Expresar 'Ya terminado' con Chuknā
ne. Tus herramientas clave son: chukā, chukī y chuke.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'chuknā' (चुक्ना) after the root of a verb to emphasize that an action is fully completed.
- Attach 'chuknā' to the verb root: 'main khā chukā hūn' (I have already eaten).
- Conjugate 'chuknā' based on the subject's gender and number.
- Use it to show an action is finished before another point in time.
Overview
chuknā).chuknā grita ¡Finalización!. Convierte los verbos en terminar de hacer X. Es la diferencia entre
comí y he terminado de comer.
How This Grammar Works
chuknā) como un cerrador. Se une a la acción principal. Tomas la raíz de tu verbo principal (lo que queda al quitar nā) y añades la forma conjugada de chuknā.ne (ने)! Aunque hables de acciones completadas (que usualmente usan ne), chuknā actúa como intransitivo. El sujeto se queda en su forma directa, y el verbo concuerda con el sujeto, no con el objeto.
Formation Pattern
khānā (comer) → quita nā → khā.
chuknā: Cámbialo según el género y número del Sujeto.
chukā
chukī
When To Use It
terminado es lo importante.- El factor
Ya:Ya lo he visto.
→Main dekh chukā hūn. - El escenario
Límite:Para cuando llegues, ya me habré ido.
→Main jā chukā hūngā.
Common Mistakes
- La trampa del
Ne: No usesne. - ✗ Mal:
Maine khā chukā. - ✓ Bien:
Main khā chukā. - Concordancia: El verbo debe coincidir contigo (el sujeto), no con la pizza (el objeto).
Contrast With Similar Patterns
- 1Pasado Simple (
khāyā): Neutral.Comí. - 2Verbo Compuesto (
khā liyā): Orientado al resultado.Me lo comí. - 3Chuknā (
khā chukā): Estado de finalización.Ya he comido.
Quick FAQ
R: ¡Sí!
Habré terminado para las 5 PM.
R: Raramente usamos chuknā en negativo. Mejor usa nahīn kiyā hai (no lo he hecho).
Conjugation of Chuknā
| Subject | Masculine Singular | Feminine Singular | Masculine Plural | Feminine Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Main
|
chukā hūn
|
chukī hūn
|
-
|
-
|
|
Tum
|
chukā hai
|
chukī hai
|
chuke ho
|
chukī ho
|
|
Vah
|
chukā hai
|
chukī hai
|
-
|
-
|
|
Hum
|
-
|
-
|
chuke hain
|
chukī hain
|
|
Ve
|
-
|
-
|
chuke hain
|
chukī hain
|
|
Aap
|
-
|
-
|
chuke hain
|
chukī hain
|
Meanings
The verb 'chuknā' acts as an auxiliary to indicate that an action has reached completion. It emphasizes the state of 'already done' rather than just the past tense.
Completion
Action is fully finished.
“मैं पढ़ चुका हूँ।”
“वे जा चुके हैं।”
Prior occurrence
Action happened before another event.
“मेरे आने से पहले वह सो चुका था।”
“फिल्म शुरू हो चुकी थी।”
Impatient/Definitive
Used to dismiss a request because it's done.
“मैं बता चुका हूँ!”
“मैं सुन चुका हूँ।”
Reference Table
| Sujeto (Género) | Tiempo | Estructura en Hindi | Traducción |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Main (M)
|
Presente Perfecto
|
Main khā chukā hūn
|
He terminado de comer
|
|
Main (F)
|
Presente Perfecto
|
Main khā chukī hūn
|
He terminado de comer
|
|
Vah (M)
|
Pasado Perfecto
|
Vah jā chukā thā
|
Él ya se había ido
|
|
Vah (F)
|
Pasado Perfecto
|
Vah jā chukī thī
|
Ella ya se había ido
|
|
Ham/Ve (Pl)
|
Futuro Perfecto
|
Ham kar chuke honge
|
Habremos terminado de hacerlo
|
Espectro de formalidad
Main kārya pūrā kar chukā hūn. (Workplace)
Main kaam khatam kar chukā hūn. (Workplace)
Mainne kaam kar liyā hai. (Workplace)
Kaam ho gaya! (Workplace)
La línea de tiempo de 'Chuknā'
Pasado (Había hecho)
- chukā thā had finished
Presente (He hecho)
- chukā hūn have finished
Futuro (Habré hecho)
- chukūngā will have finished
Pasado Simple vs. Chuknā
¿Uso 'Ne' (ने)?
