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A2 verb #3,500 最常用 14分钟阅读

exclure

前3,500

开始练习例句笔记与提示 exclure 30秒了解

解析 exclure in your Level:

At the A1 level, the word 'exclure' might seem a bit advanced, but it is very useful for basic social interactions. It means 'to leave out' or 'to not include.' Imagine you are playing a game with friends and one person is not allowed to play; they are 'exclu.' At this stage, you should focus on the simple present tense: 'Je t'exclus' (I exclude you) or 'Il m'exclut' (He excludes me). It is important to remember that it is the opposite of 'inclure' (to include). You might use it to talk about your family or your school. For example, 'Mon frère m'exclut de sa chambre' (My brother excludes me from his room). Even though you are just starting, knowing this word helps you describe how people interact in a group. Don't worry about the difficult grammar yet; just think of it as 'not being part of something.' You will often see it in simple stories where a character feels sad because they are excluded from a party or a group of friends. It is a very emotional word, even at a basic level. Try to use it with the preposition 'de' to say what someone is being left out of. For instance, 'exclure de la liste' (to exclude from the list). This will help you build simple but clear sentences about everyday life and social situations. Remember, the 'u' sound is like the 'u' in 'salut'—you need to round your lips tightly. Practice saying 'exclure' slowly to get the sound right. It is a great word to have in your vocabulary early on because it is used in so many different ways as you get better at French.

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At the A2 level, you are starting to use more verbs to describe social rules and simple logic. 'Exclure' is a key verb for this. You will use it to talk about school rules, club memberships, or simple decisions. For example, 'L'école peut exclure un élève s'il ne respecte pas les règles' (The school can exclude a student if they don't follow the rules). At this level, you should start to learn the past tense (passé composé): 'Il a été exclu' (He was excluded). Notice that we often use it with 'être' to say what happened to someone. This is called the passive voice, and it is very common with this verb. You can also use it to talk about simple choices. If you are choosing between two flavors of ice cream, you might 'exclure' the one you don't like. 'J'exclus le chocolat car je préfère la vanille' (I rule out chocolate because I prefer vanilla). This shows you are using the word for more than just social situations. You are starting to use it for logical thinking. Another important thing for A2 learners is the spelling. In the present tense, it is 'il exclut' with a 't,' but the past participle is 'exclu' without a 't.' This is a common point of confusion. Also, remember that the word changes for girls: 'Elle est exclue' with an 'e' at the end. At the A2 level, you should be able to understand 'exclure' when you hear it in a simple news story or read it in a school announcement. It is a word that helps you understand the boundaries of groups and the consequences of actions. Keep practicing the 'u' sound and the 'de' preposition, and you will be able to use 'exclure' confidently in many everyday situations.

At the B1 level, you are moving into more abstract and professional uses of 'exclure.' You will encounter it in discussions about social issues, work environments, and more complex logic. For example, you might talk about 'l'exclusion sociale' (social exclusion) and how it affects people who are poor or unemployed. This is a common topic in French intermediate exams and conversation classes. You should also be comfortable using 'exclure' to rule out possibilities in a more sophisticated way. 'Nous ne pouvons pas exclure la possibilité d'un retard' (We cannot rule out the possibility of a delay). This phrase is very common in business and formal communication. At B1, you should also learn the reflexive form 's'exclure.' This means to exclude oneself. 'Il s'exclut du groupe par son silence' (He excludes himself from the group by his silence). This allows you to describe more complex psychological and social behaviors. You will also start to see 'exclure' in the future and conditional tenses. 'Si tu ne travailles pas, on t'exclura' (If you don't work, they will exclude you). The conjugation remains the same as 'conclure,' so make sure you have mastered that pattern. Another important aspect at this level is understanding the difference between 'exclure' and its synonyms like 'éliminer' or 'écarter.' 'Exclure' is often more formal and structural. If a player is 'exclu' from a match, it is a formal decision by the referee. If a possibility is 'exclue,' it is no longer being considered at all. Your ability to use 'exclure' in these different contexts shows that you are becoming a more versatile and precise speaker of French. You can now use the word to express not just simple facts, but also professional judgments and social observations.

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At the B2 level, 'exclure' becomes a tool for nuanced argumentation and formal writing. You are expected to use it in complex sentence structures, such as 'Il n'est pas exclu que...' followed by the subjunctive mood. For example, 'Il n'est pas exclu que le gouvernement change d'avis' (It is not out of the question that the government might change its mind). This structure is essential for expressing possibility with a touch of doubt or formality. You will also use 'exclure' when discussing legal, political, or economic topics. In a B2 essay about the environment, you might write, 'On ne doit pas exclure les pays en développement des négociations sur le climat' (We must not exclude developing countries from climate negotiations). This level of usage requires a deep understanding of the word's social and political weight. You should also be aware of the noun 'exclusion' and its various collocations, such as 'facteur d'exclusion' (exclusion factor) or 'zone d'exclusion' (exclusion zone). Furthermore, you should be able to distinguish 'exclure' from more literary terms like 'proscrire' or 'évincer.' While 'exclure' is general, 'proscrire' is about forbidding and 'évincer' is about ousting someone from power. Using the right word in the right context is a hallmark of the B2 level. You should also be comfortable with the passive voice in all tenses: 'Ils auraient été exclus si...' (They would have been excluded if...). Your command of 'exclure' at this level should allow you to participate in debates about social justice, corporate policy, and scientific research with precision and authority. You are no longer just using a verb; you are using a concept to build a sophisticated argument.

