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B1 adjective 6分钟阅读

शोकमय

shokmay
例句 笔记与提示 शोकमय 30秒了解
解析 शोकमय in your Level:
At the A1 level, you usually learn basic words like 'dukh' (sad). 'Shokmay' is a bit advanced for beginners, but you can understand it as 'very, very sad'. Think of it as the feeling of a very sad story or a funeral. You don't need to use it in your daily speaking yet, but if you see it in a book, just remember it means 'full of sorrow'. It's like 'sad' but much stronger and more formal. For example, if a king dies in a fairy tale, the whole kingdom becomes 'shokmay'. It's a big word for big sadness. You might see it in simple stories or hear it on the news when something very bad happens. Don't worry about using it perfectly; just recognize that it's a special kind of sadness related to loss.
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At the A2 level, you are starting to see more formal words. 'Shokmay' is an adjective that describes something 'full of grief'. The suffix '-may' means 'full of' or 'made of'. So, 'shok' (grief) + 'may' (full of) = 'full of grief'. You can use this to describe a room, a day, or a person's face if they are very sad. For example, 'The house was shokmay' means the atmosphere in the house was very sad because of a loss. It's more formal than 'dukhi'. You might use it when talking about a serious event in a history class or reading a formal letter. It's a good word to know to make your Hindi sound more professional and precise. Remember, it doesn't change for gender, so it's easy to use with any noun.
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As a B1 learner, you should be able to distinguish between different shades of emotion. 'Shokmay' is an intermediate-level word used for mournful or sorrowful contexts. It is particularly used for collective grief or a somber atmosphere. When you describe a situation as 'shokmay', you are implying that the grief is profound and pervasive. It is commonly used in literature and formal media. You should start using this word instead of 'dukhi' when describing tragedies or mourning. For instance, 'Desh mein shokmay mahaul hai' (There is a mournful atmosphere in the country). This shows you have a better grasp of Hindi vocabulary registers. It's an essential word for reading Hindi newspapers or watching serious news reports.
At the B2 level, you should use 'shokmay' with confidence in formal writing and discussions. You understand that it is a Sanskritic term and carries a certain weight. You can use it to analyze literature or discuss social issues. At this level, you should also be aware of its collocations, such as 'shokmay sangeet' (mournful music) or 'shokmay ghatna' (sorrowful incident). You can contrast it with 'anandmay' (joyful) to describe shifts in narrative tone. Your ability to use such high-register adjectives correctly demonstrates a sophisticated command of the language. You should be able to explain the nuance of 'shokmay' versus 'vishaadpurn' to others, noting that 'shokmay' is specifically tied to the concept of 'shok' or mourning.
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For C1 learners, 'shokmay' is a tool for evocative and precise expression. You can use it to describe the subtle nuances of a tragic scene in a film or a complex emotional state in a novel. You understand its etymological roots and how the '-maya' suffix functions across other philosophical and emotional terms in Hindi. You can use it in academic essays or high-level professional settings without hesitation. At this stage, you should also be familiar with related terms like 'shok-santapt' (grieved) and understand how 'shokmay' fits into the broader spectrum of 'Karuna Rasa' (the aesthetic of pathos) in Indian aesthetics. Your usage should reflect an appreciation for the word's ability to convey not just sadness, but a state of being consumed by grief.
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At the C2 level, you have a near-native understanding of 'shokmay'. You can appreciate its use in classical Hindi poetry and its resonance in philosophical discourses. You understand how the word interacts with the cultural context of mourning in India. You can use it to create highly atmospheric prose or to deliver powerful, moving speeches. You are aware of the historical evolution of the word and its Sanskrit precursors. For you, 'shokmay' is not just a vocabulary item but a part of a rich linguistic heritage that allows for the expression of the deepest human emotions. You can discern the stylistic choice an author makes when they choose 'shokmay' over 'karun' or 'vishaadpurn', and you can replicate those choices in your own high-level creative or analytical work.
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例句 笔记与提示

