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طرفین

B2 noun 7分钟阅读

طرفین

tarafein

开始练习例句笔记与提示 طرفین 30秒了解

解析 طرفین in your Level:

At the beginner level, you don't need to use 'طرفین' (tarafein) yourself, but you might see it in simple signs or very basic news headlines. Think of it as a fancy way to say 'two people' or 'two sides'. In A1, we usually say 'do nafar' (two people) or 'do taraf' (two sides). 'Tarafein' is like saying 'the both of them' in a very official way. For example, if two children are playing, we don't use 'tarafein'. But if two countries are mentioned in a very simple news flash, this word might appear. Just remember: it always means exactly two. Not one, not three, but two. It is like a pair of shoes, but for people or groups in a formal situation.

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As an A2 learner, you should recognize 'طرفین' (tarafein) as a word used in news and formal documents. You might encounter it in a simple reading passage about a contract or a meeting. The key thing to understand at this level is the ending '-ein'. This is an old way of making things plural that Persian borrowed from Arabic. It specifically means 'two'. So, when you see 'tarafein', your brain should immediately think 'the two sides'. You might see it in phrases like 'tarafein-e gharardad' (the two sides of the contract). It is more formal than 'do taraf'. If you use it in a basic writing assignment about a debate, your teacher will be impressed by your formal vocabulary.

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At the B1 level, you should start using 'طرفین' (tarafein) in your formal writing and presentations. When you discuss social issues, debates, or history, 'tarafein' is the perfect word to describe the two opposing sides. Instead of saying 'in do keshvar' (these two countries) over and over, you can say 'tarafein' to refer back to them. It helps your Persian sound more cohesive and professional. You should also be aware of common phrases like 'be nafe-e tarafein' (to the benefit of both parties). This is very useful for business letters or when discussing solutions to a problem. You are moving beyond simple descriptions into the realm of professional interaction.

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At the B2 level, 'طرفین' (tarafein) should be a natural part of your vocabulary for discussing law, politics, and formal agreements. You should understand the nuance that 'tarafein' implies a balanced relationship between two entities. You will use it to describe negotiations, legal disputes, and bilateral relations. At this level, you should also be careful not to make the common mistake of adding Persian plural endings to it (like 'tarafein-ha'). You should be able to follow news reports about international treaties where 'tarafein' is used to refer to the signatories. You also begin to see it in compound phrases like 'tarafein-e da'va' (the parties to a lawsuit).

For C1 learners, 'طرفین' (tarafein) is more than just a word; it's a stylistic choice. You use it to maintain a high register (Sath-e bala) in your discourse. You should be able to distinguish between 'tarafein' and its more obscure synonyms like 'janibeyn' or 'fariqeyn'. You will encounter 'tarafein' in complex legal texts, philosophical debates about duality, and high-level diplomatic cables. You should be comfortable using it in the 'Ezafe' construction to define specific roles, such as 'tarafein-e mo'ameleh' (the parties to the transaction) or 'tarafein-e nezah' (the parties to the conflict). Your understanding of the word includes its rhetorical power to imply neutrality and legal standing.

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At the C2 level, you have a masterly command of 'طرفین' (tarafein) and its Arabic dual origins. You understand how this word functions within the broader context of Persian 'Fis-al-balagha' (eloquence). You can use it in academic papers on jurisprudence (feqh) or international law where the distinction between 'tarafein' (two parties) and 'atraf' (multiple parties) is legally significant. You recognize the word in classical Persian prose where the dual form was more common. You can also identify and correct subtle misuses of the word in media or speech. For you, 'tarafein' is an essential tool for precise, formal, and elegant Persian expression, allowing you to navigate the most complex professional and intellectual environments.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

طرفین 30秒了解

Tarafein means 'both parties' or 'the two sides'.
It is primarily used in formal, legal, and news contexts.
It is an Arabic dual form, meaning it refers strictly to exactly two entities.
Common in contracts, courtrooms, and diplomatic negotiations.

