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B1 adjective #2,500 最常用 8分钟阅读

精神的

seishinteki
At the A1 level, you are just beginning your Japanese journey. The word 精神的 (seishinteki) might seem a bit complex because it uses three kanji characters, but the concept is very simple. It means 'mental' or 'about the mind.' As a beginner, you learn words for body parts like 'head' (あたま) and 'stomach' (おなか). 精神的 is the word you use when you want to talk about the inside of your head—your feelings, your stress, and your mind. You don't need to use it in complicated sentences yet. Just knowing that it is the opposite of 'physical' (肉体的 - nikutaiteki) is a great start. For example, if you are tired, you might be tired in your body, or you might be tired in your mind. If it is your mind, you use 精神的. Remember that it is a 'na-adjective'. This means if you put it before a noun, you need to add 'na' (な). For example, 'mental stress' is 精神的なストレス (seishinteki na sutoresu). If you want to say 'I am mentally tired,' you change the 'na' to 'ni' (に) to make it an adverb: 精神的に疲れました (seishinteki ni tsukaremashita). Practice these two simple patterns, and you will sound very smart even at the A1 level! It is a very useful word because modern life has a lot of stress, and Japanese people talk about 'mental health' often.
Moving into the A2 level, you can start using 精神的 in slightly more detailed sentences. You already know it means 'mental' and requires 'na' or 'ni' depending on how you use it. Now, you can start combining it with vocabulary related to health, work, and daily struggles. At this stage, you should practice using it to explain reasons or conditions. For instance, if someone asks why you are taking a day off, you can say '精神的に疲れましたから' (Because I am mentally tired). You can also use it to describe other people. '彼は精神的に強いです' (He is mentally strong). This is a very common way to compliment someone's resilience in Japanese. Furthermore, you can start contrasting it with physical states using the '〜は〜が、〜は〜' pattern. '肉体的には元気ですが、精神的には疲れました' (Physically I am fine, but mentally I am tired). This kind of balanced sentence is highly natural in Japanese and shows a good grasp of A2 grammar. Don't worry too much about the deep philosophical meanings of the kanji yet; just focus on using it as a practical tool to describe stress, strength, and fatigue in everyday situations. It is a fantastic word to elevate your conversational Japanese beyond just saying 'I am sad' or 'I am happy.'
At the B1 level, 精神的 becomes an essential part of your active vocabulary. You are now capable of discussing more abstract topics, such as society, workplace culture, and personal well-being. 精神的 is the perfect word for these discussions. You should be comfortable using compound phrases like 精神的苦痛 (mental anguish), 精神的支え (emotional support), and 精神的ダメージ (mental damage). Notice how in these common compound nouns, the 'な' is sometimes dropped for brevity, though keeping it (精神的な支え) is always grammatically safe and natural. At this level, you should also understand the nuance difference between 精神的 and the English loanword メンタル (mentar). While young people might say 'メンタルがやばい' (my mental state is bad), in a B1-level discussion or essay, you should use '精神的に不安定です' (mentally unstable). You can use it to express complex opinions, such as '現代社会では、肉体的な労働よりも精神的なストレスの方が大きな問題だと思います' (In modern society, I think mental stress is a bigger problem than physical labor). Mastering 精神的 at this stage allows you to participate in deeper, more meaningful conversations with native speakers about life, challenges, and psychology.
