تبریک 30秒了解
- Tabrik means 'Congratulations' in Persian.
- It comes from the Arabic root for 'blessing'.
- Commonly used as 'Tabrik migam' (I congratulate).
- Essential for birthdays, weddings, and Nowruz.
The Persian word تبریک (Tabrik) is a cornerstone of social interaction in Iranian culture. At its most fundamental level, it translates to 'congratulations' or 'felicitation.' However, its roots dive deep into the concept of 'Barakah' (blessing), implying that by congratulating someone, you are invoking a sense of divine or spiritual increase and prosperity upon their achievement. In the Persian linguistic landscape, it functions primarily as a noun, often paired with the light verb 'goftan' (to say) or 'arz kardan' (to offer/present) to form the act of congratulating.
- Etymological Root
- Derived from the Arabic root B-R-K (ب-ر-ک), which relates to a camel kneeling down (stability) and a pool of water (abundance). In Persian, it has evolved to signify the formal acknowledgement of success.
- Social Function
- It serves as a social lubricant, essential for maintaining 'Ta'arof' and showing genuine or formal interest in the progress of others, whether in family, business, or academic circles.
- Grammatical Role
- Primarily a noun. It cannot stand alone as a verb but requires an auxiliary verb. In informal settings, 'Tabrik!' is used as an interjection.
«با کمال مسرت، موفقیت شما را تبریک میگویم.»
Understanding 'Tabrik' requires recognizing the difference between a simple 'Good job' and a formal 'Congratulation'. While 'Afarin' (Bravo) is used for small tasks, 'Tabrik' is reserved for milestones like weddings (Ezdevaj), births (Tavalod), or graduations (Faregh-ot-tahsili). It is the bridge between personal joy and communal recognition.
«تولدتان را صمیمانه تبریک عرض میکنم.»
- Register Variance
- Informal: Tabrik migam. Formal: Tabrik arz mikonam. Written: Tabrikat-e samimane.
Using تبریک correctly involves mastering the compound verb structures. The most common way to express congratulations is by using the verb goftan (to say). However, the prepositional usage is where many learners stumble. In Persian, you congratulate 'to' someone 'for' something, or you congratulate 'the something' to someone.
- Standard Structure: [Event] + را + به + [Person] + تبریک گفتن
- Example: عید را به شما تبریک میگویم (I congratulate the Eid to you).
«موفقیت شما در امتحان را تبریک میگوییم.»
In highly formal settings, such as diplomatic letters or formal speeches, the verb arz kardan is preferred. This verb literally means 'to petition' or 'to present humbly', which adds a layer of respect (Ehteram) toward the recipient. This is a key part of the 'Ta'arof' system where the speaker lowers their own status to elevate the listener.
- Common Collocations
- Tabrik-e samimane (Sincere congratulations)
- Tabrik-e garm (Warm congratulations)
- Tabrik-e vizheh (Special congratulations)
You will encounter تبریک in various spheres of Iranian life. On television, news anchors frequently use it during national holidays like Nowruz or after sports victories. In the digital world, social media platforms like Instagram and Telegram are flooded with 'Tabrik' posts during the Persian New Year or religious festivals.
«قهرمانی تیم ملی را به همه ایرانیان تبریک عرض میکنیم.»
In family gatherings, it is the standard response to news of an engagement (Namzadi) or a new job (Kar-e jadid). It is often shouted enthusiastically: 'Tabrik! Tabrik!'. You will also see it on greeting cards (Kart-e Tabrik) and banners hung across streets to celebrate local achievements or religious milestones.
The most frequent mistake for English speakers is the direct translation of 'Congratulations on...'. In English, we use 'on', but in Persian, we use the object marker را (ra) for the event and the preposition به (be) for the person.
- ❌ تبریک برای تولدت (Tabrik baraye tavalodat) - While understood, it sounds non-native.
- ✅ تولدت را تبریک میگویم (Tavalodat ra tabrik migam) - Correct structure.
