chaud(e)
chaud(e) 30秒了解
- Chaud means 'hot' or 'warm' and is used for weather, food, and physical sensations.
- Use 'avoir chaud' to say a person feels hot, never 'être chaud' for physical heat.
- Use 'il fait chaud' for the weather and 'c'est chaud' for objects or situations.
- The feminine form is 'chaude' and the plural forms are 'chauds' and 'chaudes'.
The French adjective chaud (masculine) and chaude (feminine) is a fundamental building block of the French language, primarily used to describe temperature. At its most basic level, it translates to 'hot' or 'warm' in English. However, its application in French is nuanced and requires a solid understanding of auxiliary verbs to avoid embarrassing social blunders. Unlike English, where we use the verb 'to be' to describe our physical state of feeling heat, French utilizes the verb avoir (to have). Therefore, saying 'I am hot' becomes j'ai chaud (literally, 'I have heat').
- Physical Temperature
- Used to describe objects, liquids, or the environment that possess a high degree of heat. For example, a cup of coffee or a summer afternoon.
Attention, la soupe est encore très chaude.
Beyond the physical, chaud extends into the realm of emotions and social situations. It can describe a 'warm' welcome (un accueil chaud), though chaleureux is often preferred for personality traits. In modern informal French, chaud has taken on a slang meaning similar to 'down' or 'up for it' in English. If a friend asks if you want to go to the cinema, you might reply, Je suis chaud !, meaning 'I'm down!' or 'I'm game!' This is one of the few instances where using être with chaud is socially acceptable among young people, though it carries a risk of double entendre.
- Emotional Resonance
- The word evokes comfort, such as a 'chaud lapin' (a bit of a womanizer, but literally a hot rabbit) or the comfort of 'garder au chaud' (keeping something warm/ready).
Il fait un temps chaud et humide aujourd'hui.
In a professional context, chaud can describe a 'hot' topic or a 'heated' debate (une discussion chaude). It implies intensity and urgency. When something is 'just out of the oven' or brand new, we use the expression tout chaud. This versatility makes it one of the first adjectives a learner must master to describe their daily experiences, from the food they eat to the weather they endure and the enthusiasm they feel for new projects.
Using chaud correctly involves mastering three distinct grammatical structures depending on what is being described: an object, a person's sensation, or the weather. For objects, chaud functions as a standard adjective and must agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies. The masculine singular is chaud, the feminine singular is chaude, the masculine plural is chauds, and the feminine plural is chaudes.
- Agreement Rules
- Le pain est chaud (Masculine). La pizza est chaude (Feminine). Les plats sont chauds (Masculine Plural). Les boissons sont chaudes (Feminine Plural).
Elle préfère boire de l'eau chaude avec du citron le matin.
When describing a person's physical sensation of heat, the structure changes to Sujet + avoir + chaud. In this construction, chaud acts as a noun (heat) and remains invariable. You do not add an 'e' if a woman is speaking. Elle a chaud is correct; Elle a chaude is incorrect. This is a common point of confusion for English speakers who are used to saying 'She is hot'.
Nous avons très chaud dans cette petite pièce sans fenêtre.
In more advanced usage, chaud can follow verbs of state like sembler (to seem) or devenir (to become). For example, Le moteur devient chaud (The engine is getting hot). It can also be used adverbially in certain expressions like servir chaud (to serve hot), where it remains in the masculine singular form regardless of the food being served, because it modifies the action of serving rather than the noun itself.
In daily French life, chaud is ubiquitous. You will hear it every morning at the boulangerie when the baker announces that the baguettes are tout chaud. It is a word of comfort and necessity. In restaurants, waiters will warn you, Attention, c'est chaud ! as they place a plate in front of you. This use of C'est chaud refers to the object or the situation, not the person.
- In the Kitchen
- Chefs use it constantly to describe the state of pans, ovens, and sauces. 'Garder au chaud' is a standard instruction in recipes.
Les croissants sortent du four, ils sont encore tout chauds !
