The word 契約書 (keiyakusho) literally translates to 'contract document' or 'written agreement'. It's a crucial term in any situation where a formal understanding or promise needs to be put down in writing to ensure clarity and enforceability. Think of it as the paper that seals a deal or solidifies a commitment. In Japan, as in many cultures, formalizing agreements through written documents is a common and important practice, especially in business, legal matters, and even personal transactions that carry significant weight.
You'll encounter 契約書 in various scenarios. When a company hires a new employee, there's an employment contract (雇用契約書 - koyou keiyakusho). When you rent an apartment, you sign a lease agreement (賃貸契約書 - chintai keiyakusho). Buying a house involves a purchase agreement (売買契約書 - baibai keiyakusho). Even in less formal settings, if two parties agree on a specific service or project with defined terms, a 契約書 might be drawn up to avoid misunderstandings. The presence of a 契約書 signifies a serious commitment and provides a reference point if any disputes arise later. It's the tangible evidence of a mutual promise.
The importance of a 契約書 cannot be overstated. It protects both parties by clearly defining responsibilities, deliverables, timelines, payment terms, and conditions for termination. Without a written contract, agreements can become ambiguous, leading to potential conflicts and legal complications. The document serves as a framework for the relationship between the parties involved, ensuring that everyone is on the same page regarding the expectations and outcomes of their agreement. It's the foundation upon which trust and successful collaborations are built.
In business, a 契約書 is fundamental for everything from supplier agreements and partnership deals to service contracts and confidentiality agreements. In real estate, it's the cornerstone of any property transaction. In employment, it ensures fair treatment and clear expectations for both employer and employee. Even in personal matters, such as lending a significant amount of money or making a large purchase, a simple written agreement, essentially a 契約書, can prevent future disagreements. The act of signing a 契約書 is a solemn one, indicating a commitment to abide by its terms.
Understanding 契約書 is vital for anyone engaging in formal agreements, whether for personal or professional reasons. It represents the formalization of a promise, the establishment of clear boundaries, and the legal framework for a transaction or relationship. It's more than just paper; it's a symbol of commitment and a tool for ensuring that agreements are upheld as intended. The word itself evokes a sense of seriousness and importance, highlighting the need for careful consideration and clear communication when drafting or signing such documents.
This 契約書 details the terms of our business partnership.
- Key Concepts
- Formal Agreement: A 契約書 is a formal, not casual, understanding.
- Written Proof: It serves as written evidence of what was agreed upon.
- Legal Binding: Often, it carries legal weight and can be enforced in court.
- Mutual Obligation: It defines what each party must do.
Using 契約書 in a sentence is straightforward once you understand its meaning. It typically functions as a noun, referring to the document itself. You might use it when discussing the act of signing, the content of an agreement, or the existence of a formal contract. The context will usually make it clear whether you are talking about a specific type of contract or contracts in general.
In business contexts, 契約書 is used frequently. For example, 'We need to finalize the 契約書 before the end of the week' (今週中に契約書を最終決定する必要があります - Konshuu chuu ni keiyakusho o saishuu kettei suru hitsuyou ga arimasu). This sentence emphasizes the importance of completing the contract document. Another example: 'Please review the attached 契約書 carefully' (添付された契約書をよく確認してください - Tenpu sareta keiyakusho o yoku kakunin shite kudasai). Here, it's used to direct someone's attention to the document's details.
In everyday life, it might appear in sentences related to rentals or purchases. 'The rental 契約書 was quite long' (賃貸契約書はかなり長かったです - Chintai keiyakusho wa kanari nagakatta desu). This highlights the detailed nature of such documents. When discussing legal matters, it's also common: 'The lawyer drafted a new 契約書 for the merger' (弁護士が合併のための新しい契約書を作成しました - Bengoshi ga gappei no tame no atarashii keiyakusho o sakusei shimashita). This shows the role of legal professionals in creating these agreements.
When referring to the signing of a contract, you might say: 'Both parties signed the 契約書 with a pen' (両者はペンで契約書に署名しました - Ryousha wa pen de keiyakusho ni shomei shimashita). This action of signing is a critical step in making the agreement official. You can also use it to talk about the contents: 'The important clauses are written in the 契約書' (重要な条項は契約書に記載されています - Juuyou na joukou wa keiyakusho ni kisai sarete imasu). This points to the specific information contained within the document.
In summary, 契約書 is used as a noun referring to the physical or digital document that formalizes an agreement. Its usage is prevalent in contexts requiring legal or formal commitment, from employment and business deals to property rentals and significant personal transactions. Pay attention to the particles and verbs used around it to understand its function in the sentence.
I need to sign this 契約書 by tomorrow.
- Sentence Structures
- [Subject] は [Object] を確認します ([Subject] wa [Object] o kakunin shimasu) - [Subject] checks the [Object]. e.g., 私は契約書を確認します。(Watashi wa keiyakusho o kakunin shimasu.)
- [Subject] は [Object] に署名します ([Subject] wa [Object] ni shomei shimasu) - [Subject] signs the [Object]. e.g., 彼は契約書に署名しました。(Kare wa keiyakusho ni shomei shimashita.)
