the stream.
Imperative/suggestion form 'برویم' (let's go).
نهر پر از آب است.
The stream is full of water.
Prepositional phrase 'پر از' (full of).
این یک نهر است.
This is a stream.
Demonstrative pronoun 'این' (this).
نهر آرام است.
The stream is calm.
Adjective 'آرام' (calm).
آب نهر تمیز است.
The stream's water is clean.
Possessive structure (implied) 'آب نهر'.
ما در کنار نهر قدم زدیم.
We walked beside the stream.
Past tense verb 'قدم زدیم' (we walked) and preposition 'کنار' (beside).
این نهر به دریا میریزد.
This stream flows into the sea.
Verb 'میریزد' (flows/empties into) and preposition 'به' (to/into).
کشاورزان از نهر برای آبیاری استفاده میکنند.
Farmers use the stream for irrigation.
Noun 'کشاورزان' (farmers), verb 'استفاده میکنند' (they use), and prepositional phrase 'برای آبیاری' (for irrigation).
صدای آب در نهر بسیار دلنشین بود.
The sound of the water in the stream was very pleasant.
Adjective 'دلنشین' (pleasant) and noun phrase 'صدای آب در نهر' (the sound of water in the stream).
آنها یک پل کوچک روی نهر ساختند.
They built a small bridge over the stream.
Past tense verb 'ساختند' (they built) and preposition 'روی' (on/over).
نهر از میان باغ عبور میکرد.
The stream passed through the garden.
Verb 'عبور میکرد' (was passing) and prepositional phrase 'از میان باغ' (through the garden).
آب نهر گلآلود شده بود.
The stream water had become muddy.
Adjective 'گلآلود' (muddy) and verb 'شده بود' (had become).
در تابستان، نهر کمآب میشود.
In summer, the stream becomes low in water.
Adverbial phrase 'در تابستان' (in summer) and adjective 'کمآب' (low in water).
احداث نهر جدید برای تأمین آب مناطق خشک ضروری است.
The construction of a new canal is essential for supplying water to arid regions.
Noun 'احداث' (construction), adjective 'جدید' (new), and complex noun phrase 'تأمین آب مناطق خشک' (supplying water to arid regions).
بسیاری از روستاهای قدیمی در کنار نهرهای پرآب بنا شدهاند.
Many old villages have been built beside abundant streams.
Past participle 'بنا شدهاند' (have been built) and adjective 'پرآب' (abundant/water-rich).
پس از باران شدید، سطح آب نهر به طور قابل توجهی افزایش یافت.
After the heavy rain, the water level of the stream increased significantly.
Adverb 'به طور قابل توجهی' (significantly) and verb 'افزایش یافت' (increased).
مسیر نهر از میان کوهستان میگذرد و منظرهای زیبا ایجاد میکند.
The course of the stream passes through the mountains, creating a beautiful landscape.
Noun 'مسیر' (course/path), verb 'میگذرد' (passes), and noun phrase 'منظرهای زیبا' (a beautiful landscape).
برای تفریح، خانوادهها اغلب در اطراف نهرهای آرام پیکنیک میکنند.
For recreation, families often have picnics around calm streams.
Adverb 'اغلب' (often), noun 'تفریح' (recreation), and verb 'پیکنیک میکنند' (have picnics).
آلودگی نهر تهدیدی جدی برای اکوسیستم منطقه است.
The pollution of the stream is a serious threat to the region's ecosystem.
Noun 'آلودگی' (pollution), noun 'تهدید' (threat), and noun phrase 'اکوسیستم منطقه' (the region's ecosystem).
مهندسان در حال بررسی امکان انحراف بخشی از نهر برای مصارف صنعتی هستند.
Engineers are studying the possibility of diverting part of the stream for industrial uses.
Noun 'مهندسان' (engineers), verb 'بررسی میکنند' (are studying), and noun phrase 'امکان انحراف' (possibility of diversion).
در فصل بهار، نهرهای کوهستانی پر از آب زلال میشوند.
In spring, mountain streams become full of clear water.