The word طرفین (tarafein) is a cornerstone of formal Persian communication, specifically when addressing duality in relationships, legalities, or disputes. Derived from the Arabic root 'T-R-F' (meaning side or edge) and combined with the Arabic dual suffix '-ein', it literally translates to 'the two sides' or 'both parties'. Unlike the standard Persian plural forms that use '-ha' or '-an', this dual form explicitly limits the scope to exactly two entities, making it indispensable in contexts where a pair is interacting.

Legal Precision: In the realm of law and contracts (ghardad), tarafein refers to the signatory parties. Whether it is a marriage contract or a multi-million dollar business merger, the word defines the two legal entities bound by the agreement. It implies a mutual obligation and a reciprocal relationship.
Conflict Resolution: When mediators or diplomats discuss a war, a divorce, or a simple argument, they refer to the 'sides' as tarafein-e da'va (the parties to the claim). It suggests that there are two perspectives to be considered, balanced against each other.

در پایان مذاکرات، طرفین بیانیه مشترکی صادر کردند.
— "At the end of the negotiations, both parties issued a joint statement."

In everyday high-level Persian, you will hear this word on the news (Akhbar) daily. It is used to describe bilateral talks between countries, such as 'tarafein-e Irani va Amrika'i' (the Iranian and American sides). It carries a weight of formality that the word 'do taraf' (two sides) lacks. While 'do taraf' is physical (like two sides of a street), tarafein is abstract and human-centric.

رضایت طرفین برای انجام این معامله ضروری است.
— "The satisfaction of both parties is essential for conducting this transaction."

Social Context: Even in social settings, if a family is mediating a dispute between a husband and wife, they might say 'bayad harf-haye tarafein ra shenid' (one must hear the words of both sides). It elevates the conversation from gossip to a serious deliberation.

توافق طرفین حاصل شده است.

Using طرفین correctly requires understanding its role as a collective noun representing two distinct entities. It almost always functions as the subject or the object of a sentence involving interaction, agreement, or conflict. In Persian syntax, even though tarafein refers to two parties, the verb that follows it can sometimes be plural to emphasize the multiple people involved, though a singular verb is also common in formal writing when treating the 'two sides' as a single collective concept.

As a Subject: When tarafein is the subject, it usually initiates an action like signing, agreeing, or fighting. Example: 'Tarafein be tavoafog residand' (The parties reached an agreement).
With Prepositions: It is frequently used with 'beyn-e' (between). 'Beyn-e tarafein ekhtelaf vojud darad' (There is a disagreement between the two parties). This emphasizes the space or the relationship between them.

حقوق طرفین در این قرارداد به طور شفاف ذکر شده است.
— "The rights of both parties are clearly mentioned in this contract."

In academic and legal writing, you will see the phrase 'tarafein-e mo'ameleh' (the parties to the transaction). Here, the word is part of an Ezafe construction, linking it to the specific context of the interaction. If you are writing a formal letter or an essay about international relations, using tarafein instead of 'do keshvar' (two countries) adds a layer of professional nuance, focusing on their roles as negotiators rather than just geographic entities.

هیچ یک از طرفین مسئولیت حادثه را نپذیرفتند.
— "Neither of the parties accepted responsibility for the accident."

In Compound Phrases: 'Tarafein-e zinef' (the interested parties) is a common phrase in Iranian bureaucracy. It refers to anyone who has a stake in a decision, provided there are two primary sides.

The word طرفین is not something you would typically use while buying bread at a bakery, but it is ubiquitous in the 'serious' life of an Iranian. If you turn on the evening news on IRIB or listen to BBC Persian, you will hear it within the first ten minutes, usually regarding diplomacy or judicial rulings. It is the language of the 'official' world.