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At the C1 level, your use of 'exclure' should be almost indistinguishable from that of a native speaker, reflecting a high degree of precision and stylistic awareness. You will use 'exclure' in highly formal and academic contexts, often to define the scope of a study or a legal argument. For instance, 'Cette étude exclut délibérément les variables exogènes pour se concentrer sur les facteurs internes' (This study deliberately excludes exogenous variables to focus on internal factors). Here, 'exclure' is used to set the boundaries of intellectual inquiry. You should also be sensitive to the rhetorical power of the word. In a political speech, 'exclure' can be used to highlight injustice or to demand inclusion. You will also encounter the word in philosophical or sociological texts, where it might refer to the 'ontological exclusion' of certain groups. At this level, you should be able to use the word in its most abstract forms, such as 'exclure toute ambiguïté' (to exclude all ambiguity) or 'exclure tout doute raisonnable' (to exclude all reasonable doubt). Your grammar should be flawless, including the correct use of the subjunctive in complex dependent clauses and the perfect mastery of irregular conjugation in all tenses, including the literary 'passé simple' (il exclut, ils exclurent). You should also be able to use the word idiomatically, such as in the phrase 'à l'exclusion de tout autre' (to the exclusion of all others). This level of mastery means you can use 'exclure' not just to convey information, but to shape the tone and impact of your communication, whether you are writing a legal brief, a scientific paper, or a literary critique. You understand the historical and cultural weight of the word and can use it to engage with the most complex aspects of French society and thought.

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At the C2 level, you possess a total command of 'exclure,' including its most subtle connotations and its place within the vast landscape of French vocabulary. You can use the word with absolute precision in any context, from the most technical scientific discourse to the most refined literary prose. You are aware of the word's etymology (from the Latin 'excludere') and how this history influences its modern usage. At this level, you might use 'exclure' to discuss the finer points of logic, such as the 'principe du tiers exclu' (the principle of the excluded middle). You can also use it to describe complex human emotions and social dynamics with poetic flair. For example, you might write about how a character 's'exclut du monde des vivants' (excludes himself from the world of the living) to describe a state of deep depression or isolation. Your use of synonyms like 'proscrire,' 'répudier,' or 'ostraciser' is perfectly judged, choosing the one that provides the exact nuance of meaning and register required. You can navigate the most dense legal texts where 'exclure' is used to define the limits of liability and rights with absolute clarity. In academic writing, you use 'exclure' to define your methodology and the limits of your research with rigorous accuracy. You are also capable of using the word ironically or metaphorically in sophisticated conversation. Essentially, 'exclure' is no longer a word you 'know'; it is a tool that you wield with the same effortless grace and precision as a highly educated native speaker. You understand its role in the grand narrative of French culture, from the exclusion of the 'philosophes' from certain circles in the 18th century to modern debates about 'l'exclusion numérique.' Your mastery of 'exclure' is a testament to your deep and comprehensive understanding of the French language.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

exclure 30秒了解

Exclure means to leave out or expel someone from a group.
It is also used to rule out possibilities in a logical way.
The verb is irregular and follows the conjugation of 'conclure.'
It is often used in the passive voice (e.g., 'he was excluded').

The French verb exclure is a multi-faceted term that primarily translates to 'to exclude,' 'to rule out,' or 'to expel.' At its core, it describes the act of preventing someone or something from being part of a group, a place, a process, or a logical conclusion. Understanding this word requires looking at both its physical and abstract applications. In a physical sense, it often appears in educational or professional contexts where an individual is removed from an institution due to misconduct. In a more abstract or logical sense, it is frequently used by scientists, detectives, or decision-makers to eliminate possibilities from a list of potential outcomes. This dual nature makes it an essential verb for intermediate learners who are moving beyond basic descriptions and into more analytical or social commentary. The word carries a certain weight; to be excluded is often a significant event, whether it is a child being left out of a game on the playground or a country being excluded from an international treaty. It is important to note that the verb is irregular, following the pattern of 'conclure,' which can be a bit tricky for students accustomed to regular '-re' verbs.

Social Context: In social settings, the verb describes the action of marginalizing individuals or groups. This can be intentional, such as a clique refusing to let a new student join their table, or systemic, such as economic policies that exclude the poor from certain benefits. When used this way, it often carries a negative or critical connotation.

Le directeur a décidé d' exclure l'élève pour son comportement inacceptable.

Logical Application: In the realm of logic and debate, the verb is used to dismiss an idea or a hypothesis. For instance, if a doctor is diagnosing a patient, they might say they can 'exclure' a certain disease based on the test results. This usage is very common in formal reports and academic writing.