Adverbial phrase 'در فصل بهار' (in spring) and adjective 'زلال' (clear).
برنامهریزی شهری باید شامل حفظ و احیای نهرهای طبیعی باشد تا کیفیت زندگی افزایش یابد.
Urban planning should include the preservation and restoration of natural streams to improve the quality of life.
Complex sentence with passive voice 'باید شامل ... باشد' (should include) and purpose clause 'تا کیفیت زندگی افزایش یابد' (to improve quality of life).
تغییرات اقلیمی منجر به کاهش قابل ملاحظهای در دبی نهرهای فصلی شده است.
Climate change has led to a significant decrease in the flow rate of seasonal streams.
Noun 'تغییرات اقلیمی' (climate change), noun 'کاهش' (decrease), and noun phrase 'دبی نهرهای فصلی' (flow rate of seasonal streams).
استفاده بیرویه از منابع آبی، از جمله نهرهای زیرزمینی، باعث نگرانیهای زیستمحیطی شده است.
The indiscriminate use of water resources, including underground streams, has caused environmental concerns.
Adjective 'بیرویه' (indiscriminate), noun 'منابع آبی' (water resources), and noun phrase 'نگرانیهای زیستمحیطی' (environmental concerns).
باستانشناسان بقایای سیستمهای آبیاری باستانی را کشف کردهاند که از نهرهای طبیعی برای توزیع آب استفاده میکردند.
Archaeologists have discovered remnants of ancient irrigation systems that used natural streams for water distribution.
Noun 'باستانشناسان' (archaeologists), noun 'بقایای' (remnants), and noun phrase 'سیستمهای آبیاری باستانی' (ancient irrigation systems).
توسعه گردشگری پایدار در مناطق روستایی میتواند با بهرهبرداری مسئولانه از زیباییهای نهرهای محلی تقویت شود.
Sustainable tourism development in rural areas can be strengthened by the responsible utilization of the beauty of local streams.
Adjective 'پایدار' (sustainable), noun 'گردشگری' (tourism), and noun phrase 'بهرهبرداری مسئولانه' (responsible utilization).
تکنیکهای نوین تصفیه آب امکان استفاده مجدد از آب نهرهای آلوده را فراهم میآورند.
Modern water purification techniques enable the reuse of water from polluted streams.
Noun 'تکنیکهای نوین' (modern techniques), verb 'فراهم میآورند' (enable/provide), and noun phrase 'استفاده مجدد' (reuse).
نقش نهرهای شهری در کاهش اثر جزیره گرمایی و بهبود کیفیت هوا نباید نادیده گرفته شود.
The role of urban streams in reducing the heat island effect and improving air quality should not be overlooked.
Noun 'نقش' (role), noun phrase 'اثر جزیره گرمایی' (heat island effect), and passive construction 'نباید نادیده گرفته شود' (should not be overlooked).
مطالعات هیدرولوژیکی نشان میدهند که میزان فرسایش بستر نهر در سالهای اخیر افزایش یافته است.
Hydrological studies indicate that the rate of stream bed erosion has increased in recent years.
Noun 'مطالعات هیدرولوژیکی' (hydrological studies), noun 'میزان فرسایش' (rate of erosion), and noun phrase 'بستر نهر' (stream bed).
پایداری زیستمحیطی حوضههای آبریز به شدت به سلامت نهرهای سطحی و زیرزمینی وابسته است.
The environmental sustainability of watersheds is highly dependent on the health of surface and underground streams.
Noun 'پایداری زیستمحیطی' (environmental sustainability), noun phrase 'حوضههای آبریز' (watersheds), and verb 'وابسته است' (is dependent).
تلاشهای بینالمللی برای احیای نهرهای مهم تاریخی، که زمانی شریانهای حیاتی تجارت بودند، در حال افزایش است.
International efforts to revive important historical streams, which were once vital arteries of trade, are increasing.
Noun 'تلاشهای بینالمللی' (international efforts), relative clause 'که زمانی شریانهای حیاتی تجارت بودند' (which were once vital arteries of trade), and verb 'در حال افزایش است' (are increasing).