शोकमय 30秒了解

  • Shokmay is a formal Hindi adjective meaning 'full of sorrow' or 'mournful'.
  • It is derived from the Sanskrit words 'shoka' (grief) and '-maya' (full of).
  • It is used to describe somber atmospheres, tragic events, or deep collective grief.
  • Unlike common words for 'sad', it carries a significant weight of mourning and loss.
The Hindi word शोकमय (shokmay) is a profound adjective derived from the Sanskrit root 'shoka' (शोक), which refers to deep grief, sorrow, or mourning, and the suffix '-maya' (मय), meaning 'full of' or 'consisting of'. Therefore, the literal and functional translation is 'full of sorrow' or 'mournful'. Unlike the common word 'dukhi' (sad), which can describe a temporary state of being upset about something minor, शोकमय carries a heavy, somber weight. It is typically reserved for situations involving death, significant tragedy, or a pervasive atmosphere of melancholy.
Emotional Depth
This word describes an environment or a person's state that is entirely saturated with grief, leaving no room for lightheartedness.
Formal Context
You will encounter this in literature, high-register news reporting, and formal speeches of condolence.

पूरा वातावरण शोकमय हो गया था। (The entire atmosphere had become sorrowful.)

In common parlance, you might hear this word used to describe the silence of a house after a tragedy or the tone of a funeral service. It is not just about a person being sad; it is about the very essence of a moment being composed of grief.

उनकी शोकमय आवाज़ ने सबको रुला दिया। (Her mournful voice made everyone cry.)

शहर में एक शोकमय सन्नाटा पसरा हुआ है। (A mournful silence is spread across the city.)

यह एक शोकमय दृश्य था। (It was a sorrowful sight.)

कविता की पंक्तियाँ बहुत शोकमय थीं। (The lines of the poem were very mournful.)

Grammatical Usage
It functions as an adjective and usually precedes the noun it modifies (e.g., shokmay vatavaran) or follows a linking verb.
Understanding the depth of 'shok' is key to using 'shokmay' correctly. While 'dukh' is pain, 'shok' is specifically the grief that follows loss. Thus, a 'shokmay' state is one of profound mourning.
Using शोकमय effectively requires an understanding of its register. It is a formal, Sanskritic word. In daily conversation, you might say 'sab bahut dukhi hain' (everyone is very sad), but in a news broadcast about a national tragedy, the reporter would likely say 'desh ka vatavaran shokmay hai' (the country's atmosphere is sorrowful).
Describing Atmosphere
You can use it to describe the 'vibe' of a place. For example, 'The house was mournful after the grandfather passed away.'

गांधीजी की मृत्यु के बाद पूरा भारत शोकमय हो गया। (After Gandhiji's death, all of India became sorrowful.)

Describing Expression
It can modify nouns like 'chehra' (face), 'aankhen' (eyes), or 'swar' (voice).

उसके शोकमय चेहरे को देखकर मुझे बहुत दुख हुआ। (Seeing his sorrowful face, I felt very sad.)

शहीद की अंतिम यात्रा बहुत शोकमय थी। (The martyr's final journey was very mournful.)

मंदिर में शोकमय संगीत बज रहा था। (Mournful music was playing in the temple.)

समाचार सुनकर सबका मन शोकमय हो गया। (Hearing the news, everyone's mind became sorrowful.)

Collocations
Commonly paired with 'vatavaran' (atmosphere), 'parivesh' (surroundings), and 'mahaul' (mood).
When writing, remember that शोकमय is an adjective that doesn't change based on gender or number, which makes it easier to use than some other Hindi adjectives. It maintains its form regardless of whether you are describing a masculine noun like 'mahaul' or a feminine noun like 'ghatna'.
You will encounter शोकमय in several specific domains of Hindi life and media.
News Media
When a prominent leader or public figure passes away, news anchors often describe the state of the nation as 'shokmay'.

आज पूरा देश शोकमय है। (Today the whole country is in mourning.)

Literature and Poetry
Hindi poets use this word to set a tragic mood. In epic poems or classical stories, it describes the aftermath of battles or the loss of heroes.

कहानी का अंत बहुत शोकमय था। (The end of the story was very sorrowful.)

उनकी विदाई का क्षण शोकमय रहा। (The moment of their departure remained sorrowful.)