The Courtroom (Dadgah): In a legal setting, the judge (ghazi) addresses the plaintiff and the defendant collectively as tarafein. You might hear: 'Tarafein bayad madarek-e khod ra era'e dehand' (The parties must present their documents).
Business Negotiations: During a 'jalaseh' (meeting), a consultant might say, 'In gharardad be nafe-e tarafein ast' (This contract is to the benefit of both parties). It sounds more professional than saying 'be nafe-e har do'.

اخبار اعلام کرد که طرفین درگیر به آتش‌بس پایبند هستند.
— "The news announced that the warring parties are adhering to the ceasefire."

Interestingly, you also find tarafein in classical literature and formal invitations. In a high-end wedding invitation, the parents of the bride and groom might be referred to as 'tarafein-e khanevadeh' (both sides of the family), though this is slightly archaic. In modern Persian cinema, particularly in 'social dramas' (film-haye ejtema'i) that involve legal battles or family disputes, the word is used to highlight the formal distance between characters who are in conflict.

امضای طرفین ذیل تمام صفحات الزامی است.
— "The signatures of both parties are required at the bottom of all pages."

For English speakers, the most common mistake is failing to recognize the inherent 'two' built into the word طرفین. Because English uses 'parties' for both two and twenty groups, learners often try to use tarafein for a multi-lateral agreement involving five countries. This is grammatically incorrect in the context of the Arabic dual form.

Confusion with 'Atraf': Learners often confuse tarafein (two parties) with atraf (surroundings/sides in general). If you say 'atraf-e gharardad', it sounds like you are talking about the physical area around the piece of paper, rather than the people signing it.
Redundancy with 'Har do': A common stylistic error is saying 'har do tarafein' (both of the two parties). Since tarafein already means 'both parties', adding 'har do' is redundant, though you might hear it in colloquial speech for emphasis.

اشتباه: هر دو طرفین موافق بودند.
Correct: طرفین موافق بودند. (The parties were in agreement.)

Another mistake involves pronunciation. The ending is '-ein' (like the 'ein' in Einstein, but shorter), not '-in' (like 'seen'). Pronouncing it as 'tarafin' can sometimes make it sound like the plural 'tarafan' or confuse it with other words. It is also important not to use tarafein for inanimate objects unless they are being personified in a legal sense. You wouldn't say the 'tarafein' of a box; you would say 'do taraf-e ja'be'.

نکته: در فارسی مدرن، «طرفین» فقط برای دو نفر یا دو گروه به کار می‌رود.

While طرفین is the standard for formal duality, Persian offers several alternatives depending on the register and the number of entities involved. Understanding these nuances will help you sound more like a native speaker and less like a textbook.

Janibeyn (جانبین): This is a very high-level synonym, also an Arabic dual. It is almost exclusively used in formal literature or extremely dense legal texts. It focuses more on the 'flanks' or 'aspects' of a situation.
Do Taraf (دو طرف): The plain Persian equivalent. Use this for physical objects (two sides of a coin, two sides of a street) or in casual conversation. 'Har do taraf razi budand' is the informal way to say 'tarafein razi budand'.
Atraf (اطراف): The broken plural of 'taraf'. It means 'sides' (plural, more than two) or 'surroundings'. Use this for 'around the city' (atraf-e shahr) or 'the parties involved' when there are many.

مقایسه:
۱. طرفین (حقوقی/دو نفر)
۲. دو طرف (عمومی/فیزیکی)
۳. اطراف (جمع/محیط)

In political science, you might also encounter 'du-janebeh' (bilateral). While tarafein is a noun (the parties), 'du-janebeh' is an adjective describing the relationship. For example, 'mozaherat-e du-janebeh' (bilateral talks). Choosing between these depends on whether you are naming the actors or describing the action.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

While Persian usually uses '-ha' or '-an' for plurals, it kept some Arabic dual forms for specific concepts like parents (valideyn) and parties (tarafein).