مدیریت منابع آب نیازمند درک عمیق از دینامیک جریان، رسوبگذاری و کیفیت شیمیایی نهرهای متعدد در یک منطقه است.
Water resource management requires a deep understanding of the dynamics of flow, sedimentation, and the chemical quality of numerous streams in a region.
Noun phrase 'مدیریت منابع آب' (water resource management), complex noun phrases 'دینامیک جریان، رسوبگذاری و کیفیت شیمیایی' (dynamics of flow, sedimentation, and chemical quality), and adjective 'متعدد' (numerous).
تغییر کاربری اراضی در بالادست میتواند اثرات مخربی بر کیفیت آب و زیستبوم نهرهای پاییندست داشته باشد.
Land-use change in the upstream areas can have detrimental effects on the water quality and ecosystem of downstream streams.
Noun phrase 'تغییر کاربری اراضی' (land-use change), noun 'بالادست' (upstream), noun 'پاییندست' (downstream), and adjective 'مخرب' (detrimental).
استراتژیهای حفاظتی باید بر حفظ پیوستگی زیستی نهرهای مهاجرت ماهیان و سایر گونههای آبزی تمرکز کنند.
Conservation strategies must focus on maintaining the ecological connectivity of streams critical for the migration of fish and other aquatic species.
Noun 'استراتژیهای حفاظتی' (conservation strategies), noun phrase 'پیوستگی زیستی' (ecological connectivity), and noun phrase 'نهرهای مهاجرت ماهیان' (streams for fish migration).
پدیدههای ژئومورفولوژیکی مانند پیچانرودها و دلتاها، حاصل تعامل طولانیمدت نهرهای پرتحرک با محیط پیرامون خود هستند.
Geomorphological phenomena such as meanders and deltas are the result of the long-term interaction of dynamic streams with their surrounding environment.
Noun phrase 'پدیدههای ژئومورفولوژیکی' (geomorphological phenomena), noun 'پیچانرودها' (meanders), noun 'دلتاها' (deltas), and adjective 'پرتحرک' (dynamic).
تحقیقات نشان میدهد که احداث سدهای کوچک بر روی نهرهای کوهستانی میتواند به تنظیم جریان و کاهش سیلاب کمک کند.
Research suggests that the construction of small dams on mountain streams can aid in regulating flow and mitigating floods.
Noun 'تحقیقات' (research), noun phrase 'سدهای کوچک' (small dams), and verb 'کمک کند' (can aid).
تأثیرات بلندمدت برداشت بیرویه از آب نهرهای زیرزمینی بر سطح سفرههای آب زیرزمینی همچنان موضوع بحثهای علمی است.
The long-term impacts of excessive withdrawal from underground streams on groundwater table levels remain a subject of scientific debate.
Noun phrase 'برداشت بیرویه' (excessive withdrawal), noun 'سطح سفرههای آب زیرزمینی' (groundwater table levels), and noun phrase 'موضوع بحثهای علمی' (subject of scientific debate).
پویایی هیدروژئومورفولوژیکی نهرهای فصلی در مناطق خشک، چالشهای پیچیدهای را در مدیریت منابع آب ایجاد میکند.
The hydrogeomorphological dynamics of ephemeral streams in arid regions pose complex challenges for water resource management.
Complex noun phrases 'پویایی هیدروژئومورفولوژیکی' (hydrogeomorphological dynamics) and 'نهرهای فصلی' (ephemeral streams), and noun phrase 'چالشهای پیچیده' (complex challenges).
تکامل اکوسیستمهای آبی و نقش نهرهای باستانی در شکلگیری تنوع زیستی مناطق، موضوع تحقیقات میانرشتهای گستردهای است.
The evolution of aquatic ecosystems and the role of ancient streams in shaping regional biodiversity are subjects of extensive interdisciplinary research.
Noun phrase 'تکامل اکوسیستمهای آبی' (evolution of aquatic ecosystems), noun 'تنوع زیستی' (biodiversity), and noun phrase 'تحقیقات میانرشتهای' (interdisciplinary research).