On the streets, especially during the summer months or 'la canicule' (heatwave), the phrase Il fait trop chaud becomes a national mantra. You'll hear it in the metro, in shops, and during small talk. Conversely, in winter, the desire for un bon chocolat chaud (a good hot chocolate) is a common topic of conversation. The word carries a sense of physical reality that dictates much of French social rhythm.
C'était chaud pour attraper le train à la dernière minute !
In the media, weather presenters use it to describe rising temperatures, and sports commentators use it to describe a 'hot' streak or a player who is performing exceptionally well. In political discourse, a 'dossier chaud' refers to a sensitive or controversial issue that is currently being debated. The word is dynamic, moving from the literal heat of a stove to the metaphorical heat of a tense social moment.
The most significant pitfall for English speakers is the 'Avoir vs Être' dilemma. In English, we say 'I am hot'. If you translate this literally into French as Je suis chaud, you are not saying you feel the heat. Instead, you are saying 'I am horny' or, in very modern slang, 'I am ready/excited for this'. While the latter is common among friends, the former can lead to extremely awkward situations in formal or family settings.
- The 'Je suis chaud' Trap
- Mistake: Je suis chaud (I am hot). Correct: J'ai chaud (I feel hot). Use 'avoir' for physical sensations.
Ouvre la fenêtre, s'il te plaît, j'ai chaud.
Another common error is the confusion between Il fait chaud and C'est chaud. Use Il fait chaud strictly for the weather or the ambient temperature of a room. Use C'est chaud to describe a specific object you are touching (like a plate) or a situation that is difficult or intense. Saying Il est chaud when referring to the weather is a classic 'anglicisme' that sounds very unnatural to native ears.
Il fait chaud dehors, n'oublie pas ta bouteille d'eau.
Finally, learners often forget the feminine agreement for objects. While chaud is the default, chaude must be used for feminine nouns. A common mistake is saying la soupe est chaud instead of la soupe est chaude. The 'd' in chaud is silent, but the 'd' in chaude is pronounced, making this an important distinction for both writing and speaking.
While chaud is the most common word for 'hot', French offers several alternatives that provide more precision. If something is extremely hot, almost burning, the word brûlant is used. This is often used for coffee that is too hot to drink or a surface that might cause a burn. On the other end of the spectrum, if something is lukewarm or pleasantly warm, tiède is the appropriate term.
- Chaud vs. Chaleureux
- 'Chaud' refers to physical temperature. 'Chaleureux' refers to a warm personality or a cozy atmosphere. You have a 'chaleureuse' welcome, not a 'chaude' one.
Le sable était brûlant sous le soleil de midi.
For weather, if it is not just hot but stifling or oppressive, you might use lourd (heavy) or étouffant (stifling). These words convey the humidity and discomfort often associated with high temperatures. In a culinary context, relevé or épicé are used for 'hot' as in spicy. Using chaud to describe a spicy curry would be understood as the temperature of the dish, not the level of chili.
Ce plat est très épicé, fais attention si tu n'aimes pas le piment.
In formal writing, instead of saying il fait chaud, one might use la température est élevée (the temperature is high). To describe a person who is very active or 'hot' in terms of speed, vif or rapide are better choices. Understanding these nuances allows a learner to move beyond basic descriptions and express specific sensations and observations with the same precision as a native speaker.
How Formal Is It?
趣味小知识
The word 'chaud' shares the same root as the English word 'calorie' and 'cauldron'.
发音指南
- Pronouncing the 'd' in the masculine form.
- Making the 'o' sound too long like 'shoe'.
- Forgetting to pronounce the 'd' in the feminine 'chaude'.
- Nasalizing the 'o' sound.
- Confusing the 'sh' sound with 'ch' as in 'church'.
难度评级
Very easy to recognize in text.
Requires attention to gender agreement.
The silent 'd' in masculine and pronounced 'd' in feminine can be tricky.
Generally easy to hear, but can be confused with 'show' or 'chez' by beginners.
接下来学什么
前置知识
接下来学习
高级
需要掌握的语法
Adjective Agreement
Le pain chaud / La brioche chaude.
Avoir for Sensations
J'ai chaud (not Je suis chaud).
Faire for Weather
Il fait chaud (not Il est chaud).
Position of Adjectives
Un café chaud (usually after the noun).
