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A2 verb 9分钟阅读

صدا کردن

例句 笔记与提示 صدا کردن 30秒了解
解析 صدا کردن in your Level:
At the A1 level, 'sedā kardan' is one of the first compound verbs you learn. It simply means 'to call someone'. You use it in basic sentences like 'I call my mom' or 'He calls me'. At this stage, you should focus on the fact that 'sedā' (sound) and 'kardan' (to do) work together. You don't need to worry about complex tenses; just focus on the present (sedā mikonam) and the simple past (sedā kardam). Remember that in Persian, you usually call someone who is nearby. If you want to call them on a phone, that's a different word! Also, try to remember that 'rā' comes after the person you are calling. 'Man Ali rā sedā mikonam' (I call Ali). It's a very helpful verb for basic needs, like getting someone's attention in a classroom or at home.
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At the A2 level, you begin to use 'sedā kardan' in more varied contexts, such as describing daily routines or past events. You might say 'Yesterday, my friend called me in the park'. You also start to understand the difference between 'sedā kardan' and 'zang zadan' (calling on the phone). At this level, you should be comfortable with the imperative form: 'Sedā kon!' (Call!). You might use it to ask someone to bring someone else over. You also learn that this verb is used for naming: 'They call him Reza'. This expands your ability to introduce people and describe social relationships. You are also becoming more aware of the object marker 'rā' and how it changes to 'ro' in spoken Persian, which is very common with this verb.
At the B1 level, you use 'sedā kardan' with more complex grammar, such as the subjunctive or future tense. For example, 'I want to call him' (Mikhāham sedāyash konam) or 'I will call him if I see him'. You also start to notice how 'sedā' can be modified. You might say 'sedā-ye boland kardan' (to call loudly). You understand the nuance of the verb in stories or news—where a character might be called to a specific place. You also begin to explore synonyms like 'sedā zadan' and understand that they are almost identical in meaning but might vary by region or personal preference. Your sentences become longer, incorporating reasons why someone is being called: 'I called him because he forgot his bag'.
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At the B2 level, you can use 'sedā kardan' in more metaphorical or abstract ways. You might encounter it in literature where 'duty calls' or the 'voice of the heart calls'. You are also proficient in using the passive voice: 'U sedā kardeh shod' (He was called), although this is more formal. You understand the social implications of how someone is 'sedā'd—using titles, formal 'shomā' vs. informal 'to', and how the verb facilitates these social interactions. You can also distinguish between 'sedā kardan' and more specific verbs like 'faryād zadan' (to shout) or 'neghā kardan' (to look/call out to). You are comfortable using the verb in conditional sentences and complex narratives.
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At the C1 level, you have a deep understanding of the stylistic choices involving 'sedā kardan'. You might choose to use 'farā khāndan' in a formal essay to sound more academic, or use 'sedā kardan' in a poem to evoke a specific emotion. You understand the etymological roots and how 'sedā' functions in other compound verbs like 'sedā dādan' or 'sedā dar āvardan'. You can analyze the use of this verb in classical versus modern Persian literature. You also grasp the subtle cultural connotations—how 'calling' someone in Iranian culture involves specific norms of politeness (Ta'arof) and how the choice of name or title used when 'sedā kardan' reflects the hierarchy and intimacy of the relationship.
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At the C2 level, you use 'sedā kardan' with the fluency of a native speaker, including its most subtle idiomatic and metaphorical applications. You can discuss the linguistics of compound verbs in Persian using this as a primary example. You understand how the verb has evolved over time and its role in various dialects of Persian (Dari, Tajiki). You can use it in high-level diplomatic, legal, or literary contexts where the 'calling' might refer to legal summons, divine calling, or philosophical invocations. You are also aware of the phonological nuances—how the word is stressed in different emotional states or regional accents. Your mastery is such that you can play with the word in puns, wordplay, and complex rhetorical structures.
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例句 笔记与提示

صدا کردن 30秒了解

  • To call someone's name or attract their attention vocally.
  • A compound verb: 'sedā' (sound) + 'kardan' (to do).
  • Requires the object marker 'rā' for the person being called.
  • Not for phone calls (use 'zang zadan' instead).