发音指南

UK /tæ.ræ.feɪn/

US /tæ.ræ.feɪn/

The stress is on the final syllable '-ein'.

押韵词

جانبین (Janibeyn) فریقین (Fariqeyn) والدین (Valideyn) ثقلین (Saqaleyn) مشرقین (Mashreqeyn) مغربین (Maghrebeyn) حرمین (Harameyn) کسوتین (Kesvateyn)

常见错误

Pronouncing it 'tarafin' (like 'seen'). It should be 'ein' as in 'Einstein'.
Stress on the first syllable 'ta-'.
Merging the 'a' sounds into one long vowel.
Pronouncing 'f' as a 'v'.
Treating it as three syllables 'ta-ra-fein' (correct) vs 'tar-afein' (incorrect).

难度评级

阅读 3/5

Easy to recognize in formal texts once you know the -ein suffix.

写作 4/5

Requires knowledge of formal register and correct context.

口语 4/5

Pronunciation of the diphthong 'ein' can be tricky for beginners.

听力 3/5

Common in news media, easily identifiable.

接下来学什么

前置知识

طرف دو قرارداد بین با

接下来学习

جانبین ذینفع مفاد فسخ تعهد

高级

فریقین ثقلین والدین متبایعین

需要掌握的语法

Arabic Dual in Persian

Words like والدین (parents) and طرفین (parties) use the -ein suffix to denote exactly two.

Ezafe Construction

طرفینِ قرارداد (The parties of the contract).

Plural Verb Agreement

طرفین آمدند (The parties came) - verbs usually stay plural.

Prepositional Use

بینِ طرفین (Between the parties).

Formal Register

Using 'tarafein' instead of 'do taraf' to increase formality.

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按水平分级的例句

طرفین خوشحال هستند.

The two parties are happy.

Tarafein acts as the plural subject.

طرفین اینجا هستند.

Both sides are here.

Notice the use of 'hastand' (are) for plural.

سلام به طرفین.

Hello to both sides.

Used with the preposition 'be'.

طرفین قهوه می‌خورند.

Both parties are drinking coffee.

Simple present tense.

کتاب مال طرفین است.

The book belongs to both parties.

Possessive use.

طرفین با هم صحبت کردند.

The two sides talked with each other.

Simple past tense.

طرفین دوست هستند.

The two parties are friends.

Plural noun 'dust' (friends).

طرفین به خانه رفتند.

Both sides went home.

Plural verb 'raftand'.

طرفین قرارداد را دیدند.

The parties saw the contract.

Direct object 'ghardad' (contract).

توافق بین طرفین است.

The agreement is between the parties.

'Beyn' (between) is a common preposition with tarafein.

طرفین باید امضا کنند.

The parties must sign.

Modal verb 'bayad' (must).

طرفین در جلسه هستند.

The parties are in the meeting.

Locative 'dar' (in).

نام طرفین را بنویسید.

Write the names of the parties.

Ezafe construction 'nam-e tarafein'.

طرفین با هم اختلاف دارند.

The parties have a disagreement with each other.

Idiomatic ' اختلاف داشتن' (to have a disagreement).

آیا طرفین راضی هستند؟

Are the parties satisfied?

Interrogative 'aya'.

طرفین فردا می‌آیند.

The parties are coming tomorrow.

Future intent with present continuous.

طرفین به توافق نهایی رسیدند.

The parties reached a final agreement.

Adjective 'nahayi' (final) modifying 'tavofogh'.

این تصمیم به نفع طرفین است.

This decision is to the benefit of both parties.

Phrase 'be nafe-e' (to the benefit of).

طرفین از شرایط جدید مطلع شدند.

The parties were informed of the new conditions.

Passive-like construction with 'motale' shodan'.

مذاکرات بین طرفین ادامه دارد.

Negotiations between the parties continue.

Subject 'mozaherat' (negotiations) is plural.

طرفین متعهد به اجرای قرارداد هستند.