Invariable chaud with Avoir
Elles ont chaud (no 's' added).
按水平分级的例句
J'ai chaud.
I am hot.
Uses 'avoir' for physical sensation.
Il fait chaud aujourd'hui.
It is hot today.
Uses 'faire' for weather.
Le café est chaud.
The coffee is hot.
Adjective agreement with masculine 'café'.
La soupe est chaude.
The soup is hot.
Adjective agreement with feminine 'soupe'.
Tu as chaud ?
Are you hot?
Question form with 'avoir'.
Il ne fait pas chaud.
It is not hot.
Negation with 'faire'.
Un chocolat chaud, s'il vous plaît.
A hot chocolate, please.
Common noun phrase.
L'eau est chaude.
The water is hot.
Adjective agreement with feminine 'eau'.
Les plats sont très chauds.
The dishes are very hot.
Plural agreement 'chauds'.
C'est chaud, ne touche pas !
It's hot, don't touch!
Use of 'C'est' for an object.
Il fait trop chaud pour courir.
It's too hot to run.
Adverb 'trop' modifying 'chaud'.
Elle porte une veste chaude.
She is wearing a warm jacket.
Adjective 'chaude' describing clothing.
Nous avons chaud dans le bus.
We are hot in the bus.
Plural subject with 'avoir chaud'.
Le pain est encore tout chaud.
The bread is still very hot.
'Tout' used as an intensifier.
Est-ce que la douche est chaude ?
Is the shower hot?
Interrogative with 'est-ce que'.
Il fait plus chaud qu'hier.
It is hotter than yesterday.
Comparative structure 'plus... que'.
Cette nouvelle me fait chaud au cœur.
This news warms my heart.
Idiomatic expression.
C'est un dossier très chaud pour le gouvernement.
It's a very hot topic for the government.
Metaphorical use for 'sensitive'.
Attention, il a le sang chaud !
Watch out, he has a hot temper!
Idiom for 'quick-tempered'.
On a eu chaud, on a failli rater l'avion.
That was close, we almost missed the plane.
Idiom 'avoir chaud' meaning 'to have a close shave'.
La discussion est devenue très chaude.
The discussion became very heated.
Metaphorical use for 'intense'.
Il faut battre le fer tant qu'il est chaud.
Strike while the iron is hot.
Proverbial usage.
Je garde ton café au chaud.
I'm keeping your coffee warm.
Expression 'garder au chaud'.
Il fait une chaleur de bête !
It's beastly hot!
Colloquial expression for extreme heat.
T'es chaud pour une rando demain ?
Are you up for a hike tomorrow?
Informal slang 'être chaud'.
Le débat sur le climat est un sujet chaud.
The climate debate is a hot topic.
Adjective describing a current issue.
Elle a été accueillie par de chauds applaudissements.
She was welcomed by warm applause.
Formal adjective use.
C'est chaud de trouver un appart ici.
It's tough to find an apartment here.
Slang 'C'est chaud' meaning 'it's difficult'.
Le moteur est encore chaud après le trajet.
The engine is still hot after the trip.
Physical state of a machine.
Ils sont restés bien au chaud pendant la tempête.
They stayed nice and warm during the storm.
Expression 'bien au chaud'.
La situation est devenue chaude entre les deux pays.
The situation became tense between the two countries.
Metaphorical use for 'tense'.
Je ne suis pas très chaud pour cette idée.
I'm not very keen on that idea.
Informal use for 'enthusiastic'.
Une chaude alerte a secoué la bourse ce matin.
A serious scare shook the stock market this morning.
Idiomatic 'chaude alerte'.
Il a versé de chaudes larmes en apprenant la nouvelle.
He shed hot tears upon hearing the news.
Literary expression.
Le public a réservé un accueil chaud aux acteurs.
The audience gave the actors a warm welcome.
Formal use of 'chaud'.
C'est un point chaud de la biodiversité mondiale.
It's a global biodiversity hotspot.
Scientific term 'point chaud'.
L'ambiance était chaude dans le stade.
The atmosphere was electric in the stadium.
Metaphorical for 'electric/intense'.
Il s'est retrouvé dans une situation bien chaude.