The Persian verb صدا کردن (sedā kardan) is a fundamental compound verb that every learner must master early in their journey. At its core, it combines the noun sedā (meaning 'sound', 'voice', or 'noise') with the light verb kardan (meaning 'to do' or 'to make'). Together, they create a versatile action that translates most commonly to 'to call' or 'to call out to someone'. However, its utility extends beyond just human interaction; it can also describe the act of making a sound or even the way something is named or referred to in specific contexts. Understanding this verb requires recognizing that it is the primary way to initiate contact with someone using your voice. Whether you are calling a friend across a busy street, a mother is calling her child for dinner, or a manager is summoning an employee to an office, صدا کردن is the go-to expression.

Direct Object Usage
In Persian, when you call someone, that person is the direct object of the verb. Therefore, you must use the object marker را (rā) after the person's name or the pronoun representing them. For example, 'I called Ali' becomes 'Ali rā sedā kardam'. This is a critical grammatical point that distinguishes it from other verbs of communication.

مادرم مرا برای شام صدا کرد.
(Mādaram marā barāye shām sedā kard.)
My mother called me for dinner.

Beyond the literal act of calling a person, صدا کردن can also imply the act of 'naming' or 'addressing' someone in a specific way. For instance, if you want to say 'What do they call this in Persian?', you might use a variation of this verb. It carries a sense of vocal identification. In technical or mechanical contexts, it might occasionally refer to an object making a noise, though 'sedā dādan' is more common for 'to make a noise' in a continuous sense. The nuance of صدا کردن usually involves a discrete action—a specific call or a specific instance of making a sound. It is active and intentional. When you use this verb, you are describing the initiation of a vocal signal intended to reach a recipient.

Social Nuance
In Iranian culture, how you 'sedā' (call) someone reflects your relationship. Using a first name alone suggests intimacy, while adding titles like 'Aghā' (Mr.) or 'Khānom' (Ms.) before or after the name is standard for respect. The verb remains the same, but the 'what' you call them changes.

او را با صدای بلند صدا کن تا بشنود.
(U rā bā sedā-ye boland sedā kon tā beshnavad.)
Call him loudly so he hears.

Mastering the usage of صدا کردن involves understanding its conjugation as a compound verb. In Persian, compound verbs consist of a non-verbal element (the noun sedā) and a verbal element (kardan). Only the verbal element changes to reflect tense, person, and mood. The noun sedā remains static. For example, in the present continuous tense, you would say dāram sedā mikonam (I am calling). In the simple past, it is sedā kardam (I called). This structure is consistent across all compound verbs, making sedā kardan an excellent model for learning Persian verb logic.

The Role of 'Rā'
Because sedā kardan is a transitive verb, it usually takes a direct object. In Persian, definite direct objects are marked with the postposition rā. If you are calling a specific person, you must attach rā to their name. 'I called the teacher' becomes Mo'allem rā sedā kardam. Without rā, the sentence feels incomplete or grammatically incorrect to a native speaker.

ببخشید، شما مرا صدا کردید؟
(Bebakhshid, shomā marā sedā kardid?)
Excuse me, did you call me?

In terms of sentence placement, the object usually comes before the verb. Persian follows a Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) order. So, 'I' (Subject) + 'Ali' (Object) + 'rā' (Marker) + 'sedā kardam' (Verb). If you want to specify how you called them, such as 'by name' or 'loudly', these adverbial phrases usually sit between the object and the verb. For example: Man Ali rā bā nām-e kuchak sedā kardam (I called Ali by his first name). This flexibility allows for detailed descriptions of the interaction within a standard framework.

لطفاً دوستت را صدا کن بیاید اینجا.
(Lotfan dustat rā sedā kon biāyad injā.)
Please call your friend to come here.

Negation and Questions
To negate the verb, add the prefix 'na-' to the verbal part: sedā nakardam (I didn't call). To ask a question, use rising intonation or start with 'āyā' (formal). 'Sedāyam kardi?' (Did you call me?) is a very common way to check if someone spoke to you.

You will encounter صدا کردن in almost every social setting in Iran. It is a 'high-frequency' verb because human interaction often begins with a call. In the domestic sphere, parents constantly use it to summon children. In educational settings, a teacher might 'sedā' a student to the blackboard. In public spaces, like a bazaar, you might hear a shopkeeper calling out to passersby to grab their attention. It is the verbal bridge between two people who are not yet engaged in a direct conversation.

