本来 30秒了解
- Honrai means originally, primarily, or by nature.
- It points to the true or original state of something.
- Often used to contrast with the current situation.
- Essential for understanding inherent qualities and intentions.
- Core Meaning
- Refers to the original state, true nature, or fundamental purpose of something.
- Usage Contexts
- Contrasting current state with original state, discussing inherent qualities, intended purpose, or initial plans.
- Nuance
- Highlights what is essential, natural, or intended, often implying a deviation from this ideal or original state.
この問題は、本来であればもっと簡単に解決できるはずだった。
猫は本来、単独で行動する動物です。
本来の目的を忘れてはいけない。
- Modifying Nouns Directly
- When 本来 directly modifies a noun, it emphasizes the inherent or original quality of that noun. For example, 本来の自分 (honrai no jibun) means 'one's true self' or 'original self.' 本来の目的 (honrai no mokuteki) means 'original purpose.' This structure is straightforward and common.
- As an Adverb at the Beginning of a Sentence
- Placing 本来 at the start of a sentence often sets the stage, indicating that what follows is the original state or intention, possibly in contrast to the current situation. For instance, 本来、この仕事はもっと早く終わるはずでした。(Honrai, kono shigoto wa motto hayaku owaru hazu deshita.) - Originally, this work was supposed to finish faster. This usage highlights a deviation from the intended timeline.
- Expressing 'By Nature' or 'Inherently'
- This usage is similar to the adverbial placement but emphasizes the innate characteristic of a subject. For example, 子供は本来、好奇心旺盛な生き物だ。(Kodomo wa honrai, kōkishin ōsei na ikimono da.) - Children are inherently curious beings. It describes a fundamental trait.
- Contrasting with Current Reality
- A very common use is to point out how things are now versus how they were supposed to be or fundamentally are. 「このソフトウェアは本来、使いやすいはずなのに、なぜか複雑になっている。」(Kono sofutowea wa honrai, tsukaiyasui hazu na no ni, nazeka fukuzatsu ni natte iru.) - This software should originally be easy to use, but for some reason, it has become complicated. This highlights a discrepancy.
- Referring to Original Intentions or Plans
- In discussions about projects, policies, or even personal decisions, 本来 can refer to the initial agreement or goal. 「会議で決まった本来の計画に戻りましょう。」(Kaigi de kimatta honrai no keikaku ni modorimashō.) - Let's return to the original plan decided in the meeting. This calls for a return to the initial framework.
本来の自分を取り戻したい。
本来、人間は社会的な生き物です。
- Everyday Conversations
- In casual chats, people use 本来 to express opinions about how things should be or were meant to be. For example, discussing a friend's personality: 「彼は本当は優しい人なんだけど、最近ちょっと忙しくて余裕がないんだ。本来の彼はもっと穏やかなんだよ。」(Kare wa hontō wa yasashii hito nan da kedo, saikin chotto isogashikute yoyū ga nai n da. Honrai no kare wa motto odayaka nan da yo.) - He's actually a kind person, but he's a bit busy and doesn't have much leeway lately. The real him is more gentle. This highlights a temporary state versus the true nature.
- News and Documentaries
- When reporting on social issues, historical events, or scientific topics, 本来 is used to refer to the original state of affairs, the intended purpose of a law, or the natural behavior of organisms. For instance, a documentary about environmental issues might state: 「この地域は本来、豊かな自然に恵まれていた。」(Kono chiiki wa honrai, yutaka na shizen ni megumawarete ita.) - This region was originally blessed with abundant nature. This sets a baseline for discussing environmental degradation.
- Business and Work
- In meetings or project discussions, 本来 is crucial for aligning on original goals or intended functionalities. 「我々の本来の目的は、顧客満足度を高めることだったはずだ。」(Wareware no honrai no mokuteki wa, kokyaku manzokudo o takameru koto datta hazu da.) - Our original objective was supposed to be to increase customer satisfaction. This is often used to steer a project back on course.
- Academic and Philosophical Discussions
- In more formal settings, 本来 is used to discuss essential nature, fundamental principles, or the original meaning of concepts. 「人間の権利は、本来、侵されるべきではない。」(Ningen no kenri wa, honrai, okasarebeki de wa nai.) - Human rights should fundamentally not be violated. This speaks to the inherent and inviolable nature of rights.
- Literature and Media
- Authors and scriptwriters use 本来 to add depth, create contrast, or reveal character. A character might reflect: 「この国は、本来平和であるべきなのに。」(Kono kuni wa, honrai heiwa de aru beki na no ni.) - This country should fundamentally be peaceful, but... This sets up a narrative of conflict or a lament for lost peace.