The parties are committed to executing the contract.

Adjective 'mota'ahhed' (committed).

حقوق طرفین باید حفظ شود.

The rights of the parties must be preserved.

Passive voice 'hefz shavad'.

طرفین در مورد قیمت بحث کردند.

The parties discussed the price.

Compound verb 'bahs kardan'.

نمایندگان طرفین فردا ملاقات می‌کنند.

The representatives of the parties will meet tomorrow.

Subject is 'namayandegan' (representatives).

طرفین دعوا در دادگاه حاضر شدند.

The parties to the dispute appeared in court.

Compound noun 'tarafein-e da'va'.

تعهدات طرفین در ماده سوم ذکر شده است.

The obligations of the parties are mentioned in the third article.

Plural noun 'ta'ahhodat' (obligations).

طرفین بر سر مسائل مرزی اختلاف دارند.

The parties have a dispute over border issues.

Prepositional phrase 'bar sar-e' (over/about).

امضای طرفین برای اعتبار سند الزامی است.

The signature of both parties is mandatory for the document's validity.

Adjective 'elzami' (mandatory).

طرفین خواستار برقراری آتش‌بس شدند.

The parties called for the establishment of a ceasefire.

Verb 'khastar shodan' (to demand/call for).

هر یک از طرفین می‌تواند قرارداد را فسخ کند.

Each of the parties can terminate the contract.

Phrase 'har yek az' (each one of).

طرفین از ابراز نظر در مورد جزئیات خودداری کردند.

The parties refrained from expressing opinions on the details.

Compound verb 'khoddari kardan' (to refrain).

تفاهم‌نامه‌ای میان طرفین به امضا رسید.

A memorandum of understanding was signed between the parties.

Formal word 'miyan' instead of 'beyn'.

طرفین متعاهد ملزم به رعایت مفاد معاهده هستند.

The contracting parties are obliged to observe the terms of the treaty.

Legal term 'mota'ahed' (contracting).

حفظ توازن میان منافع طرفین دشوار است.

Maintaining a balance between the interests of the parties is difficult.

Abstract noun 'tavazon' (balance).

طرفین با حسن نیت وارد مذاکره شدند.

The parties entered into negotiations in good faith.

Legal/Diplomatic idiom 'hosn-e niyyat' (good faith).

اظهارات طرفین در صورت‌جلسه ثبت گردید.

The statements of the parties were recorded in the minutes of the meeting.

Formal passive 'sabt gardid'.

طرفین نسبت به عواقب نقض پیمان هشدار دادند.

The parties warned about the consequences of breaching the pact.

Phrase 'nesbat be' (regarding/towards).

عدم پایبندی یکی از طرفین منجر به ابطال قرارداد شد.

The non-compliance of one of the parties led to the annulment of the contract.

Negative noun 'adam-e paybandi'.

طرفین بر ضرورت همکاری‌های دوجانبه تأکید ورزیدند.

The parties emphasized the necessity of bilateral cooperation.

Formal verb 'ta'kid varzidan' (to emphasize).

هرگونه تغییر در مفاد، منوط به موافقت کتبی طرفین است.

Any change in the terms is subject to the written agreement of the parties.

Conditional phrase 'monut be' (subject to).

طرفین در پیشگاه عدالت به برابری حقوقی اذعان داشتند.

The parties acknowledged legal equality before the presence of justice.

Archaic/Formal 'pishgah' (presence).

تراضی طرفین رکن اصلی صحت عقود اسلامی است.

The mutual consent of the parties is the main pillar of the validity of Islamic contracts.

Technical term 'tarazi' (mutual consent).

طرفین منازعه از پذیرش حکمیت داور بین‌المللی سر باز زدند.

The parties to the conflict refused to accept the arbitration of the international mediator.

Idiom 'sar baz zadan' (to refuse).

حق فسخ برای طرفین در صورت بروز فورس‌ماژور پیش‌بینی شده است.

