Exprimer « Déjà fini » avec Chuknā
chuknā pour dire que quelque chose est déjà fait ou terminé sans jamais toucher au cas ergatif ne.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'chuknā' (चुक्ना) after the root of a verb to emphasize that an action is fully completed.
- Attach 'chuknā' to the verb root: 'main khā chukā hūn' (I have already eaten).
- Conjugate 'chuknā' based on the subject's gender and number.
- Use it to show an action is finished before another point in time.
Overview
chuknā). Contrairement au passé simple, chuknā crie « Achèvement !How This Grammar Works
chuknā) comme un point final. Il s'attache à l'action principale. Vous prenez la racine de votre verbe principal (ce qui reste en enlevant nā) et ajoutez la forme conjuguée de chuknā.ne (ने) ! Même si l'action est terminée, chuknā agit comme un verbe intransitif. Le sujet reste dans sa forme directe, et le verbe s'accorde avec le sujet, pas l'objet.
Formation Pattern
khānā (manger) → enlevez nā → khā.
chuknā : Selon le genre et nombre du Sujet.
chukā
chukī
When To Use It
- Le facteur « Déjà » : « Je l'ai *déjà* vu. » →
Main dekh chukā hūn. - Le scénario « Date limite » : « D'ici ton arrivée, je serai parti. » →
Main jā chukā hūngā.
Common Mistakes
- Le piège du
Ne: N'utilisez jamaisneavecchuknā. - ✗ Faux :
Maine khā chukā. - ✓ Vrai :
Main khā chukā. - Accord de Genre : Le verbe s'accorde avec vous (sujet), pas avec l'objet.
Contrast With Similar Patterns
- 1Passé Simple (
khāyā) : Neutre. « J'ai mangé. » - 2Verbe Composé (
khā liyā) : Axé sur le résultat. « J'ai tout mangé. » - 3Chuknā (
khā chukā) : État d'achèvement. « J'ai fini de manger. »
Quick FAQ
R: Oui ! « J'aurai fini à 17h. »
R: On utilise rarement chuknā au négatif. Préférez nahīn kiyā hai.
Conjugation of Chuknā
| Subject | Masculine Singular | Feminine Singular | Masculine Plural | Feminine Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Main
|
chukā hūn
|
chukī hūn
|
-
|
-
|
|
Tum
|
chukā hai
|
chukī hai
|
chuke ho
|
chukī ho
|
|
Vah
|
chukā hai
|
chukī hai
|
-
|
-
|
|
Hum
|
-
|
-
|
chuke hain
|
chukī hain
|
|
Ve
|
-
|
-
|
chuke hain
|
chukī hain
|
|
Aap
|
-
|
-
|
chuke hain
|
chukī hain
|
Meanings
The verb 'chuknā' acts as an auxiliary to indicate that an action has reached completion. It emphasizes the state of 'already done' rather than just the past tense.
Completion
Action is fully finished.
“मैं पढ़ चुका हूँ।”
“वे जा चुके हैं।”
Prior occurrence
Action happened before another event.
“मेरे आने से पहले वह सो चुका था।”
“फिल्म शुरू हो चुकी थी।”
Impatient/Definitive
Used to dismiss a request because it's done.
“मैं बता चुका हूँ!”
“मैं सुन चुका हूँ।”
Reference Table
| Sujet (Genre) | Temps | Structure Hindi | Traduction |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Main (M)
|
Présent Perfect
|
Main khā chukā hūn
|
J'ai fini de manger
|
|
Main (F)
|
Présent Perfect
|
Main khā chukī hūn
|
J'ai fini de manger
|
|
Vah (M)
|
Plus-que-parfait
|
Vah jā chukā thā
|
Il était déjà parti
|
|
Vah (F)
|
Plus-que-parfait
|
Vah jā chukī thī
|
Elle était déjà partie
|
|
Ham/Ve (Pl)
|
Futur Antérieur
|
Ham kar chuke honge
|
Nous aurons fini de faire
|
Spectre de formalité
Main kārya pūrā kar chukā hūn. (Workplace)
Main kaam khatam kar chukā hūn. (Workplace)
Mainne kaam kar liyā hai. (Workplace)
Kaam ho gaya! (Workplace)
La Timeline de 'Chuknā'
Passé (Avait fait)
- chukā thā avait fini
Présent (A fait)
- chukā hūn a fini
Futur (Aura fait)
- chukūngā aura fini
Passé Simple vs. Chuknā
Dois-je utiliser 'Ne' (ने) ?
