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A2 adjective 中性 2分钟阅读

無理

muri /mɯɾi/
开始练习

Overview

The Japanese word '無理' (pronounced 'muri') is a versatile and common term that encapsulates the concepts of 'impossible,' 'unreasonable,' 'forcible,' or 'excessive.' Its meaning can shift subtly depending on the context in which it's used, making it a nuanced word to master.

At its core, '無理' often conveys a sense of impossibility or impracticality. For instance, if a task is deemed too difficult or beyond one's capabilities, it can be described as '無理' (e.g., 'それは無理だ' - 'That's impossible' or 'That's too much for me'). This implies that the effort required outweighs the potential for success, or that the circumstances simply do not allow for it.

Beyond impossibility, '無理' can also express unreasonableness or illogic. If a request or a situation is deemed unfair, illogical, or going against common sense, '無理' can be applied. For example, '無理な要求' means 'an unreasonable request.' This usage highlights a violation of established norms, fairness, or practical considerations.

Furthermore, '無理' can describe something done with force or against one's will, often leading to negative consequences. '無理やり' (muriyari), a related adverb, means 'forcibly' or 'against one's will.' For instance, '無理に働かされた' means 'I was forced to work.' In this sense, '無理' denotes an action that is not natural, sustainable, or consensual, suggesting strain or coercion.

Finally, '無理' can also convey excessiveness or overexertion, particularly when it comes to personal effort or physical strain. If someone is pushing themselves too hard, or working beyond their healthy limits, it can be described as '無理をしている' (muri o shiteiru - 'They are overdoing it' or 'They are pushing themselves too hard'). This usage emphasizes the potential for harm or burnout due to excessive effort.

In summary, '無理' is a powerful and multifaceted word that goes beyond a simple translation of 'impossible.' It encompasses impossibility, unreasonableness, force, and excessiveness, each with its own contextual nuances, and its understanding is key to grasping subtle expressions in Japanese communication.

例句

1

そんな無理なことはできません。

When asked to do something difficult.

I can't do anything so unreasonable.

2

徹夜は体に無理がある。

Referring to an unhealthy action.

Staying up all night is hard on your body.

3

無理をしないでください。

Warning someone not to push themselves too hard.

Please don't overdo it.

4

この計画には無理がある。

Evaluating a plan or idea.

This plan is unrealistic.

5

それはちょっと無理ですね。

Politly declining a request or stating a difficulty.

That's a bit impossible/difficult, isn't it?

常见搭配

無理がある
無理を言う
無理をする
無理もない

容易混淆的词

無理 对比 無茶 (mucha)
While both 無理 (muri) and 無茶 (mucha) can mean 'unreasonable' or 'impossible', 無理 often implies a lack of ability or feasibility, or a demand that is too difficult to meet. 無茶, on the other hand, often suggests recklessness, absurdity, or something done without proper thought or caution, leading to potentially negative consequences. For example, 無理な要求 (muri na yokyuu) is an 'unreasonable demand' because it's too difficult, whereas 無茶な運転 (mucha na unten) is 'reckless driving'.

语法模式

〜は無理だ (wa muri da) 無理をする (muri o suru) 無理もない (muri mo nai)

如何使用

使用说明

When using '無理' (muri), consider the context and your relationship with the person you are speaking to. A direct 'それは無理です' (sore wa muri desu - 'that is impossible/unreasonable') can sometimes sound abrupt or dismissive. To soften it, you might add phrases like 'ちょっと無理だと思います' (chotto muri da to omoimasu - 'I think it might be a little difficult/unreasonable') or '申し訳ありませんが、それは無理です' (moushiwake arimasen ga, sore wa muri desu - 'I'm sorry, but that is impossible/unreasonable'). It's also frequently used in requests or apologies, such as '無理を言ってすみません' (muri o itte sumimasen - 'I'm sorry for asking for something unreasonable') or '無理をさせてしまってごめんなさい' (muri o sasete shimatte gomen nasai - 'I'm sorry for putting you in a difficult situation'). It can also be used as an adjective, like '無理な要求' (muri na yokyuu - 'an unreasonable request').

常见错误

One common mistake is confusing 無理 (muri) with 難しい (muzukashii), which means 'difficult.' While something impossible is inherently difficult, not everything difficult is impossible. 無理 implies an absolute impossibility or unreasonableness, whereas 難しい suggests a high degree of challenge but not necessarily an insurmountable one. For instance, 'This exam is difficult' (この試験は難しい) is common, but saying 'This exam is impossible' (この試験は無理) would imply it's literally unsolvable or unfairly designed. Another mistake is using 無理 in situations where a simple negative or refusal would suffice, which can sound overly dramatic. For example, instead of '無理です' (It's impossible) when declining an invitation, a softer 'できません' (I can't) or a more direct '都合が悪いです' (My schedule is inconvenient) might be more appropriate depending on the context and relationship. Lastly, be careful not to overuse 無理 when trying to convey that something is 'too much' or 'straining,' as there are other nuances. For instance, when feeling overwhelmed, '大変です' (It's tough/hard) or 'しんどい' (I'm tired/exhausted) might be more fitting.

