Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'chuknā' (चुक्ना) after the root of a verb to emphasize that an action is fully completed.
- Attach 'chuknā' to the verb root: 'main khā chukā hūn' (I have already eaten).
- Conjugate 'chuknā' based on the subject's gender and number.
- Use it to show an action is finished before another point in time.
Overview
chuknā)。这不仅仅是简单的过去时，chuknā 强调的是“完成”！这就像是“我吃了”和“我已经吃完了”的区别。How This Grammar Works
chuknā) 看作一个结束语。它附着在主要动作上。你取主要动词的 词根 (root)（去掉 nā 后剩下的部分），然后加上变位后的 chuknā。ne (ने)！ 即使你讨论的是已完成的动作（通常在印地语中会触发 ne），chuknā 的作用是不及物的。这意味着主语保持其直接形式，动词与 主语 一致，而不是宾语。
Formation Pattern
khānā (吃) → 去掉 nā → khā。
chuknā： 根据主语的 性别和数量 进行变化。
chukā
chukī
When To Use It
- “已经”的因素： “我已经看过了。” →
Main dekh chukā hūn. - “截止日期”场景： “当你到达时，我将已经离开了。” →
Main jā chukā hūngā.
Common Mistakes
Ne的陷阱： 最大的错误。不要加ne。- ✗ 错：
Maine khā chukā. - ✓ 对：
Main khā chukā.
Contrast With Similar Patterns
- 1简单过去时 (
khāyā)： 中性。“我吃了。” - 2复合动词 (
khā liyā)： 结果导向。“我吃掉了。” - 3Chuknā (
khā chukā)： 完成状态。“我已经吃完了。”
Quick FAQ
chuknā。通常说“还没做” (nahīn kiyā hai)。Conjugation of Chuknā
| Subject | Masculine Singular | Feminine Singular | Masculine Plural | Feminine Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Main
|
chukā hūn
|
chukī hūn
|
-
|
-
|
|
Tum
|
chukā hai
|
chukī hai
|
chuke ho
|
chukī ho
|
|
Vah
|
chukā hai
|
chukī hai
|
-
|
-
|
|
Hum
|
-
|
-
|
chuke hain
|
chukī hain
|
|
Ve
|
-
|
-
|
chuke hain
|
chukī hain
|
|
Aap
|
-
|
-
|
chuke hain
|
chukī hain
|
Meanings
The verb 'chuknā' acts as an auxiliary to indicate that an action has reached completion. It emphasizes the state of 'already done' rather than just the past tense.
Completion
Action is fully finished.
“मैं पढ़ चुका हूँ।”
“वे जा चुके हैं।”
Prior occurrence
Action happened before another event.
“मेरे आने से पहले वह सो चुका था।”
“फिल्म शुरू हो चुकी थी।”
Impatient/Definitive
Used to dismiss a request because it's done.
“मैं बता चुका हूँ!”
“मैं सुन चुका हूँ।”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
Root + chukā/ī/e + hūn/hai/hain
|
Main khā chukā hūn.
|
|
Negative
|
nahīn + Root + chukā/ī/e + hūn/hai/hain
|
Main nahīn khā chukā hūn.
|
|
Interrogative
|
Kyā + Root + chukā/ī/e + hūn/hai/hain?
|
Kyā tum khā chukā hai?
|
|
Past
|
Root + chukā/ī/e + thā/thī/the
|
Main khā chukā thā.
|
|
Future
|
Root + chukā/ī/e + hogā/hogī/honge
|
Main khā chukā hogā.
|
正式程度
Main kārya pūrā kar chukā hūn. (Workplace)
Main kaam khatam kar chukā hūn. (Workplace)
Mainne kaam kar liyā hai. (Workplace)
Kaam ho gaya! (Workplace)
Chuknā Usage Map
Tense
- Present hūn/hai
- Past thā/the
- Future hogā
按水平分级的例句
मैं खा चुका हूँ।
I have finished eating.
वह जा चुका है।
He has left.
हम देख चुके हैं।
We have seen it.
तुम सो चुके हो।
You have slept.
क्या तुम काम कर चुके हो?
Have you finished the work?
मैं अभी तक नहीं पढ़ चुका हूँ।
I have not finished reading yet.
वे आ चुके हैं।
They have arrived.
वह सो चुकी थी।
She had slept.
मेरे आने से पहले वह जा चुका था।
He had already left before I came.
फिल्म शुरू हो चुकी है।
The movie has started.
क्या तुम खाना खा चुके थे?
Had you finished eating?
हम सब कुछ देख चुके हैं।
We have seen everything.
मैं यह रिपोर्ट पहले ही भेज चुका हूँ।
I have already sent this report.
वह अपनी पढ़ाई पूरी कर चुकी होगी।
She must have finished her studies.
वे बहुत पहले ही निकल चुके थे।
They had left long ago.
मैं तुम्हें कई बार बता चुका हूँ।
I have told you many times.
जब तक पुलिस आई, चोर भाग चुके थे।
By the time the police arrived, the thieves had fled.
वह इस विषय पर चर्चा कर चुका है।
He has already discussed this topic.
मुझे यकीन है कि वह काम खत्म कर चुका होगा।
I am sure he will have finished the work.
क्या तुम वाकई यह किताब पढ़ चुके हो?
Have you really finished reading this book?
उसने जो कहा, वह मैं पहले ही सुन चुका था।
What he said, I had already heard.