He found himself in a very tricky situation.
Colloquial for 'dangerous/tricky'.
La rumeur court encore toute chaude.
The rumor is still fresh.
Metaphorical for 'fresh/new'.
Elle a le tempérament chaud des gens du sud.
She has the fiery temperament of people from the south.
Stereotypical/Literary use.
La polémique reste chaude malgré les explications.
The controversy remains fresh despite the explanations.
Abstract usage.
Il a agi dans la chaleur du moment.
He acted in the heat of the moment.
Related noun 'chaleur'.
Les braises étaient encore chaudes sous la cendre.
The embers were still hot under the ash.
Precise physical description.
Cette affaire est une patate chaude pour le ministre.
This case is a hot potato for the minister.
Idiomatic 'patate chaude'.
Le ton est monté, la dispute était chaude.
Voices were raised, the argument was intense.
Describing intensity of interaction.
C'est une zone de contact chaude entre deux plaques.
It's a hot contact zone between two plates.
Geological context.
Il nous a servi un discours chaud et vibrant.
He delivered a warm and vibrant speech.
Rhetorical use.
La traque était chaude, ils l'ont presque arrêté.
The pursuit was close, they almost caught him.
Describing a close pursuit.
常见搭配
常用短语
— To be inconsistent or ambivalent.
Il souffle le chaud et le froid dans cette relation.
容易混淆的词
Chaud is for temperature; chaleureux is for personality or atmosphere.
Chaud is for temperature; épicé is for spicy food.
Chaud is hot; brûlant is extremely hot/burning.
习语与表达
— To be passionate or quick-tempered.
Il a le sang chaud, il s'énerve vite.
standard— To get angry very quickly.
Il est monté comme une soupe au lait.
idiomatic— Strike while the iron is hot.
On doit signer le contrat maintenant, il faut battre le fer tant qu'il est chaud.
proverb— A womanizer or someone with a high sex drive.
C'est un vrai chaud lapin, celui-là !
informal— To be reluctant to do something.
Je ne suis pas chaud pour sortir ce soir.
informal— A difficult problem no one wants to handle.
Ce dossier est une vraie patate chaude.
informal— To be scolded or to feel someone is talking about you.
Il va avoir les oreilles chaudes quand il rentrera.
informal— It's not easy (Quebec expression).
C'est pas chaud de finir ce travail.
regional容易混淆
Similar sound.
Chou means cabbage or cute; chaud means hot.
C'est un petit chou vs C'est un peu chaud.
Similar starting sound.
Chez is a preposition (at the house of); chaud is an adjective.
Chez moi vs J'ai chaud.
Similar starting sound.
Choix means choice; chaud means hot.
C'est mon choix vs C'est chaud.
Adverbial form.
Chaud is the adjective; chaudement is the adverb (warmly).
Habille-toi chaudement.
Noun form.
Chaud is the adjective; chaleur is the noun (heat).
La chaleur est forte.
句型
J'ai [chaud].
J'ai chaud.
Il fait [chaud].
Il fait chaud.
Le/La [noun] est [chaud/chaude].
La soupe est chaude.
C'est [chaud].
C'est chaud.
Ça me fait [chaud] au cœur.
Ça me fait chaud au cœur.
Avoir eu [chaud].
On a eu chaud.
Être [chaud] pour [verb].
Je suis chaud pour sortir.
Une [chaude] [noun].
Une chaude alerte.
词族
名词
动词
形容词
相关
如何使用
Extremely high in daily life.
-
Je suis chaud.
→
J'ai chaud.
Using 'être' implies a sexual or slang meaning instead of physical sensation.
-
Il est chaud dehors.
→
Il fait chaud dehors.
Weather requires the verb 'faire'.
-
La soupe est chaud.
→
La soupe est chaude.
Adjectives must agree with feminine nouns.
-
J'ai chaude.
→
J'ai chaud.
When using 'avoir chaud', the word 'chaud' acts as a noun and is invariable.
-
C'est un repas très chaud (spicy).
→
C'est un repas très épicé.
'Chaud' only refers to temperature, not spice level.
