A1 verb 中性 3分钟阅读

scusare

/skuˈzare/
开始练习 笔记与提示

Overview

The Italian verb 'scusare' is a versatile and commonly used word that translates primarily to 'to excuse,' 'to forgive,' or 'to apologize.' Its usage can vary depending on the context and whether it is used reflexively or non-reflexively.

**Non-Reflexive Usage (Scusare):**

When 'scusare' is used non-reflexively, it generally means 'to excuse' or 'to forgive' someone for something. In this form, it takes a direct object, which is the person being excused or forgiven.

* **To excuse someone:**

  • Ti scuso per il ritardo. (I excuse you for the delay.)
  • Il professore ha scusato gli studenti assenti. (The professor excused the absent students.)

* **To forgive someone:**

  • Spero che tu mi scusi. (I hope you forgive me.)
  • Non riesco a scusarlo per quello che ha fatto. (I can't forgive him for what he did.)

**Reflexive Usage (Scusarsi):**

When 'scusare' is used reflexively as 'scusarsi,' it means 'to apologize' or 'to excuse oneself.' In this form, the action of excusing or apologizing is directed back at the subject.

  • To apologize: This is the most common usage of 'scusarsi.' It is often followed by 'per' (for) to specify what one is apologizing for.
  • Mi scuso per il disturbo. (I apologize for the inconvenience.)
  • Devi scusarti con lei. (You need to apologize to her.)
  • Si è scusato profusamente per l'errore. (He apologized profusely for the mistake.)
  • To excuse oneself (leaving): In some contexts, 'scusarsi' can also mean to excuse oneself when leaving a place or interrupting a conversation, often as a polite gesture.
  • Mi scuso, ma devo andare. (Excuse me, but I have to go.)
  • Si è scusato e si è allontanato. (He excused himself and left.)

**Common Expressions and Nuances:**

  • Scusa/Scusi/Scusate: These are imperative forms used to say 'excuse me' or 'I'm sorry.'
  • Scusa! (informal, singular) - Excuse me! / Sorry!
  • Scusi! (formal, singular) - Excuse me! / Sorry!

* *Scusate!* (plural) - Excuse me! / Sorry!

These are used for getting someone's attention, apologizing for a minor transgression (e.g., bumping into someone), or asking to pass.

  • Mi scusi tanto! (Formal) or Scusami tanto! (Informal): "I'm very sorry!“ or ”Please excuse me!"
  • Non c'è di che / Prego: When someone says 'Mi scuso,' a common response is 'Non c'è di che' (You're welcome / Don't mention it) or 'Prego' (You're welcome / Please).
  • Scusare un errore: To forgive a mistake.
  • Scusare la sua assenza: To excuse his/her absence.

* loro si scusano

Understanding the distinction between 'scusare' and 'scusarsi,' along with their various contextual applications, is crucial for mastering polite communication and expressing forgiveness or apology in Italian.

例句

1

2

常见搭配

scusare un errore
scusare la maleducazione
scusare il ritardo
scusare l'ignoranza

容易混淆的词

scusare vs w

80+ WORDS

语法模式

p1 p2 p3

如何使用

When using 'scusare,' it's important to differentiate between its various forms and contexts. 'Mi scusi' is the formal way to say 'excuse me' or 'I'm sorry' and is appropriate when addressing strangers, elders, or in formal settings. 'Scusa' is the informal equivalent, used with friends, family, or people you know well. When asking for forgiveness for a more significant error, you might say 'Chiedo scusa' (I ask for forgiveness) or 'Ti chiedo scusa' (I ask you for forgiveness, informal). The verb can also be used reflexively: 'scusarsi' means 'to apologize.' For instance, 'Devo scusarmi per il ritardo' (I must apologize for the delay). 'Scusare' can also mean 'to excuse' in the sense of letting someone off the hook, as in 'La scuso per la sua assenza' (I excuse her for her absence). Pay attention to the direct and indirect object pronouns when using the verb, as they change depending on who is being excused or apologized to.

常见错误

Many learners confuse 'scusare' (to forgive/to excuse) with 'perdonare' (to pardon/to forgive). While often interchangeable, 'scusare' can also be used in contexts like 'scusare il disturbo' (to excuse the bother), which 'perdonare' wouldn't fit. Another common mistake is using 'scusarsi' (to apologize) incorrectly; remember the reflexive 'si' indicates 'oneself', so 'mi scuso' means 'I apologize' or 'I excuse myself'.