¿La acción está terminada?
¿Estás usando 'Chuknā'?
Contextos comunes para Chuknā
Tareas
- • Tarea terminada
- • Email enviado
- • Trabajo finalizado
Medios
- • Película vista
- • Libro leído
- • Juego jugado
Viajes
- • Tren salió
- • Ya llegué
- • Check-out hecho
Ejemplos por nivel
मैं खा चुका हूँ।
I have finished eating.
वह जा चुका है।
He has left.
हम देख चुके हैं।
We have seen it.
तुम सो चुके हो।
You have slept.
क्या तुम काम कर चुके हो?
Have you finished the work?
मैं अभी तक नहीं पढ़ चुका हूँ।
I have not finished reading yet.
वे आ चुके हैं।
They have arrived.
वह सो चुकी थी।
She had slept.
मेरे आने से पहले वह जा चुका था।
He had already left before I came.
फिल्म शुरू हो चुकी है।
The movie has started.
क्या तुम खाना खा चुके थे?
Had you finished eating?
हम सब कुछ देख चुके हैं।
We have seen everything.
मैं यह रिपोर्ट पहले ही भेज चुका हूँ।
I have already sent this report.
वह अपनी पढ़ाई पूरी कर चुकी होगी।
She must have finished her studies.
वे बहुत पहले ही निकल चुके थे।
They had left long ago.
मैं तुम्हें कई बार बता चुका हूँ।
I have told you many times.
जब तक पुलिस आई, चोर भाग चुके थे।
By the time the police arrived, the thieves had fled.
वह इस विषय पर चर्चा कर चुका है।
He has already discussed this topic.
मुझे यकीन है कि वह काम खत्म कर चुका होगा।
I am sure he will have finished the work.
क्या तुम वाकई यह किताब पढ़ चुके हो?
Have you really finished reading this book?
उसने जो कहा, वह मैं पहले ही सुन चुका था।
What he said, I had already heard.
वे इस निष्कर्ष पर पहुँच चुके हैं।
They have reached this conclusion.
इतनी देर हो चुकी है कि अब जाना ही बेहतर है।
It has become so late that it is better to leave now.
वह सब कुछ खो चुका है।
He has lost everything.
Fácil de confundir
Learners often use simple past when they mean 'already done'.
Mixing up completed vs ongoing actions.
Both involve 'sak' or 'chuk' roots.
Errores comunes
Main khā chukā.
Main khā chukā hūn.
Main (female) khā chukā hūn.
Main khā chukī hūn.
Ve khā chukā hain.
Ve khā chuke hain.
Main chukā khā hūn.
Main khā chukā hūn.
Main kal khā chukā hūn.
Main kal khā chukā thā.
Kyā tum khā chukā?
Kyā tum khā chuke ho?
Vah ā chuke hai.
Vah ā chukā hai.
Mainne khā chukā hūn.
Main khā chukā hūn.
Woh so chukā hoga kal.
Woh kal so chukā hogā.
Main kar chukā hūn kaam.
Main kaam kar chukā hūn.
Main kar chukā hūn hota.
Main kar chukā hotā.
Woh aa chukī hote.
Woh aa chukī hotī.
Main sun chukā hūn jab tum aaye.
Main sun chukā thā jab tum aaye.
Ve kar chukā hai.
Ve kar chuke hain.
Patrones de oraciones
Main ___ chukā hūn.
Kya tum ___ chuke ho?
Main ___ pehle hi ___ chukā thā.
Jab tak tum aaye, main ___ chukā thā.
Real World Usage
Kaam ho gaya!
Main project khatam kar chukā hūn.
Main ticket book kar chukā hūn.
Main order de chukā hūn.
Main film dekh chukā hūn.
Main research kar chukā hūn.
La alerta del 'Ne'
Main tōḍ chukā, nunca Maine tōḍ chukā.Raíz + Chukā
jā chukā (ya se fue), no jānā chukā.Formal vs. Casual
khā liyā (lo comí). Pero khā chukā suena más rotundo, como confirmando un estado oficial: Main khā chukā hūn.
Smart Tips
Use 'chuknā' instead of simple past.
Use 'chukā thā' for the first event.
Use 'chukā hūn' to emphasize repetition.
Use 'chukā hogā'.