- [Object] は [Location] にあります ([Object] wa [Location] ni arimasu) - The [Object] is in [Location]. e.g., 契約書は机の上にあります。(Keiyakusho wa tsukue no ue ni arimasu.)
You'll most commonly hear 契約書 (keiyakusho) in formal settings, particularly in business and legal environments. Imagine walking into a real estate office in Japan to buy an apartment; the agent will likely talk about the 売買契約書 (baibai keiyakusho) – the purchase agreement. Similarly, when starting a new job, the HR department will present you with a 雇用契約書 (koyou keiyakusho), the employment contract. These are situations where the word is used frequently and naturally.
In corporate boardrooms or during negotiations, discussions about finalizing a 契約書 are common. Lawyers and business professionals will refer to it when discussing terms, amendments, or the signing process. You might overhear conversations like, 'Is the 契約書 ready for review?' (契約書はレビューの準備ができていますか？ - Keiyakusho wa rebyuu no junbi ga dekite imasu ka?) or 'We need to add a clause to the 契約書' (契約書に条項を追加する必要があります - Keiyakusho ni joukou o tsuika suru hitsuyou ga arimasu).
Legal dramas or news reports about business deals might also feature this word. A news anchor might report on a major company merger, mentioning the signing of a significant 契約書. In a legal context, a lawyer might explain to a client, 'This 契約書 outlines your rights and responsibilities' (この契約書には、あなたの権利と責任が記載されています - Kono keiyakusho ni wa, anata no kenri to sekinin ga kisai sarete imasu).
Even in less frequent, but still formal, personal situations, you might hear it. For example, if you're lending a substantial sum of money to a friend or relative and decide to formalize it with a written agreement, you might refer to it as a loan 契約書 (貸付契約書 - kashitsuke keiyakusho). While less common in casual conversation, it signifies the seriousness of the agreement.
In summary, listen for 契約書 in places where agreements are being made official: real estate agencies, law offices, company HR departments, during business negotiations, and in news reports about formal transactions. It's a word that signals formality, commitment, and legal standing.
The lawyer explained the terms of the 契約書 to us.
- Common Scenarios
- Real Estate Transactions: Discussing purchase or rental agreements.
- Employment: Signing an employment contract.
- Business Deals: Finalizing partnership or service agreements.
- Legal Consultations: Lawyers explaining contract details.
One common mistake for learners is to confuse 契約書 (keiyakusho) with more general terms for 'agreement' or 'promise' that might not be written down. While 'agreement' (合意 - goui) is a broader concept, 契約書 specifically implies a formal, written document. Using 契約書 for a casual verbal promise would be incorrect.
Another potential pitfall is underestimating the seriousness of the word. Learners might treat 契約書 as just another document, forgetting that it often carries legal weight. This can lead to not paying enough attention when reading or signing one. For example, someone might skim through an employment 契約書, missing crucial details about working hours or benefits, which could cause problems later.
A less frequent but possible mistake is mispronouncing the word. While the reading けいやくしょ (keiyakusho) is standard, learners might struggle with the long vowels or the 'ku' sound. Incorrect pronunciation, especially in a formal setting, can sometimes cause confusion or be perceived as unprofessional.
Furthermore, learners might sometimes use the word 契約書 when a more specific term is appropriate. For instance, if they are talking about a simple bill or receipt, calling it a 契約書 would be inaccurate. 契約書 is reserved for documents that establish rights and obligations between parties based on mutual agreement.
Finally, learners might incorrectly assume that all written agreements are legally binding in the same way. While 契約書 implies legal enforceability, the specific legal status can depend on the content and jurisdiction. It's important to remember that not every written document is a formal, legally enforceable contract without proper legal standing.
Mistake: Using 契約書 for a simple verbal agreement.
- Common Errors
- Confusing with verbal agreements: 契約書 specifically means a written document.
- Underestimating seriousness: It often carries legal implications.
- Using for non-contractual documents: Not all written documents are 契約書.
- Incorrect pronunciation: Ensure correct pronunciation of けいやくしょ.
While 契約書 (keiyakusho) is the standard term for a formal written contract, several related words and phrases exist that might be used in similar contexts or convey slightly different nuances. Understanding these distinctions is key to precise communication.
合意 (goui): This is a more general term for 'agreement' or 'consent'. It can refer to a verbal agreement or a mutual understanding reached between parties, not necessarily a written document. If you've reached an understanding on a plan, you might say you have an 合意, even if no formal 契約書 is drawn up.
約束 (yakusoku): This means 'promise' or 'vow'. It's typically a personal commitment and doesn't necessarily involve formal documentation. While a 契約書 contains promises, not all promises require a 契約書.
覚書 (oboegaki): This translates to 'memorandum' or 'note'. It's often a less formal document than a 契約書, used to record a mutual understanding or preliminary agreement. It might outline key points that will later be elaborated in a full 契約書.
協定 (kyoutei): This means 'agreement', 'pact', or 'convention'. It often refers to agreements between organizations, countries, or groups, and can be formal but might not always be a single document in the same way as a 契約書. For example, an international trade協定.
