When you're starting to learn Indonesian, you'll find the word ajar is quite useful. It's a basic verb that means 'to teach'. You'll often see it used in phrases like 'mengajar' which also means 'to teach' but with a slight grammatical difference you'll learn later. For now, just remember ajar as the core idea of teaching. It's a foundational word for talking about education and learning.
Let's talk about the Indonesian word ajar. It's a key word for anyone learning Indonesian, and you'll hear it a lot.
- Definition
- To teach. It's used as a root word to form other related words like 'mengajar' (to teach), 'pelajar' (student), and 'ajaran' (teaching/doctrine).
§ Basic Use of 'Ajar'
When you want to say 'to teach' in Indonesian, you usually add the prefix 'me-' to 'ajar', making it mengajar. This is the most common form you'll use.
Dia mengajar bahasa Inggris.
Translation hint: He/She teaches English.
Guru itu mengajar dengan sabar.
Translation hint: The teacher teaches patiently.
§ Related Words from 'Ajar'
The root word 'ajar' is very productive. You'll see it in many other words:
- Pelajar: This means 'student' or 'learner'.
- Pelajaran: This means 'lesson' or 'subject'.
- Ajaran: This refers to 'teaching', 'doctrine', or 'instruction'.
- Mengajarkan: This is a transitive verb meaning 'to teach something'.
- Diajar: This is the passive form, meaning 'to be taught'.
Para pelajar sedang belajar di perpustakaan.
Translation hint: The students are studying in the library.
Apa pelajaran favoritmu?
Translation hint: What is your favorite subject?
Dia mengikuti ajaran agamanya.
Translation hint: He/She follows the teachings of his/her religion.
Ibu saya mengajarkan saya memasak.
Translation hint: My mother taught me to cook.
Anak itu diajar oleh guru lesnya.
Translation hint: The child is taught by his/her tutor.
§ 'Ajar' vs. 'Didik'
You might also come across the word didik, which also relates to teaching. While 'ajar' focuses on the act of imparting knowledge or skills, 'didik' (and its derived forms like 'mendidik') often carries a stronger connotation of 'educate' or 'nurture', especially in a holistic sense, including moral values and character building.
- Didik Definition
- To educate, to bring up, to nurture.
Orang tua bertanggung jawab untuk mendidik anak-anak mereka.
Translation hint: Parents are responsible for educating their children.
Sekolah bertujuan untuk mendidik generasi muda.
Translation hint: Schools aim to educate the younger generation.
So, while both 'ajar' and 'didik' involve teaching, 'ajar' is more about the transmission of knowledge or skills, and 'didik' is about comprehensive upbringing and character formation.
按水平分级的例句
Saya ajar adik saya berenang setiap akhir pekan.
I teach my younger sibling to swim every weekend.
Guru itu ajar kami matematika dengan sabar.
That teacher teaches us math patiently.
Dia ajar anjingnya duduk dan berjabat tangan.
He teaches his dog to sit and shake hands.
Kakek saya ajar saya cara bertani sejak kecil.
My grandfather taught me how to farm since I was little.
Apakah kamu bisa ajar saya bermain gitar?
Can you teach me to play the guitar?
Orang tua ajar anak-anaknya nilai-nilai moral.
Parents teach their children moral values.
Pelatih itu ajar timnya strategi baru.
That coach teaches his team new strategies.
Ibu saya ajar saya memasak resep keluarga.
My mother teaches me to cook family recipes.
容易混淆的词
This means 'to learn.' The subject is gaining knowledge, while 'mengajar' means the subject is imparting knowledge.
When used in an imperative context (e.g., 'Ajar aku!'), it means 'Teach me!' This is a direct command.
This means 'doctrine' or 'teachings' (a set of principles or beliefs), not the act of teaching itself.
习语与表达
"mengajar les"
to give/tutor lessons
Dia mengajar les bahasa Inggris setiap hari Sabtu.
neutral"belajar mengajar"
the process of teaching and learning
Proses belajar mengajar di sekolah itu sangat interaktif.
neutral"mengajar diri sendiri"
to teach oneself / self-study
Dia mengajar diri sendiri bermain gitar lewat YouTube.
neutral"ajar-mengajar"
teaching each other (often informally)
Kami ajar-mengajar resep masakan baru.
informal"mengajar sambil belajar"
to learn while teaching
Saya merasa mengajar sambil belajar dari pengalaman mereka.
neutral"diajarin"
taught (informal passive form of 'mengajar')
Saya diajarin bikin kue sama ibu.
informal"mengajar ilmu"
to impart knowledge
Guru itu mengajar ilmu pengetahuan alam.
formal"mengajar moral"
to teach morals
Orang tua harus mengajar moral yang baik kepada anak-anaknya.
neutral"mengajar dengan hati"
to teach with passion/sincerely
Dia selalu mengajar dengan hati, itu sebabnya murid-muridnya suka.
neutral"mengajar dari nol"
to teach from scratch/from the very beginning
Saya harus mengajar dari nol karena mereka belum tahu apa-apa.
neutral容易混淆
Often confused with 'belajar' (to learn). Both relate to education but from different perspectives.