As a B2 learner, your use of 精神的 should be highly nuanced and accurate. You are expected to read news articles, watch documentaries, and understand complex social issues where this word frequently appears. You should know the difference between 精神的 (general mental/spiritual state) and 心理的 (shinriteki - academic/objective psychological state). For example, you would use 心理的 when discussing 'psychological safety' (心理的安全性) in a team, but 精神的 when discussing the 'spiritual/mental growth' (精神的成長) of an individual. You should also be familiar with its use in legal and medical contexts, such as 精神的瑕疵 (psychological defect - e.g., in real estate when a property has a dark history) or 精神疾患 (mental illness). At this level, your sentence structures should be sophisticated. '彼は多大な精神的プレッシャーを抱えながらも、見事にプロジェクトを成功に導いた' (Despite carrying immense mental pressure, he splendidly led the project to success). You should also be able to use it in formal writing (論文 or レポート), ensuring you always use the correct particles and pair it with appropriate formal verbs and nouns. The word is no longer just about 'being tired'; it's a tool for analyzing human behavior and societal trends.
At the C1 level, your command of 精神的 should be near-native. You understand its deep cultural and etymological roots. The kanji 精神 (seishin) doesn't just mean 'mind' in a clinical sense; it carries centuries of philosophical and martial arts history, implying 'spirit,' 'ethos,' or 'soul.' You can seamlessly navigate conversations about 精神論 (seishin-ron - the theory that willpower can overcome any obstacle), a concept deeply embedded in traditional Japanese corporate and sports culture, often used critically today. You can articulate complex arguments criticizing this mindset: '単なる精神論でこの危機を乗り越えることは不可能であり、具体的な戦略が求められている' (It is impossible to overcome this crisis with mere willpower/spiritual theory; concrete strategies are required). You are also comfortable with highly specific collocations like 精神的充足感 (feeling of spiritual/mental fulfillment) or 精神的支柱 (spiritual pillar/mainstay). You know exactly when to use 精神的 versus 心理的, 内面的, or 観念的 (ideological/conceptual). Your usage reflects a deep understanding of Japanese societal shifts, particularly the modern pushback against overwork and the increasing prioritization of 精神的健康 (mental health) over mere economic output. You use the word not just to describe states, but to critique, analyze, and philosophize.
At the C2 level, your understanding of 精神的 encompasses its entire semantic range, from clinical psychiatry to abstract philosophy and classical literature. You can deconstruct the word and discuss its implications in various historical contexts. You understand how the concept of 精神 (spirit/mind) evolved in Japan, particularly during the Meiji restoration when Western philosophical and psychological concepts were translated into Japanese. You can engage in high-level academic or literary discourse, using phrases like 精神的風土 (spiritual climate/ethos of a region) or 精神的遺産 (spiritual/intangible heritage). You can effortlessly read and comprehend texts by authors like Natsume Soseki or modern philosophers who explore the 精神的な葛藤 (spiritual/mental conflicts) of the modern individual. In debate or negotiation, you can use the term strategically to appeal to the emotional or ethical side of an argument. You recognize the subtle irony or criticism when someone is described as having 精神的勝利 (a mental victory - i.e., sour grapes). At this ultimate level of proficiency, 精神的 is not just a vocabulary word; it is a lens through which you can analyze Japanese culture, literature, and the collective psyche, expressing your thoughts with absolute precision, elegance, and cultural resonance.
开始练习 例句 笔记与提示