गाँव का कोना-कोना शोकमय था। (Every corner of the village was sorrowful.)

वह एक शोकमय संगीतकार थे। (He was a mournful musician.)

Formal Condolences
In obituary sections of newspapers or formal letters of sympathy, this word provides the necessary dignity to the message.
You won't hear a teenager say 'I'm feeling shokmay because I failed my test.' It's too heavy for that. It's more likely to be heard in a documentary about a historical tragedy or in a serious theatrical performance. If you watch Hindi films that deal with social issues or historical events (like Partition), you will frequently hear this word used to describe the collective grief of the people.
Even though शोकमय is straightforward, learners often make a few specific errors.
Register Mismatch
The most common mistake is using it in too casual a setting. Saying 'The pizza is late, I am shokmay' sounds ridiculous and unintentionally funny to native speakers.

Incorrect: मेरा कुत्ता सो रहा है, मैं शोकमय हूँ। (My dog is sleeping, I am mournful.)

Confusing with 'Dukhi'
While they both mean sad, 'Dukhi' is personal and common. 'Shokmay' is often used to describe an external situation or an all-encompassing state of grief.

Incorrect: वह शोकमय में है। (He is in mournful - Grammatically wrong).

Correct: वह शोक में है। (He is in grief).

Another mistake is the pronunciation of the 'sh' sound. It is the palatal 'sh' (श), not the dental 's'. Mispronouncing it as 'sokmay' can sound like 'sok' (interest/hobby), which completely changes the meaning. Lastly, learners often forget the suffix '-may'. They might try to say 'shokful', which is not a word in Hindi. Always stick to the Sanskrit-derived suffix for this specific adjective.
Hindi has a rich vocabulary for emotions, and choosing the right word for 'sad' depends on the intensity.
Dukhi (दुखी)
The most common word for sad. Use this for everyday sadness.
Udaas (उदास)
More like 'melancholy' or 'unhappy'. It suggests a mood rather than deep grief.
Vishaadpurn (विषादपूर्ण)
Very formal, similar to 'shokmay' but often used to describe deep despair or depression in literature.

उसकी आँखें विषादपूर्ण थीं। (His eyes were full of despair.)

Karun (करुण)
Used to describe something that evokes pity or compassion. A 'karun' story is one that makes you feel sorry for the characters.
If you want to describe a person who is currently grieving, 'shokakul' (शोककुल) is another high-level alternative. However, 'shokmay' remains the most versatile adjective for describing atmospheres and collective states. When choosing between these, ask yourself: Is this about loss? Is it formal? Is it intense? If yes to all, 'shokmay' is your best choice.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The suffix '-maya' is used in many philosophical Hindi words like 'Anandmaya Kosha' (the sheath of bliss in Vedantic philosophy). 'Shokmay' is the emotional opposite of 'Anandmay'.

发音指南

UK /ˈʃoʊk.meɪ/
US /ˈʃoʊk.meɪ/
Stress is on the first syllable 'Shok'.
押韵词
Anandmay (joyful) Tejmay (radiant) Premmay (full of love) Jyotirmay (luminous) Chinmay (pure consciousness) Rasatmay (full of essence) Vishwamay (universal) Shantimay (peaceful)
常见错误
  • Pronouncing 'Sh' as 'S' (Sokmay instead of Shokmay).
  • Shortening the 'o' sound.
  • Pronouncing 'may' as 'my'.

难度评级

阅读 3/5

Easy to recognize if you know 'shok'.

写作 4/5

Requires knowledge of the '-may' suffix and formal context.

口语 4/5

Requires correct 'sh' pronunciation and context awareness.

听力 3/5

Common in news and formal media.

接下来学什么

前置知识

दुख शोक उदास वातावरण समाचार

接下来学习

विषादपूर्ण शोककुल मर्माहत संवेदना श्रद्धांजलि

高级

करुण रस महाप्रयाण श्रद्धांजलि अर्पित करना
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按水平分级的例句

1

यह एक शोकमय दिन है।

This is a sorrowful day.

Simple adjective use.

2

कहानी बहुत शोकमय थी।

The story was very sorrowful.