Mengajar means 'to teach' (the act of imparting knowledge). It implies an active role of the teacher.
Guru itu sedang mengajar matematika. (That teacher is teaching mathematics.)
Can be confused with 'pelajar' (student).
Pelajaran refers to 'a lesson' or 'subject matter.' It's what is taught or learned.
Pelajaran bahasa Indonesia itu menarik. (That Indonesian language lesson is interesting.)
Similar in form to 'mengajar' but with a different grammatical role.
Pengajaran is the noun form, meaning 'the act of teaching' or 'instruction.' It's the process itself.
Metode pengajaran mereka sangat efektif. (Their teaching methods are very effective.)
This is the passive form of 'mengajar,' and learners might mistake it for an active verb.
Diajar means 'to be taught.' The subject of the sentence is receiving the teaching.
Saya diajar oleh guru bahasa Inggris. (I am taught by the English teacher.)
Its direct meaning 'to teach' is rarely used alone; it's almost always affixed.
While 'ajar' means 'to teach,' you'll almost always see it with prefixes/suffixes (e.g., 'mengajar,' 'belajar'). It's the core meaning, but not the common usage.
We don't typically say 'Saya ajar.' Instead, we say 'Saya mengajar' (I teach) or 'Saya belajar' (I learn).
如何使用
Ajar is the root word. It becomes mengajar when used as a verb. For example:
- Dia mengajar bahasa Inggris. (He/She teaches English.)
- Saya suka mengajar. (I like to teach.)
Do not use 'ajar' directly as a verb. Always use the prefixed form 'mengajar'. For example, do not say:
Dia ajar bahasa Inggris.
自我测试 30 个问题
Dia suka meng___ murid-muridnya.
The verb 'mengajar' means 'to teach'. 'Ajar' is the root word.
Guru itu akan meng___ bahasa Indonesia.
'Mengajari' means 'to teach someone/something'.
Siapa yang meng___ kamu berenang?
'Mengajarkan' means 'to teach a skill or subject'.
Dia di___ oleh guru yang baik.
'Diajar' is the passive form, meaning 'to be taught'.
Anak itu pandai karena sering di___ orang tuanya.
'Diajari' is the passive form of 'mengajari', meaning 'to be taught by someone'.
Apakah kamu suka meng___ orang lain?
'Mengajar' is the general verb 'to teach'.
The typical Indonesian sentence structure is Subject-Verb-Object-Adverbial. 'Guru' (teacher) is the subject, 'mengajar' (to teach) is the verb, 'murid-murid' (students) is the indirect object, 'sejarah' (history) is the direct object, and 'di kelas' (in the classroom) is the adverbial phrase.
The sentence starts with the subject 'Dia' (He/She), followed by the verb 'ingin' (wants) and the main verb 'mengajar' (to teach). 'Bahasa Indonesia' (Indonesian language) is the direct object, and 'kepada orang asing' (to foreigners) indicates the recipient.
This sentence emphasizes the importance of quality education. 'Pendidikan yang berkualitas' (Quality education) is the subject. 'Adalah kunci' (is the key) leads to the purpose, 'untuk mengajar generasi mendatang' (to teach the next generation).
You are a new teacher at an international school in Jakarta. Write a short introduction to your students, mentioning your teaching philosophy and how you plan to make learning engaging. Use 'ajar' at least once.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
Selamat pagi semua. Saya guru baru kalian. Saya percaya bahwa proses mengajar harus interaktif dan menyenangkan. Saya akan mengajar kalian dengan berbagai metode agar pembelajaran tidak membosankan dan kalian dapat aktif berpartisipasi.
Describe a challenging teaching experience you or someone you know has faced. What was the difficulty, and how was it overcome? Use 'ajar' at least once.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
Seorang teman saya pernah mengalami kesulitan mengajar siswa yang kurang motivasi. Dia mencoba berbagai pendekatan, termasuk menggunakan permainan dan proyek kolaboratif, untuk membuat mereka lebih tertarik pada materi pelajaran. Akhirnya, metode mengajarnya berhasil.
Imagine you are developing a new curriculum for a language school. Write a brief outline of the curriculum's objectives and the innovative methods you'll use to teach. Include 'ajar' in your response.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
Kurikulum baru ini bertujuan untuk membantu siswa menguasai bahasa Indonesia dalam konteks praktis. Kami akan mengajar dengan fokus pada komunikasi sehari-hari, menggunakan simulasi dan interaksi langsung dengan penutur asli untuk memaksimalkan kemampuan berbicara mereka.
Menurut teks, apa salah satu upaya pemerintah untuk meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan?
Read this passage:
Pendidikan di Indonesia terus berkembang. Pemerintah berupaya meningkatkan kualitas guru dan materi ajar untuk memastikan setiap siswa mendapatkan pendidikan yang layak. Tantangan utama adalah pemerataan akses pendidikan di seluruh wilayah kepulauan.