The Classroom
Teachers use this verb to perform 'Hāzer-Ghāyeb' (roll call). They 'sedā' the names of the students one by one. Students might also say 'Aghā/Khānom, mo'allem dārad shomā ro sedā mikone' (Sir/Ma'am, the teacher is calling you).

وقتی معلم نام مرا صدا کرد، ترسیدم.
(Vaghti mo'allem nām-e marā sedā kard, tarsidam.)
When the teacher called my name, I was scared.

In literature and cinema, صدا کردن is often used to build tension or intimacy. A character might whisper another's name, and the narrator will describe this as 'sedā kardan'. It is also used in songs—many Persian pop and classical songs involve the singer 'calling' their beloved's name. It carries an emotional weight; calling someone is an invitation for presence. In movies, you'll hear it in suspenseful scenes ('Who's calling me?') or in mundane family dramas. It is a word that anchors the dialogue in reality.

کسی در حیاط مرا صدا می‌زند.
(Kasi dar hayāt marā sedā mizanad.)
Someone is calling me in the yard.

Another interesting place you hear this is in the context of nicknames. If someone asks, 'What do your friends call you?', they will use sedā kardan. For example, 'Dustānam marā 'Ali' sedā mikonand' (My friends call me 'Ali'). Here, it doesn't mean they are shouting his name right now, but that it is the name they use to address him. This 'addressing' function is a vital secondary use of the verb that learners should be aware of when introducing themselves or others.

One of the most frequent errors for English speakers learning Persian is using صدا کردن to mean 'calling on the phone'. In English, 'I will call you tonight' usually implies a telephone conversation. In Persian, if you say Emshab sedāt mikonam, a native speaker might think you are going to stand outside their window and shout their name. To avoid this confusion, always use زنگ زدن (zang zadan) or تلفن کردن (telefon kardan) for phone calls. This is a classic 'false friend' in terms of functional usage across languages.

The 'Rā' Omission
As mentioned before, failing to use the object marker rā is a common mistake. Beginners often say 'Man Ali sedā kardam' instead of 'Man Ali rā sedā kardam'. Because sedā kardan is so common, this mistake stands out significantly to native ears. Always remember: if there is a specific person being called, rā must follow.

اشتباه: من به او صدا کردم.
(Mistake: I called to him - using 'be'.)
Correct: من او را صدا کردم.

Another mistake involves confusing صدا کردن with حرف زدن (harf zadan) (to talk) or گفتن (goftan) (to say). While calling someone often leads to talking, the verbs are not interchangeable. Sedā kardan is only the initial act of getting attention. You cannot 'sedā kardan' a sentence or a story; you only 'sedā kardan' a person or a sound. Additionally, some learners confuse it with sedā dādan (to make a noise). While similar, sedā dādan is usually for inanimate objects like a squeaky door or a broken machine, whereas sedā kardan is more intentional.

Conjugation Errors
Some students try to conjugate the 'sedā' part. Remember, 'sedā' is a noun. You cannot say 'misedāyam'. You must say 'sedā mikonam'. Only the 'kardan' part carries the conjugation. This is a fundamental rule for all Persian compound verbs.

While صدا کردن is the most common way to say 'to call', Persian offers several alternatives depending on the intensity, formality, and context of the action. Knowing these can help you sound more like a native speaker and understand more complex texts. For example, if you are shouting at the top of your lungs, فریاد زدن (faryād zadan) or داد زدن (dād zadan) might be more appropriate. These specifically imply a loud, often emotional shout, whereas sedā kardan can be a soft whisper or a normal-volume call.

خواندن (Khāndan)
While usually meaning 'to read' or 'to sing', in classical Persian or very formal contexts, khāndan can mean to call someone. You see this in poetry or old stories where a king 'calls' his vizier. In modern speech, however, it is rarely used this way, except in the specific sense of 'invoking' (e.g., calling upon God).

او را برای کمک فرا خواندند.
(U rā barāye komak farā khāndand.)
They summoned him for help (Formal).

Another formal alternative is فرا خواندن (farā khāndan), which translates to 'to summon' or 'to call forth'. You will hear this in news reports or read it in official documents (e.g., 'The ambassador was summoned'). It carries an air of authority that sedā kardan lacks. On the other hand, if you are calling someone's name just to identify them, نام بردن (nām bordan) means 'to mention' or 'to name'. While not exactly 'calling out', it is related in the sense of vocalizing a name.