小贴士
Avoir vs Être
Always use 'avoir' for physical sensations of heat. 'J'ai chaud' is the standard way to say you feel hot.
Weather Verb
Remember that 'faire' is the only verb used with 'chaud' for weather. 'Il fait chaud' is the rule.
Silent D
The 'd' is silent in 'chaud'. Don't say 'chode'. It sounds like 'show'.
Slang Warning
Be careful with 'Je suis chaud' around people you don't know well; it's very informal.
Agreement
Check your noun gender! 'La pizza est chaude' needs that 'e'.
Context Matters
If you hear 'C'est chaud', look at what the person is pointing to—it could be a plate or a situation.
Heart Warming
Use 'ça me fait chaud au cœur' to thank someone for a kind gesture.
Food Temperature
French people prefer their coffee and soup 'bien chaud' (very hot).
I'm Down
If someone asks 'Tu viens ?', you can say 'Je suis chaud !' to show enthusiasm.
Not Spicy
Never use 'chaud' for spicy. You will confuse the waiter!
记住它
记忆技巧
Think of a 'CHAU-ffeur' driving a 'HOT' car. Chaud sounds like the beginning of chauffeur.
视觉联想
Imagine a steaming cup of 'CHOC-olat' chaud. The 'ch' sound connects them.
Word Web
挑战
Try to use 'j'ai chaud', 'il fait chaud', and 'c'est chaud' in three different sentences today.
词源
Derived from the Latin word 'calidus', which means hot or warm. It evolved through Old French 'chaut' before becoming the modern 'chaud'.
原始含义: Possessing heat or warmth.
Romance (Latin-based).文化背景
Be careful with 'Je suis chaud' in formal settings due to its slang and sexual connotations.
English speakers often struggle with 'avoir chaud' vs 'être chaud' because English uses 'to be' for both sensations and characteristics.
在生活中练习
真实语境
Weather
- Il fait chaud.
- Quelle chaleur !
- Il fait trop chaud.
- La météo annonce du chaud.
Dining
- C'est chaud ?
- Servez-le chaud.
- Un café chaud.
- Attention aux assiettes chaudes.
Feelings
- J'ai chaud.
- Tu as chaud ?
- On a chaud ici.
- Elle commence à avoir chaud.
Slang/Social
- Je suis chaud.
- C'est chaud !
- T'es chaud ?
- C'était chaud.
Household
- L'eau chaude.
- Le chauffage.
- Garder au chaud.
- Mettre au chaud.
对话开场白
"Il fait vraiment chaud aujourd'hui, n'est-ce pas ?"
"Tu préfères le temps chaud ou le temps froid ?"
"Est-ce que tu es chaud pour aller boire un verre ce soir ?"
"Tu aimes boire ton café très chaud ou un peu tiède ?"
"Quelle est la ville la plus chaude que tu as visitée ?"
日记主题
Décris une journée où il faisait vraiment trop chaud. Qu'as-tu fait ?
Qu'est-ce qui te fait chaud au cœur dans la vie ?
Est-ce que tu es plutôt 'chaud lapin' ou timide en amour ?
Raconte une situation qui était 'chaude' (difficile) pour toi récemment.
Pourquoi est-il important de manger un repas chaud selon toi ?
常见问题
10 个问题You must say 'J'ai chaud'. Using 'Je suis chaud' can imply sexual arousal or that you are ready for something in slang.
The feminine form is 'chaude'. You use it for feminine nouns like 'la soupe' or 'l'eau'.
Use the expression 'Il fait chaud'. For example, 'Il fait chaud aujourd'hui'.
No, in French 'chaud' only refers to temperature. For spicy food, use 'épicé' or 'relevé'.
No, the 'd' is silent in the masculine form 'chaud'. However, it is pronounced in the feminine form 'chaude'.
In slang, 'C'est chaud' can mean 'That's difficult', 'That's risky', or 'That's intense'.
It is 'un chocolat chaud'.
'Chaud' is for physical temperature. 'Chaleureux' is for a warm welcome, a warm person, or a cozy room.
Yes, it becomes 'chauds' for masculine plural and 'chaudes' for feminine plural.