Menurut teks, apa salah satu upaya pemerintah untuk meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan?
Teks secara eksplisit menyatakan 'Pemerintah berupaya meningkatkan kualitas guru dan materi ajar'.
Teks secara eksplisit menyatakan 'Pemerintah berupaya meningkatkan kualitas guru dan materi ajar'.
Apa keuntungan dari metode mengajar yang partisipatif menurut teks?
Read this passage:
Banyak ahli pendidikan percaya bahwa metode mengajar yang partisipatif dan berpusat pada siswa lebih efektif dibandingkan metode tradisional. Dengan demikian, siswa tidak hanya menerima informasi, tetapi juga aktif membangun pemahaman mereka sendiri.
Apa keuntungan dari metode mengajar yang partisipatif menurut teks?
Teks menyebutkan 'siswa tidak hanya menerima informasi, tetapi juga aktif membangun pemahaman mereka sendiri'.
Teks menyebutkan 'siswa tidak hanya menerima informasi, tetapi juga aktif membangun pemahaman mereka sendiri'.
Bagaimana teknologi digital memengaruhi cara mengajar dan belajar?
Read this passage:
Teknologi digital telah mengubah cara kita mengajar dan belajar. Platform pembelajaran online memungkinkan akses ke materi ajar dari mana saja, dan alat interaktif membuat proses belajar menjadi lebih menarik. Namun, tantangan infrastruktur masih ada di beberapa daerah.
Bagaimana teknologi digital memengaruhi cara mengajar dan belajar?
Teks menyatakan 'Platform pembelajaran online memungkinkan akses ke materi ajar dari mana saja, dan alat interaktif membuat proses belajar menjadi lebih menarik'.
Teks menyatakan 'Platform pembelajaran online memungkinkan akses ke materi ajar dari mana saja, dan alat interaktif membuat proses belajar menjadi lebih menarik'.
Metode ____ yang kompleks ini menuntut pemahaman mendalam tentang prinsip-prinsip pedagogis modern. (The complex teaching method demands a deep understanding of modern pedagogical principles.)
'Pengajaran' refers to the act or method of teaching, which fits the context of 'metode' (method). The other options don't fit grammatically or semantically.
Para filsuf kuno ____ bahwa kebijaksanaan sejati datang dari introspeksi dan pengalaman hidup. (Ancient philosophers taught that true wisdom comes from introspection and life experience.)
'Mengajari' means 'to teach someone/something' or 'to instruct'. In this context, the philosophers are the ones doing the teaching. 'Belajar' means to learn, 'diajar' means to be taught, and 'ajaran' is a teaching/doctrine.
Dia merasa terpanggil untuk ____ ilmu-ilmu alam kepada generasi muda, menginspirasi mereka untuk menjelajahi misteri alam semesta. (He felt called to teach natural sciences to the younger generation, inspiring them to explore the mysteries of the universe.)
'Mengajar' is the verb 'to teach'. The sentence describes the act of teaching natural sciences. 'Belajar' means to learn, 'diajar' means to be taught, and 'pelajaran' means a lesson.
Filosofi ____ yang dianut oleh komunitas tersebut menekankan pentingnya keselarasan antara manusia dan alam. (The philosophy of teaching embraced by that community emphasizes the importance of harmony between humans and nature.)
'Filosofi pengajaran' (philosophy of teaching) is the correct collocation. 'Ajar' is the root word, but 'pengajaran' is the noun form indicating the concept of teaching.
Dalam konteks kearifan lokal, para sesepuh ____ nilai-nilai luhur melalui cerita-cerita dan teladan hidup mereka. (In the context of local wisdom, the elders teach noble values through their stories and life examples.)
'Mengajarkan' means 'to teach something' or 'to impart knowledge/values'. It perfectly fits the context where elders impart noble values. 'Belajar' means to learn, 'diajar' means to be taught, and 'ajaran' is a teaching/doctrine.
Sistem pendidikan yang inovatif ini dirancang untuk memastikan bahwa setiap siswa dapat ____ sesuai dengan gaya belajar masing-masing. (This innovative education system is designed to ensure that every student can be taught according to their individual learning style.)
'Diajar' means 'to be taught'. The sentence implies that students are the recipients of teaching. 'Mengajar' means to teach (active), 'belajar' means to learn, and 'pengajaran' is the act of teaching.
The philanthropists taught humanitarian values to the community.
Self-learning is an effective approach to teaching oneself.
This new curriculum is designed to teach 21st-century skills.
Read this aloud:
Bisakah Anda mengajarkan saya cara menggunakan perangkat lunak ini?
Focus: mengajarkan
你说的：
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Read this aloud:
Ia mengajar di universitas ternama, berdedikasi pada pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan.
Focus: mengajar
你说的：
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Read this aloud:
Apa yang paling berkesan dari apa yang telah diajarkan mentor Anda?
Focus: diajarkan
你说的：
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/ 30 correct
Perfect score!