Comparison Table
  • صدا کردن: Standard 'to call'. Neutral.
  • داد زدن: To shout/yell. Informal/Angry.
  • فرا خواندن: To summon. Very formal.
  • صدا زدن: A common synonym for sedā kardan, often used interchangeably in speech.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The word 'sedā' is so central to Persian that it is used in dozens of compound verbs, from 'sedā dādan' (to sound) to 'sedā dar āvardan' (to mimic or annoy).

发音指南

UK /se.dɒː kær.dæn/
US /se.dɑː kær.dæn/
The stress falls on the last syllable of the nominal part 'sedā' and the last syllable of the verbal part 'kardan' in its infinitive form. In conjugated forms like 'sedā mikonam', the stress is on 'mí'.

难度评级

阅读 2/5

The word is common in all texts and easy to recognize.

写作 3/5

Requires remembering the 'rā' marker and correct compound conjugation.

口语 3/5

Essential for daily interaction; requires correct pronunciation of 'ā'.

听力 2/5

Very distinct sound; easy to pick out in conversation.

接下来学什么

前置知识

من (man) تو (to) کردن (kardan) اسم (esm) را (rā)

接下来学习

زنگ زدن (zang zadan) حرف زدن (harf zadan) گوش دادن (gush dādan) شنیدن (shenidan) جواب دادن (javāb dādan)

高级

فرا خواندن (farā khāndan) احضار کردن (ehzār kardan) منادی (monādi) طنین (tanin) گویش (guyesh)

需要掌握的语法

Compound Verb Conjugation

In 'sedā kardan', only 'kardan' changes (sedā mikonam, sedā kardi).

Direct Object Marker 'Rā'

Specific people called must be followed by 'rā' (Ali rā sedā kardam).

Spoken Persian 'Rā' to 'Ro'

In speech, 'Ali rā' becomes 'Ali ro'.

Imperative Construction

Remove 'mi-' from present and use 'be-' (though with 'kardan' it's just 'kon').

Subjunctive with 'Mikhāham'

Mikhāham u rā sedā konam (I want to call him).

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按水平分级的例句

1

من مادرم را صدا می‌کنم.

I call my mother.

Simple present tense: Subject + Object + rā + Verb.

2

علی مرا صدا کرد.

Ali called me.

Simple past tense. 'Marā' is the combination of 'man' + 'rā'.

3

او را صدا کن!

Call him!

Imperative form: Noun + 'kon'.

4

نام من را صدا نکن.

Don't call my name.

Negative imperative: 'na' + 'kon'.

5

آنها ما را صدا کردند.

They called us.

Plural subject and object.

6

آیا تو مرا صدا کردی؟

Did you call me?

Question using intonation.

7

لطفاً معلم را صدا کنید.

Please call the teacher.

Formal imperative using 'konid'.

8

سگ من را صدا می‌کند.

The dog calls me (makes a sound at me).

Using the verb for an animal making a sound.

1

دیروز برادرم را در پارک صدا کردم.

Yesterday, I called my brother in the park.

Past tense with a time and place adverb.

2

دوستانم مرا 'سارا' صدا می‌کنند.

My friends call me 'Sara'.

Using the verb to mean 'to name' or 'to address'.

3

او داشت مرا صدا می‌کرد که من رفتم.

He was calling me when I left.

Past continuous tense: 'dāsht' + 'sedā mikard'.

4

شما باید او را با احترام صدا کنید.

You must call him with respect.

Modal verb 'bāyad' (must) with the verb.

5

چرا هیچ‌کس مرا صدا نکرد؟

Why did nobody call me?

Negative past tense with 'hich-kas' (nobody).

6

وقتی غذا آماده شد، مرا صدا کن.

When the food is ready, call me.

Conditional clause followed by imperative.

7

ما همیشه او را 'عمو' صدا می‌کنیم.

We always call him 'Uncle'.

Adverb 'hamishe' (always) used with present tense.

8

صدایم کن تا بدانم کجایی.

Call me so I know where you are.

Subjunctive mood in the second part.

1

اگر او را صدا کنی، حتماً می‌آید.