Describing a noun (story).

3

गाँव शोकमय है।

The village is sorrowful.

Predicative use of adjective.

4

उनकी आवाज़ शोकमय थी।

Their voice was mournful.

Modifying a feminine noun (voice).

5

वह शोकमय संगीत सुन रहा है।

He is listening to mournful music.

Adjective before a noun.

6

सबका चेहरा शोकमय था।

Everyone's face was sorrowful.

Collective description.

7

यह दृश्य शोकमय है।

This scene is sorrowful.

Demonstrative pronoun + adjective.

8

फिल्म का अंत शोकमय था।

The end of the movie was sorrowful.

Noun phrase + adjective.

1

दादाजी की मृत्यु के बाद घर शोकमय हो गया।

After grandfather's death, the house became sorrowful.

Using 'ho gaya' (became) with the adjective.

2

उसने एक शोकमय कविता लिखी।

He wrote a mournful poem.

Adjective modifying an object.

3

पूरा शहर शोकमय सन्नाटे में था।

The whole city was in a mournful silence.

Complex noun phrase.

4

समाचार सुनकर माँ का मन शोकमय हो गया।

Hearing the news, mother's mind became sorrowful.

Experiencer subject.

5

वहाँ का वातावरण बहुत शोकमय था।

The atmosphere there was very sorrowful.

Describing the environment.

6

उसकी आँखें शोकमय लग रही थीं।

Her eyes were looking mournful.

Using 'lag rahi thin' (were looking).

7

यह एक शोकमय समाचार है।

This is sorrowful news.

Formal adjective usage.

8

वे शोकमय गीत गा रहे थे।

They were singing mournful songs.

Plural noun modification.

1

दुर्घटना के बाद अस्पताल का माहौल शोकमय था।

After the accident, the hospital atmosphere was mournful.

Contextual formal usage.

2

लेखक ने युद्ध के बाद का शोकमय वर्णन किया है।

The author has given a mournful description of the post-war period.

Describing literary content.

3

उसकी शोकमय वाणी ने सबको भावुक कर दिया।

Her mournful speech made everyone emotional.

Using 'vani' (speech/voice).

4

हमें इस शोकमय घड़ी में साथ रहना चाहिए।

We should stay together in this sorrowful hour.

Idiomatic 'shokmay ghadi'.

5

उसका जीवन शोकमय घटनाओं से भरा था।

His life was full of sorrowful events.

Plural feminine noun modification.

6

मंदिर में शोकमय प्रार्थना चल रही थी।

A mournful prayer was going on in the temple.

Describing a ritual.

7

उसने अपनी शोकमय स्थिति के बारे में बताया।

He talked about his sorrowful condition.

Abstract noun modification.

8

यह एक अत्यंत शोकमय दृश्य था जिसे भुलाया नहीं जा सकता।

It was an extremely sorrowful sight that cannot be forgotten.

Use of intensifier 'atyant'.

1

विभाजन की कहानियाँ अक्सर शोकमय होती हैं।

Stories of Partition are often mournful.

Generalization with 'hoti hain'.

2

उसने एक शोकमय धुन बजाई जो दिल को छू गई।

He played a mournful tune that touched the heart.

Relative clause usage.

3

नेताजी की मृत्यु के शोक में पूरा देश शोकमय था।

In mourning for Netaji's death, the whole country was sorrowful.

Causal phrase + adjective.

4

उपन्यास का शोकमय परिवेश पाठक को उदास कर देता है।

The mournful setting of the novel makes the reader sad.

Subject-object-verb structure with causative effect.

5

उसकी शोकमय मुस्कान में भी एक दर्द था।

There was a pain even in her mournful smile.

Oxymoronic usage (mournful smile).

6

यह शोकमय विदाई समारोह सभी के लिए कठिन था।

This mournful farewell ceremony was difficult for everyone.

Compound noun phrase.

7

उसने अपनी शोकमय भावनाओं को कागज़ पर उतारा।

He poured his sorrowful emotions onto paper.

Metaphorical usage.

8

बाढ़ के बाद गाँव का दृश्य अत्यंत शोकमय हो गया।

After the flood, the sight of the village became extremely sorrowful.