本来の姿に戻る。
本来、人間は平等であるべきだ。
- Confusing with 本当 (hontō - really, truth)
- Mistake: Using 本来 when you mean 'really' or 'truly' in the sense of actual fact. Example: 「本来、私はこの件について知りませんでした。」 (Honrai, watashi wa kono ken ni tsuite shirimasen deshita.) - This sounds like 'Fundamentally, I didn't know about this matter,' which is awkward. Correct Usage: 「本当に、私はこの件について知りませんでした。」 (Hontō ni, watashi wa kono ken ni tsuite shirimasen deshita.) - Truly, I didn't know about this matter. 本来 refers to an original or fundamental state, not necessarily the absolute truth of a statement about the past.
- Overusing it for simple past tense
- Mistake: Thinking 本来 can simply replace past tense markers. Example: 「彼女は本来、日本に住んでいました。」 (Kanojo wa honrai, Nihon ni sunde imashita.) - This implies 'Originally, she lived in Japan,' perhaps suggesting she no longer does or that her current residence is different from her original one. If you just mean she lived there in the past, a simple past tense is sufficient. Correct Usage (if emphasizing original state): 「彼女は本来、日本に住む予定でしたが、事情が変わりました。」 (Kanojo wa honrai, Nihon ni sumu yotei deshita ga, jijō ga kawarimashita.) - Originally, she was supposed to live in Japan, but circumstances changed. 本来 adds a layer of meaning beyond just indicating the past.
- Applying it to fleeting emotions or temporary states
- Mistake: Using 本来 to describe something that is inherently temporary and not a fundamental characteristic. Example: 「彼は本来、怒っていません。」 (Kare wa honrai, okotte imasen.) - This suggests that anger is not his fundamental state, which is fine, but if he's just temporarily upset, other words might be better. A more typical use would be to contrast a temporary state with a fundamental one: 「彼は怒っているように見えるが、本来は穏やかな人だ。」 (Kare wa okotte iru yō ni mieru ga, honrai wa odayaka na hito da.) - He looks angry, but he is fundamentally a calm person. 本来 implies a more stable, inherent quality.
- Incorrect particle usage
- Mistake: Forgetting the particle の (no) when 本来 modifies a noun directly. Example: 「本来目的を達成できなかった。」 (Honrai mokuteki o tassei dekinakatta.) - This is grammatically awkward. Correct Usage: 「本来の目的を達成できなかった。」 (Honrai no mokuteki o tassei dekinakatta.) - We couldn't achieve the original purpose. When 本来 directly precedes a noun, the particle の is usually required to link them.
- Assuming it always implies negativity or a problem
- While 本来 is often used to point out a deviation from the ideal, it doesn't inherently carry a negative connotation. It can simply be a neutral statement about an original state. Example: 「この材料は本来、丈夫なものです。」 (Kono zairyō wa honrai, jōbu na mono desu.) - This material is fundamentally strong. This is a factual statement about its inherent quality, not necessarily implying it's currently weak.
本来、それは良い考えだった。
彼は本当によく働く人だ。
- 本来 (honrai) vs. 本来の (honrai no)
- 本来 can function as an adverb (e.g., 本来、〜すべきだ - Honrai, ~subeki da - Fundamentally, one should ~) or as part of a noun phrase when followed by の (e.g., 本来の目的 - honrai no mokuteki - original purpose). The latter is more common when directly modifying a noun.
- 本来 (honrai) vs. 元々 (motomoto - originally, from the start)
- 元々 is very similar to 本来 and often interchangeable when referring to the initial state or origin of something. However, 元々 can sometimes lean more towards 'from the very beginning' or 'even from childhood/birth,' emphasizing a temporal origin. 本来 can also refer to inherent nature or fundamental principles that might not be strictly temporal.
Example Comparison:
「この技術は元々、軍事用に開発された。」(Kono gijutsu wa motomoto, gunji-yō ni kaihatsu sareta.) - This technology was originally developed for military use. (Focus on the initial development time.)
「この技術は本来、人々の生活を豊かにするためにあるべきだ。」(Kono gijutsu wa honrai, hitobito no seikatsu o yutaka ni suru tame ni aru beki da.) - This technology should fundamentally be for enriching people's lives. (Focus on the intended purpose/ideal state.) - 本来 (honrai) vs. 元来 (genrai - by nature, inherently)
- 元来 is perhaps the closest synonym to 本来 when referring to inherent nature or characteristics. Both emphasize something being true by nature or by fundamental constitution. 元来 might sound slightly more formal or literary than 本来 in some contexts.