اثرات متقابل زیستمحیطی و اقتصادی تغییرات در رژیم جریان نهرهای بینالمللی، نیازمند رویکردهای دیپلماتیک و فنی هماهنگ است.
The reciprocal environmental and economic impacts of changes in the flow regime of international streams necessitate coordinated diplomatic and technical approaches.
Noun phrase 'اثرات متقابل' (reciprocal impacts), noun 'رژیم جریان' (flow regime), and noun phrase 'رویکردهای دیپلماتیک و فنی' (diplomatic and technical approaches).
تحلیلهای ژئوشیمیایی نشاندهنده ارتباط بین کیفیت آب نهرهای سطحی و فعالیتهای انسانی در حوضه آبریز است.
Geochemical analyses indicate a correlation between the water quality of surface streams and human activities within the watershed.
Noun phrase 'تحلیلهای ژئوشیمیایی' (geochemical analyses), noun 'ارتباط' (correlation), and noun phrase 'فعالیتهای انسانی' (human activities).
بهرغم تلاشهای صورت گرفته، مدیریت پایدار نهرهای شهری در کلانشهرها به دلیل پیچیدگیهای شهری و فشارهای توسعه، همچنان با موانع جدی روبروست.
Despite efforts made, the sustainable management of urban streams in metropolises still faces serious obstacles due to urban complexities and development pressures.
Adverbial phrase 'بهرغم تلاشهای صورت گرفته' (despite efforts made), noun phrase 'مدیریت پایدار' (sustainable management), and noun phrase 'پیچیدگیهای شهری' (urban complexities).
تأثیرات رسوبگذاری ناشی از تغییرات کاربری اراضی بر ظرفیت هدایت نهرهای مصنوعی، نیازمند پایش مستمر و اقدامات اصلاحی است.
The sedimentation impacts resulting from land-use changes on the conveyance capacity of artificial streams require continuous monitoring and corrective actions.
Noun phrase 'تأثیرات رسوبگذاری' (sedimentation impacts), noun 'ظرفیت هدایت' (conveyance capacity), and noun phrase 'اقدامات اصلاحی' (corrective actions).
فهم دینامیکهای تکاملی نهرهای آبرفتی در طول زمان، کلیدی برای پیشبینی الگوهای مهاجرت و پراکندگی گونههای آبزی است.
Understanding the evolutionary dynamics of alluvial streams over time is key to predicting migration patterns and the distribution of aquatic species.
Noun phrase 'دینامیکهای تکاملی' (evolutionary dynamics), noun 'نهرهای آبرفتی' (alluvial streams), and noun phrase 'الگوهای مهاجرت و پراکندگی' (migration and distribution patterns).
مواجه با چالشهای ناشی از تغییرات اقلیمی، مانند خشکسالیهای طولانیمدت، مستلزم بازنگری اساسی در الگوهای بهرهبرداری از نهرهای موجود است.
Confronting challenges arising from climate change, such as prolonged droughts, necessitates a fundamental re-evaluation of the exploitation patterns of existing streams.
Verb 'مواجه شدن با' (to confront), noun phrase 'تغییرات اقلیمی' (climate change), and noun phrase 'بازنگری اساسی' (fundamental re-evaluation).
常见搭配
常用短语
— Beside the stream/canal.
بچهها در کنار نهر بازی میکردند. (Children were playing beside the stream.)
— The water of the stream/canal.
آب نهر تمیز و خنک بود. (The water of the stream was clean and cool.)
— By the stream/canal.
ما کنار نهر نشستیم و از منظره لذت بردیم. (We sat by the stream and enjoyed the view.)
— Flowing stream/canal.
صدای نهر جاری آرامشبخش بود. (The sound of the flowing stream was soothing.)
— The course/path of the stream/canal.
مسیر نهر از میان کوهستان میگذرد. (The course of the stream passes through the mountains.)
— Bridge over the stream/canal.