The right of rescission for the parties is anticipated in case of force majeure.

Legal term 'fars-mazhor'.

طرفین با استناد به قوانین جاری، ادعاهای خود را مطرح نمودند.

The parties raised their claims by citing current laws.

Phrase 'ba estenad be' (citing/referring to).

مسئولیت تضامنی طرفین در قبال خسارات وارده احراز گردید.

The joint and several liability of the parties for the damages incurred was established.

Technical legal term 'mas'uliyat-e tazamoni'.

طرفین از هرگونه اقدام تحریک‌آمیز در منطقه اجتناب ورزیدند.

The parties refrained from any provocative actions in the region.

Formal verb 'ejtenab varzidan' (to refrain).

اراده باطنی طرفین در تفسیر قرارداد ملاک عمل خواهد بود.

The inner will of the parties will be the criterion for the interpretation of the contract.

Philosophical/Legal term 'erade-ye bateni'.

常见搭配

رضایت طرفین

توافق طرفین

طرفین دعوا

حقوق طرفین

طرفین قرارداد

مذاکرات طرفین

امضای طرفین

نفع طرفین

تعهدات طرفین

اختلاف طرفین

常用短语

با توافق طرفین

— By mutual agreement of both sides.

قرارداد با توافق طرفین فسخ شد.

به نفع طرفین

— To the benefit of both parties.

این معامله به نفع طرفین است.

حقوق و تکالیف طرفین

— Rights and duties of both parties.

حقوق و تکالیف طرفین در سند آمده است.

تراضی طرفین

— The mutual satisfaction/consent of the parties.

تراضی طرفین برای عقد نکاح لازم است.

طرفین ذینفع

— The interested parties.

طرفین ذینفع در جلسه شرکت کردند.

طرفین درگیر

— The parties involved (usually in a conflict).

طرفین درگیر به صلح دعوت شدند.

اظهارات طرفین

— Statements made by both sides.

قاضی به اظهارات طرفین گوش داد.

خواست طرفین

— The will or desire of both parties.

این تصمیم بر اساس خواست طرفین بود.

موافقت کتبی طرفین

— The written agreement of both parties.

تغییرات نیاز به موافقت کتبی طرفین دارد.

حضور طرفین

— The presence of both parties.

حضور طرفین در دادگاه الزامی است.

容易混淆的词

طرفین vs اطراف

Atraf means surroundings or many sides; tarafein is specifically two parties.

طرفین vs طرفدار

Tarafdar means a supporter or fan; tarafein are the primary actors/sides.

طرفین vs طرفه

Tarfeh is a rare word meaning unique or strange; unrelated to tarafein.

习语与表达

"طرفین ماجرا"

— The two sides of an event or story.

باید حرف‌های طرفین ماجرا را شنید.

Neutral

"به نفع طرفین تمام شدن"

— To end in a way that benefits both sides.

امیدوارم این بحث به نفع طرفین تمام شود.

Neutral

"طرفین را به آرامش دعوت کردن"

— To call both sides to remain calm.

پلیس طرفین را به آرامش دعوت کرد.

Formal

"میان طرفین واسطه شدن"

— To mediate between two parties.

او میان طرفین واسطه شد تا صلح برقرار کند.

Formal

"طرفین را رو در رو کردن"

— To bring both parties face to face.

مدیر طرفین را رو در رو کرد تا مشکل حل شود.

Neutral

"برنده-برنده برای طرفین"

— A win-win situation for both parties.

این یک بازی برنده-برنده برای طرفین است.

Modern/Business

"از دید طرفین"

— From the perspective of both parties.

باید موضوع را از دید طرفین بررسی کرد.

Neutral

"طرفین کوتاه آمدند"

— Both sides compromised or backed down.

بالاخره طرفین کوتاه آمدند و توافق کردند.