The emotional impact of the word should not be underestimated. In French literature and daily conversation, 'exclure' is often linked to themes of loneliness and injustice. It is not just a neutral administrative term; it often implies a boundary has been drawn. For example, 'exclure quelqu'un d'une conversation' (to shut someone out of a conversation) describes a common but painful social interaction. Furthermore, the verb is used in sports, specifically when a player is given a red card. In this context, 'être exclu du terrain' means to be sent off the field. This variety of uses—from the classroom to the laboratory to the football stadium—demonstrates why mastering this verb is crucial for reaching a higher level of French proficiency. It allows speakers to describe complex social dynamics and precise logical deductions with a single, powerful word.

Nous ne pouvons pas exclure l'hypothèse d'une erreur technique.

Legal and Formal Use: In legal documents, this verb is used to define the limits of a contract or a right. For example, a clause might 'exclure' certain damages from insurance coverage. This means those damages are not included and will not be paid for by the insurance company.

Cette nouvelle loi risque d' exclure les plus démunis du système de santé.

Les organisateurs ont dû exclure plusieurs candidats car ils ne remplissaient pas les critères.

Using exclure correctly requires attention to its irregular conjugation and its relationship with prepositions. Because it is a third-group verb ending in '-ure,' it follows the same conjugation pattern as 'inclure' and 'conclure.' For example, in the present tense, the endings are -s, -s, -t, -ons, -ez, -ent. A common mistake for English speakers is trying to conjugate it like a regular '-re' verb or an '-er' verb. Another vital aspect is the preposition 'de.' When you exclude someone from a group or a place, you must use 'de' (or its contracted forms 'du,' 'de la,' 'des'). For example, 'Il a été exclu de la classe.' Without the 'de,' the sentence would be grammatically incomplete in French. Furthermore, the past participle 'exclu' changes according to gender and number when used with the auxiliary 'être' or when it functions as an adjective. A boy is 'exclu,' a girl is 'exclue,' and a group of girls are 'exclues.'

Grammatical Pattern: The basic structure is: [Subject] + [Conjugated form of exclure] + [Direct Object] + [de + noun]. For instance: 'Le club exclut les membres qui ne paient pas.' Here, 'les membres' is the direct object, and if we added a source, it would be 'du club.'

Je ne veux pas t' exclure de notre projet, mais tu dois travailler plus.

The Passive Voice: Exclure is very frequently used in the passive voice. 'Il a été exclu' (He was excluded) is often more common in news reports than 'On l'a exclu.' This focuses the attention on the person being affected by the exclusion rather than the entity performing the action.

In more advanced usage, you might encounter the reflexive form 's'exclure.' This means to exclude oneself or to withdraw from a group voluntarily. For example, 'Il s'exclut de lui-même de la discussion' (He is excluding himself from the discussion). This is a great way to describe someone who is being antisocial or who feels they do not belong. Additionally, when discussing possibilities, you will often see the phrase 'Il n'est pas exclu que...' followed by the subjunctive mood. This translates to 'It is not out of the question that...' or 'It is not impossible that...' This is a sophisticated way to express doubt or possibility in formal French. Mastering these different structures will allow you to use 'exclure' with the same nuance as a native speaker, transitioning smoothly between social, logical, and formal contexts.

Il n'est pas exclu qu'il vienne nous voir demain soir.

Imperative Usage: While less common, the imperative can be used in commands. 'Excluez-le de la liste !' (Exclude him from the list!) This is direct and carries the authority of the speaker.

Pourquoi m' excluez-vous de cette décision importante ?

Les données aberrantes ont été exclues de l'analyse finale.

In contemporary French life, exclure is a word you will encounter in several distinct environments. One of the most common places is in the education system. When a student is suspended or expelled, the administration uses the term 'exclusion.' You might hear a parent say, 'Mon fils a été exclu pour trois jours' (My son was suspended for three days). It is a serious term that indicates a formal disciplinary action. Another frequent setting is in the media, particularly during news broadcasts or political debates. Journalists often talk about 'l'exclusion sociale,' referring to the way certain populations, like the homeless or the long-term unemployed, are pushed to the margins of society. In this context, 'exclure' is a powerful sociological tool used to discuss inequality and the failures of the social safety net.

The Sports World: If you watch 'L'Équipe' or listen to sports radio, you will hear this word whenever a player is sent off. A commentator might shout, 'Il est exclu !' after a particularly bad foul. This refers to the 'exclusion' from the match, usually resulting from a red card. It is a moment of high drama in any game.

Après ce tacle dangereux, l'arbitre n'a pas hésité à exclure le défenseur.

Scientific and Medical Discourse: In hospitals and laboratories, 'exclure' is part of the process of elimination. Doctors talk about 'exclure un diagnostic' (ruling out a diagnosis). If a test comes back negative, it allows them to exclude one possibility and move closer to the truth. It is a word that signifies precision and scientific rigor.