Example Comparison:
「人間は元来、社会的な生き物である。」(Ningen wa genrai, shakaiteki na ikimono de aru.) - Humans are inherently social creatures.
「子供は本来、好奇心旺盛だ。」(Kodomo wa honrai, kōkishin ōsei da.) - Children are by nature very curious. - 本来 (honrai) vs. 元 (moto - origin, base)
- 元 is a more general term for 'origin' or 'base.' It's often used in compound words (e.g., 元通り - motodōri - back to the original state) or to refer to the source of something. 本来 is more about the *state* or *nature* of that origin, rather than just the origin itself.
Example Comparison:
「元の場所に戻ってください。」(Moto no basho ni modotte kudasai.) - Please return to the original place. (Focus on location.)
「本来の場所に戻るべきだ。」(Honrai no basho ni modoru beki da.) - It should return to its fundamental place/purpose. (Focus on the intended or natural position.) - 本来 (honrai) vs. 当初 (tōsho - at first, in the beginning)
- 当初 specifically refers to the initial stage or beginning of a period, project, or event. It's more temporal than 本来, which can refer to inherent nature.
Example Comparison:
「当初の計画では、もっと早く完了するはずでした。」(Tōsho no keikaku de wa, motto hayaku kanryō suru hazu deshita.) - According to the plan at first, it was supposed to be completed sooner. (Focus on the initial plan.)
「この計画は、本来、社会貢献を目的としていました。」(Kono keikaku wa, honrai, shakai kōken o mokuteki to shite imashita.) - This plan was fundamentally intended for social contribution. (Focus on the inherent purpose.)
元々、この地域は静かでした。
人間は元来、争いを好まない。
How Formal Is It?
趣味小知识
The kanji 来 (rai) itself has an interesting origin, depicting a stalk of wheat or grain, symbolizing growth and origin. This connection to 'growth from the start' further reinforces the concept of 'originality' embedded in 本来.
发音指南
- Pronouncing 'r' too strongly like in English 'road'.
- Confusing the vowel sounds.
- Incorrect stress placement.
难度评级
Understanding 本来 requires grasping the context to differentiate between 'originally,' 'fundamentally,' and 'by nature.' It often implies a contrast, which adds a layer of complexity. Recognizing the nuance is key to accurate comprehension.
Using 本来 correctly in writing demands a good understanding of its various meanings and appropriate contexts. Learners might struggle with choosing the right alternative or forming grammatically sound sentences, especially when modifying nouns with 本来の.
Spontaneous use of 本来 in conversation can be challenging. It requires quick contextual understanding and accurate recall of its nuances. Overuse or misuse can lead to awkward phrasing.
Distinguishing 本来 from similar-sounding words or words with overlapping meanings (like 本当) requires careful listening. The implied contrast or emphasis on original/fundamental state can be subtle.
接下来学什么
前置知识
接下来学习
高级
需要掌握的语法
Using particle の (no) to connect 本来 with a noun.
本来の目的 (honrai no mokuteki) - the original purpose. Here, の links the adverbial 本来 to the noun 目的.
The use of は (wa) with 本来 to emphasize a contrast or fundamental truth.
本来はもっと簡単だ。(Fundamentally, it is simpler.) Here, は sets 本来 as the topic, often implying a contrast with the current state.
Using auxiliary verbs like 〜はずだ (hazu da) or 〜べきだ (beki da) with 本来 to express expectations or obligations.
本来は〜はずだ (honrai wa ~ hazu da) - It was supposed to be ~ originally. 本来は〜べきだ (honrai wa ~ beki da) - One should fundamentally ~.
The structure 〜ば (ba) + 〜だった (datta) or 〜であった (de atta) after 本来 to express hypothetical original conditions.
本来であれば、もっと早く終わるはずだった。(Had it been under normal circumstances, it should have finished sooner.)
Adverbial usage of 本来 at the beginning of a sentence to set the context.
本来、人間は平等である。(Fundamentally, humans are equal.)
按水平分级的例句
これは本来の形です。
This is the original shape.
本来、ここは静かです。
Originally, it is quiet here.
本来の猫はかわいい。
A cat's true nature is cute.
これは本来の色です。
This is the original color.
本来、魚は水にいます。
By nature, fish are in water.
本来の道はこれです。
This is the original path.
本来の味は美味しい。
The original taste is delicious.
本来の音を聞こう。
Let's listen to the original sound.
この計画は本来、もっと簡単だったはずです。
This plan was supposed to be simpler originally.
本来、子供は遊ぶのが好きです。
Children fundamentally like to play.
本来の目的を思い出してください。
Please remember the original purpose.
この木は本来、もっと大きくなるはずでした。
This tree was supposed to grow bigger originally.