Informal/Neutral

"طرفین را به میز مذاکره کشاندن"

— To bring both parties to the negotiating table.

تلاش‌ها برای کشاندن طرفین به میز مذاکره ادامه دارد.

Political

"یک سوزن به خود، یک جوالدوز به طرفین"

— A variation of the idiom 'a needle to yourself...', implying fairness to both sides.

در قضاوت، یک سوزن به خودت بزن و یک جوالدوز به طرفین.

Literary/Proverbial

容易混淆

طرفین vs اطراف

Both come from 'taraf'.

Atraf is plural (3+), Tarafein is dual (2). Atraf often refers to physical areas.

اطراف شهر (Around the city) vs طرفین قرارداد (Parties to the contract).

طرفین vs جانبین

Both are Arabic duals meaning 'two sides'.

Janibeyn is much more formal/literary and less common in daily news.

مصالح جانبین (The interests of both sides).

طرفین vs والدین

Both share the '-ein' suffix.

Valideyn means parents; Tarafein means parties.

والدین کودک (The child's parents) vs طرفین دعوا (The parties to the lawsuit).

طرفین vs طرفداری

Similar root.

Tarafdari is the act of supporting someone; tarafein are the sides themselves.

او از یکی از طرفین طرفداری کرد. (He supported one of the parties.)

طرفین vs دوجانبه

Both imply 'two'.

Dojanebeh is an adjective (bilateral); Tarafein is a noun (the parties).

مذاکرات دوجانبه (Bilateral talks) vs طرفین مذاکره (The parties of the talk).

句型

[Tarafein] + [Verb]

طرفین آمدند.

بین [Tarafein] + [Noun] + وجود دارد

بین طرفین اختلاف وجود دارد.

به نفع [Tarafein] + است

این به نفع طرفین است.

[Tarafein-e] + [Noun] + [Verb]

طرفین قرارداد امضا کردند.

رضایت [Tarafein] + برای + [Noun] + لازم است

رضایت طرفین برای معامله لازم است.

با استناد به [Tarafein]...

با استناد به توافق طرفین...

هر یک از [Tarafein]...

هر یک از طرفین حق دارند...

تراضی [Tarafein] در [Context]...

تراضی طرفین در عقود معوض...

词族

名词

طرف (Side)

اطراف (Surroundings)

طرفدار (Supporter)

طرفداری (Support)

动词

طرف شدن (To face/confront)

形容词

یک‌طرفه (One-sided)

دوجانبه (Bilateral)

بی‌طرف (Neutral)

如何使用

frequency

Extremely high in formal writing; low in casual speech.

常见错误

طرفین‌ها (Tarafeinha) → طرفین (Tarafein)
Adding a Persian plural to an Arabic dual is a grammar error.
هر دو طرفین (Har do tarafein) → طرفین (Tarafein)
It is redundant because tarafein already means 'both'.
Using it for 3 countries. → اطراف (Atraf)
Tarafein is only for two entities.
Pronouncing it 'tarafin'. → tarafein
The diphthong 'ei' is important for formal clarity.
Using it for a box. → دو طرف جعبه
Tarafein is usually for people or legal entities.

小贴士

Dual Suffix

Remember that '-ein' always means two. You see it in 'والدین' (parents) too.

Be Formal

Use 'tarafein' in emails to clients to sound more professional.

Legal Context

If you see 'da'va' (dispute), 'tarafein' is likely nearby.

News Language

Listening to the radio is the best way to hear 'tarafein' in action.

No Redundancy

Don't say 'har do tarafein'. Just 'tarafein' is enough.

Ezafe Use

Always link it with the context: 'tarafein-e gharardad'.

The 'Ein' Sound

Practice the sound like the 'ay' in 'say' but ending in 'n'.

The Rule of Two

If there's a third person, 'tarafein' leaves the room.

Scanning

Scan legal documents for this word to find who the agreement is between.

Mediation

Use this word to stay neutral when helping two friends resolve a fight.