Yes, in informal slang among friends, 'Je suis chaud' means 'I'm down' or 'I'm up for it'.
自我测试 200 个问题
Translate: I am hot.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Translate: It is hot today.
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Translate: The soup is hot.
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Translate: A hot chocolate, please.
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Translate: The coffee is very hot.
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Translate: Are you hot? (singular/informal)
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Translate: It's too hot to work.
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Translate: The water is not hot.
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Translate: I'm down for a pizza! (slang)
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Translate: That warms my heart.
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Translate: Keep the meal warm.
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Translate: We had a narrow escape.
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Translate: The bread is freshly baked (all hot).
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Translate: He has a hot temper.
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Translate: It's a hot topic.
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Translate: She is crying hot tears.
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Translate: The engine is hot.
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Translate: It's a difficult situation. (slang)
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Translate: The plates are hot.
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Translate: I don't care. (using chaud/froid)
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Say 'I am hot' in French.
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Say 'It is hot today' in French.
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Say 'The coffee is hot' in French.
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Say 'The soup is hot' in French.
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Ask a friend if they are hot.
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Say 'It's too hot' in French.
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Say 'I'm down for a coffee' using slang.
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Say 'That warms my heart' in French.
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Say 'Watch out, it's hot!'
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Say 'I want a hot chocolate'.
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Say 'The water is warm' (lukewarm).
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Say 'It's a hot day'.
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Say 'I had a narrow escape'.
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Say 'He is quick-tempered'.
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Say 'The bread is fresh and hot'.
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Say 'I am not keen on that'.
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Say 'The plates are hot'.
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Say 'It's beastly hot!'.
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Say 'Strike while the iron is hot'.
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Say 'I don't care' (using chaud/froid).
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Listen and write: 'J'ai très chaud.'
Listen and write: 'Il fait chaud dehors.'
Listen and write: 'La soupe est chaude.'
Listen and write: 'Un chocolat chaud.'
Listen and write: 'Attention, c'est chaud !'
Listen and write: 'Tu as chaud ?'
Listen and write: 'Le pain est tout chaud.'
Listen and write: 'On a eu chaud.'
Listen and write: 'Il a le sang chaud.'
Listen and write: 'Ça me fait chaud au cœur.'
Listen and write: 'L'eau est trop chaude.'
Listen and write: 'Je suis chaud pour sortir.'
Listen and write: 'C'est un sujet chaud.'
Listen and write: 'Garder au chaud.'
Listen and write: 'Il fait trop chaud.'
/ 200 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
The most important rule for 'chaud' is the verb choice: use 'avoir' for people's feelings and 'faire' for the weather. For example, 'J'ai chaud' means 'I feel hot'.
- Chaud means 'hot' or 'warm' and is used for weather, food, and physical sensations.
- Use 'avoir chaud' to say a person feels hot, never 'être chaud' for physical heat.
- Use 'il fait chaud' for the weather and 'c'est chaud' for objects or situations.
- The feminine form is 'chaude' and the plural forms are 'chauds' and 'chaudes'.
Avoir vs Être
Always use 'avoir' for physical sensations of heat. 'J'ai chaud' is the standard way to say you feel hot.
Weather Verb
Remember that 'faire' is the only verb used with 'chaud' for weather. 'Il fait chaud' is the rule.
Silent D
The 'd' is silent in 'chaud'. Don't say 'chode'. It sounds like 'show'.
Slang Warning
Be careful with 'Je suis chaud' around people you don't know well; it's very informal.
例句
Le café est trop chaud.
相关内容
更多general词汇
à cause de
A2一个介词短语,用于引导某事的原因,通常用于负面或中性的情况。意思是“因为”或“由于”。
à côté
A2在……旁边;靠近。
à côté de
A2Next to, beside.
À droite
A2向右或在右侧。例如:“在路口向右转”。
À gauche
A2To the left; on the left side.
à la
A2介词“à”和阴性定冠词“la”的组合,意思是“到……”或“在……”。
à laquelle
B2To which; at which (feminine singular).
à mesure que
B2随着;与之成比例。
abrégé
B1An abstract, summary, or abridgment.
absence
A2The state of being away from a place or person.