本来、人間は平和を望む。
Humans fundamentally desire peace.
本来の姿に戻りたい。
I want to return to my original form.
本来、この道具は万能だ。
Fundamentally, this tool is versatile.
本来の味を体験してください。
Please experience the original taste.
この問題は、本来であればもっと簡単に解決できるはずだった。
This problem should have been able to be solved more easily originally.
猫は本来、単独で行動する動物です。
Cats are animals that are by nature solitary.
本来の自分を取り戻すために、彼は旅に出た。
He went on a journey to regain his true self.
本来、人間は平等であるべきだと考えられている。
It is thought that humans should fundamentally be equal.
このソフトウェアは本来、使いやすいはずなのに、なぜか複雑になっている。
This software should originally be easy to use, but for some reason, it has become complicated.
本来の計画に戻り、プロジェクトを再開しましょう。
Let's return to the original plan and restart the project.
彼は本来、非常に勤勉な学生だった。
He was originally a very diligent student.
本来、この地域は豊かな自然に恵まれていた。
This region was originally blessed with abundant nature.
現代社会では、本来の人間関係が希薄になっているという指摘がある。
There is a suggestion that genuine human relationships are becoming diluted in modern society.
この芸術作品は、制作者の本来の意図を汲み取ることが重要だ。
It is important to grasp the artist's original intention behind this artwork.
本来、私たちが目指すべきは、持続可能な社会の実現である。
Fundamentally, what we should aim for is the realization of a sustainable society.
彼の態度は、本来の性格とはかけ離れているように見える。
His attitude seems far removed from his true personality.
本来の目的を見失うと、組織は迷走しがちだ。
When the original purpose is lost sight of, organizations tend to go astray.
この法律は、本来、弱者を保護するために制定された。
This law was fundamentally enacted to protect the vulnerable.
本来の姿に戻るためには、まず自己受容が不可欠だ。
To return to one's true self, self-acceptance is essential.
本来、人間は自然の一部であり、共生すべき存在である。
Humans are fundamentally part of nature and should exist in symbiosis.
近代化の過程で、多くの文化が本来の姿を失いつつある。
In the process of modernization, many cultures are gradually losing their original forms.
教育の本来の目的は、単なる知識の伝達に留まらず、人格形成にあると考える。
I believe the fundamental purpose of education lies not only in the transmission of knowledge but also in character formation.
我々は、この技術が本来持つべき倫理的な側面を深く考察する必要がある。
We need to deeply consider the ethical aspects that this technology should fundamentally possess.
本来、自由とは責任を伴うものであり、無制限なものではない。
Fundamentally, freedom is accompanied by responsibility and is not unlimited.
この政策は、当初の理念から大きく逸脱しており、本来の目的を果たしていない。
This policy has deviated significantly from its original principles and is not fulfilling its fundamental purpose.
人間が本来持っている創造性を、現代社会は十分に引き出せていないのではないか。
Is it not the case that modern society is failing to fully elicit the creativity that humans fundamentally possess?
本来であれば、このような事態は未然に防ぐことができたはずだ。
Under normal circumstances, such a situation should have been preventable.
彼は、周囲の期待に縛られ、本来の自己表現を抑圧しているように見受けられる。
He appears to be suppressing his true self-expression, bound by the expectations of others.
社会構造の変容は、しばしば個人のアイデンティティに、本来の自己認識とは異なる影響を及ぼす。
Societal structural transformations often exert influences on individual identity that differ from one's fundamental self-perception.
我々は、テクノロジーの進化がもたらす恩恵と、それが本来人間にもたらすべき倫理的帰結との間で、常に均衡を保たねばならない。
We must constantly maintain a balance between the benefits brought about by technological advancement and the ethical consequences it should fundamentally bring to humanity.
芸術の本質とは、単なる模倣に留まらず、作家が本来見出そうとした真実の探求にあると言えよう。
The essence of art can be said to lie not merely in imitation, but in the artist's pursuit of truth, which they fundamentally sought to discover.
政治的言説においては、言葉が本来持つ意味合いから乖離し、特定の意図をもって操作される危険性が常に存在する。
In political discourse, there is always a danger that words deviate from their original meanings and are manipulated with specific intentions.
本来、人間が持つべき相互扶助の精神が、競争原理の台頭により、しばしば見失われがちである。
The spirit of mutual aid that humans should fundamentally possess is often lost sight of due to the rise of competitive principles.
この古典文学作品は、時代を超えてなお、人間存在の本来的な葛藤を描き出している。
This classical literary work, even transcending its era, depicts the fundamental struggles of human existence.