精神的 30秒了解

  • Means 'mental' or 'psychological'.
  • Used as a na-adjective (精神的な).
  • Opposite of 'physical' (肉体的).
  • Commonly used with stress or fatigue.

The Japanese word 精神的 (seishinteki) is a highly versatile and commonly used na-adjective that primarily translates to 'mental,' 'psychological,' 'spiritual,' or 'emotional.' It is composed of three kanji characters: 精 (sei - spirit, energy, essence), 神 (shin/kami - mind, soul, god), and 的 (teki - a suffix meaning '-ic' or '-al' that turns nouns into adjectives). When combined, these characters form a word that deeply relates to the inner workings of the human mind and soul, as opposed to the physical body or material world. Understanding this word is crucial for discussing health, well-being, stress, and human psychology in Japanese.

Core Meaning
Relating to the mind, spirit, or emotions, often used in contrast to physical (肉体的 - nikutaiteki).

現代社会では、精神的な健康が非常に重要視されています。

In modern society, mental health is highly valued.

In everyday conversation, you will frequently hear 精神的 used in the context of stress (精神的ストレス), fatigue (精神的疲労), or support (精神的サポート). It encompasses not just clinical psychological states, but also everyday emotional burdens and spiritual resilience. The distinction between the physical and the mental is a common theme in Japanese discourse, especially in the workplace where 'mental health' (メンタルヘルス) has become a significant topic of discussion.

Nuance
It carries a slightly formal or objective tone compared to just saying 'feelings' (気持ち), making it suitable for professional, medical, or academic contexts.

彼は精神的にとても強い人です。

He is a mentally very strong person.

Furthermore, the word can sometimes lean towards the 'spiritual' depending on the context, especially when discussing traditional arts, martial arts (Budo), or religious concepts, where the 'spirit' (精神) is trained alongside the body. However, in modern daily life, the 'mental/psychological' translation is by far the most applicable.

Usage Context
Medical, professional, personal well-being, and sports psychology.

この仕事は肉体的よりも精神的に疲れます。

This job is more mentally tiring than physically.

精神的な苦痛に対する賠償を求める。

To seek compensation for mental anguish.

彼女は私の精神的な支えです。

She is my emotional (mental) support.

Using 精神的 correctly involves understanding its grammatical function as a na-adjective (形容動詞). This means its form changes depending on what follows it. When modifying a noun directly, you must append 'な' (na). For example, 精神的なダメージ (mental damage) or 精神的な病気 (mental illness). If you are using it to modify a verb or an adjective, functioning as an adverb, you must append 'に' (ni). For instance, 精神的に疲れた (mentally tired) or 精神的に成長する (to grow mentally).

Modifying Nouns
精神的 + な + Noun (e.g., 精神的な負担 - mental burden)

それは大きな精神的な負担になります。

That becomes a major mental burden.

When ending a sentence with this word, you use the copula 'だ' (da) for casual speech or 'です' (desu) for polite speech. For example, その問題は精神的だ (The problem is mental) or 理由は精神的です (The reason is psychological). It is also common to see it used with the verb 'なる' (to become), as in 精神的になる (to become emotional/mental), though this is slightly less common than using it to describe a state.

Adverbial Usage
精神的 + に + Verb/Adjective (e.g., 精神的に追い詰められる - to be mentally cornered)

最近、精神的に余裕がありません。

Lately, I have no mental leeway (I am stressed).

Another important grammatical structure is using it in comparisons. You will often hear '肉体的には...だが、精神的には...' (Physically it is..., but mentally it is...). This balanced sentence structure is highly favored in Japanese rhetoric, especially in essays, news reports, and formal discussions about labor or sports.

Sentence Ending
Noun + は + 精神的 + だ/です (e.g., 原因は精神的です - The cause is psychological)

彼の不調の原因は精神的なものです。

The cause of his poor condition is psychological.

スポーツは精神的な強さが求められます。

Sports require mental strength.

彼女は精神的に自立している。

She is mentally independent.

The word 精神的 is ubiquitous in modern Japanese society, appearing across a wide spectrum of contexts from casual conversations among friends to highly formal news broadcasts. One of the most common places you will encounter this word is in the workplace or in discussions about labor. Japan has a well-documented culture of intense work environments, and discussions around 'mental health' (メンタルヘルス) frequently utilize the word 精神的. Phrases like 精神的ストレス (mental stress) and 精神的疲労 (mental fatigue) are standard vocabulary in HR departments and medical clinics.

Workplace Context
Used to discuss employee well-being, stress leave, and work-life balance.

長時間の残業は精神的な健康を害します。

Long overtime hours harm mental health.

Another major area where this word shines is in sports and competitive environments. Japanese sports culture places a massive emphasis on 'spirit' and 'guts' (根性 - konjou). Coaches and commentators frequently discuss an athlete's 精神的な強さ (mental strength) or 精神的な弱さ (mental weakness). Overcoming a difficult opponent is often framed not just as a physical victory, but as a 精神的な勝利 (mental victory). It is also used in traditional martial arts (Budo) to describe the spiritual discipline required to master the art.