If you call him, he will definitely come.

First conditional: 'agar' + subjunctive + future/present.

2

او مایل نبود که نامش را بلند صدا کنند.

He was not inclined for them to call his name loudly.

Subjunctive mood after 'māyel budan'.

3

من سعی کردم او را صدا کنم اما نشنید.

I tried to call him but he didn't hear.

'Sa'y kardan' (to try) followed by the infinitive-like subjunctive.

4

همیشه قبل از وارد شدن، او را صدا بزن.

Always call (out to) him before entering.

Using the synonym 'sedā zadan'.

5

او را به خاطر شجاعتش قهرمان صدا می‌کنند.

They call him a hero because of his courage.

Passive-like usage in the active voice.

6

داشتم فکر می‌کردم که کسی مرا صدا کرد.

I was thinking when someone called me.

Interrupted action in the past.

7

ممکن است مرا بعداً صدا کنید؟

Is it possible for you to call me later?

Polite request using 'momken ast'.

8

او طوری مرا صدا کرد که انگار اتفاقی افتاده است.

He called me in a way as if something had happened.

Complex sentence with 'engār' (as if).

1

طبیعت ما را برای محافظت از خود صدا می‌کند.

Nature calls us to protect it.

Metaphorical usage of the verb.

2

او با لحنی آرام مرا صدا کرد تا کسی متوجه نشود.

He called me in a quiet tone so that no one would notice.

Adverbial phrase describing the manner of the action.

3

هر بار که نامت را صدا می‌کنم، لبخند می‌زنی.

Every time I call your name, you smile.

Use of 'har bār ke' (every time).

4

او از اینکه او را 'رئیس' صدا کنند لذت می‌برد.

He enjoys being called 'Boss'.

Subjunctive clause as the object of 'lezzat bordan'.

5

صدایم را نشنیدی یا خودت را به نشنیدن زدی؟

Did you not hear my call or did you pretend not to hear?

Rhetorical question using negation.

6

او را به عنوان شاهد به دادگاه صدا کردند.

They called him to court as a witness.

Formal usage in a legal context.

7

با اینکه او را بارها صدا کردم، جواب نداد.

Even though I called him many times, he didn't answer.

Concessive clause with 'bā inke'.

8

باید یاد بگیری چطور مردم را درست صدا کنی.

You must learn how to call people correctly.

Complex verb phrase with 'yād gereftan'.

1

وجدانش او را برای اعتراف به حقیقت صدا می‌زد.

His conscience was calling him to confess the truth.

Highly metaphorical/personified usage.

2

در آن سکوت مطلق، گویی کوه‌ها مرا صدا می‌کردند.

In that absolute silence, it was as if the mountains were calling me.

Literary and evocative language.

3

او از اینکه او را با القاب قدیمی صدا کنند، ابا داشت.

He refrained from being called by old titles.

Advanced verb 'ebā dāshtan' (to refrain).

4

فراخوانده شدن به این مقام، مسئولیتی بزرگ است.

Being called (summoned) to this position is a great responsibility.

Gerund/Infinitive form of the formal version.

5

شاعر در ابیاتش معشوق را با سوز و گداز صدا می‌کند.

The poet calls his beloved with passion in his verses.

Literary analysis context.

6

او را در محافل علمی به عنوان نظریه‌پرداز صدا می‌کنند.

He is referred to as a theorist in scientific circles.

Social/Professional designation usage.

7

صدایم کن در آن لحظه که تنهایی بر تو چیره می‌شود.

Call me at that moment when loneliness overcomes you.

Imperative in a poetic/emotional context.

8

این واژه در گویش‌های مختلف به گونه‌های متفاوتی صدا می‌شود.

This word is 'called' (pronounced/used) differently in various dialects.

Passive usage in a linguistic context.

1

طنین صدایی که او را صدا می‌کرد، در گوشش ماندگار شد.

The resonance of the voice that called him remained permanent in his ear.

Complex noun phrase with relative clause.

2

در متون کهن، پادشاهان خادمان خود را با نهیب صدا می‌کردند.

In ancient texts, kings would call their servants with a shout/rebuke.

Historical and literary vocabulary ('nahib').

3

او خویشتن را از ورای سالیان متمادی صدا می‌زد.

He was calling his own self from across many years.

Existential/Philosophical usage.

