kerek 30秒了解
- Kerek means 'round' and describes circular or spherical shapes.
- It is used for round numbers like 10, 50, or 100.
- Figuratively, it describes something complete, like a 'round story'.
- The adverb 'kereken' means 'point-blank' or 'exactly'.
The Hungarian word kerek is a fundamental adjective that primarily translates to "round" in English. At its most basic level, it describes the physical geometry of an object, such as a ball, a plate, or a wheel. However, the Hungarian language utilizes this word in a variety of conceptual ways that extend far beyond simple shapes. It is used to describe completeness, numerical approximation, and even the directness of one's speech. Understanding kerek is essential for any learner because it appears in daily conversations, mathematical contexts, and idiomatic expressions that define the Hungarian worldview of wholeness and symmetry.
- Physical Shape
- Used to describe objects that are circular, spherical, or cylindrical in appearance. For example, a table, a mirror, or the moon.
Az asztal kerek, így mindenki látja egymást.
- Numerical Context
- Refers to "round numbers" (kerek számok), such as ten, one hundred, or one thousand, which lack fractional parts or specific units.
Legyen egy kerek összeg, mondjuk tízezer forint.
Beyond the physical and mathematical, the word conveys a sense of perfection or aesthetic balance. A "kerek történet" (round story) is one that is well-rounded, complete, and leaves no loose ends. It suggests a cycle that has returned to its starting point, providing a sense of satisfaction. In the kitchen, you might see kerek used to describe the shape of traditional pastries like 'pogácsa' or the large round loaves of sourdough bread that are staples of the Hungarian diet. The word is ubiquitous because the circle is a universal symbol of unity, and Hungarians use kerek to invoke that unity in everything from furniture to philosophical conclusions.
- Abstract Completeness
- Describing a situation or an argument that is logically sound and finished.
Ez egy kerek egész mondat.
A hold ma éjjel nagyon kerek és fényes.
Using kerek in Hungarian sentences follows standard adjective placement rules, meaning it typically precedes the noun it modifies. However, because Hungarian is an agglutinative language, kerek can take on various suffixes depending on its role in the sentence. For instance, if you are describing multiple round objects, you would use the plural form kerekek. If you are saying something is becoming round, you might use the verb kerekedik. This versatility allows the word to flow naturally across different grammatical structures, from simple descriptions to complex narratives.
- Attributive Usage
- When the adjective comes before the noun to describe a quality. In this position, it does not take plural or case endings.
Vettem egy kerek sajtot a piacon.
- Predicative Usage
- When the adjective follows a linking verb (like 'to be'). In this case, it must agree in number with the subject.
Ezek a gombok nagyon kerekek.
When discussing numbers, kerek often pairs with the word for number, szám. You might hear a shopkeeper say, "Kerekítsük ki," which means "Let's round it up/off." This is a common occurrence in Hungary where small change is often rounded to the nearest five forints in cash transactions. In literary or formal settings, kerek might describe a landscape, such as kerek erdő (a round forest), a common trope in Hungarian folk tales that signifies a magical or self-contained place. The word's simplicity makes it a building block for more complex expressions of beauty and order.
- Comparative and Superlative
- To compare roundness, use 'kerekebb' (rounder) and 'legkerekebb' (roundest).
Ez a labda kerekebb, mint a másik.
A gyerekek kerek szemekkel néztek rám.
You will encounter the word kerek in a multitude of everyday environments in Hungary. At the grocery store, it is used to distinguish between types of produce or baked goods. A clerk might ask if you want the "kerek zsemle" (round bun) or the long one. In the classroom, particularly during geometry or basic math, kerek is the standard term for introducing circles and spheres. Beyond these functional uses, the word is deeply embedded in the cultural fabric through folk songs and children's stories, where the "kerek világ" (round world) represents the totality of existence.
- At the Market
- Identifying shapes of fruits, vegetables, and cheeses.
Kérek egy kerek görögdinnyét.
- In Conversation
- When people want to reach a clear, final agreement or summarize a situation.
Így lesz kerek a történet.
If you are watching Hungarian news or reading a business report, you will hear kerek in discussions about anniversaries or milestones. A "kerek évforduló" is a milestone anniversary like a 50th or 100th birthday. It signifies a significant, completed cycle of time. Furthermore, in the context of design and architecture, Hungarian speakers use kerek to describe the soft, organic lines of traditional pottery or the domes of historic churches. Whether you are bargaining at a flea market or discussing the plot of a movie with friends, kerek provides the linguistic tool to describe things that are aesthetically pleasing and conceptually finished.
- Milestones
- Significant dates or round-numbered celebrations.
Ez egy kerek évforduló: ötven éves a cég.
A hold kerek arca világít.