本来、理性とは感情に流されることなく、客観的な事実に基づいて判断を下す能力を指す。
Fundamentally, reason refers to the ability to make judgments based on objective facts, without being swayed by emotions.
我々の社会は、本来、多様な価値観を包摂し、共存できる基盤を持つべきである。
Our society should fundamentally possess a foundation that can encompass and coexist with diverse values.
常见搭配
常用短语
— Originally, fundamentally, by nature, it should be ~.
本来はもっと簡単にできるはずです。(Fundamentally, it should be easier.)
— The original ~, the true ~, the fundamental ~.
本来の目的を忘れないでください。(Please don't forget the original purpose.)
— ~ is fundamentally ~ / by nature ~.
猫は本来、単独行動を好む。(Cats by nature prefer to act alone.)
— To return to one's original form or true self.
長年の苦労を経て、彼は本来の姿に戻った。(After many years of hardship, he returned to his true self.)
— Original intention.
この政策の本来の意図は何だったのか？(What was the original intention of this policy?)
— One's true individuality or essence.
本来の自分らしさを大切にしましょう。(Let's cherish our true individuality.)
— To maintain one's original form or state.
この建物は本来の姿を保っている。(This building has maintained its original form.)
— To exhibit its original or intended function.
新しい薬が本来の機能を発揮し始めた。(The new medicine has started to exhibit its original function.)
— To fulfill its original purpose.
このプロジェクトは本来の目的を果たせなかった。(This project could not fulfill its original purpose.)
— It is not the original or true form/state.
この結果は、本来の姿ではない。(This result is not its true form.)
容易混淆的词
本当 means 'truth,' 'reality,' or 'really.' While both can be used to emphasize something, 本来 refers to the original or fundamental state, whereas 本当 refers to factual accuracy. For example, '本当によかった' (Hontō ni yokatta) means 'I'm really glad,' while '本来はもっと良いはずだ' (Honrai wa motto yoi hazu da) means 'It should fundamentally be better.'
元々 also means 'originally' or 'from the start.' It is often interchangeable with 本来 when referring to the initial state of something. However, 本来 can also refer to inherent nature or ideal states, which 元々 doesn't emphasize as strongly. 元々 often focuses more on the temporal origin.
本来の is the attributive form of 本来, used to modify nouns. 本来 itself can function as an adverb or sometimes as a noun. The distinction is grammatical: 本来 modifies verbs/adjectives/sentences, while 本来の modifies nouns directly.
习语与表达
— The original or normal condition/rhythm. Refers to getting back to one's usual state of health, performance, or mood.
怪我から回復し、彼は本来の調子を取り戻した。
Neutral— To reveal one's true nature or hidden potential.
試合で、彼は本来の姿を見せてチームを勝利に導いた。
Neutral— One's true honor or reputation; dignity. Often used when someone has regained their honor after a period of disgrace.
汚名をすすぎ、彼は本来の面目を取り戻した。
Formal— To restore something to its original form or condition.
古い建物を、本来の姿に戻すための修復が行われた。
Neutral— To live one's true life; to live authentically according to one's nature.
周りの意見に流されず、本来の自分を生きることが大切だ。
Neutral— The fundamental basis or foundation of something.
この理論は、本来の土台がしっかりしている。
Formal— The right path or the path one is meant to follow; one's true calling.
彼は迷った末、本来の道を見つけた。
Neutral— To shine with its true brilliance; to reveal its inherent potential or beauty.
この宝石は、磨かれることで本来の光を放った。
Neutral— The original charm or atmosphere; the inherent aesthetic quality.
古い町並みは、本来の趣を残している。
Neutral容易混淆
Both words mean 'originally' and are often used to refer to the initial state of something.
元々 primarily emphasizes the temporal aspect – 'from the very beginning' or 'even from childhood.' 本来, while also meaning 'originally,' more strongly implies inherent nature, fundamental purpose, or the ideal state that something should be in. 本来 can also be used to refer to something that is 'by nature' or 'fundamentally' true, even if it's not strictly about a past origin.
この会社は元々、小さな商店から始まった。(This company originally started as a small shop.) - Focus on temporal origin. この会社は本来、地域社会に貢献すべきだ。(This company should fundamentally contribute to the local community.) - Focus on inherent purpose/ideal.
Both words convey the meaning of 'by nature' or 'inherently.'
元来 is often considered slightly more formal or literary than 本来 when referring to inherent characteristics. They are very close in meaning for 'by nature.' However, 本来 can also be used to refer to the 'original state' or 'original intention' of a plan or object, a nuance that 元来 doesn't typically carry as strongly. 本来 is more versatile in covering both inherent nature and original state/purpose.