L'action est-elle terminée ?
Utilises-tu 'Chuknā' ?
Contextes communs pour Chuknā
Tâches
- • Devoir fini
- • Email envoyé
- • Travail terminé
Médias
- • Film vu
- • Livre lu
- • Jeu terminé
Voyage
- • Train parti
- • Déjà arrivé
- • Check-out fait
Exemples par niveau
मैं खा चुका हूँ।
I have finished eating.
वह जा चुका है।
He has left.
हम देख चुके हैं।
We have seen it.
तुम सो चुके हो।
You have slept.
क्या तुम काम कर चुके हो?
Have you finished the work?
मैं अभी तक नहीं पढ़ चुका हूँ।
I have not finished reading yet.
वे आ चुके हैं।
They have arrived.
वह सो चुकी थी।
She had slept.
मेरे आने से पहले वह जा चुका था।
He had already left before I came.
फिल्म शुरू हो चुकी है।
The movie has started.
क्या तुम खाना खा चुके थे?
Had you finished eating?
हम सब कुछ देख चुके हैं।
We have seen everything.
मैं यह रिपोर्ट पहले ही भेज चुका हूँ।
I have already sent this report.
वह अपनी पढ़ाई पूरी कर चुकी होगी।
She must have finished her studies.
वे बहुत पहले ही निकल चुके थे।
They had left long ago.
मैं तुम्हें कई बार बता चुका हूँ।
I have told you many times.
जब तक पुलिस आई, चोर भाग चुके थे।
By the time the police arrived, the thieves had fled.
वह इस विषय पर चर्चा कर चुका है।
He has already discussed this topic.
मुझे यकीन है कि वह काम खत्म कर चुका होगा।
I am sure he will have finished the work.
क्या तुम वाकई यह किताब पढ़ चुके हो?
Have you really finished reading this book?
उसने जो कहा, वह मैं पहले ही सुन चुका था।
What he said, I had already heard.
वे इस निष्कर्ष पर पहुँच चुके हैं।
They have reached this conclusion.
इतनी देर हो चुकी है कि अब जाना ही बेहतर है।
It has become so late that it is better to leave now.
वह सब कुछ खो चुका है।
He has lost everything.
Facile à confondre
Learners often use simple past when they mean 'already done'.
Mixing up completed vs ongoing actions.
Both involve 'sak' or 'chuk' roots.
Erreurs courantes
Main khā chukā.
Main khā chukā hūn.
Main (female) khā chukā hūn.
Main khā chukī hūn.
Ve khā chukā hain.
Ve khā chuke hain.
Main chukā khā hūn.
Main khā chukā hūn.
Main kal khā chukā hūn.
Main kal khā chukā thā.
Kyā tum khā chukā?
Kyā tum khā chuke ho?
Vah ā chuke hai.
Vah ā chukā hai.
Mainne khā chukā hūn.
Main khā chukā hūn.
Woh so chukā hoga kal.
Woh kal so chukā hogā.
Main kar chukā hūn kaam.
Main kaam kar chukā hūn.
Main kar chukā hūn hota.
Main kar chukā hotā.
Woh aa chukī hote.
Woh aa chukī hotī.
Main sun chukā hūn jab tum aaye.
Main sun chukā thā jab tum aaye.
Ve kar chukā hai.
Ve kar chuke hain.
Structures de phrases
Main ___ chukā hūn.
Kya tum ___ chuke ho?
Main ___ pehle hi ___ chukā thā.
Jab tak tum aaye, main ___ chukā thā.
Real World Usage
Kaam ho gaya!
Main project khatam kar chukā hūn.
Main ticket book kar chukā hūn.
Main order de chukā hūn.
Main film dekh chukā hūn.
Main research kar chukā hūn.