آنها یک پل چوبی روی نهر ساختند. (They built a wooden bridge over the stream.)
— Crossing the stream/canal.
عبور از نهر بدون پل دشوار بود. (Crossing the stream without a bridge was difficult.)
— Artificial stream/canal.
این نهر مصنوعی برای آبیاری ساخته شده است. (This artificial canal was built for irrigation.)
容易混淆的词
'رودخانه' means river and is generally larger and more significant than a 'نهر'. While 'نهر' can sometimes mean a small river, 'رودخانه' is exclusively for larger rivers.
'کانال' is a loanword specifically for artificial canals, often used for navigation or large-scale irrigation. 'نهر' can mean canal but also refers to natural streams.
'جوی' refers to a very small stream, ditch, or trickle, typically smaller and less significant than a 'نهر'.
习语与表达
— The water has passed the stream; it's too late to do anything about it; the situation is irreversible.
دیگر نمیتوانیم جلوی این اتفاق را بگیریم، آب از نهر گذشته است. (We can no longer prevent this; the water has passed the stream.)
Informal— Flowing smoothly and easily; effortless.
سخنان او مثل آب نهر روان بود. (His words flowed like water from a stream.)
Neutral— A lot of blood was shed; a massacre occurred. (Literally: for blood to flow like a stream.)
در آن جنگ، نهر خون جاری شد. (In that war, rivers of blood flowed.)
Figurative/Strong— From a small beginning to a large scale; from humble origins to great success.
او از یک شغل ساده شروع کرد و امروز کسب و کارش از نهر تا دریا گسترش یافته است. (He started from a simple job, and today his business has expanded from a stream to the sea.)
Figurative— To muddy the waters; to create confusion or obscure the truth.
او با حرفهایش نهر را گلآلود کرد تا موضوع اصلی فراموش شود. (He muddied the waters with his words so that the main issue would be forgotten.)
Figurative— Water in the stream; implies something readily available or a common occurrence.
فرصتهای یادگیری مثل آب در نهر فراوان است. (Learning opportunities are abundant like water in a stream.)
Figurative— The stream of life; the continuous flow of existence.
همه ما در نهر زندگی شناوریم. (We are all floating in the stream of life.)
Poetic/Figurative— A stream of memories; a continuous flow of recollections.
با دیدن عکسها، نهر خاطرات در ذهنم جاری شد. (Seeing the photos, a stream of memories flowed in my mind.)
Poetic/Figurative— A stream of hope; a continuous source of optimism.
حتی در تاریکترین لحظات، نهر امید در دلش جاری بود. (Even in the darkest moments, a stream of hope flowed in his heart.)
Poetic/Figurative— A stream of tears; copious crying. (Literally: stream of tears.)
پس از شنیدن خبر بد، نهر اشک از چشمانش جاری شد. (After hearing the bad news, a stream of tears flowed from her eyes.)
Figurative/Strong容易混淆
Both refer to flowing water.
'نهر' is typically smaller, like a stream or canal. 'رودخانه' is a larger river. Think of 'نهر' as a tributary or a smaller watercourse, and 'رودخانه' as the main channel.
The small 'نهر' flowed into the large 'رودخانه'. (نهر کوچک به رودخانه بزرگ میریخت.)
Both are small water channels.
'جوی' is usually even smaller than 'نهر', often referring to a ditch, gutter, or a tiny trickle. 'نهر' implies a more established stream or canal.
Water collected in the 'جوی' beside the road, while a 'نهر' flowed through the nearby field. (آب در جوی کنار جاده جمع شده بود، در حالی که نهر از مزرعه کناری میگذشت.)
Both can refer to artificial water channels.
'کانال' is specifically for man-made canals, often with a defined purpose like navigation or large-scale irrigation. 'نهر' can be natural or artificial, and often implies a smaller scale than a major 'کانال'.
The 'نهر' supplied water to the village, while the large 'کانال' was used for boat transport. (نهر آب روستا را تأمین میکرد، در حالی که کانال بزرگ برای حمل و نقل قایق استفاده میشد.)