小贴士

💡

Common Phrases

'Mi scusi' means 'Excuse me' (formal singular), 'Scusa' means 'Excuse me' (informal singular), and 'Scusate' means 'Excuse me' (plural).

💡

Usage Note

While 'scusare' can mean 'to forgive', 'perdonare' is often used specifically for 'to forgive' in a more profound sense (e.g., 'to forgive a sin').

💡

Related Nouns

The noun form is 'scusa' (feminine), meaning 'excuse' or 'apology'. For example, 'chiedere scusa' means 'to apologize'.

词源

From Latin 'excusare', from 'ex' (out of) + 'causa' (cause, reason). The original meaning was to 'free from an accusation' or 'allege in excuse'. It entered into Italian with a similar meaning and evolved to encompass the broader sense of forgiving or apologizing. Its roots can be traced back to Proto-Indo-European *keh₂u- (to strike, to hew), which developed into various words related to cause, accusation, and blame in Latin and subsequently in Romance languages. The evolution of 'scusare' reflects a shift from a legal or formal context of clearing blame to a more interpersonal and social act of expressing regret or granting forgiveness.

文化背景

In Italian culture, 'scusare' (to forgive/to excuse) and its related forms like 'mi scusi' (excuse me/I'm sorry) or 'scusa' (informal) are deeply ingrained in daily interactions. Politeness and respect are highly valued, and acknowledging minor transgressions or seeking permission often involves using these terms. For example, when bumping into someone, interrupting, or asking for clarification, a quick 'mi scusi' is standard. The act of forgiveness itself, 'il perdono,' holds significant cultural and religious importance, particularly in a predominantly Catholic country. While 'scusare' can imply a more superficial 'excuse me,' it also carries the weight of acknowledging fault and seeking to mend social harmony. The emphasis on maintaining good relationships and showing respect means that 'scusare' is used frequently, contributing to a generally courteous communication style. It's not just about admitting wrong, but also about showing consideration for others' feelings and social space.

记忆技巧

Think of 'scusa' (excuse me/I'm sorry) which is the imperative form. So, 'scusare' means 'to excuse' or 'to forgive'.

常见问题

4 个问题

The Italian verb 'scusare' primarily means 'to forgive,' 'to excuse,' or 'to apologize.' It's a versatile verb that can be used in various contexts depending on the nuance of the situation. When used reflexively as 'scusarsi,' it explicitly means 'to apologize' or 'to excuse oneself.' Understanding these core meanings is essential for proper usage in conversation and writing.

'Scusarsi' is the reflexive form of 'scusare,' and it specifically means 'to apologize' or 'to excuse oneself.' While 'scusare' can mean 'to forgive' someone else or 'to excuse' an action, 'scusarsi' focuses on the act of seeking forgiveness or making an apology for one's own actions or words. For example, 'Mi scuso' means 'I apologize,' whereas 'Ti scuso' means 'I forgive you.'

Certainly! Here are a few examples: 1. 'Ti scuso per il ritardo.' (I forgive you for the delay.) - Here, 'scusare' means to forgive. 2. 'Mi scusi, non volevo disturbarla.' (Excuse me, I didn't mean to disturb you.) - This uses 'scusarsi' to apologize. 3. 'Scusa il mio italiano, sto ancora imparando.' (Excuse my Italian, I'm still learning.) - This implies asking for understanding or tolerance for a flaw.

Some common phrases include: 'Scusa!' or 'Mi scusi!' (Excuse me!/I apologize!), 'Non c'è di che scusarsi.' (There's nothing to apologize for.), 'Scusa il disturbo.' (Sorry for the inconvenience.), 'Scusate il ritardo.' (Excuse the delay - plural/formal), and 'Mi scuso per l'errore.' (I apologize for the mistake.) These phrases are incredibly useful in daily Italian communication.

自我测试

fill blank

Non posso credere di averlo fatto. Ti prego di _______.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
fill blank

Dovresti _______ con lei per il tuo comportamento maleducato.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
fill blank

Lui non vuole _______ per quello che ha detto.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：

得分： /3

相关内容

有帮助吗？

评论 (0)

登录后评论
还没有评论。成为第一个分享想法的人！