For English speakers learning Hungarian, the most common mistake with kerek is failing to distinguish it from its noun counterpart, kerék (wheel). While they sound very similar, the long 'é' in kerék changes the meaning entirely. Saying "Ez egy kerek" (This is a round) without a noun is grammatically incomplete, whereas "Ez egy kerék" (This is a wheel) is a full sentence. Another frequent error involves the adverbial usage. Many students try to use kerek where kereken (roundly/bluntly) is required, especially in the context of speaking or rounding numbers.
- Vowel Length Confusion
- Mistaking 'kerek' (round) for 'kerék' (wheel) due to the subtle difference between 'e' and 'é'.
Hibás: Az autó kerek rossz. (Wrong: The car round is bad.)
Helyes: Az autó kereke rossz. (Correct: The car's wheel is bad.)
- Adjective vs. Adverb
- Using the adjective form to describe an action instead of the adverbial '-en' form.
Hibás: Kerek megmondtam neki. (Wrong: I told him round.)
Helyes: Kereken megmondtam neki. (Correct: I told him point-blank.)
Additionally, learners sometimes struggle with the pluralization of kerek when it acts as a predicate. In English, we say "The balls are round," where "round" stays the same. In Hungarian, you must say "A labdák kerekek," adding the plural suffix -ek. Forgetting this agreement is a hallmark of a beginner. Lastly, be careful with the word "kerekded," which means "plump" or "curvy" when describing a person's physique. While related to kerek, it has a more specific, often affectionate or descriptive nuance that isn't always interchangeable with the basic adjective.
- Plural Agreement
- The adjective must match the plural subject when used after the noun.
Az asztalok kerekek.
Kérek tíz kerek tányért.
While kerek is the most versatile word for roundness, Hungarian offers several alternatives depending on the specific geometry or context. Understanding these nuances will help you sound more like a native speaker. For instance, if you are talking about something specifically circular (like a 2D circle), you might use kör alakú. If you are describing a 3D sphere, gömbölyű is often more appropriate. These distinctions are important in technical and descriptive writing where precision is valued over the general sense of roundness.
- Kerek vs. Gömbölyű
- 'Kerek' is general roundness (2D or 3D), while 'gömbölyű' specifically implies a spherical, bulging, or 3D shape like a ball or a person's face.
A labda gömbölyű.
- Kör alakú
- Literally "circle-shaped." Used for flat objects like signs or drawings.
A tábla kör alakú.
Another interesting alternative is ívelt, which means "curved" or "arched." This is useful for describing things that aren't fully round but have a circular quality, like a bridge or a doorway. In figurative speech, instead of saying a story is kerek, you might say it is lezárt (closed/finished) or hiánytalan (complete/without lack). For numbers, pontos (exact) is the antonym of a rounded number. By mastering these synonyms, you can navigate the subtle differences between a physical circle, a spherical object, and a conceptually complete idea.
- Ívelt
- Curved or arched; used for non-complete circles.
Az ablak ívelt tetejű.
Szeretem a gömbölyded formákat.
发音指南
- Pronouncing the 'e' as a long 'ey' sound.
- Failing to roll the 'r' slightly.
- Confusing 'kerek' with 'kerék' (long 'é').
- Stress on the second syllable.
- Softening the final 'k'.
按水平分级的例句
Az asztal kerek.
The table is round.
Simple predicative use of the adjective.
Ez egy kerek labda.
This is a round ball.
Attributive use before the noun.
A nap kerek.
The sun is round.
The verb 'van' is omitted.
Kerek sajtot kérek.
I want a round cheese.
Accusative case applies to the noun, not the adjective.
A tányér kerek.
The plate is round.
Basic description.
Látok egy kerek ablakot.
I see a round window.
Object of the sentence.
A gomb kerek.
The button is round.
Singular subject.
Ez kerek?
Is this round?
Simple question.
A kerekek kerekek.
The wheels are round.
Plural agreement: 'kerekek'.
Ez a labda kerekebb.
This ball is rounder.
Comparative form.
Ma kerek évforduló van.
Today is a round anniversary.
Idiomatic use for milestones.
Szeretem a kerek formákat.
I like round shapes.
Plural noun with adjective.
A hold ma nagyon kerek.
The moon is very round today.
Describing the full moon.
Kerek számot írj fel.
Write down a round number.
Mathematical context.
A gyereknek kerek az arca.
The child has a round face.
Describing physical features.
Vegyél tíz kerek zsemlét.
Buy ten round buns.
Adjective doesn't change after a number.
Kerek perec megmondta az igazat.
He told the truth point-blank.
Idiomatic expression 'kerek perec'.
A történet végül kerek lett.
The story became complete in the end.
Abstract use for completeness.
Kerekítsük le az összeget.
Let's round down the amount.
Verb form 'kerekít'.
Kerekedik a pocakja.
His/her belly is getting rounder (becoming pregnant or gaining weight).
Verb 'kerekedik' meaning to become round.
Ez egy kerek egész mondat.
This is a complete, whole sentence.
Emphasis using 'kerek egész'.
Kerek erdő közepén jártam.
I was in the middle of a round forest.
Folkloric reference.