人間は元来、感情的な生き物だ。(Humans are inherently emotional creatures.) - Focus on inherent nature. この計画は本来、もっとシンプルになるはずだった。(This plan was originally supposed to be simpler.) - Focus on original state/intention.
Both words can refer to the beginning of something.
当初 specifically refers to the 'initial stage,' 'beginning,' or 'at first' of a specific period, event, or plan. It is purely temporal. 本来, on the other hand, can refer to the original state or fundamental nature, which might not be strictly tied to a specific starting point in time but rather to an inherent quality or intended design. 本来 can imply a contrast with the current state, whereas 当初 simply marks the beginning.
当初の計画では、このプロジェクトは来年完了する予定だった。(According to the plan at first, this project was scheduled to be completed next year.) - Focus on the initial plan's timeline. このプロジェクトは本来、顧客の利便性を最優先するはずだった。(This project was fundamentally supposed to prioritize customer convenience.) - Focus on the inherent purpose/ideal.
Both words can be used to emphasize something, and 本来 can sometimes sound like it's asserting a 'true' state.
本当 means 'truth,' 'reality,' or 'really.' It is used to confirm factual accuracy or to emphasize the actual state of affairs. 本来 means 'originally,' 'fundamentally,' or 'by nature.' It refers to the original state, inherent quality, or intended purpose, often implying a contrast with the current state. 本来 is not about factual correctness in the same way as 本当.
本当の話だよ。(It's a true story.) - Factual. 本来、この場所はもっと静かだった。(Originally, this place was quieter.) - Contrasting past state with current state.
Both words relate to the core or true nature of something.
本質 is a noun meaning 'essence,' 'true nature,' or 'substance.' It describes the fundamental quality or character of something. 本来 is often used adverbially or as part of a phrase to describe something that is 'fundamentally,' 'by nature,' or 'originally' a certain way. While 本来 can refer to the 'true nature,' 本質 is the noun that names that nature itself.
この問題の本質を理解する必要がある。(It is necessary to understand the essence of this problem.) - Noun referring to the core nature. この問題は本来、もっと単純なはずだ。(This problem should fundamentally be simpler.) - Adverbial, referring to the original/fundamental state.
句型
本来、[Subject] は [Characteristic] だ。
本来、猫は独立した生き物だ。
本来の [Noun] は [Description]。
本来の目的は、人々の幸福です。
本来であれば、[Hypothetical Situation]。
本来であれば、もっと早く着くはずでした。
[Subject] は、本来の [Noun] を [Verb]。
彼は、本来の自分を取り戻した。
本来、[Statement of Fundamental Truth]。
本来、人間は協力し合うべきだ。
これは本来の [Noun] ではない。
これは本来の姿ではない。
本来の [Noun] を [Verb]。
本来の味を再現する。
本来は [Current State] が、[Original State]。
今は忙しいが、本来は穏やかな性格だ。
词族
相关
如何使用
High
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Using 本来 when meaning 'really' or 'truly'.
→
Using 本当 (hontō) or 本当に (hontō ni) for 'really'.
本来 refers to the original or fundamental state, while 本当 refers to factual truth or emphasis. For example, '本当によかった' means 'I'm really glad,' whereas '本来はもっと良いはずだ' means 'It should fundamentally be better.'
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Forgetting the particle の (no) when 本来 modifies a noun.
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Using 本来の + [Noun].
When 本来 functions as an adjective modifying a noun, the particle の is required. For instance, '本来の目的' (original purpose) is correct, not '本来目的'.
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Confusing 本来 with 元々 (motomoto) when referring to inherent nature.
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Using 本来 for inherent nature/fundamental state, and 元々 for temporal origin.
While both can mean 'originally,' 元々 emphasizes 'from the very beginning,' while 本来 emphasizes inherent nature or intended purpose. '人間は元来、社会的な生き物だ' (Humans are inherently social beings) is more natural than using 元々 in this context.
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Assuming 本来 always implies a negative contrast.
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Understanding that 本来 can be a neutral statement of fact about original or fundamental state.
While 本来 is often used to point out a deviation from the ideal (e.g., 'This software should be easier, but it's not'), it can also simply describe the inherent quality or original state without explicit contrast. For example, 'この材料は本来丈夫なものです' (This material is fundamentally strong) is a neutral statement.
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Using 本来 to describe temporary emotions or states.
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Using specific words for temporary states (e.g., 今は - ima wa, 〜ている - -te iru).
本来 refers to a stable, inherent, or original characteristic. It's not suitable for describing fleeting emotions or temporary conditions. For example, if someone is temporarily upset, you wouldn't say '本来怒っている'; you would say '今、怒っている' (They are angry now).