In professional environments, 'exclure' is used during meetings when discussing strategy. A manager might say, 'Nous devons exclure cette option car elle est trop coûteuse' (We must rule out this option because it is too expensive). It is also used in the context of insurance and contracts, where certain risks are 'exclus' from the policy. If you are reading the fine print of a rental agreement or an insurance document in France, you will likely see a section titled 'Exclusions.' This is where the company lists everything they will not cover. Finally, in casual conversation, it appears when friends are talking about social circles. 'Elle m'a exclu de son groupe d'amis' (She excluded me from her group of friends) is a common way to express social rejection. Whether in the high-stakes world of medical diagnosis or the everyday world of social interactions, 'exclure' is a versatile and frequently used verb.

Le médecin a fait des tests pour exclure toute infection grave.

Political and Social Debates: Politicians often use the term when talking about national identity or social cohesion. They might argue that a certain policy 'exclut une partie de la population,' suggesting that it is unfair or divisive. This makes 'exclure' a key term in the vocabulary of French civic life.

Il ne faut pas exclure les citoyens du processus de décision.

L'assurance a refusé de payer car ce type d'accident était exclu du contrat.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make when using exclure is confusing its conjugation with regular '-re' verbs like 'vendre.' While 'vendre' becomes 'il vend,' 'exclure' becomes 'il exclut' with a 't.' This small difference is a hallmark of the third conjugation group. Another major error is the incorrect use of prepositions. In English, we 'exclude someone FROM something,' and luckily, French uses 'de' which often translates to 'from.' However, students often forget to contract the 'de' with the article. You cannot say 'exclure de le groupe'; you must say 'exclure du groupe.' Furthermore, there is a common confusion between 'exclure' and 'excepter.' While 'excepter' means 'to except' or 'to leave out of a list,' 'exclure' is much more common and broader in meaning. Using 'excepter' in a social context (like 'excepter quelqu'un d'une fête') would sound very strange and archaic to a native speaker.

The 'u' vs 'ue' Spelling: In the present tense, the plural forms 'nous excluons' and 'vous excluez' are often misspelled. Students sometimes try to add an extra 'u' or forget the 'o' in 'ons.' It is also easy to forget the 'e' in the feminine past participle 'exclue.' Always check the gender of the person being excluded to ensure the ending is correct.

Faux : Il a été exclut de l'école. (Correct : Il a été exclu de l'école - the 't' is only for the present tense).

Confusion with 'Éliminer': While 'éliminer' and 'exclure' are synonyms in the context of ruling out possibilities, they are not always interchangeable. 'Éliminer' often implies a more active removal or destruction, whereas 'exclure' is more about the boundary. You 'exclure' a person from a club, but you 'éliminer' a competitor from a race.

Another subtle mistake occurs with the phrase 'Il n'est pas exclu que.' Many learners forget that this phrase requires the subjunctive mood because it expresses a possibility or a doubt. For example, 'Il n'est pas exclu qu'il pleuve' (It is not ruled out that it might rain). Using the indicative 'il pleut' here would be a grammatical error that marks you as a non-native speaker. Additionally, avoid overusing 'exclure' when a simpler verb like 'laisser de côté' (to leave aside) or 'oublier' (to forget) might be more appropriate in a casual setting. 'Exclure' sounds formal and definitive. If you just forgot to invite someone to a movie, saying you 'excluded' them might sound harsher than you intend. Finally, remember that the past participle 'exclu' can also be used as a noun ('un exclu'), referring to a person who is socially marginalized. Using the verb when you mean the noun, or vice versa, can lead to confusing sentences.

Faux : Nous ne pouvons pas exclure qu'il a raison. (Correct : Nous ne pouvons pas exclure qu'il ait raison - using the subjunctive).

Pronunciation Pitfalls: The 'u' sound in 'exclure' is the classic French [y] sound, which does not exist in English. Many learners pronounce it like 'oo' (as in 'food'), making it sound like 'ex-cloor.' To pronounce it correctly, shape your lips for an 'oo' but try to say 'ee.' This distinction is vital for being understood.

Attention : 'L'exclusion' est le nom, 'exclure' est le verbe. Ne confondez pas les deux !

Faux : Ils excluent de la réunion. (Correct : Ils ont été exclus de la réunion - passive voice is usually needed here).

To truly master the concept of exclure, it is helpful to understand its synonyms and how they differ in nuance. The most common alternative is 'écarter.' While 'exclure' often implies a formal or permanent removal, 'écarter' (to push aside/rule out) is frequently used for temporary situations or for moving something out of the way. For example, you might 'écarter un rideau' (push aside a curtain) or 'écarter une hypothèse' (rule out a hypothesis). 'Écarter' feels slightly less harsh than 'exclure.' Another synonym is 'éliminer.' This is used when you are systematically removing options until only one remains, or in sports when a team is knocked out of a tournament. 'Éliminer' has a sense of finality and often implies a competition or a rigorous process of selection.