条約 (jouyaku): This specifically refers to a 'treaty', which is a formal agreement between sovereign states. It's a highly formal type of agreement, distinct from a typical business 契約書.
When choosing a word, consider the formality and nature of the agreement. For a legally binding, detailed written document, 契約書 is the most appropriate term. For a simpler understanding or a less formal record, 合意 or 覚書 might be used. For personal commitments, 約束 is common. For international or large-scale agreements, 協定 or 条約 might apply.
We reached an 合意, but still need to draft the 契約書.
- Comparison Table
- 契約書 (Keiyakusho): Formal written contract, legally binding.
- 合意 (Goui): General agreement, can be verbal or written, not necessarily legally binding.
- 約束 (Yakusoku): Personal promise or vow, usually informal.
- 覚書 (Oboegaki): Memorandum, often a preliminary or less formal record of understanding.
- 協定 (Kyoutei): Agreement, pact, often between organizations or groups.
- 条約 (Jouyaku): Treaty, formal agreement between states.
How Formal Is It?
趣味小知识
In ancient times, contracts were sometimes sealed with clay impressions or marked by breaking a token in half, symbolizing the binding nature of the agreement. The kanji 契 (kei) itself can relate to the act of carving or inscribing, hinting at the physical act of making a record. The evolution of 契約書 reflects the increasing complexity of societal transactions and the need for formal, verifiable proof of agreements.
发音指南
- Pronouncing 'ya' as 'a' (けやくしょ instead of けいやくしょ).
- Not emphasizing the long vowel in 'ya' (けやkushyo instead of けいやくしょ).
- Mumbling the final 'sho' sound.
- Incorrect stress placement, placing it on 'ku' or 'sho'.
难度评级
Reading a 契約書 can be challenging due to its formal language, legal jargon, and detailed clauses. While the basic meaning of 契約書 itself is understandable at B1, comprehending the full document requires a higher level of proficiency and specific vocabulary.
Writing a 契約書 requires advanced knowledge of legal terminology, precise phrasing, and an understanding of legal structures. For learners, composing a meaningful 契約書 is a complex task.
Using the word 契約書 in spoken conversation is relatively straightforward, especially in contexts like discussing job offers or rental agreements. However, engaging in detailed discussions about contract terms requires more advanced vocabulary and fluency.
Listening to someone mention 契約書 is generally easy, especially in formal settings. Understanding the nuances of a conversation about contracts, however, can be more difficult depending on the complexity of the topic.
接下来学什么
前置知识
接下来学习
高级
需要掌握的语法
Using particles に (ni) and を (o) with verbs related to contracts.
契約書に署名する (sign on the contract document) vs. 契約書を確認する (check the contract document).
The use of 〜によれば / 〜によると (ni yoreba / ni yoru to - according to).
契約書によると、支払いは月末です。(Keiyakusho ni yoru to, shiharai wa getsumatsu desu.) - According to the contract document, payment is at the end of the month.
Conditional forms like 〜場合 (baai - in case) and 〜たら (tara - if/when).
契約書にサインした場合、取引は有効になります。(Keiyakusho ni sain shita baai, torihiki wa yuukou ni narimasu.) - In case you sign the contract document, the transaction becomes valid.
Passive voice for actions done to the contract, like 作成される (sakusei sareru - to be created).
新しい契約書が作成されます。(Atarashii keiyakusho ga sakusei saremasu.) - A new contract document will be created.
Using 〜べき (beki - should/ought to) when discussing responsibilities related to contracts.
契約書の内容は理解するべきです。(Keiyakusho no naiyou wa rikai suru beki desu.) - You should understand the contents of the contract document.
按水平分级的例句
This is a paper.
This paper is important.
Focus on basic nouns and demonstratives.
I have a promise.
I have a promise with my friend.
Introduce the concept of 'promise'.
This is a document.
This document is for the company.
Introduce the word 'document'.
We agree.
We agree on this plan.
Basic verb for agreement.
Sign here.
Please sign here on the paper.
Introduce the action of signing.
This is a formal paper.
This formal paper is for work.
Introduce the concept of 'formal'.
Read this.
Read this paper carefully.
Basic imperative verb.
It's a written thing.
It's a written thing between us.
Focus on 'written'.
I need to sign this 契約書 by tomorrow.
I must sign this contract document by the end of the day tomorrow.
Using 契約書 as the object of the verb 'sign' (署名する - shomei suru).
The 契約書 details the terms of our agreement.
The contract document specifies the conditions of our understanding.
Using 契約書 as the subject, followed by a verb describing its content.
Please review the attached 契約書 carefully.
Kindly examine the contract document that is attached, paying close attention to the details.
Using 契約書 as the object of 'review' (確認する - kakunin suru).
We received the employment 契約書 today.
We were given the job contract document today.
Using a specific type of contract (雇用契約書 - koyou keiyakusho) as the object.
The rental 契約書 was quite long.
The lease agreement document was rather lengthy.
Describing the 契約書 with an adjective (long - 長い - nagai).
Both parties signed the 契約書 with a pen.