小贴士
Master the 'R' Sound
The Japanese 'r' sound in 本来 (honrai) is a light flap, similar to the 'dd' in the American English word 'ladder' or the 'tt' in 'butter.' Avoid pronouncing it like the English 'r' in 'road.' Practicing this sound will make your pronunciation much more natural.
Visual Association
Imagine a seed (本 - root/origin) 'coming' (来 - rai) to sprout. The seed represents the 'honrai' – the fundamental beginning and essence. This visual can help you remember the core meaning.
Don't Forget の (no)
When 本来 directly modifies a noun (e.g., 'original purpose'), you almost always need to use the particle の: 本来の目的 (honrai no mokuteki). Forgetting this is a common mistake for learners.
Compare and Contrast
Actively compare 本来 with similar words like 元々 (motomoto) and 元来 (genrai). Understanding their subtle differences in nuance and usage will help you choose the most appropriate word for each situation.
Create Your Own Sentences
After learning the definition and usage, try to create your own sentences using 本来 in various contexts. Write about your own 'honrai no jibun' (true self) or the 'honrai no mokuteki' (original purpose) of your studies.
Understand the Implied Contrast
Often, 本来 is used to highlight a gap between how things are and how they should be or were originally. Recognizing this implied contrast is key to understanding the deeper meaning in many Japanese expressions.
Avoid Confusion with 本当
Remember that 本来 is about 'original state' or 'nature,' not 'truth' or 'really.' If you mean 'really,' use 本当 (hontō). Mixing them up can change the meaning significantly.
Consider the 'Ideal' Nuance
In many contexts, 本来 carries a subtle implication of the 'ideal' or 'intended' state. Think of it as pointing to what something 'ought to be' by its very nature or design.
Regular Review
Like any vocabulary, 本来 requires regular review. Revisit example sentences, try to use it in your own writing and speaking, and actively listen for it in Japanese media to solidify your understanding.
记住它
记忆技巧
Imagine a tree's 'roots' (本 - hon) are where it 'comes' (来 - rai) from. The tree's 'honrai' is its origin, its true nature before it grew branches and leaves. Think of the tree's original, fundamental form.
视觉联想
Picture a seed in the ground, representing the 'origin' (本). Then imagine it 'coming' (来) to sprout into a plant. This seed is the 'honrai' of the plant – its fundamental beginning and essence.
Word Web
挑战
Try to rephrase sentences you hear or read that use words like 'originally,' 'essentially,' or 'by nature' into Japanese using 本来. For example, 'Essentially, humans are social beings' becomes '人間は本来、社会的な生き物だ。'
词源
The word 本来 is a compound of two kanji: 本 (hon) meaning 'root,' 'origin,' 'basis,' or 'true,' and 来 (rai) meaning 'to come.' Literally, it suggests 'origin coming' or 'that which comes from the root/origin.' This etymology directly informs its meaning of 'originally' or 'fundamentally.'
原始含义： The combination of 'root/origin' (本) and 'to come' (来) implies something that originates from its fundamental source or has come into being from its initial state.
Japanese文化背景
Using 本来 to describe someone's 'true self' or 'nature' should be done with care, as it can sometimes imply that their current behavior is a deviation from this 'true' state, which might be perceived as critical or judgmental if not handled with sensitivity.
While English has words like 'originally,' 'fundamentally,' or 'by nature,' 本来 often carries a nuance of 'as it should be' or 'the ideal state,' which isn't always explicitly present in its English counterparts. It implies a standard or a natural order that might have been deviated from.
在生活中练习
真实语境
Discussing a product's intended features versus its current performance.
- 本来の機能
- 本来は〜はずだ
- 期待通りではない
Talking about personal growth and self-discovery.
- 本来の自分
- 本来の姿に戻る
- 自分らしさ
Analyzing societal issues or historical events.
- 本来、〜べきだ
- 本来の目的
- 現状と異なる
Describing inherent characteristics of people or animals.
- 本来、〜だ
- 本来の性格
- 〜な生き物
Revisiting original plans or intentions.
- 本来の計画
- 当初の目的
- 原点に戻る
对话开场白
"What do you think is the 'honrai' (original purpose) of this school?"
"Do you think people are generally living up to their 'honrai no jibun' (true selves)?"
"How has your city changed from its 'honrai no sugata' (original form)?"
"What's something that should 'honrai' (fundamentally) be done differently?"
"If you could return to your 'honrai no chōshi' (normal condition), what would you do first?"
日记主题
Reflect on a time you felt you lost sight of your 'honrai no mokuteki' (original purpose) and how you found it again.
Describe a situation where someone's 'honrai no seikaku' (true personality) was different from their outward appearance.