Pronunciación
Chuknā
The 'ch' is soft, like 'church'. The 'k' is aspirated.
Statement
Main khā chukā hūn. ↘
Falling intonation for facts.
Question
Kyā tum khā chuke ho? ↗
Rising intonation for questions.
Memorízalo
Mnemotecnia
Think of 'Chuknā' as 'Chuck it'—once you've finished a task, you can 'chuck' it away because it's done!
Asociación visual
Imagine a chef placing a finished dish on the counter and dusting off their hands. That 'dusting off' motion is the visual for 'chuknā'.
Rhyme
When the work is done and through, add chukā to the verb for you.
Story
Rohan finished his homework. He said, 'Main homework kar chukā hūn.' Then he finished his dinner. 'Main khānā khā chukā hūn.' Finally, he went to bed. 'Main so chukā hūn.'
Word Web
Desafío
Write 5 sentences about things you have already done today using 'chuknā'.
Notas culturales
In Delhi/UP, 'chuknā' is used very frequently in daily speech to emphasize completion.
Used in news and official documents to state that an event has occurred.
Often replaced by simple past or 'ho gaya' in very casual texting.
Derived from the Sanskrit root 'cyu' meaning to fall or move, evolving into the Hindi verb 'chuknā'.
Inicios de conversación
Tumne aaj kya kaam kiya?
Kya tumne ye film dekh li?
Kya tumne report bhej di?
Kya tumne sab kuch taiyār kar liya?
Temas para diario
Errores comunes
Test Yourself
Main apnā kām ___ hūn. (He terminado de hacer mi trabajo.)
Elige la frase correcta para 'Ella ha llegado':
Find and fix the mistake:
Maine khānā khā chukā hūn.
Score: /3
Ejercicios de practica
8 exercisesMain khānā ___ hūn.
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
Ve khā chukā hain.
hūn / chukā / main / khā
I have already seen it.
Hum (dekhnā) ___.
Match:
A: Kya tumne kaam kiya? B: Haan, main ___.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesHam ghar pahunch ___ hain.
Rahul ya se había dormido.
Priya (F) school jā chukā hai.
chukī / hūn / Main / paṛh / kitāb
Empareja el sujeto con la forma del verbo
Kal tak main ye kām khatm kar ___.
Train jā chukī hai vs Train gayī.
Main khānā khāne chukā hūn.
Ellos han llegado.
Vah mujhe batā ___ thī.
¿Cuál significa 'habrá terminado'?
Empareja el tiempo con el auxiliar
Score: /12
Preguntas frecuentes (8)
Yes, 'Main kar chukā hogā' means 'I will have finished'.
No, it's used in all registers.
They indicate the time of completion.
Yes, 'Main nahīn kar chukā hūn'.
Yes, most transitive and intransitive verbs.
Yes, 'chuknā' focuses on the subject's completion.
Use 'chukī'.
Yes, use 'chuke'.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Ya he terminado
Hindi puts the completion marker inside the verb structure.
J'ai déjà fini
Hindi is more synthetic.
Ich habe schon erledigt
German is SVO, Hindi is SOV.
Owatte iru
Both are SOV and use aspectual auxiliaries.
Qad intahaytu
Arabic is VSO/SVO, Hindi is SOV.
Wo zuo wan le
Hindi conjugates the auxiliary.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Videos relacionados
Related Grammar Rules
Hacer que las cosas se hagan: Segundo Causativo (-vana)
### Overview ¡Hola! Como estudiante de nivel B1, ya sabes que el hindi es un idioma fascinante, pero a veces puede sent...
Podría tener que y Podría lograr: Combinar modales (सकنا, पड़ना, पाना)
### Overview ¡Hola! Qué gusto saludarte. Como alguien que ha transitado el camino del español al hindi, sé perfectament...
Conectando Verbos: Querer, Intentar, Empezar (Control y Ascenso)
Overview ¿Alguna vez has notado cómo en hindi puedes querer una pizza con tanta fuerza que el verbo 'querer' concuerda c...
Encadenamiento de verbos en hindi: Cómo usar múltiples auxiliares
### Overview Dominar el hindi en un nivel C1 requiere trascender la estructura de verbo simple y adentrarse en el fasci...
La Matriz Hinglish: Verbos en inglés en hindi (करना / होना)
Overview ¿Alguna vez has visto una película de Bollywood en Netflix sin subtítulos? Probablemente te diste cuenta de que...