Exclure vs. Bannir: 'Bannir' (to banish) is much stronger and more formal than 'exclure.' It implies an official, often legal, decree that someone must leave a country or a community forever. While you can be 'exclu' from a club for a week, being 'banni' suggests a permanent and severe punishment. In modern contexts, 'bannir' is also used for 'banning' someone on social media.

On peut écarter cette idée pour l'instant et y revenir plus tard.

Exclure vs. Rejeter: 'Rejeter' (to reject) focuses on the act of refusal. If you 'rejetez' an offer, you are saying no to it. 'Exclure' is more about the state of being outside. You might 'rejeter' a candidate's application, which results in 'exclure' that candidate from the hiring process. 'Rejeter' is the action; 'exclure' is the structural result.

In more literary or legal contexts, you might encounter 'proscrire' or 'évincer.' 'Proscrire' means to forbid or outlaw something, such as a practice or a substance. It is very formal. 'Évincer' means to oust or to push someone out of a position of power, often through maneuver or intrigue. For example, a CEO might be 'évincé' by the board of directors. This is a very specific type of exclusion related to professional rivalry. On the opposite side, the antonyms of 'exclure' are 'inclure' (to include), 'admettre' (to admit), and 'intégrer' (to integrate). 'Intégrer' is a particularly important word in modern France, as it refers to the process of helping people become part of society. Understanding these shades of meaning—from the soft 'écarter' to the harsh 'bannir' and the precise 'évincer'—will help you choose the exact word you need to express your thoughts in French.

Le gouvernement a décidé de proscrire l'utilisation de ce pesticide dangereux.

Exclure vs. Expulser: 'Expulser' (to expel) is often used for physical removal from a place, like a tenant from an apartment or a foreign national from a country. While 'exclure' can be abstract (excluding a possibility), 'expulser' is almost always physical and forceful.

Il a été évincé de la direction après le scandale financier.

Nous essayons d' intégrer tous les nouveaux employés rapidement.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The root 'claudere' is also the source of the English words 'close,' 'closet,' and 'seclude.' So when you 'exclure' someone, you are literally 'closing them out.'

发音指南

UK /ɛks.klyʁ/

US /ɛks.kluʁ/

The stress is usually on the last syllable: ex-CLURE.

押韵词

conclure inclure pure mure cure allure nature culture

常见错误

Pronouncing the 'u' like the English 'oo' (food).
Pronouncing the 'x' like an 's' (es-clure).
Forgetting the guttural 'r' at the end.
Stress on the first syllable.
Adding an extra 'e' sound at the end.

难度评级

阅读 3/5

The word is common in news and books, but requires understanding of abstract contexts.

写作 4/5

Irregular conjugation and the use of the subjunctive in certain phrases make writing challenging.

口语 4/5

The French 'u' sound in 'exclure' is one of the hardest sounds for English speakers to master.

听力 3/5

It is easy to hear, but can be confused with 'inclure' if not listening carefully.

接下来学什么

前置知识

inclure conclure choisir groupe règle

接下来学习

proscrire évincer ostracisme marginalisation intégration

高级

ontologie épistémologie juridique subjonctif voix passive

需要掌握的语法

The Subjunctive Mood

Il n'est pas exclu qu'il **vienne** (vienne is the subjunctive of venir).

Passive Voice with Être

Il **a été exclu** par le directeur.

Preposition 'de' with Verbs

Il a été exclu **de la** compétition.

Third Group Verb Conjugation

Nous exclu**ons**, vous exclu**ez**.

Agreement of the Past Participle

Elles ont été exclu**es**.

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按水平分级的例句

Il exclut son petit frère du jeu.

He excludes his little brother from the game.

Present tense, third person singular of 'exclure'.

Je ne veux pas t'exclure.

I don't want to exclude you.

Infinitive after 'vouloir'.

Pourquoi tu m'exclus ?

Why are you excluding me?

Present tense, second person singular.

Elle exclut le sucre de son café.

She excludes sugar from her coffee.

Using 'exclure' to mean 'to leave out' or 'to remove.'

Nous excluons les mauvaises idées.

We exclude the bad ideas.

Present tense, first person plural.

Ils excluent le chat de la cuisine.

They exclude the cat from the kitchen.

Present tense, third person plural.

L'entraîneur exclut le joueur.

The coach excludes the player.

Simple subject-verb-object structure.

Vous excluez cette couleur ?

Are you excluding this color?

Present tense, second person plural.

L'élève a été exclu de la classe hier.

The student was excluded from class yesterday.

Passé composé, passive voice with 'être.'

Il ne faut pas exclure les nouveaux élèves.

We must not exclude the new students.

Negative 'il faut' + infinitive.

Le club a décidé d'exclure ce membre.

The club decided to exclude this member.

Passé composé with 'avoir' and infinitive.

Elle se sent exclue du groupe d'amis.

She feels excluded from the group of friends.

Feminine past participle 'exclue' used as an adjective.

On ne peut pas exclure cette possibilité simple.

We cannot rule out this simple possibility.

'Pouvoir' + infinitive.

L'arbitre va exclure le joueur fautif.

The referee is going to exclude the offending player.