4

فرایند صدا کردن در این نرم‌افزار به صورت خودکار انجام می‌شود.

The process of 'calling' (invoking) in this software is done automatically.

Technical/Computer science jargon.

5

او با چنان قدرتی نام وطن را صدا کرد که لرزه بر اندام دشمن انداخت.

He called the name of the homeland with such power that it made the enemy tremble.

Hyperbolic and patriotic rhetoric.

6

در پهنه بیکران هستی، گویی آفریدگار بندگانش را صدا می‌کند.

In the infinite expanse of existence, it is as if the Creator calls His servants.

Theological/Mystical register.

7

نحوه صدا کردن افراد در یک جامعه، گویای ساختار قدرت در آن است.

The way people are called in a society is indicative of its power structure.

Sociolinguistic analysis.

8

او خاطراتی را صدا می‌کرد که مدت‌ها در غبار فراموشی گم شده بودند.

He was calling forth memories that had long been lost in the dust of oblivion.

Metaphorical usage for memory retrieval.

常见搭配

با صدای بلند صدا کردن
به اسم صدا کردن
آرام صدا کردن
چند بار صدا کردن
پشت سر هم صدا کردن
اشتباهی صدا کردن
دوباره صدا کردن
از دور صدا کردن
تک تک صدا کردن
با احترام صدا کردن

常用短语

صدام کن

— Call me. (Very common in songs and casual talk)

هر وقت نیاز داشتی، صدام کن.

چی صداش می‌کنی؟

— What do you call him/it?

این پرنده را چی صدا می‌کنی؟

صدات می‌کنم

— I'll call you (vocal).

وقتی نوبتت شد، صدات می‌کنم.

منو اینجوری صدا نکن

— Don't call me that.

لطفاً منو 'بچه' صدا نکن.

اسمشو صدا کن

— Call his name.

برو و اسمشو صدا کن.

بلندتر صدا کن

— Call louder.

نمی‌شنود، بلندتر صدا کن.

کی بود منو صدا کرد؟

— Who was it that called me?

صدایی شنیدم؛ کی بود منو صدا کرد؟

صداش در نمی‌آید

— He/It doesn't make a sound (often means someone is very quiet or shy).

بچه خیلی ساکت است، اصلاً صداش در نمی‌آید.

همه رو صدا کن

— Call everyone.

شام حاضر است، همه رو صدا کن.

اشتباه صدا زدی

— You called (the wrong person).

من علی نیستم، اشتباه صدا زدی.

习语与表达

"صداش را در نیاوردن"

— To keep something secret; to not talk about something.

فعلاً صداش رو در نیار تا همه بفهمن.

Informal
"صداش بعداً در می‌آید"

— The consequences will show up later.

الان فکر می‌کنی زرنگی، ولی صداش بعداً در می‌آید.

Informal
"هفت پادشاه را صدا کردن"

— To be in a very deep sleep (literally: calling seven kings).

آنقدر خسته بود که داشت هفت پادشاه را صدا می‌کرد.

Informal
"صدا از دیوار در بیاید از او در نمی‌آید"

— He is extremely quiet or silent.

خیلی خجالتی است، صدا از دیوار در بیاید از او در نمی‌آید.

Informal
"بی‌صدا و بی‌خبر"

— Quietly and without notice.

بی‌صدا و بی‌خبر از خانه رفت.

Neutral
"صدا به صدا نرسیدن"

— A situation where it's so noisy that no one can hear anyone.

توی کنسرت صدا به صدا نمی‌رسید.

Informal
"یک صدا بودن"

— To be unanimous or in agreement.

همه برای انجام این کار یک صدا بودند.

Neutral
"صدا کردن (برای کسی)"

— To be famous or make a name for oneself (rare usage).

این فیلم در دنیا خیلی صدا کرد.

Informal
"صدای کسی را بریدن"

— To silence someone.

با این حرف، صدای همه را برید.

Informal
"دهل شنیدن از دور خوش است"

— Distance makes things seem better than they are (Idiom involving 'sound').

فکر می‌کنی زندگی در آنجا عالی است؟ دهل شنیدن از دور خوش است.

Literary

句型

A1

[Subject] [Object] rā sedā kard.