Representatives from both sides put their signatures on the contract document using a pen.
Using 契約書 as the object of 'sign' (署名する - shomei suru) with the particle に (ni).
Important clauses are written in the 契約書.
The significant terms and conditions are recorded within the contract document.
Using 契約書 to indicate location ('in' - に - ni).
The lawyer explained the terms of the 契約書.
The legal professional clarified the conditions stipulated in the contract document.
Using 契約書 to indicate the subject matter of explanation.
Before signing the merger 契約書, we must conduct thorough due diligence.
Prior to executing the contract document for the business merger, it is imperative that we perform comprehensive investigations into the company's affairs.
Using 契約書 in a more complex sentence with subordinate clauses and formal vocabulary.
The 契約書 stipulates that all disputes shall be resolved through arbitration.
The contract document mandates that any disagreements will be settled via a formal arbitration process.
Using 契約書 as the subject and discussing its specific legal stipulations.
We are seeking legal counsel to draft a new 契約書 for our international partnership.
We are consulting with legal experts to create a revised contract document for our collaboration with a foreign company.
Using 契約書 in the context of legal drafting and international business.
Failure to adhere to the terms outlined in the 契約書 could result in significant penalties.
Not following the conditions specified in the contract document may lead to substantial fines or punishments.
Discussing the consequences of breaching the 契約書.
The 契約書 includes a confidentiality clause to protect proprietary information.
The contract document contains a provision that ensures the secrecy of sensitive company data.
Identifying specific clauses within the 契約書.
It is crucial to understand the implications of every article within the 契約書.
It is of utmost importance to comprehend the effects and meanings of each section contained in the contract document.
Emphasizing the importance of understanding the details of the 契約書.
The duration of the contract is clearly defined in the 契約書.
The length of time the agreement is valid for is explicitly stated within the contract document.
Referring to specific elements like duration within the 契約書.
We will proceed with the project once the 契約書 is mutually agreed upon and signed.
We will commence the project after the contract document has received joint approval and signatures from all parties involved.
Using 契約書 in a conditional sentence related to project commencement.
The nuances of the 契約書, particularly regarding intellectual property rights, require careful legal interpretation.
The subtle distinctions within the contract document, specifically concerning ownership of creations, necessitate meticulous examination by legal professionals.
Discussing the intricate details and interpretation of a 契約書.
Renegotiating the terms of the existing 契約書 proved challenging due to entrenched positions.
Revising the conditions of the current contract document presented difficulties because of the firm stances taken by the involved parties.
Using 契約書 in the context of complex negotiations and challenges.
The enforceability of the 契約書 hinges on its compliance with prevailing statutory regulations.
The capacity of the contract document to be legally upheld depends on its adherence to the current legislative rules and statutes.
Analyzing the legal basis and compliance of a 契約書.
We must ensure that the 契約書 accurately reflects our mutual understanding and avoids any ambiguity.
It is imperative that the contract document precisely mirrors our shared comprehension and precludes any lack of clarity.
Emphasizing clarity and accuracy in the drafting of a 契約書.
The termination clause in the 契約書 outlines the procedural prerequisites for dissolving the agreement.
The section of the contract document that details the ending of the agreement specifies the necessary steps that must be followed for its dissolution.
Discussing specific clauses like termination and their procedural aspects within a 契約書.
Incorporating a force majeure clause into the 契約書 is prudent given the current global uncertainties.
Adding a provision to the contract document that addresses unforeseen circumstances beyond anyone's control is wise considering the present global instability.
Strategic consideration of clauses within a 契約書.
The arbitration award rendered pursuant to the 契約書 is binding on all parties.
The decision made by arbitrators, as stipulated by the contract document, is obligatory for everyone involved.
Referring to outcomes and binding decisions related to a 契約書.
A comprehensive review of the 契約書's antecedent negotiations is essential for a complete understanding.
A thorough examination of the discussions and agreements that preceded the drafting of the contract document is vital for a full grasp of its context.
Connecting the 契約書 to its preceding negotiation history.
The jurisprudence surrounding the interpretation of ambiguous clauses within a 契約書 is complex and ever-evolving.
The body of legal precedents and scholarly opinions concerning how unclear stipulations in a contract document are understood is intricate and continually changing.
Discussing the legal scholarship and precedent related to 契約書 interpretation.
The doctrine of 'pacta sunt servanda' underscores the fundamental principle that 契約書, once validly concluded, must be honored.
The legal principle stating that agreements must be kept emphasizes the core tenet that contract documents, once legitimately finalized, are obligatory.
Connecting 契約書 to fundamental legal doctrines.
The drafting of a robust 契約書 requires foresight into potential contingencies and a mastery of legal terminology.
The creation of a strong and resilient contract document necessitates anticipating possible future events and possessing a profound understanding of legal language.
Highlighting the advanced skills required for drafting a 契約書.
Disputes arising from the 契約書 often necessitate recourse to international arbitration forums.
Conflicts emerging from the contract document frequently require the utilization of international platforms for dispute resolution.
Discussing the resolution of disputes related to 契約書 in international contexts.