Another mistake is confusing تبریک with مبارک (Mobarak). While related, 'Mobarak' is an adjective meaning 'blessed' (e.g., Eid-e shoma mobarak), whereas 'Tabrik' is the noun for the act of congratulating. You say 'Tabrik migam' but you say 'Mobarak bashad'.
Persian has several synonyms for 'Tabrik', each with its own nuance and level of formality. Understanding these helps in achieving a more native-like vocabulary.
- تهنیت (Tahniat)
- A very formal, Arabic-rooted synonym often used in official statements and literature. It is frequently paired with 'Tabrik' as a rhythmic doublet: 'Tabrik va Tahniat'.
- شادباش (Shadbash)
- A pure Persian (Pahlavi-rooted) word. It feels more poetic and authentic to some speakers. It is also used to refer to the money thrown at dancers during a wedding.
- خجسته (Khojasteh)
- An adjective meaning 'auspicious' or 'blessed'. Often used to describe the occasion itself rather than the act of congratulating.
How Formal Is It?
难度评级
需要掌握的语法
Compound Verbs
Object Marker 'Ra'
Preposition 'Be'
Formal vs Informal Verbs
Ezāfe Construction
按水平分级的例句
تبریک!
Congratulations!
Interjection usage.
تولدت مبارک، تبریک میگویم.
Happy birthday, I congratulate you.
Basic compound verb.
تبریک برای خانه جدید.
Congratulations for the new house.
Informal prepositional use.
خیلی تبریک!
Many congratulations!
Adverbial intensifier.
تبریک، تو برنده شدی!
Congratulations, you won!
Simple sentence structure.
یک تبریک بزرگ!
A big congratulations!
Noun with adjective.
تبریک به تو.
Congratulations to you.
Preposition 'be'.
مامان، تبریک!
Mom, congratulations!
Vocative use.
من به شما تبریک میگویم.
I congratulate you.
Subject-Object-Verb.
عید نوروز را تبریک میگویم.
I congratulate the Nowruz holiday.
Use of 'ra' for the event.
آیا تبریک گفتی؟
Did you say congratulations?
Simple past question.
باید به او تبریک بگوییم.
We must congratulate him/her.
Modal verb 'bayad'.
تبریک من را بپذیر.
Accept my congratulations.
Imperative mood.
او به من تبریک گفت.
He congratulated me.
Third person singular past.
کارت تبریک خریدم.
I bought a greeting card.
Compound noun.
تبریک برای موفقیتت.
Congratulations for your success.
Colloquial 'baraye'.
موفقیت شما را در این پروژه تبریک میگویم.
I congratulate you on your success in this project.
Formal 'ra' usage.
صمیمانه به شما تبریک عرض میکنم.
I sincerely offer you my congratulations.
Adverb 'samimane' + 'arz kardan'.
همه به او تبریک گفتند.
Everyone congratulated him.
Plural subject with singular verb (collective).
این پیروزی بزرگ را تبریک میگوییم.
We congratulate this great victory.
First person plural.
او با خوشحالی تبریک گفت.
He congratulated with happiness.
Adverbial phrase 'ba khosh-hali'.
پیام تبریک شما را دریافت کردم.
I received your congratulatory message.
Noun phrase as object.
تبریک به مناسبت ازدواجتان.
Congratulations on the occasion of your marriage.
Phrase 'be monasebat-e'.
میخواهم به برادرم تبریک بگویم.
I want to congratulate my brother.
Infinitive structure.
انتصاب شما را به این مقام تبریک عرض مینمایم.
I congratulate you on your appointment to this position.
Highly formal 'arz namoodan'.
تبریکات صمیمانه مرا پذیرا باشید.
Please accept my sincere congratulations.
Plural 'Tabrikat' and formal imperative.
این موفقیت چشمگیر شایسته تبریک است.
This remarkable success is worthy of congratulations.
Adjective 'shayesteh'.
او با ارسال گلی، موفقیت مرا تبریک گفت.
He congratulated my success by sending flowers.
Gerund phrase 'ba ersal-e'.
تبریک گفتن به او وظیفه ماست.