वे इस निष्कर्ष पर पहुँच चुके हैं।
They have reached this conclusion.
इतनी देर हो चुकी है कि अब जाना ही बेहतर है।
It has become so late that it is better to leave now.
वह सब कुछ खो चुका है।
He has lost everything.
容易混淆
Learners often use simple past when they mean 'already done'.
Mixing up completed vs ongoing actions.
Both involve 'sak' or 'chuk' roots.
常见错误
Main khā chukā.
Main khā chukā hūn.
Main (female) khā chukā hūn.
Main khā chukī hūn.
Ve khā chukā hain.
Ve khā chuke hain.
Main chukā khā hūn.
Main khā chukā hūn.
Main kal khā chukā hūn.
Main kal khā chukā thā.
Kyā tum khā chukā?
Kyā tum khā chuke ho?
Vah ā chuke hai.
Vah ā chukā hai.
Mainne khā chukā hūn.
Main khā chukā hūn.
Woh so chukā hoga kal.
Woh kal so chukā hogā.
Main kar chukā hūn kaam.
Main kaam kar chukā hūn.
Main kar chukā hūn hota.
Main kar chukā hotā.
Woh aa chukī hote.
Woh aa chukī hotī.
Main sun chukā hūn jab tum aaye.
Main sun chukā thā jab tum aaye.
Ve kar chukā hai.
Ve kar chuke hain.
句型
Main ___ chukā hūn.
Kya tum ___ chuke ho?
Main ___ pehle hi ___ chukā thā.
Jab tak tum aaye, main ___ chukā thā.
Real World Usage
Kaam ho gaya!
Main project khatam kar chukā hūn.
Main ticket book kar chukā hūn.
Main order de chukā hūn.
Main film dekh chukā hūn.
Main research kar chukā hūn.
Gender Matters
Don't Forget the Auxiliary
Use for Emphasis
Tone Matters
Smart Tips
Use 'chuknā' instead of simple past.
Use 'chukā thā' for the first event.
Use 'chukā hūn' to emphasize repetition.
Use 'chukā hogā'.
发音
Chuknā
The 'ch' is soft, like 'church'. The 'k' is aspirated.
Statement
Main khā chukā hūn. ↘
Falling intonation for facts.
Question
Kyā tum khā chuke ho? ↗
Rising intonation for questions.
记住它
记忆技巧
Think of 'Chuknā' as 'Chuck it'—once you've finished a task, you can 'chuck' it away because it's done!
视觉联想
Imagine a chef placing a finished dish on the counter and dusting off their hands. That 'dusting off' motion is the visual for 'chuknā'.
Rhyme
When the work is done and through, add chukā to the verb for you.
Story
Rohan finished his homework. He said, 'Main homework kar chukā hūn.' Then he finished his dinner. 'Main khānā khā chukā hūn.' Finally, he went to bed. 'Main so chukā hūn.'
Word Web
挑战
Write 5 sentences about things you have already done today using 'chuknā'.
文化笔记
In Delhi/UP, 'chuknā' is used very frequently in daily speech to emphasize completion.
Used in news and official documents to state that an event has occurred.
Often replaced by simple past or 'ho gaya' in very casual texting.
Derived from the Sanskrit root 'cyu' meaning to fall or move, evolving into the Hindi verb 'chuknā'.
对话开场白
Tumne aaj kya kaam kiya?
Kya tumne ye film dekh li?
Kya tumne report bhej di?
Kya tumne sab kuch taiyār kar liya?
日记主题
常见错误
Test Yourself
Main khānā ___ hūn.
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
Ve khā chukā hain.
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
I have already seen it.
Answer starts with: a...
Hum (dekhnā) ___.
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
A: Kya tumne kaam kiya? B: Haan, main ___.
Score: /8
练习题
8 exercisesMain khānā ___ hūn.
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
Ve khā chukā hain.
hūn / chukā / main / khā
I have already seen it.
Hum (dekhnā) ___.
Match:
A: Kya tumne kaam kiya? B: Haan, main ___.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesHam ghar pahunch ___ hain.
Rahul had already slept.
Priya (F) school jā chukā hai.
chukī / hūn / Main / paṛh / kitāb
Match the subject to the verb form
Kal tak main ye kām khatm kar ___.
Train jā chukī hai vs Train gayī.
Main khānā khāne chukā hūn.
They have arrived (reached).
Vah mujhe batā ___ thī.
Which means 'will have finished'?
Match time to auxiliary
Score: /12
常见问题 (8)
Yes, 'Main kar chukā hogā' means 'I will have finished'.
No, it's used in all registers.
They indicate the time of completion.
Yes, 'Main nahīn kar chukā hūn'.
Yes, most transitive and intransitive verbs.
Yes, 'chuknā' focuses on the subject's completion.
Use 'chukī'.
Yes, use 'chuke'.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Ya he terminado
Hindi puts the completion marker inside the verb structure.
J'ai déjà fini
Hindi is more synthetic.
Ich habe schon erledigt
German is SVO, Hindi is SOV.
Owatte iru
Both are SOV and use aspectual auxiliaries.
Qad intahaytu
Arabic is VSO/SVO, Hindi is SOV.
Wo zuo wan le
Hindi conjugates the auxiliary.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
相关视频
English Tenses Explained in HINDI - With PDF and a Worksheet
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Tenses in Hindi - Simple Present, Past & Future - Learn Hindi through English
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Verbs Forms in English Grammar in Hindi | Verbs in English Grammar | Form of Verbs in English
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