The equitable execution of a 契約書 mandates that parties act in good faith throughout the contractual relationship.
The fair and just implementation of a contract document requires that all involved parties conduct themselves with honesty and sincerity during the entire duration of their agreement.
Emphasizing ethical conduct in relation to a 契約書.
The historical evolution of the 契約書 reflects societal shifts in notions of obligation and trust.
The progression over time of the contract document mirrors changes in societal views regarding commitments and reliability.
Examining the historical and societal context of the 契約書.
A substantive amendment to the 契約書 requires the explicit consent of all signatories.
A significant alteration to the contract document necessitates the clear and unequivocal approval of every individual who has signed it.
Discussing the process of amending a 契約書 at a high level.
The enforceability of a 契約書 may be challenged on grounds of duress or misrepresentation.
The legal validity of a contract document can be questioned if it can be proven that it was signed under coercion or due to false information.
Exploring legal grounds for challenging the validity of a 契約書.
常见搭配
常用短语
— Please check the contents of the contract document.
契約書の内容を確認してください。不明な点があれば質問してください。(Keiyakusho no naiyou o kakunin shite kudasai. Fumei na ten ga areba shitsumon shite kudasai.) - Please check the contents of the contract document. If there are any unclear points, please ask.
— It is necessary to sign the contract document.
この取引を完了するためには、契約書に署名する必要があります。(Kono torihiki o kanryou suru tame ni wa, keiyakusho ni shomei suru hitsuyou ga arimasu.) - To complete this transaction, it is necessary to sign the contract document.
— We will create a contract document.
ご要望に応じて、専門家が契約書を作成します。(Goyoubou ni oujite, senmonka ga keiyakusho o sakusei shimasu.) - According to your request, an expert will create a contract document.
— Please present the contract document.
確認のため、契約書を提示してください。(Kakunin no tame, keiyakusho o teiji shite kudasai.) - Please present the contract document for confirmation.
— To discuss the clauses of the contract document.
契約書の条項について話し合うために、会議を開きます。(Keiyakusho no joukou ni tsuite hanashiau tame ni, kaigi o hirakimasu.) - We will hold a meeting to discuss the clauses of the contract document.
— Is this a valid contract document?
この書類は有効な契約書ですか？法的な効力がありますか？(Kono shorui wa yuukou na keiyakusho desu ka? Hōteki na kōryoku ga arimasu ka?) - Is this document a valid contract document? Does it have legal effect?
— If there is no contract document, the agreement is invalid.
契約書がなければ、合意は無効です。必ず書面で残してください。(Keiyakusho ga nakereba, goui wa mukou desu. Kanarazu shomen de nokoshite kudasai.) - If there is no contract document, the agreement is invalid. Please be sure to leave it in writing.
— Please give me a copy of the contract document.
後で確認したいので、契約書のコピーをください。(Ato de kakunin shitai node, keiyakusho no kopii o kudasai.) - I want to check it later, so please give me a copy of the contract document.
— We exchanged contract documents.
両社は正式に契約書を交わしました。(Ryousha wa seishiki ni keiyakusho o kawashimashita.) - Both companies formally exchanged contract documents.
— Creating a contract document takes time.
契約書の作成には時間がかかりますので、余裕をもってご依頼ください。(Keiyakusho no sakusei ni wa jikan ga kakarimasu node, yoyuu o motte goirai kudasai.) - Creating a contract document takes time, so please make your request with plenty of time.
容易混淆的词
約束 means 'promise'. While a 契約書 contains many promises, 約束 is a more general term and doesn't necessarily imply a written, legally binding document. You can make a 'yakusoku' without a 'keiyakusho'.
合意 means 'agreement' or 'consent'. It can be verbal or written. A 契約書 is a specific type of formal, written 合意 that is legally enforceable. You can have a 合意 without a 契約書, but a 契約書 is always a form of 合意.
覚書 is a 'memorandum' or 'note'. It's often a preliminary document outlining understandings before a full 契約書 is drafted. While it records an agreement, it might not carry the same legal weight or detail as a 契約書.
习语与表达
— To sign a blank contract document; to trust someone completely without knowing the details.
彼の言葉を信じて白紙の契約書にサインするのは危険だ。(Kare no kotoba o shinjite hakushi no keiyakusho ni sain suru no wa kiken da.) - It is dangerous to trust his words and sign a blank contract document.
Informal/Figurative— To glance over a contract document; to read through it briefly without deep analysis.
忙しかったので、契約書に目を通す程度しかできなかった。(Isogashikatta node, keiyakusho ni me o toosu teido shika dekinakatta.) - Because I was busy, I could only glance over the contract document.
Neutral— To use a contract document as a shield; to rely strictly on the contract terms to justify one's actions, often in a rigid or uncooperative manner.
彼はいつも契約書を盾にして、融通が利かない。(Kare wa itsumo keiyakusho o tate ni shite, yuuzuu ga kikanai.) - He always uses the contract document as a shield and is inflexible.
Informal/Figurative— Something not included in the contract document; an unwritten rule or expectation.