Sports & Athletics
Describing mental toughness, focus, and psychological resilience during competition.

試合に勝つには精神的なタフさが必要です。

To win the game, mental toughness is necessary.

You will also hear it in legal and news contexts. For instance, when discussing lawsuits, the term 精神的苦痛 (mental anguish/distress) is the standard legal term used when a plaintiff is seeking damages for emotional suffering. In everyday life, friends might use it to describe a draining relationship or a difficult life event, saying things like '精神的にキツイ' (It's mentally tough/exhausting).

Legal & News
Used in formal reporting of crimes, lawsuits, and medical diagnoses.

被害者は大きな精神的ショックを受けている。

The victim has suffered a major psychological shock.

親の離婚は子供に精神的な影響を与える。

Parents' divorce has a psychological impact on children.

彼は今、精神的な治療を受けています。

He is currently receiving psychiatric/mental treatment.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make with 精神的 is forgetting the 'な' (na) or 'に' (ni) particles when connecting it to other words. Because it translates to an English adjective ('mental'), English speakers often try to place it directly in front of a noun without the necessary grammatical glue. Saying '精神的健康' without the 'な' is sometimes acceptable in highly compressed compound nouns (like 精神的苦痛), but in standard sentence structures, omitting the 'な' (e.g., 精神的サポート instead of 精神的なサポート) can sound slightly unnatural or overly rigid, like a textbook heading rather than spoken language.

Missing Particle Error
Incorrect: 精神的疲労を感じる (Sometimes okay as a compound, but often better as 精神的な疲労).

❌ 彼は精神的疲れました。
⭕ 彼は精神的に疲れました。

He is mentally tired. (Must use 'ni' for adverbial modification of a verb).

Another common pitfall is confusing 精神的 with 心理的 (shinriteki). While both can translate to 'psychological,' 心理的 is much more academic and relates specifically to the science of psychology (心理学). 精神的 is broader, encompassing the spirit, emotions, and general mental state. If you are talking about a psychological experiment or a cognitive bias, 心理的 is better. If you are talking about feeling stressed, emotionally drained, or spiritually uplifted, 精神的 is the correct choice.

Vocabulary Confusion
Using 精神的 when discussing clinical psychology science instead of 心理的.

❌ 精神学のテスト。
⭕ 心理学のテスト。

A psychology test. (Psychology as a science is 心理学, not 精神学).

Lastly, learners sometimes use 精神的 when they simply mean 'mood' or 'feelings' in a very casual, fleeting sense. For example, if you are just in a bad mood because it's raining, saying '精神的に悪い' is a massive overstatement. 精神的 implies a deeper, more profound, or longer-lasting state of the mind. For fleeting moods, words like 気分 (kibun) or 機嫌 (kigen) are much more appropriate.

Overstatement Error
Using 精神的 for temporary, trivial moods.

❌ 雨で精神的が悪い。
⭕ 雨で気分が悪い。

I feel bad/gloomy because of the rain.

❌ 精神的に嬉しい。
⭕ 本当に嬉しい。

I am truly happy. (精神的 is rarely used with simple positive emotion adjectives like 嬉しい).

❌ 精神的なお腹が痛い。
⭕ ストレスでお腹が痛い。

My stomach hurts from stress. (Don't use 精神的 directly to describe physical pain, use stress as the cause).

To truly master 精神的, it is highly beneficial to understand its synonyms and related terms, as Japanese has a rich vocabulary for describing the inner life. The most direct synonym is 心理的 (shinriteki). As mentioned earlier, 心理的 is more academic and objective, relating to the mechanisms of the mind. You would use 心理的 when discussing 'psychological safety' in a corporate environment (心理的安全性) or a 'psychological barrier' (心理的ハードル). 精神的, by contrast, feels slightly more personal, emotional, or spiritual.

心理的 (shinriteki)
Psychological (academic, objective, relating to mental processes).

それは心理的な錯覚です。

That is a psychological illusion.