Adverbial intensifier.

1

कवि ने प्रकृति के शोकमय रूप का चित्रण किया है।

The poet has depicted the mournful form of nature.

Literary analysis.

2

उसकी शोकमय अभिव्यक्ति ने उसकी आंतरिक पीड़ा को उजागर किया।

Her mournful expression highlighted her internal suffering.

Complex abstract vocabulary.

3

यह शोकमय प्रसंग भारतीय इतिहास का एक काला अध्याय है।

This sorrowful episode is a dark chapter in Indian history.

Metaphorical 'kala adhyay'.

4

दार्शनिक ने जीवन के शोकमय सत्य पर विचार किया।

The philosopher reflected on the sorrowful truth of life.

Philosophical context.

5

उसकी शोकमय चुप्पी शब्दों से कहीं अधिक प्रभावशाली थी।

Her mournful silence was far more impactful than words.

Comparative structure.

6

संगीतकार ने अपनी शोकमय रचना को अपने दिवंगत मित्र को समर्पित किया।

The musician dedicated his mournful composition to his late friend.

Professional/Artistic context.

7

यह शोकमय वातावरण धीरे-धीरे शांति में बदल गया।

This mournful atmosphere gradually changed into peace.

Temporal transition.

8

उसने अपनी शोकमय नियति को स्वीकार कर लिया।

He accepted his sorrowful destiny.

Abstract concept (destiny).

1

महाकाव्य के शोकमय उपसंहार ने पाठकों के हृदय को झकझोर दिया।

The mournful epilogue of the epic shook the hearts of the readers.

High-register literary terms.

2

उसकी शोकमय अंतरात्मा की पुकार ने सबको स्तब्ध कर दिया।

The cry of his mournful soul left everyone stunned.

Metaphysical usage.

3

राजनीतिक अस्थिरता के कारण पूरा क्षेत्र शोकमय स्थिति में है।

Due to political instability, the entire region is in a sorrowful state.

Socio-political analysis.

4

कलाकार ने रंगों के माध्यम से शोकमय संवेदनाओं को व्यक्त किया।

The artist expressed mournful sensitivities through colors.

Artistic theory context.

5

यह शोकमय विलाप सदियों से इस घाटी में गूँज रहा है।

This mournful lament has been echoing in this valley for centuries.

Poetic/Legendary context.

6

उसकी शोकमय लेखनी ने समाज की कड़वी सच्चाइयों को उजागर किया।

His mournful pen exposed the bitter truths of society.

Personification of 'lekhni' (pen/writing style).

7

जीवन की शोकमय क्षणभंगुरता को समझना ही ज्ञान है।

Understanding the sorrowful transience of life is true knowledge.

Philosophical abstraction.

8

वह शोकमय स्मृतियों के जाल में फँसा हुआ था।

He was trapped in the web of sorrowful memories.

Metaphorical 'jaal' (web).

近义词

विषादपूर्ण शोककुल करुण दुखद गमगीन मर्माहत उदास मातमपुर्सी

反义词

आनंदमय हर्षित मंगलमय उल्लासपूर्ण

常见搭配

शोकमय वातावरण
शोकमय सन्नाटा
शोकमय संगीत
शोकमय समाचार
शोकमय चेहरा
शोकमय दृश्य
शोकमय घड़ी
शोकमय विदाई
शोकमय अभिव्यक्ति
शोकमय हृदय

常用短语

शोकमय स्थिति

— A state of mourning or sorrow.

देश की शोकमय स्थिति को देखते हुए उत्सव रद्द कर दिए गए।

शोकमय माहौल

— A sorrowful environment/mood.

वहाँ का माहौल बहुत शोकमय था।

शोकमय यादें

— Mournful or sad memories.

वह अपनी शोकमय यादों में खोया रहता है।

शोकमय अंत

— A tragic or sorrowful ending.

फिल्म का शोकमय अंत किसी ने नहीं सोचा था।

शोकमय स्वर

— A mournful tone of voice.

उसने शोकमय स्वर में अपनी बात कही।

शोकमय प्रसंग

— A sorrowful episode or event.