契約書にないことでも、暗黙の了解で対応することがある。(Keiyakusho ni nai koto demo, anmoku no ryoukai de taiou suru koto ga aru.) - Even things not in the contract document are sometimes handled based on tacit understanding.
Neutral— To hold onto a contract document tightly; to be overly reliant on the contract or to use it as leverage.
彼は契約書を握りしめて、自分の権利を主張した。(Kare wa keiyakusho o nigirishimete, jibun no kenri o shuchou shita.) - He held onto the contract document tightly and asserted his rights.
Figurative— To make a contract dispute turn into a messy, prolonged legal battle.
些細なことで契約書を泥沼化させるのは避けるべきだ。(Sasai na koto de keiyakusho o doronuma kasaseru no wa sakeru beki da.) - One should avoid turning a contract into a messy dispute over trivial matters.
Figurative— To use a contract document as a basis or justification for something.
彼の要求は、契約書を根拠にしている。(Kare no youkyuu wa, keiyakusho o konkyo ni shite iru.) - His demands are based on the contract document.
Neutral— To nullify or render a contract document void; to break the terms of a contract.
約束を破ることは、契約書を反故にすることと同じだ。(Yakusoku o yaburu koto wa, keiyakusho o hogo ni suru koto to onaji da.) - Breaking a promise is the same as nullifying a contract document.
Formal/Figurative— To sign a contract document (literally); the act of putting one's signature on the agreement.
最終確認の後、契約書にサインしました。(Saishuu kakunin no ato, keiyakusho ni sain shimashita.) - After final confirmation, I signed the contract document.
Literal— To ignore a contract document; to disregard its terms.
契約書を無視して行動することは、大きなリスクを伴う。(Keiyakusho o mushi shite koudou suru koto wa, ookina risuku o tomonau.) - Acting in disregard of the contract document carries significant risk.
Neutral容易混淆
契約 is the general term for 'contract' or 'agreement', and 契約書 is specifically the 'written document' of that contract.
契約 refers to the agreement itself, which could potentially be verbal although often implies written. 契約書 specifically denotes the physical or digital document that formalizes this agreement. You can have a 契約 without a 契約書 (e.g., a verbal agreement), but a 契約書 always represents a 契約.
この契約は有効ですか？ (Kono keiyaku wa yuukou desu ka? - Is this contract valid?) vs. この契約書は有効ですか？ (Kono keiyakusho wa yuukou desu ka? - Is this contract document valid?)
書面 means 'written document', which is a component of 契約書.
書面 is a broad term for anything written down. 契約書 is a specific type of 書面 that outlines the terms of a formal agreement and is often legally binding. For example, a letter is a 書面, but not necessarily a 契約書.
書面で回答してください。(Shomen de kaitou shite kudasai.) - Please reply in writing. vs. 契約書の内容を確認してください。(Keiyakusho no naiyou o kakunin shite kudasai.) - Please check the contents of the contract document.
証文 is an older term for a written deed or document, similar in function to 契約書.
証文 is largely an archaic term, primarily used in historical contexts or for very old documents. In modern Japanese, 契約書 is the standard and current term for a formal contract document.
古い証文が見つかった。(Furui shoumon ga mitsukatta.) - An old deed was found. vs. 新しい契約書を作成しました。(Atarashii keiyakusho o sakusei shimashita.) - We created a new contract document.
Both refer to agreements.
協定 often refers to agreements between larger entities like organizations, countries, or groups, and might be more about pacts or conventions. 契約書 typically refers to a contract between individuals or businesses, detailing specific terms and obligations for a transaction or service.
両国間で新たな協定が結ばれた。(Ryōkoku kan de aratana kyōtei ga musubareta.) - A new pact was concluded between the two countries. vs. 賃貸契約書にサインした。(Chintai keiyakusho ni sain shita.) - I signed the rental contract document.
Both involve commitments.
約束 is a general 'promise', which can be verbal and informal. 契約書 is a formal, written 'contract document' that outlines legally binding terms and obligations. A 契約書 contains many promises, but not all promises require a 契約書.
友達との約束を守る。(Tomodachi to no yakusoku o mamoru.) - Keep a promise with a friend. vs. 契約書の内容を守る。(Keiyakusho no naiyou o mamoru.) - Adhere to the contents of the contract document.
句型
契約書 + を + 確認します。
契約書を確認します。
契約書 + に + 署名します。
契約書に署名します。
〜の契約書 (~ no keiyakusho)
賃貸契約書の内容は？
契約書 + は + 長いです。
この契約書は長いです。
契約書 + によると、...
契約書によると、支払いは来月です。
契約書 + に基づいて、...
契約書に基づいて進めます。
契約書 + の条項 + について...
契約書の条項について話し合いました。
契約書 + を + 交わす。
両社は契約書を交わしました。
词族
名词
动词
形容词
相关
如何使用
Common in formal and business contexts.
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Confusing 契約書 with a verbal promise.
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A 契約書 is specifically a written document.
Learners might use 契約書 to refer to any agreement, including verbal ones. However, 契約書 strictly means a written contract document. For verbal agreements, terms like 'yakusoku' (promise) or 'gou'i (agreement) are more appropriate.