Both are general terms for water channels.
'آبراه' is a broader, more technical term for 'waterway'. 'نهر' is a more common, everyday word for a specific type of waterway – a stream or small canal.
The map showed various 'آبراه's, including a 'نهر' that ran through the park. (نقشه آبراه های مختلفی را نشان میداد، از جمله نهری که از میان پارک میگذشت.)
Both can refer to a river or stream.
'رود' is often used in a more literary or poetic context, sometimes interchangeably with 'رودخانه', but can also refer to a stream. 'نهر' is more consistently used for smaller streams and canals, and is less poetic.
The poet wrote about the beauty of the 'نهر', while historical texts referred to the great 'رود' of the region. (شاعر درباره زیبایی نهر نوشت، در حالی که متون تاریخی به رود بزرگ منطقه اشاره داشتند.)
句型
Subject + 'است' + Adjective.
نهر کوچک است.
Subject + Verb (past).
من نهر را دیدم.
Location + Verb + Subject.
در کنار نهر قدم زدیم.
Subject + Verb + Prepositional Phrase.
این نهر به دریا میریزد.
Noun Phrase + 'برای' + Noun + 'ضروری است'.
احداث نهر برای آبیاری ضروری است.
Subject + Verb (passive) + Prepositional Phrase.
روستاها در کنار نهر بنا شدهاند.
Complex Subject + Verb.
کیفیت آب نهر تهدیدی جدی است.
Conditional Clause + Main Clause.
اگر نهر خشک شود، کشاورزی آسیب میبیند.
词族
名词
形容词
相关
如何使用
High
-
Confusing 'نهر' with 'رودخانه' for large rivers.
→
Use 'رودخانه' for major rivers like the Nile or Volga. Use 'نهر' for smaller streams or canals.
While 'نهر' can sometimes mean a small river, 'رودخانه' is exclusively for large rivers. Using 'نهر' for the Amazon would be incorrect.
-
Assuming 'نهر' only means 'canal'.
→
'نهر' can mean a natural stream as well as a canal.
Do not limit the meaning of 'نهر' to only man-made channels. It commonly refers to natural watercourses like streams.
-
Using 'جوی' when 'نهر' is more appropriate.
→
Use 'جوی' for very small trickles or ditches, and 'نهر' for more established streams or canals.
'جوی' is typically smaller than 'نهر'. Think of a small gutter versus a stream flowing through a field.
-
Mispronouncing the 'a' sound.
→
Pronounce the 'a' as an open 'ah' sound (like in 'father').
Many learners mistakenly use a short 'a' sound (like in 'cat'). The Persian 'a' in 'نهر' is longer and more open.
-
Not considering the context (natural vs. artificial).
→
Pay attention to surrounding words to infer if 'نهر' refers to a natural stream or an artificial canal.
In agricultural contexts, 'نهر' often implies an irrigation canal, while in natural descriptions, it's usually a stream. Context is key.
小贴士
Master the 'ah' sound
The key to pronouncing 'نهر' correctly is the open 'ah' sound, like in 'father'. Avoid a short 'a' sound. Practice saying 'nahr' several times, focusing on that vowel. Listen to native speakers if possible.
Think of size and source
When you encounter 'نهر', consider its size relative to a 'رودخانه' (river) and whether it seems natural or man-made. This context will help you understand its specific meaning – is it a charming stream or a functional canal?
Connect with related words
Learn 'رودخانه', 'جوی', and 'کانال' alongside 'نهر'. Understanding these related terms will help you differentiate their meanings and use them more precisely.
Use it in simple sentences first
Start by using 'نهر' in basic sentences like 'این یک نهر است' (This is a stream) or 'کنار نهر قدم زدیم' (We walked beside the stream). Gradually build up to more complex sentences as you gain confidence.
Appreciate its cultural significance
Remember that water is highly valued in Persian culture. 'نهر' often carries connotations of life, purity, and sustenance. Understanding this cultural context can enrich your appreciation of the word.