यह इतिहास का एक शोकमय प्रसंग है।

शोकमय विलाप

— Mournful wailing or lamentation.

चारों ओर शोकमय विलाप सुनाई दे रहा था।

शोकमय सवेरा

— A sorrowful morning (metaphorical).

वह एक शोकमय सवेरा था जब खबर मिली।

शोकमय कविता

— A mournful poem.

उसने अपनी माँ के लिए एक शोकमय कविता लिखी।

शोकमय यात्रा

— A sorrowful journey (often a funeral procession).

शहीद की शोकमय यात्रा में हज़ारों लोग शामिल हुए।

习语与表达

"शोक की लहर"

— A wave of grief spreading through a place.

उनकी मृत्यु से पूरे देश में शोक की लहर दौड़ गई।

Formal/News
"शोक में डूबना"

— To be immersed in grief.

पूरा परिवार शोक में डूबा हुआ है।

Neutral
"शोक मनाना"

— To observe mourning or to grieve.

देश तीन दिन का राजकीय शोक मना रहा है।

Formal
"शोक प्रकट करना"

— To express condolences or grief.

प्रधानमंत्री ने दुर्घटना पर शोक प्रकट किया।

Formal
"शोक व्यक्त करना"

— To express sorrow (synonym of 'prakat karna').

उन्होंने पत्र लिखकर अपना शोक व्यक्त किया।

Formal
"शोक की घड़ी"

— A time of grief.

धैर्य रखें, यह शोक की घड़ी भी गुज़र जाएगी।

Neutral
"शोक संतप्त"

— Pained by grief (used for families).

शोक संतप्त परिवार के प्रति हमारी सहानुभूति है।

Formal
"गहरे शोक में"

— In deep mourning.

वह अपने मित्र की मृत्यु के बाद गहरे शोक में है।

Neutral
"शोक सभा"

— A condolence meeting.

कल विद्यालय में एक शोक सभा आयोजित की जाएगी।

Formal
"शोक संदेश"

— A message of condolence.

उन्हें कई शोक संदेश प्राप्त हुए।

Formal

词族

名词

शोक (Shok) - Grief
शोकगीत (Shokgeet) - Elegy/Dirge
शोकसभा (Shoksabha) - Condolence meeting

动词

शोक मनाना (Shok manana) - To mourn
शोक करना (Shok karna) - To grieve

形容词

शोकमय (Shokmay) - Mournful
शोककुल (Shokakul) - Grieving
शोकजनक (Shokjanak) - Grievous/Sad

相关

दुख (Dukh)
विषाद (Vishaad)
पीड़ा (Peeda)
कष्ट (Kasht)
वेदना (Vedna)
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记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'Shok' as 'Shock'. A 'Shock' of bad news makes you 'Shokmay' (full of grief).

视觉联想

Imagine a black-and-white photo of a rainy day at a funeral; the whole scene is 'shokmay'.

Word Web

शोक (Grief) मय (Full of) वातावरण (Atmosphere) दुख (Sadness) मृत्यु (Death) सन्नाटा (Silence) कविता (Poem) समाचार (News)

挑战

Try to write a three-sentence story about a historical event using the word 'shokmay' at least once.

词源

Derived from Sanskrit roots. 'Shoka' comes from the root 'shuc', meaning to burn or to suffer pain. The suffix '-maya' is a common Sanskrit suffix indicating 'full of' or 'pervaded by'.

原始含义： Consisting of or full of burning grief.

Indo-Aryan (Sanskrit)

文化背景

This is a sensitive word. Use it with respect and only in appropriate contexts of loss or tragedy.

English speakers might use 'somber' or 'mournful' in similar contexts, though 'shokmay' often feels slightly more poetic.

Often used in news headlines regarding the death of figures like Mahatma Gandhi or Lata Mangeshkar. Common in the prefaces of tragic Hindi novels (e.g., Premchand's works). Heard in the commentary of state funerals broadcast on Doordarshan.

在生活中练习

真实语境

Funerals

  • शोकमय विदाई
  • शोक की घड़ी
  • गहरा शोक
  • अंतिम यात्रा

Literature

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