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Underestimating the importance of reading the entire document.
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Always read the entire 契約書 carefully before signing.
It's tempting to skim through lengthy documents, but critical details about obligations, payments, and termination can be hidden in the fine print. Missing these can lead to significant problems later.
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Using 契約書 for everyday written notes.
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契約書 refers to formal, often legally binding, agreements.
A simple note or memo is not a 契約書. 契約書 implies a formal structure and intent to create legal obligations between parties.
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Incorrectly applying particles with verbs.
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Use に for signing on (署名する) and を for actions like checking or creating (確認する, 作成する).
For instance, one signs <strong>on</strong> the document (契約書<strong>に</strong>署名する), but checks <strong>the</strong> document (契約書<strong>を</strong>確認する). Incorrect particle usage can lead to grammatical errors.
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Assuming all written agreements are identical.
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Different types of 契約書 exist (e.g., employment, rental, sales) with specific terms.
Learners might treat all contracts as the same. It's important to recognize that the content and purpose of a 契約書 vary greatly depending on the context, such as employment terms versus property rental conditions.
小贴士
Read Carefully
Always read the entire 契約書 thoroughly before signing. Pay close attention to clauses regarding payment, duration, termination, and dispute resolution. If anything is unclear, ask for clarification.
Use Specific Terms
When discussing contracts, use precise terms like 雇用契約書 for employment contracts or 賃貸契約書 for rental agreements to avoid ambiguity.
Be Formal
When discussing 契約書 in formal settings, maintain a respectful and professional tone. Use polite language and avoid slang.
Identify Context
When you hear 契約書, try to discern the context by listening to the words around it. This will help you understand the specific type of agreement being discussed.
Visualize Key Elements
Associate 契約書 with images of official documents, pens, and signatures to aid in recall. Think of it as the 'paper that seals the deal'.
Master Particles
Pay attention to the particles used with verbs related to contracts. For example, you 'sign on' (に) a contract but 'check the' (を) contract.
Respect Formalities
In Japan, formal agreements are taken seriously. Understand that signing a 契約書 is a significant commitment, reflecting the cultural value placed on reliability and clear obligations.
Practice Sentence Building
Create your own sentences using 契約書 in various contexts, such as discussing a job offer, renting an apartment, or making a business deal. This reinforces your understanding and usage.
Learn Related Terms
Expand your vocabulary by learning related terms like 条項 (clause), 義務 (obligation), and 権利 (right), which are essential for understanding the details within a 契約書.
Seek Professional Advice
For important contracts, never hesitate to seek advice from a legal professional. Understanding the full implications of a 契約書 is crucial.
记住它
记忆技巧
Imagine a 'key' (けい - kei) that unlocks a 'year' (や - ya) of commitment, written down in a 'book' (しょ - sho) that is officially stamped. The 'contract document' (契約書) is the key to your future obligations.
视觉联想
Picture a formal document with a large, ornate key embossed on it. The key is breaking a seal, signifying the start of a binding agreement. The document itself is thick and official-looking, perhaps with seals and signatures.
Word Web
挑战
Try to explain to a friend what a 契約書 is, using the mnemonic or visual association. Then, try to create three sentences using 契約書 in different contexts, like buying a car, renting a room, or starting a small business.
词源
The word 契約書 is a compound word formed from two kanji characters. 契約 (keiyaku) itself means 'contract' or 'agreement', and 書 (sho) means 'document' or 'writing'. The combination directly translates to 'contract document'. The term has roots in classical Chinese, where similar compounds were used to denote written agreements.
原始含义： The 'keiyaku' part comes from 契 (kei), meaning 'to cut' or 'to enter into (an agreement)', and 約 (yaku), meaning 'promise' or 'agreement'. The 'sho' part comes from 書 (sho), meaning 'to write' or 'document'. Together, they signify a written record of a promised agreement.
Sino-Japanese (derived from Chinese characters)文化背景
When discussing or dealing with 契約書, it is important to maintain a formal and respectful tone. Avoid making light of the document or its implications. Ensure that all parties involved fully understand the terms before signing. If you are unsure about any part of a 契約書, it is always advisable to seek professional legal advice.
In English-speaking cultures, the term 'contract' is used similarly, referring to a legally binding written agreement. The emphasis on individual rights and legal recourse is also strong. While politeness and trust are valued, the legal framework provided by contracts is essential for commerce and personal dealings.
在生活中练习
真实语境
Employment
- 雇用契約書 (koyou keiyakusho)
- サインする (sain suru - to sign)
- 労働条件 (roudou jouken - working conditions)
- 給与 (kyuuyo - salary)
Real Estate Rental
- 賃貸契約書 (chintai keiyakusho)
- 家賃 (yachin - rent)
- 敷金 (shikikin - security deposit)
- 更新 (koushin - renewal)
Business Transaction
- 売買契約書 (baibai keiyakusho)
- 取引条件 (torihiki jouken - transaction terms)
- 納期 (nouki - delivery date)
- 支払い条件 (shiharai jouken - payment terms)
Legal Consultation
- 弁護士 (bengoshi - lawyer)
- 条項 (joukou - clause)
- 法的効力 (houteki kouryoku - legal effect)
- 紛争 (funsou - dispute)
Service Agreement
- 業務委託契約書 (gyoumu itaku keiyakusho)
- サービス内容 (saabisu naiyou - service details)
- 報酬 (houshuu - remuneration)
- 秘密保持 (himitsu hoji - confidentiality)
对话开场白
"Have you ever had to sign a 契約書 for a new job?"