Create visual or story mnemonics
Use the mnemonic techniques provided, like imagining a 'N'earby 'H'otel with a 'R'iver, or creating a short story involving a 'نهر'. Visual aids and narratives help solidify word recall.
Test yourself regularly
Don't just passively read. Actively try to recall the meaning and usage of 'نهر'. Try to form your own sentences or explain it to someone else. This active recall is crucial for long-term retention.
Listen for 'نهر' in Persian media
Watch Persian movies, listen to Persian music or podcasts, and try to identify instances where 'نهر' is used. Pay attention to how native speakers pronounce it and the context in which it appears.
Compare with English equivalents
Think about the English words 'stream', 'canal', and 'small river'. Consider the situations where you would use each of these. This comparison helps clarify the nuances of 'نهر'.
Describe a local water feature
Find a stream, canal, or small river near you and try to describe it in Persian using the word 'نهر'. This practical application makes the word more relevant and memorable.
记住它
记忆技巧
Imagine a 'N'earby 'H'otel with a 'R'eally nice stream flowing beside it. That stream is your 'نهر'. Or, think of a 'N'ew 'H'abitat for 'R'eptiles near a stream.
视觉联想
Picture a small, clear stream winding through a green meadow. Imagine 'N'ice 'H'abitat for 'R'abbits by this stream.
Word Web
挑战
Try to describe a scene from your childhood that involved a stream or canal, using the word 'نهر' at least three times. Focus on the sensory details: the sound, the sight, the smell.
词源
The word 'نهر' is of Arabic origin, derived from the root 'ن ه ر' (n-h-r), which relates to flowing water. It entered Persian through Arabic influence, common for many abstract and technical terms.
原始含义： The original Arabic meaning is 'river' or 'stream'.
Indo-Iranian > Iranian > Western Iranian > Persian文化背景
When discussing water resources in arid regions like Iran, be mindful of the sensitivity surrounding water scarcity and management. The term 'نهر' can evoke strong feelings related to livelihood and survival.
In English-speaking cultures, streams and canals are often viewed primarily for their ecological, recreational, or infrastructural functions. While appreciated, they may not carry the same deep-seated cultural or symbolic weight as in Persian culture, where water sources are often linked to survival and spiritual concepts.
在生活中练习
真实语境
Describing nature and landscapes
- نهر زلال
- نهر پرآب
- نهر آرام
- مسیر نهر
- کنار نهر
Agriculture and irrigation
- آب نهر
- نهر برای آبیاری
- کانال آبیاری
- کشاورزان از نهر استفاده میکنند
Rural life and villages
- روستای کنار نهر
- زندگی در کنار نهر
- نهر از میان روستا میگذرد
Travel and tourism
- دیدن نهر زیبا
- قدم زدن کنار نهر
- نهر تاریخی
Environmental discussions
- آلودگی نهر
- حفاظت از نهر
- نهر خشک
- نهر طبیعی
对话开场白
"آیا تا به حال در کنار یک نهر زیبا قدم زدهاید؟"
"چه نوع نهرهایی در منطقه شما وجود دارد؟ (طبیعی یا مصنوعی)"
"نهر مورد علاقه شما کدام است و چرا؟"
"آیا از آب نهر برای آبیاری استفاده میکنید؟"
"چه خاطراتی از نهرهای دوران کودکی خود دارید؟"
日记主题
توصیف یک نهر یا کانال آب که در زندگی شما نقش داشته است. چه خاطراتی با آن دارید؟
فکر کنید چگونه میتوان از نهرهای طبیعی برای بهبود محیط زیست شهری استفاده کرد.
اگر میتوانستید یک نهر جدید بسازید، آن را کجا و برای چه هدفی میساختید؟
مقالهای کوتاه در مورد اهمیت آب و نهرهای کوچک در حفظ اکوسیستم بنویسید.
یک داستان کوتاه با محوریت یک نهر و اتفاقی که در کنار آن رخ میدهد، خلق کنید.