من علی ر

词族

名词

صدا (sedā) - sound/voice
صدازن (sedā-zan) - caller
فراخوان (farā-khān) - summons/call

动词

صدا زدن (sedā zadan) - to call
فرا خواندن (farā khāndan) - to summon
هم‌صدا شدن (ham-sedā shodan) - to join voices

形容词

صدادار (sedā-dār) - voiced/loud
بی‌صدا (bi-sedā) - silent
خوش‌صدا (khosh-sedā) - having a good voice

相关

آواز (āvāz) - song/voice
فریاد (faryād) - shout
بانگ (bāng) - cry/call
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记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'Sedā' as 'Say-da' (Say the name). To 'sedā kardan' is to 'Say the name' to 'do' a call.

视觉联想

Imagine a megaphone with the word 'SEDĀ' written on it, and a hand 'doing' (kardan) the action of holding it up to call someone.

Word Web

Voice Call Name Sound Summon Shout Attention Communication

挑战

Try to use 'sedā kardan' in three different tenses today: Tell someone to call a friend, say that you called someone yesterday, and ask if someone is calling you now.

词源

'Sedā' is a Persian noun meaning sound. 'Kardan' is the most prolific light verb in Persian, derived from Middle Persian 'kardan' and Old Persian 'karn-'.

原始含义： To produce a sound or to use sound/voice for an action.

Indo-European (Persian).

文化背景

Be careful when calling elders or superiors; always use their titles. Calling a superior by their first name can be seen as very rude.

English speakers often confuse calling on the phone with calling out. In Persian, these are strictly different verbs.

'Sedāyam kon' (Call Me) is a famous song by Hayedeh, a legendary Persian singer. Many Persian poems use the concept of calling the 'Beloved' or 'Truth'.

在生活中练习

真实语境

At home

  • بچه‌ها را برای شام صدا کن.
  • کی مرا صدا کرد؟
  • مامان صدات می‌کنه.
  • بابا رو صدا کردی؟

At school

  • معلم اسمم را صدا کرد.
  • دوستت را صدا کن بیاید.
  • لطفاً بلندتر صدا کنید.
  • اسم‌ها را تک تک صدا می‌کنم.

In public

  • یک نفر از دور مرا صدا کرد.
  • او را صدا زدم ولی نشنید.
  • ببخشید، شما مرا صدا کردید؟
  • اسم او را بلند صدا نکن.

Naming/Nicknames

  • او را چی صدا می‌کنی؟
  • دوستانم مرا 'متی' صدا می‌کنند.
  • همه او را 'استاد' صدا می‌کنند.
  • اسمش را اشتباه صدا زدی.

Metaphorical

  • وظیفه مرا صدا می‌کند.
  • صدای قلبم را می‌شنوم که تو را صدا می‌کند.
  • طبیعت ما را صدا می‌زند.
  • خاطرات مرا صدا می‌کنند.

对话开场白

"معمولاً دوستانت تو را چه صدا می‌کنند؟ (What do your friends usually call you?)"

"آخرین باری که کسی را با صدای بلند صدا کردی کی بود؟ (When was the last time you called someone loudly?)"

"اگر کسی در خیابان تو را اشتباهی صدا کند، چه می‌کنی؟ (What do you do if someone calls you by mistake in the street?)"

"آیا ترجیح می‌دهی با نام کوچک صدا شوی یا با فامیل؟ (Do you prefer to be called by your first name or last name?)"

"در خانواده شما، چه کسی بقیه را برای غذا صدا می‌کند؟ (In your family, who calls the others for food?)"

日记主题

درباره زمانی بنویسید که کسی نام شما را در یک جای شلوغ صدا کرد. (Write about a time someone called your name in a crowded place.)

آیا نامی وجود دارد که دوست نداشته باشید با آن صدا شوید؟ چرا؟ (Is there a name you don't like to be called by? Why?)

تفاوت بین 'صدا کردن' و 'زنگ زدن' را با مثال توضیح دهید. (Explain the difference between 'calling' and 'telephoning' with examples.)

توصیف کنید که چطور در فرهنگ شما مردم یکدیگر را صدا می‌زنند. (Describe how people call each other in your culture.)

یک داستان کوتاه بنویسید که با جمله 'ناگهان کسی مرا صدا کرد' شروع شود. (Write a short story starting with 'Suddenly someone called me'.)

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