Futur proche (aller + infinitive).

Pourquoi ont-ils été exclus de la fête ?

Why were they excluded from the party?

Passé composé, passive voice plural.

J'ai exclu les pommes rouges du panier.

I excluded the red apples from the basket.

Passé composé with 'avoir.'

Nous ne pouvons pas exclure l'hypothèse d'une erreur.

We cannot rule out the hypothesis of an error.

Formal usage in a logical context.

Il s'exclut lui-même de la conversation.

He excludes himself from the conversation.

Reflexive form 's'exclure.'

L'exclusion sociale est un problème grave.

Social exclusion is a serious problem.

Using the related noun 'exclusion.'

Le contrat exclut certains types de dommages.

The contract excludes certain types of damages.

Formal/Legal usage.

Si vous trichez, vous serez exclus du concours.

If you cheat, you will be excluded from the contest.

Futur simple, passive voice.

Elle a été exclue de l'équipe après sa blessure.

She was excluded from the team after her injury.

Passé composé, passive voice feminine.

Il est important de ne pas exclure les minorités.

It is important not to exclude minorities.

Infinitive after 'important de.'

Le médecin a exclu tout risque d'infection.

The doctor ruled out any risk of infection.

Medical context for 'rule out.'

Il n'est pas exclu qu'il pleuve cet après-midi.

It is not out of the question that it might rain this afternoon.

Subjunctive mood after 'il n'est pas exclu que.'

Cette loi risque d'exclure les plus pauvres du système.

This law risks excluding the poorest from the system.

Using 'risquer de' + infinitive.

L'entreprise a décidé d'exclure ce fournisseur de la liste.

The company decided to exclude this supplier from the list.

Business context.

Les données aberrantes doivent être exclues de l'analyse.

Outlying data must be excluded from the analysis.

Passive voice with 'devoir.'

Elle ne s'exclut pas de la course à la présidence.

She does not rule herself out of the presidential race.

Reflexive form in a political context.

Le règlement exclut toute forme de discrimination.

The regulations exclude any form of discrimination.

Formal organizational usage.

Pourquoi exclure d'emblée cette solution innovante ?

Why rule out this innovative solution from the start?

Using the adverbial phrase 'd'emblée.'

Il a été exclu de la société savante pour plagiat.

He was expelled from the learned society for plagiarism.

Formal academic context.

L'étude exclut délibérément les facteurs environnementaux.

The study deliberately excludes environmental factors.

Academic register.

On ne saurait exclure une réaction en chaîne.

One cannot rule out a chain reaction.

Formal 'ne saurait' + infinitive.

L'exclusion de ce témoignage a changé le verdict.

The exclusion of this testimony changed the verdict.

Noun form in a legal context.

Le philosophe s'exclut des dogmes de son époque.

The philosopher excludes himself from the dogmas of his time.

Reflexive form in a philosophical context.

À l'exclusion de toute autre considération, le profit prime.

To the exclusion of any other consideration, profit comes first.

Idiomatic phrase 'à l'exclusion de.'

Les clauses d'exclusion sont souvent écrites en petits caractères.

Exclusion clauses are often written in small print.

Technical legal term.

Il fut exclu de l'ordre pour ses idées révolutionnaires.

He was expelled from the order for his revolutionary ideas.

Passé simple, passive voice.

Cette théorie exclut l'existence d'une cause unique.

This theory excludes the existence of a single cause.

Logical/Scientific register.

Le principe du tiers exclu est fondamental en logique.

The principle of the excluded middle is fundamental in logic.

Highly technical logical term.

Elle s'est sentie irrémédiablement exclue de la condition humaine.

She felt irremediably excluded from the human condition.

Literary/Existential usage.

L'ostracisme moderne vise à exclure par le silence numérique.

Modern ostracism aims to exclude through digital silence.

Sociological/Contemporary analysis.

On ne peut exclure que l'ontologie même du sujet soit en cause.

One cannot rule out that the very ontology of the subject is at stake.

Highly academic/Philosophical register.

Le traité exclut expressément toute intervention militaire.

The treaty expressly excludes any military intervention.

Diplomatic/Legal register.

L'exclusion systématique des voix dissidentes affaiblit la démocratie.

The systematic exclusion of dissenting voices weakens democracy.

Political theory context.

Il exclut de son œuvre toute référence au passé.

He excludes from his work any reference to the past.

Artistic/Literary critique.

L'argumentation visait à exclure tout doute raisonnable.

The argumentation aimed to exclude all reasonable doubt.

Legal/Forensic register.

常见搭配

exclure une possibilité

exclure un élève

exclure de l'équipe

exclure un risque

exclure du groupe

exclure expressément

être exclu du terrain

exclure toute ambiguïté

exclure d'emblée

zone d'exclusion

常用短语

Il n'est pas exclu que...

— It is possible that... (followed by the subjunctive).

Il n'est pas exclu qu'il vienne.

À l'exclusion de...

— Except for... or leaving out everything else.

Il aime tous les fruits, à l'exclusion des poires.