常见问题
10 个问题The main difference lies in size. 'رودخانه' refers to a larger river, while 'نهر' is typically a smaller stream or canal. Imagine a small stream in a park versus a major river like the Mississippi. In Persian, 'نهر' is the word for the former, and 'رودخانه' for the latter.
Yes, absolutely. 'نهر' can refer to both natural streams and man-made canals, especially those used for irrigation or smaller water distribution systems. If you want to be specific about an artificial canal, you might also use the loanword 'کانال' (kānāl).
It's pronounced 'nahr'. The 'n' is standard, the 'a' is an open 'ah' sound (like in 'father'), and the 'r' is pronounced at the end. The stress is on the second syllable: nahr.
Yes, 'نهر' is a very common word. You will hear it frequently in discussions about nature, agriculture, rural areas, and in descriptive contexts. It's a fundamental word for understanding the Persian landscape.
Some common phrases include 'کنار نهر' (beside the stream), 'آب نهر' (stream water), 'نهر جاری' (flowing stream), and 'نهر خشک' (dry stream). These are useful for describing the stream and its condition.
Yes, water, and by extension 'نهر', holds significant symbolic meaning in Persian culture. It represents life, purity, sustenance, and the flow of time. Gardens with flowing water channels are often seen as representations of paradise.
Yes, 'جوی' (joy) is another word, typically referring to an even smaller stream, ditch, or trickle. 'نهر' is generally more substantial than a 'جوی'.
You would use 'نهر' when referring to a smaller body of flowing water, like a stream in a park, a brook in the countryside, or an irrigation channel. Use 'رودخانه' for larger, more significant rivers.
Yes, it can be used metaphorically in literature and poetry, such as 'نهر خون' (stream of blood) for a massacre, or 'نهر خاطرات' (stream of memories) to describe a flow of recollections.
The plural form is typically 'نهرها' (naharhā) in modern Persian, though 'انهر' (anhār) is also seen, especially in older texts.
自我测试 10 个问题
/ 10 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
The Persian word 'نهر' (nahr) signifies a flowing body of water, generally smaller than a river, encompassing both natural streams and artificial canals, and is frequently associated with agriculture and natural landscapes.
- نهر (nahr) means stream, canal, or small river.
- It refers to a flowing channel of water, smaller than a river.
- Commonly used for natural streams and irrigation canals.
- Important in rural areas, agriculture, and descriptions of nature.
Master the 'ah' sound
The key to pronouncing 'نهر' correctly is the open 'ah' sound, like in 'father'. Avoid a short 'a' sound. Practice saying 'nahr' several times, focusing on that vowel. Listen to native speakers if possible.
Think of size and source
When you encounter 'نهر', consider its size relative to a 'رودخانه' (river) and whether it seems natural or man-made. This context will help you understand its specific meaning – is it a charming stream or a functional canal?
Connect with related words
Learn 'رودخانه', 'جوی', and 'کانال' alongside 'نهر'. Understanding these related terms will help you differentiate their meanings and use them more precisely.
Use it in simple sentences first
Start by using 'نهر' in basic sentences like 'این یک نهر است' (This is a stream) or 'کنار نهر قدم زدیم' (We walked beside the stream). Gradually build up to more complex sentences as you gain confidence.
相关内容
这个词在其他语言中
更多nature词汇
عامل
B1促成结果的因素、情况或影响。
عقاب
B1一种大型猛禽，具有巨大的钩状喙和敏锐的视力。在波斯文化中，雕是力量和尊严的象征。
علف
A1草或饲料。例如：“牛在吃草”(گاو علف میخورد)。
عنکبوت
A2An eight-legged arachnid that spins webs.
آب و هوا
A1天气是指一个地方和一段时间的大气状况；天气。今天天气很好。
آب و خاک
B1水和土是一个国家生存的基础。
آببند
B1建在河上用于抬高水位的低矮水坝。 (A low dam built across a river to raise the water level.)
آبخیز
B1Watershed; an area or ridge of land that separates waters flowing to different rivers, basins, or seas.
ابر
A1云。大气中漂浮的可见冷凝水蒸气团。
ابری
A2Covered with clouds; overcast.