"What are the most important things to check in a rental 契約書?"
"Do you think verbal agreements are enough, or is a 契約書 always necessary?"
"What kind of situations require a formal 契約書 in Japan?"
"If you were to start a business, what would be the first type of 契約書 you'd need?"
日记主题
Describe a time you had to sign a 契約書. What were the key points you focused on?
Imagine you are explaining the concept of a 契約書 to someone who has never heard of it. How would you describe its purpose and importance?
Reflect on the difference between a casual promise and a formal 契約書. When is each appropriate?
Think about a hypothetical situation where a 契約書 could prevent a misunderstanding. Write a short scenario.
What are your thoughts on the legal implications of signing a 契約書? How important is it to understand every detail?
常见问题
10 个问题契約 (keiyaku) refers to the contract or agreement itself, the mutual understanding and commitment between parties. 契約書 (keiyakusho) specifically refers to the written document that formalizes this agreement. You can have a 契約 (agreement) that is verbal, but a 契約書 is always a written record of that agreement, making it more concrete and legally enforceable.
Generally, yes. A 契約書 is intended to be a legally binding document that outlines the rights and obligations of the parties involved. However, its enforceability can depend on factors such as proper formation, clear terms, and compliance with relevant laws. It's always advisable to have a legal professional review important contracts.
Common types include 雇用契約書 (koyou keiyakusho - employment contract), 賃貸契約書 (chintai keiyakusho - rental contract), 売買契約書 (baibai keiyakusho - purchase contract), and 業務委託契約書 (gyoumu itaku keiyakusho - service contract). The specific type depends on the nature of the agreement.
For simple agreements, you might be able to use templates or draft it yourself. However, for complex or high-value transactions, it is highly recommended to consult a lawyer. They can ensure the contract is legally sound, protects your interests, and clearly defines all terms.
It is crucial not to sign a document you do not fully understand. Take your time to read it carefully, ask questions of the other party, and if necessary, seek clarification from a legal professional or a trusted advisor before signing.
In some cases, verbal agreements can be legally binding, but they are much harder to prove and enforce than written contracts (契約書). Disputes often arise due to misunderstandings or differing recollections of the terms. A 契約書 provides clear, documented evidence of the agreement.
A signature on a 契約書 signifies your agreement to and acceptance of the terms and conditions outlined in the document. It is a formal indication that you are bound by the contract.
The retention period for a 契約書 can vary depending on the type of contract and legal requirements. Generally, it's advisable to keep important contracts for several years after the agreement has concluded, or as long as legally required, to serve as a record in case of future disputes or audits.
A 契約書 is a formal, often legally binding contract. A 覚書 (oboegaki) is a memorandum or note, which typically records a mutual understanding or preliminary agreement. While it documents an agreement, it may not have the same level of legal detail or enforceability as a full 契約書.
Yes, a 契約書 can be amended, but typically requires a formal process. This usually involves creating a supplementary document (often called a 追記契約書 - tsuiki keiyakusho or 変更契約書 - henkou keiyakusho) that details the changes, and this amendment must be agreed upon and signed by all parties involved.
自我测试 10 个问题
/ 10 correct
Perfect score!
Read Carefully
Always read the entire 契約書 thoroughly before signing. Pay close attention to clauses regarding payment, duration, termination, and dispute resolution. If anything is unclear, ask for clarification.
Use Specific Terms
When discussing contracts, use precise terms like 雇用契約書 for employment contracts or 賃貸契約書 for rental agreements to avoid ambiguity.
Be Formal
When discussing 契約書 in formal settings, maintain a respectful and professional tone. Use polite language and avoid slang.
Identify Context
When you hear 契約書, try to discern the context by listening to the words around it. This will help you understand the specific type of agreement being discussed.
例句
契約書にサインする前に内容を確認してください。
相关内容
相关表达
更多business词汇
遅めに
B1稍微晚一点，或者比平时晚一点。
経理
B1会计是指管理公司财务记录和资金流动的业务。
的確な
B1对形势的准确把握和判断。
達成する
B1达成目标或完成预定任务。指经过努力后取得成功。
活性化
B2使事物变得活跃。常用于经济、地区发展或生物细胞的激活。
付加
B2在现有的基础上添加额外的东西，以增加其价值或功能。'在合同中附加了一项条款。'
優位性
B2优位性（優位性）意味着拥有优势或比他人处于更有利的位置。一家公司可以凭借创新技术获得竞争优势（優位性）。运动员则追求身体上的优势（優位性）以赢得比赛。
有利
A2意味着处于有利或优越的地位。
有利に
B1有利地；有益地。
宣伝する
B1宣传或推广某种商品、服务或理念，以吸引公众注意。