L'alerte au 'Ne'
Main tōḍ chukā, pas Maine tōḍ chukā.Racine + Chukā
jā chukā (déjà allé) et non jānā chukā.Formel vs Relax
khā liyā (j'ai mangé). Utiliser khā chukā sonne un peu plus officiel ou catégorique, comme pour confirmer un statut : "C'est fait".Smart Tips
Use 'chuknā' instead of simple past.
Use 'chukā thā' for the first event.
Use 'chukā hūn' to emphasize repetition.
Use 'chukā hogā'.
Prononciation
Chuknā
The 'ch' is soft, like 'church'. The 'k' is aspirated.
Statement
Main khā chukā hūn. ↘
Falling intonation for facts.
Question
Kyā tum khā chuke ho? ↗
Rising intonation for questions.
Mémorise-le
Moyen mnémotechnique
Think of 'Chuknā' as 'Chuck it'—once you've finished a task, you can 'chuck' it away because it's done!
Association visuelle
Imagine a chef placing a finished dish on the counter and dusting off their hands. That 'dusting off' motion is the visual for 'chuknā'.
Rhyme
When the work is done and through, add chukā to the verb for you.
Story
Rohan finished his homework. He said, 'Main homework kar chukā hūn.' Then he finished his dinner. 'Main khānā khā chukā hūn.' Finally, he went to bed. 'Main so chukā hūn.'
Word Web
Défi
Write 5 sentences about things you have already done today using 'chuknā'.
Notes culturelles
In Delhi/UP, 'chuknā' is used very frequently in daily speech to emphasize completion.
Used in news and official documents to state that an event has occurred.
Often replaced by simple past or 'ho gaya' in very casual texting.
Derived from the Sanskrit root 'cyu' meaning to fall or move, evolving into the Hindi verb 'chuknā'.
Amorces de conversation
Tumne aaj kya kaam kiya?
Kya tumne ye film dekh li?
Kya tumne report bhej di?
Kya tumne sab kuch taiyār kar liya?
Sujets d'écriture
Erreurs courantes
Test Yourself
Main apnā kām ___ hūn. (J'ai fini de faire mon travail.)
Choisis la bonne phrase pour 'Elle est arrivée' :
Find and fix the mistake:
Maine khānā khā chukā hūn.
Score: /3
Exercices pratiques
8 exercisesMain khānā ___ hūn.
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
Ve khā chukā hain.
hūn / chukā / main / khā
I have already seen it.
Hum (dekhnā) ___.
Match:
A: Kya tumne kaam kiya? B: Haan, main ___.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesHam ghar pahunch ___ hain.
Rahul avait déjà dormi.
Priya (F) school jā chukā hai.
chukī / hūn / Main / paṛh / kitāb
Associe le sujet à la forme verbale
Kal tak main ye kām khatm kar ___.
Train jā chukī hai vs Train gayī.
Main khānā khāne chukā hūn.
Ils sont arrivés.
Vah mujhe batā ___ thī.
Lequel signifie 'aura fini' ?
Associe le temps à l'auxiliaire
Score: /12
FAQ (8)
Yes, 'Main kar chukā hogā' means 'I will have finished'.
No, it's used in all registers.
They indicate the time of completion.
Yes, 'Main nahīn kar chukā hūn'.
Yes, most transitive and intransitive verbs.
Yes, 'chuknā' focuses on the subject's completion.
Use 'chukī'.
Yes, use 'chuke'.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Ya he terminado
Hindi puts the completion marker inside the verb structure.
J'ai déjà fini
Hindi is more synthetic.
Ich habe schon erledigt
German is SVO, Hindi is SOV.
Owatte iru
Both are SOV and use aspectual auxiliaries.
Qad intahaytu
Arabic is VSO/SVO, Hindi is SOV.
Wo zuo wan le
Hindi conjugates the auxiliary.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Vidéos associées
English Tenses Explained in HINDI - With PDF and a Worksheet
Aleena Rais Live
Tenses in Hindi - Simple Present, Past & Future - Learn Hindi through English
Watch and Learn Hindi
Verbs Forms in English Grammar in Hindi | Verbs in English Grammar | Form of Verbs in English
Dear Sir
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