记住它

记忆技巧

Imagine two 'TARAfs' (sides) fighting over a 'FEIN' (fine) - they are the 'Tarafein'.

视觉联想

Imagine a scale with two identical plates. Each plate is one 'taraf', and together they are the 'tarafein'.

Word Web

Legal Contract Two Agreement Dispute Bilateral Court Negotiation

挑战

Try to write a sentence about a marriage contract using 'tarafein' to refer to the bride and groom.

词源

Derived from the Arabic word 'طرف' (taraf) meaning 'side' or 'extremity'. The suffix '-ein' is the Arabic dual marker.

原始含义： The two ends or the two sides.

Semitic (Arabic) root, borrowed into Indo-European (Persian).

文化背景

Always ensure you are only referring to two entities. Using it for three or more can sound like a grammatical error.

In English law, we say 'the parties'. In Persian, 'tarafein' is the direct equivalent, carrying the same weight of formality.

Used extensively in the Iranian Civil Code (Ghanun-e Madani). Common in news reports regarding the '5+1' negotiations (though that involved more parties, 'tarafein' was used for Iran vs the Group). Found in Rumi's poetry when discussing the duality of the soul and body.

在生活中练习

真实语境

Law Court

طرفین دعوا
اظهارات طرفین
حکم به نفع طرفین
حضور طرفین

Business Contract

طرفین قرارداد
امضای طرفین
تعهدات طرفین
فسخ توسط طرفین

Diplomacy

طرفین مذاکره
بیانیه مشترک طرفین
توافق طرفین
طرفین درگیر

Marriage

رضایت طرفین
طرفین عقد
خانواده‌های طرفین
توافق طرفین

Debate

دیدگاه‌های طرفین
بحث بین طرفین
استدلال طرفین
طرفین ماجرا

对话开场白

"آیا طرفین به توافق رسیدند؟ (Did the parties reach an agreement?)"

"نظر شما در مورد ادعاهای طرفین چیست؟ (What is your opinion on the claims of the parties?)"

"چگونه می‌توان بین طرفین صلح برقرار کرد؟ (How can peace be established between the parties?)"

"آیا این قرارداد به نفع طرفین است؟ (Is this contract to the benefit of both parties?)"

"کدام یک از طرفین مقصر است؟ (Which of the parties is at fault?)"

日记主题

در مورد یک اختلاف که در آن طرفین به تفاهم رسیدند بنویسید. (Write about a dispute where the parties reached an understanding.)

چرا رضایت طرفین در یک معامله مهم است؟ (Why is the consent of both parties important in a transaction?)

نقش میانجی در حل اختلاف بین طرفین چیست؟ (What is the role of a mediator in resolving a dispute between parties?)

تفاوت بین 'دو طرف' و 'طرفین' در متن‌های رسمی چیست؟ (What is the difference between 'two sides' and 'parties' in formal texts?)

یک قرارداد خیالی بین دو شرکت بنویسید و از واژه طرفین استفاده کنید. (Write an imaginary contract between two companies and use the word 'tarafein'.)

常见问题

10 个问题

No, 'tarafein' is strictly for two. For three or more, use 'atraf' or 'goruh-ha'.

Only in formal situations like business meetings or legal discussions. In casual speech, people say 'do taraf' or 'har do'.

It is an Arabic dual suffix meaning 'two of'. Persian borrowed it for several formal words.

It is a noun meaning 'the two parties'.

No, that is a double plural and is grammatically incorrect. 'Tarafein' is already plural.

Usually no. For two sides of a coin or box, use 'do taraf'.

You say 'yeki az tarafein'.

The correct formal pronunciation is 'tarafein' (diphthong), though in some dialects it might sound like 'in'.

Yes, it is very common in news to refer to two countries in a dispute or agreement as 'tarafein'.

It is plural, so you use plural verbs (e.g., tarafein amadand).

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