Congratulating him is our duty.
Gerund as subject.
از طرف شرکت، این برد را تبریک میگویم.
On behalf of the company, I congratulate this win.
Phrase 'az taraf-e'.
او هیچ تبریکی به من نگفت.
He didn't say any congratulations to me.
Negative indefinite noun.
تبریکات گرم ما نثار شما باد.
May our warm congratulations be bestowed upon you.
Optative mood 'bad'.
مراتب تبریک و تهنیت خود را ابراز میدارم.
I express my levels of congratulations and felicitations.
Formal doublet 'tabrik va tahniat'.
دستاورد علمی شما مایه تبریک و افتخار است.
Your scientific achievement is a source of congratulation and pride.
Complex noun phrase 'maye-ye...'.
با کمال مسرت، این فرخنده میلاد را تبریک میگویم.
With utmost joy, I congratulate this auspicious birth.
Formal phrase 'ba kamal-e masarrat'.
تبریکات بیشائبه خود را تقدیم حضورتان میکنم.
I present my unadulterated congratulations to your presence.
Adjective 'bi-sha'ebeh'.
او در پیامی کوتاه، این موفقیت را تبریک گفت.
In a short message, he congratulated this success.
Prepositional phrase 'dar payami kootah'.
این پیروزی را به ملت شریف ایران تبریک میگوییم.
We congratulate the noble nation of Iran on this victory.
Political register.
تبریک گفتن در چنین شرایطی دشوار است.
Congratulating in such circumstances is difficult.
Abstract subject.
او با لحنی کنایهآمیز تبریک گفت.
He congratulated with an ironic tone.
Adverbial 'ba lahni...'.
خجسته باد این پیروزی که شایان صد تبریک است.
Blessed be this victory which is worthy of a hundred congratulations.
Archaic/Poetic structure.
تبریکات خالصانه ما را به مناسبت این رخداد میمون پذیرا باشید.
Please accept our sincere congratulations on the occasion of this auspicious event.
Formal adjective 'meymoon'.
او با طمانینه، مراتب تبریک خود را اعلام کرد.
With composure, he announced his congratulations.
Arabic loanword 'tamanineh'.
این موفقیت، تبریکی است بر همت والای شما.
This success is a congratulation upon your high resolve.
Metaphorical usage.
تبریکات وافره خود را نثار قدوم شما میکنم.
I bestow my abundant congratulations upon your arrival.
Hyper-formal 'nesar-e ghodoom'.
هر تبریکی در برابر این عظمت، ناچیز مینماید.
Every congratulation seems insignificant before this greatness.
Philosophical comparison.
او با قلمی رسا، این فتح را تبریک گفت.
With an eloquent pen, he congratulated this conquest.
Literary metaphor.
تبریکات قلبی ما همواره همراه شماست.
Our heartfelt congratulations are always with you.
Abstract possessive.
常见搭配
常用短语
容易混淆的词
Mobarak is an adjective (blessed), Tabrik is a noun (congratulation).
Tasliat is for condolences (sad events).
Afarin is 'well done' for small tasks.
习语与表达
— A hollow or perfunctory congratulation without a gift or genuine warmth.
— A hundred congratulations (used for great emphasis).
— To shower someone with congratulations.
— It is worthy of congratulations.
— To congratulate oneself (often used ironically).
— To not even be in the mood or position to congratulate (rare/slangy).
— To rain down congratulations on someone.
— To open one's mouth to congratulate (literary).
— Congratulations from afar.
— Double congratulations (modern/slang).
容易混淆
句型
如何使用
Tabrik is a noun, not a verb.
Always use 'be' for the person being congratulated.
- Using 'Tabrik' for condolences.
- Forgetting the 'ra' marker.
- Using 'Tabrik' as a standalone verb.
- Confusing 'Tabrik' with 'Mobarak' in sentences.
- Using 'Tahniat' in casual conversation.
小贴士
Bring Sweets
When congratulating someone on a big event, bringing sweets is a great gesture.