S'exclure de soi-même

— To withdraw or separate oneself from a group voluntarily.

Il s'exclut de lui-même de la vie sociale.

Exclure toute possibilité

— To make sure no other options are possible.

Cette preuve exclut toute autre possibilité.

Être exclu de la société

— To be marginalized or left out of normal social life.

Beaucoup de chômeurs se sentent exclus de la société.

Exclure du bénéfice de...

— To prevent someone from receiving a specific advantage.

Il est exclu du bénéfice de cette assurance.

Exclure de la liste

— To remove a name from a list.

Veuillez l'exclure de la liste des invités.

Exclure par principe

— To rule something out based on one's beliefs.

Il exclut par principe tout compromis.

Exclure de la compétition

— To disqualify someone from a race or contest.

Il a été exclu de la compétition pour dopage.

Exclure de ses pensées

— To try to stop thinking about something.

Elle essaie d'exclure cette triste image de ses pensées.

容易混淆的词

exclure vs inclure

It is the exact opposite (to include). Don't mix them up!

exclure vs excepter

A rare word meaning 'to except'. Exclure is much more common.

exclure vs expulser

Expulser is physical removal; exclure is more about the state of being out.

习语与表达

"Le principe du tiers exclu"

— A logical rule stating that a statement is either true or false, with no middle ground.

C'est le principe du tiers exclu : soit il est coupable, soit il ne l'est pas.

academic

"Exclure d'un revers de main"

— To dismiss something quickly and without serious thought.

Le ministre a exclu cette idée d'un revers de main.

informal

"S'exclure du monde"

— To live in isolation or become a hermit.

Après son deuil, il s'est exclu du monde.

literary

"Exclure les yeux fermés"

— To rule something out without even looking at the evidence (often used critically).

Tu ne peux pas exclure cette solution les yeux fermés !

informal

"Une exclusion définitive"

— A permanent expulsion, usually from a school or professional body.

Le conseil de discipline a prononcé une exclusion définitive.

formal

"Exclure tout compromis"

— To be completely unwilling to negotiate.

Sa position rigide exclut tout compromis.

neutral

"Exclure le hasard"

— To ensure that an outcome was not accidental.

L'expérience a été répétée pour exclure le hasard.

scientific

"À l'exclusion de tout autre"

— Only this one, and nothing else.

Il a choisi ce modèle à l'exclusion de tout autre.

formal

"Exclure de la grâce"

— To be beyond forgiveness (religious or metaphorical context).

Dans son désespoir, il se sentait exclu de la grâce.

literary

"Exclure le doute"

— To reach a state of certainty.

Ses explications ont permis d'exclure le doute.

neutral

容易混淆

exclure vs éliminer

Both mean to remove something.

Éliminer is for competitions or removing options. Exclure is for groups and logical boundaries.

Il a été éliminé du tournoi, mais exclu de son club.

exclure vs écarter

Both can mean to rule out.

Écarter is softer and often temporary. Exclure is more formal and final.

J'écarte cette idée pour l'instant, mais je ne l'exclus pas totalement.

exclure vs rejeter

Both involve saying no to something.

Rejeter is the act of refusal. Exclure is the state of being outside a group.

Le juge a rejeté la preuve, ce qui a exclu le témoin du procès.

exclure vs bannir

Both mean to keep someone out.

Bannir is much stronger, formal, and usually permanent (like exile).

Il a été banni de sa patrie.

exclure vs évincer

Both mean to push someone out.

Évincer is specifically about removing someone from a position of power.

Il a été évincé du poste de PDG.

句型

S + exclure + O

Il exclut son frère.

S + être exclu + de + N

Il a été exclu de la classe.

On ne peut pas exclure + N

On ne peut pas exclure cette erreur.

S + s'exclure + de + N

Il s'exclut du groupe.

Il n'est pas exclu que + S + Subjonctif

Il n'est pas exclu qu'il sache la vérité.

À l'exclusion de + N

Il mange tout, à l'exclusion de la viande.

S + exclure + délibérément + N

L'auteur exclut délibérément ce chapitre.

S + viser à exclure + N

Cette politique vise à exclure les opposants.

词族

名词

exclusion (f) - the act of excluding

exclusivité (f) - exclusivity

exclu (m/f) - an excluded person

动词

exclure - to exclude

réexclure - to exclude again

形容词

exclusif - exclusive

exclu - excluded

excluant - excluding

如何使用

frequency

High in school, legal, and news contexts.

常见错误

Il a été exclut de l'école. → Il a été exclu de l'école.
The past participle 'exclu' does not have a 't'. The 't' is only for the present tense 'il exclut'.
Nous ne pouvons pas exclure qu'il est malade. → Nous ne pouvons pas exclure qu'il soit malade.
The phrase 'ne pas exclure que' requires the subjunctive mood ('soit' instead of 'est').
Il exclut de le groupe. → Il l'exclut du groupe.
You must use the contracted article 'du' (de + le).
J'excluerai cette option. → J'exclurai cette option.
The future tense of 'exclure' does not have an 'e' before the 'r'.
Elle se sent exclue de la fête. → Elle se sent exclue de la fête.
Wait, this is correct! The mistake is often forgetting the 'e' for the feminine 'exclue'.