小贴士

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Usage Contexts of '無理' (Muri)

'無理' (muri) is a versatile Japanese word primarily meaning 'impossible' or 'unreasonable.' It can be used in various contexts to express different nuances. For example, 'それは無理です' (Sore wa muri desu) means 'That's impossible' or 'That's unreasonable.' When used to describe a person, '無理な人' (muri na hito) might imply someone who overworks or pushes themselves too hard, or someone whose demands are unreasonable. It can also describe a situation that is unmanageable or a task that is beyond one's capability. Understanding the surrounding context is key to grasping its precise meaning.
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Common Pitfalls and Nuances with '無理' (Muri)

While '無理' generally translates to 'impossible' or 'unreasonable,' its usage can be more nuanced than a direct translation suggests. For instance, in a polite refusal, saying 'それはちょっと無理です' (Sore wa chotto muri desu - 'That's a bit impossible/difficult for me') is a soft way to decline without being too direct. It can also imply 'too much' or 'strenuous,' as in '無理をしないでください' (Muri o shinai de kudasai - 'Please don't overdo it' or 'Don't push yourself too hard'). A common mistake is to use it too broadly where a more specific word like 'できない' (dekinai - cannot do) might be more appropriate. Always consider the implied meaning and the politeness level required by the situation.
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Mastering '無理' (Muri): Tips for Effective Use

To effectively use '無理,' focus on its core meanings of impossibility, unreasonableness, and strenuousness. Practice using it in different sentence structures, such as '〜は無理だ' (〜wa muri da - '〜 is impossible'), '無理をする' (muri o suru - 'to overdo it/push oneself'), and '無理やり' (muriari - 'forcibly/against one's will'). Pay attention to particles like 'に' (ni) when used with verbs, as in '無理に頼む' (muri ni tanomu - 'to ask unreasonably'). Listening to native speakers and observing how they use '無理' in various conversations will greatly enhance your understanding and ability to use it naturally. Remember that it's a very common and useful word, so frequent exposure and practice will lead to mastery.

词源

The Japanese word '無理' (muri) is composed of two kanji: '無' (mu) meaning 'nothing,' 'without,' and '理' (ri) meaning 'reason,' 'logic,' 'sense.' Literally, it means 'without reason' or 'illogical.' It has been used in Japanese for centuries to convey the idea of something being impossible, unreasonable, or forcing something against its natural state. Its usage can be traced back to classical Japanese literature and texts where it carried similar connotations to its modern usage.

文化背景

The word '無理' (muri) in Japanese carries a nuanced cultural weight that goes beyond a simple translation of 'impossible' or 'unreasonable.' In Japanese society, there's a strong emphasis on effort, perseverance, and not giving up easily. Therefore, directly stating something is 'muri' can sometimes be perceived as a lack of effort or a pessimistic attitude. While it is used to express impossibility, it can also imply that something is too difficult, impractical, or even unfair. When someone says 'muri o suru' (無理をする), it means to overexert oneself or push oneself too hard, often out of a sense of duty or responsibility. There's a cultural expectation to try one's best, even if the odds are stacked against them, before resorting to 'muri.'

记忆技巧

Visualize a 'muri' (無理) mountain that's impossible to climb. Or, think of 'mu' (無) meaning 'nothing' and 'ri' (理) meaning 'reason' – so, no reason, unreasonable.

常见问题

4 个问题
'無理' (muri) in Japanese primarily means 'impossible,' 'unreasonable,' 'unnecessary,' or 'beyond one's power.' It's a versatile word used to express situations or actions that are not feasible, too difficult, or make no sense. It can also imply forcing something, overworking, or something being illogical or irrational. The nuance often depends on the context in which it's used, but the core idea revolves around something not being possible or appropriate.
'無理' can be used in various grammatical forms. As a noun, it can be seen in phrases like '無理がある' (muri ga aru), meaning 'there's something unreasonable about it,' or '無理を言う' (muri o iu), meaning 'to ask for the impossible.' As an adjective (often with 'な' - na), you might hear '無理な計画' (muri na keikaku), meaning 'an impossible plan.' It can also function as an adverb, as in '無理にやらせる' (muri ni yara-seru), meaning 'to force someone to do something.' Its flexibility makes it a common and important word in everyday Japanese.
There are several common phrases and expressions using '無理.' For example, '無理しないでください' (muri shinaide kudasai) is a very polite and common way to say 'Please don't overdo it' or 'Please don't push yourself too hard.' 'それは無理だ' (sore wa muri da) means 'That's impossible' or 'That's unreasonable.' '無理やり' (muriyari) means 'forcibly' or 'against one's will,' often used to describe actions done without consent or by compulsion. These phrases highlight the various ways 'muri' conveys difficulty or impossibility.
Generally, '無理' carries a negative connotation, indicating difficulty, impossibility, or unreasonableness. However, the tone can be softened depending on the context and intonation. For instance, '無理しないでください' is a caring expression. But when someone says '無理だ' (muri da) in response to a request, it usually signifies a firm refusal or a declaration of inability. The word itself points to a limitation or a problem, so its usage usually implies a challenge or an undesirable situation.

自我测试

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それは___な要求だ。

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
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一人で全部やるのは___だ。

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
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___を言ってはいけません。

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：

得分： /3

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这个词在其他语言中

~ㄹ 리가 없다 韩语
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