Write about what you believe is the 'honrai' (fundamental) role of art or music in society.
Consider a habit you have. Is it part of your 'honrai' (natural) self, or something you've learned? How can you live more in line with your 'honrai'?
Imagine you are restoring an old object. What does it mean to bring it back to its 'honrai no sugata' (original form)?
常见问题
10 个问题本当 (hontō) means 'truth' or 'really' and is used to confirm factual accuracy. 本来 (honrai) means 'originally,' 'fundamentally,' or 'by nature' and refers to the original state, inherent quality, or intended purpose, often implying a contrast with the current situation. For example, '本当によかった' (I'm really glad) vs. '本来はもっと良いはずだ' (It should fundamentally be better).
No, 本来 does not mean 'simply' or 'just.' It carries the weight of 'originally,' 'fundamentally,' or 'by nature.' For 'simply' or 'just,' you would use words like ただ (tada), 単に (tanni), or 〜だけ (dake) depending on the context.
本来の is used when you want to directly modify a noun, meaning 'original [noun]' or 'fundamental [noun].' For example, '本来の目的' (honrai no mokuteki - original purpose). 本来 itself functions more as an adverb, modifying a verb, adjective, or sentence, often appearing at the beginning of a clause or sentence, like '本来、〜だ' (Honrai, ~ da - Fundamentally, it is ~).
Not necessarily. While it often refers to an original state from the past, it can also describe an inherent quality or a fundamental truth that exists now and always has. For example, '人間は本来、社会的な生き物だ' (Humans are fundamentally social beings) refers to a current, inherent characteristic, not just a past state.
本来 often implies an ideal state or purpose. When something is not meeting its 'honrai,' it suggests a deviation from how it should ideally be or function. For example, if a tool is not working as expected, one might say '本来の機能を発揮していない' (It's not exhibiting its original/intended function), implying it's not meeting its ideal performance.
Generally, no. 本来 refers to a more permanent, fundamental, or original state. For temporary states or emotions, other words are more appropriate. For instance, if someone is temporarily angry, you wouldn't say '本来怒っている' (they are fundamentally angry); instead, you might say '今は怒っている' (they are angry now).
元々 (motomoto) emphasizes the temporal origin – 'from the very beginning.' 本来 (honrai) can also mean 'originally' but more strongly implies inherent nature, fundamental purpose, or the ideal state. For example, '元々この技術は軍事用だった' (This technology was originally for military use) focuses on its initial development, while 'この技術は本来、人々の生活を豊かにすべきだ' (This technology should fundamentally enrich people's lives) focuses on its intended purpose.
Yes, it is very common to use 本来 in negative sentences to point out a deviation from the original or intended state. For example, '本来の目的を果たせなかった' (It could not fulfill its original purpose) or '本来の姿ではない' (This is not its true form).
Try to identify situations where you would use 'originally,' 'fundamentally,' or 'by nature' in English and translate them using 本来. Also, pay attention to how native speakers use it in dramas, news, and conversations, and try to mimic their sentence structures and contexts.
Common collocations include 本来の目的 (original purpose), 本来の自分 (true self), 本来の姿 (original form), 本来の性格 (true personality), and the adverbial usage 本来は〜 (honrai wa ~) which means 'fundamentally' or 'originally it is ~'.
自我测试 10 个问题
/ 10 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
Honrai signifies the original state, true nature, or fundamental purpose, often contrasting with the current reality or superficial appearance. It's crucial for understanding inherent qualities and intended meanings.
- Honrai means originally, primarily, or by nature.
- It points to the true or original state of something.
- Often used to contrast with the current situation.
- Essential for understanding inherent qualities and intentions.
Context is Key
The meaning of 本来 can shift slightly depending on the context. Always consider if it's referring to the past origin, inherent nature, intended purpose, or a contrast with the current state. This contextual understanding is crucial for accurate interpretation and usage.
Master the 'R' Sound
The Japanese 'r' sound in 本来 (honrai) is a light flap, similar to the 'dd' in the American English word 'ladder' or the 'tt' in 'butter.' Avoid pronouncing it like the English 'r' in 'road.' Practicing this sound will make your pronunciation much more natural.
Visual Association
Imagine a seed (本 - root/origin) 'coming' (来 - rai) to sprout. The seed represents the 'honrai' – the fundamental beginning and essence. This visual can help you remember the core meaning.
Don't Forget の (no)
When 本来 directly modifies a noun (e.g., 'original purpose'), you almost always need to use the particle の: 本来の目的 (honrai no mokuteki). Forgetting this is a common mistake for learners.
例句
本来、この仕事は私がやるべきだ。