Verb Pairing
Always pair 'Tabrik' with 'goftan' for a natural sound.
Eye Contact
Make eye contact when offering a 'Tabrik' to show sincerity.
Card Writing
Start a card with 'Tabrikat-e samimane-ye mara bepazirid'.
Use Arz Kardan
Use 'Arz mikonam' with your boss or elders.
Synonyms
Learn 'Shadbash' for a more poetic touch.
The 'R'
The 'r' in Tabrik is a slight tap, not a rolled 'r'.
Emojis
On social media, 'Tabrik' is often paired with 👏 or 🎉.
Intonation
Listen for the stress on the second syllable: tab-RIK.
Avoid 'Baraye'
Try to use 'ra' instead of 'baraye' in formal writing.
记住它
记忆技巧
Think of 'Tab' (like a tab in a browser) and 'Rik' (like rich). You open a new 'tab' to tell someone they are 'rich' in success.
词源
Arabic
文化背景
Religious holidays (Eids) are the most common times for 'Tabrik'.
Always use 'Arz mikonam' with elders.
Congratulating someone is often the first step in a cycle of hospitality.
在生活中练习
真实语境
对话开场白
"شنیدم ازدواج کردی، تبریک میگم!"
"برای کار جدیدت تبریک میگم، خوشحالی؟"
"عیدت مبارک، به خانواده تبریک بگو."
"تبریک برای موفقیتت، کی شیرینی میدی؟"
"واقعاً جای تبریک دارد، چطور انجامش دادی؟"
日记主题
آخرین باری که به کسی تبریک گفتی کی بود؟
چه حسی داری وقتی کسی به تو تبریک میگوید؟
یک نامه تبریک برای دوستت بنویس.
تفاوت تبریک و آفرین در چیست؟
در فرهنگ تو چگونه تبریک میگویند؟
常见问题
10 个问题The most common way is 'Tabrik migam'.
Yes, it has an Arabic root but is fully integrated into Persian.
No, never. Use 'Tasliat' for funerals.
The plural is 'Tabrikat'.
You can say 'Mamnoun' or 'Ghorban-e shoma'.
It can be both, depending on the verb you use with it.
It means 'Sincere congratulations'.
Yes, but 'Tavalodat ra tabrik migam' is more native.
No, 'Mobarak' means 'blessed'.
Only in very formal writing or speeches.
自我测试 180 个问题
/ 180 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
Tabrik is more than just a word; it is a vital cultural tool for expressing shared joy and maintaining social bonds in Persian-speaking communities, requiring specific grammatical structures like 'ra' and 'be'.
- Tabrik means 'Congratulations' in Persian.
- It comes from the Arabic root for 'blessing'.
- Commonly used as 'Tabrik migam' (I congratulate).
- Essential for birthdays, weddings, and Nowruz.
Bring Sweets
When congratulating someone on a big event, bringing sweets is a great gesture.
Verb Pairing
Always pair 'Tabrik' with 'goftan' for a natural sound.
Eye Contact
Make eye contact when offering a 'Tabrik' to show sincerity.
Card Writing
Start a card with 'Tabrikat-e samimane-ye mara bepazirid'.
相关内容
更多general词汇
عادتوار
C1As a matter of habit; habitually.
عادی
A1“عادی”这个词的意思是“正常”或“普通”。例如：“平凡的一天”(یک روز عادی)。
عافیت
B2康泰、平安、健康。常用于打喷嚏后的祝愿，类似于“保重”。
عاجل
B2紧急的；需要立即关注或行动的。例如：“紧急新闻”或“早日康复”。
عاقبت
C1结果，结局，或者是“终于”。 '他终于（عاقبت）成功了。'
عاقل
A1明智的，理智的。指有判断力、不感情用事的人。
عالمگیر
C1全世界的，普遍的。影响全球的事物。
عالی
A1“Aali”在波斯语中意为“极好的”或“优秀的”。
عام
B1“Am”这个词的意思是“普遍的”或“公共的”。
اعم از
B2包括；无论是...还是...（用于引入选项）。