小贴士

Watch the 't'

Remember that 'il exclut' has a 't' in the present tense, but the past participle 'exclu' does not. This is a very common spelling mistake even for native speakers.

The [y] sound

To master 'exclure', practice the tight French 'u'. If you pronounce it like 'ex-cloor', you will sound very foreign. Keep the lips tight!

Rule out possibilities

In professional French, 'exclure une possibilité' is a very useful and common phrase. It makes you sound analytical and precise.

Word Family

Learn 'exclusion' and 'exclusif' at the same time. They all share the same root and will help you expand your vocabulary quickly.

Social Sensitivity

Be careful when using 'exclure' about people. It is a strong word that implies a deliberate act of leaving someone out.

Legal Fine Print

If you see 'Exclusions' in a French contract, read it carefully! It lists everything that is NOT covered.

Red Card!

If you hear 'Il est exclu' during a football match, it means the player just got a red card and must leave the pitch.

Subjunctive Alert

Whenever you write 'Il n'est pas exclu que', prepare your subjunctive. It's a hallmark of high-level French writing.

The Latin Root

Think of 'close' (from claudere). You are CLOSING the door to someone. Ex- (out) + Clure (close).

Process of Elimination

Use 'exclure' when you are explaining how you arrived at a conclusion by removing other options.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'X' marking the spot where someone is OUT. 'Ex' (like Exit) + 'Clure' (sounds like Close). You CLOSE the door so they have to EXIT.

视觉联想

Imagine a large red 'X' over a door that is being slammed shut. The person outside is 'exclu.'

Word Web

social exclusion rule out expel school logic red card insurance contract

挑战

Try to use 'exclure' in three different ways today: once about a social situation, once about a logical choice, and once in the passive voice (e.g., 'he was excluded').

词源

From the Latin verb 'excludere,' which is a combination of 'ex-' (out) and 'claudere' (to shut or close).

原始含义： To shut out or to keep outside.

Romance (Latin-based).

文化背景

When using 'exclure' to talk about social groups, be aware that it can be a sensitive topic related to discrimination and inequality.

In English, we often use 'expelled' for school and 'rule out' for logic. French uses 'exclure' for both, which can be confusing for learners.

'L'Exclusion' is a famous sociological concept analyzed by René Lenoir in 1974. The 'principe du tiers exclu' is a staple of Western logic since Aristotle. In the movie 'Entre les murs' (The Class), the process of 'exclure' a student is a central theme.

在生活中练习

真实语境

School Disipline

exclure un élève
un conseil de discipline
une exclusion temporaire
un renvoi

Logic and Science

exclure une hypothèse
exclure une variable
par élimination
exclure tout doute

Legal/Insurance

une clause d'exclusion
exclure la responsabilité
les dommages exclus
le contrat stipule que

Social Situations

se sentir exclu
exclure quelqu'un du cercle
l'exclusion sociale
être mis à l'écart

Sports

exclure un joueur
recevoir un carton rouge
être exclu du match
une suspension

对话开场白

"Est-ce que tu as déjà été exclu d'un groupe quand tu étais petit ?"

"Penses-tu qu'il est possible d'exclure tout risque dans la vie ?"

"Pourquoi certaines personnes s'excluent-elles de la société ?"

"Est-ce que l'école devrait avoir le droit d'exclure définitivement un élève ?"

"Comment peut-on éviter d'exclure les gens dans une conversation ?"

日记主题

Décris une situation où tu t'es senti exclu. Qu'as-tu ressenti ?

Quelles sont les causes principales de l'exclusion sociale dans ta ville ?

Penses-tu que la technologie nous aide à nous inclure ou à nous exclure ?

Écris une histoire sur un détective qui exclut les suspects un par un.

Réflexion : Est-il parfois nécessaire d'exclure quelqu'un pour protéger un groupe ?

常见问题

10 个问题

No, while it can mean 'to expel' from a school, it also means 'to rule out' a possibility in logic or 'to leave out' someone in a social situation. It depends on the context.

It is: j'exclus, tu exclus, il exclut, nous excluons, vous excluez, ils excluent. Note the 't' in the third person singular.

'Éliminer' is often used in sports (knockout) or when removing items from a list one by one. 'Exclure' is more about the boundary of a group or a formal decision.

The past participle is 'exclu' (no 't'). The third person singular of the present tense is 'il exclut' (with a 't').

Yes, you can 'exclure' a possibility, a risk, or a variable in a scientific experiment.

Yes, because it expresses a possibility or doubt, you must use the subjunctive mood after it.

The noun is 'exclusion' (feminine).

The main opposite is 'inclure' (to include). 'Admettre' and 'intégrer' are also antonyms.

It is the French [y] sound. Round your lips as if to say 'oo' but say 'ee' instead.

Yes, 's'exclure' means to exclude oneself from a group or situation.

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