A szemem kerekre nyílt a csodálkozástól.
My eyes opened wide with wonder.
Idiomatic physical description.
Kereken száz forintba kerül.
It costs exactly one hundred forints.
Adverbial use for exactness.
Kereken elutasította a kérést.
He flatly rejected the request.
Adverbial use for firm refusal.
A vita végére kerek lett a kép.
By the end of the debate, the picture became clear/complete.
Metaphorical use for clarity.
Ez a legkerekebb válasz, amit adhatsz.
This is the most well-rounded answer you can give.
Superlative form 'legkerekebb'.
Kerek évszázad telt el azóta.
A full century has passed since then.
Emphasizing a completed cycle.
Kerekded formái vonzzák a tekintetet.
Her curvy forms attract the eye.
Derivative 'kerekded'.
A kerek asztal lovagjai itt ültek.
The knights of the round table sat here.
Historical/Mythological reference.
Kereken tíz évig dolgoztam ott.
I worked there for exactly ten years.
Exact duration.
A sors kereke kerek.
The wheel of fate is round (cyclic).
Philosophical play on words.
A tanulmány kerek egészében vizsgálja a kérdést.
The study examines the question in its entirety.
Formal academic usage.
Kerek e világon nincs párja.
In this wide round world, it has no equal.
Poetic/Literary phrasing.
Kerekítési hiba történt a számítás során.
A rounding error occurred during the calculation.
Technical noun 'kerekítés'.
Az érvelése nem volt teljesen kerek.
His reasoning wasn't entirely sound/complete.
Figurative use for logic.
A táj kerekded dombjai megnyugtatóak.
The rolling, rounded hills of the landscape are soothing.
Literary description.
Kereken megmondtam, hogy ne keressen többet.
I told him point-blank not to contact me anymore.
Strong adverbial usage.
A projekt egy kerek év alatt valósult meg.
The project was realized within a full year.
Emphasizing a full duration.
Kerek szavakkal dicsérte a teljesítményt.
He praised the performance with eloquent (well-rounded) words.
Stylistic adjective use.
A művészi koncepció a kerekded formák és az éles szögek kontrasztjára épül.
The artistic concept is built on the contrast between rounded forms and sharp angles.
High-level aesthetic discussion.
Kereken kijelentette, hogy a szerződés semmis.
He declared point-blank that the contract is void.
Formal legal/business context.
A népmesei 'kerek erdő' a teljesség szimbóluma.
The 'round forest' of folk tales is a symbol of wholeness.
Literary analysis.
A matematikai kerekítés szabályai itt nem alkalmazhatóak.
The rules of mathematical rounding are not applicable here.
Precise technical terminology.
A sors kerekedése kiszámíthatatlan fordulatokat hozott.
The unfolding (rounding out) of fate brought unpredictable turns.
Abstract nominalization.
Kerek e földön nem találsz még egy ilyen embert.
On this whole round earth, you won't find another person like this.
Archaic/Poetic emphasis.
Az előadás kerek ívet írt le a kezdettől a végéig.
The presentation described a complete arc from beginning to end.
Metaphorical structural description.
Kereken tízmilliárdos beruházásról van szó.
We are talking about an investment of exactly ten billion.
Formal financial reporting.
常见搭配
常用短语
— To say something very clearly and directly without hesitation.
Kerek perec megmondta a véleményét.
— Something that is perfectly complete and lacks nothing.
A történet így egy kerek egész.
— A number that is easy to calculate with, usually ending in zero.
Kerek számmal számoljunk.
— A milestone anniversary, typically a multiple of ten.
A házaspár kerek évfordulót ünnepel.
习语与表达
— Directly, bluntly, or without any further discussion.
Kerek perec nemet mondott.
informal/neutral— Something is not right or something is missing in life.
Nélküled nem kerek a világ.
poetic/emotional— To be extremely surprised.
Kerekre nyílt a szeme a meglepetéstől.
neutral— In the entire world (often used for emphasis).
Nincs párja kerek e világon.
literary— A meeting where everyone is equal.
Kerek asztal mellett tárgyaltak.
political/formal— Something is fishy or doesn't make logical sense.
Ebben a sztoriban valami nem kerek.
informal— To reject something firmly and immediately.
Kereken elutasította az ajánlatot.
neutral— One's life or situation is becoming better or more complete.
Lassan kerekedik a sora.
archaic— A total that has been adjusted for simplicity.
A kerekített összeg ötezer forint.
neutralSummary
The word 'kerek' is the essential Hungarian adjective for 'round'. It covers physical shapes (tables, balls), numerical values (round numbers), and conceptual completeness (a well-rounded story). Example: 'Az asztal kerek' (The table is round).
- Kerek means 'round' and describes circular or spherical shapes.
- It is used for round numbers like 10, 50, or 100.
- Figuratively, it describes something complete, like a 'round story'.
- The adverb 'kereken' means 'point-blank' or 'exactly'.