Another related word is 内面的 (naimenteki), which translates to 'internal' or 'inner.' While 精神的 contrasts with physical (肉体的), 内面的 contrasts with external or superficial appearance (外見的 - gaikenteki). You would use 内面的 when praising someone's inner beauty or character, rather than their mental health or stress levels. For example, '彼女は内面的に美しい' (She is beautiful on the inside).

内面的 (naimenteki)
Internal, inner (contrasts with outer appearance).

彼の内面的な成長に驚いた。

I was surprised by his inner growth.

In modern, casual Japanese, the English loanword メンタル (mentar) is incredibly popular. It is used almost as a direct replacement for 精神 in many contexts, especially among younger generations and in sports. You will hear phrases like 'メンタルが強い' (strong mental/mentally strong) or 'メンタルがやられた' (my mental state is destroyed/I'm mentally exhausted). While メンタル is a noun, it functions similarly to the concepts covered by 精神的.

メンタル (mentar)
Mental state, mentality (casual, modern, loanword).

最近、メンタルが弱っている。

Lately, my mental state is weak.

感情的（かんじょうてき）にならないでください。

Please don't get emotional. (感情的 is another related word, meaning emotional in a reactive sense).

知性的（ちせいてき）なアプローチが必要です。

An intellectual approach is necessary. (知性的 relates to intellect, not general mental state).

How Formal Is It?

正式

""

难度评级

需要掌握的语法

按水平分级的例句

1

精神的なストレスがあります。

I have mental stress.

精神的 + な + Noun.

2

精神的に疲れました。

I am mentally tired.

精神的 + に + Verb.

3

それは精神的な問題です。

That is a mental problem.

Noun modification with な.

4

精神的なサポートが必要です。

Mental support is necessary.

Using 必要 (necessary) with the noun phrase.

5

彼は精神的に強いです。

He is mentally strong.

Adverbial use modifying an i-adjective (強い).

6

精神的な病気ですか？

Is it a mental illness?

Question sentence with ですか.

7

精神的に元気です。

I am mentally energetic/fine.

Adverbial use modifying a na-adjective (元気).

8

理由は精神的です。

The reason is mental/psychological.

Ending the sentence with the adjective + です.

1

肉体的には元気ですが、精神的には疲れました。

Physically I am fine, but mentally I am tired.

Contrast using には...が、には...

2

仕事のせいで精神的な負担が大きいです。

The mental burden is large because of work.

Using のせいで (because of) and 負担 (burden).

3

彼女は私の精神的な支えです。

She is my emotional support.

支え (support/prop) used metaphorically.

4

精神的にリラックスする時間が必要です。

Time to mentally relax is necessary.

Modifying a loanword verb (リラックスする).

5

このスポーツは精神的な強さが求められます。

This sport requires mental strength.

Passive verb 求められる (is required).

6

精神的なダメージを受けました。

I took mental damage / I was emotionally hurt.

Common collocation: ダメージを受ける.

7

最近、精神的に余裕がありません。

Lately, I have no mental leeway (I'm stressed).

Idiomatic expression: 余裕がない.

8

精神的な健康を大切にしてください。

Please take care of your mental health.

Using 大切にする (to value/take care of).

1

現代社会では、精神的ストレスを抱える人が増えている。

In modern society, the number of people carrying mental stress is increasing.

抱える (to carry/hold) used with stress.

2

彼は精神的なショックから立ち直れないでいる。

He is unable to recover from the psychological shock.

立ち直る (to recover) in negative continuous form.

3

精神的苦痛に対する損害賠償を請求する。

To claim damages for mental anguish.

Legal terminology: 苦痛 (anguish), 損害賠償 (damages).

4

子供の精神的な成長を促す教育が重要だ。

Education that promotes children's mental/spiritual growth is important.

促す (to promote/encourage).

5

肉体労働よりも、人間関係の精神的疲労の方が辛い。

Mental fatigue from human relationships is harder than physical labor.

Comparison using よりも...の方が.

6

彼女は精神的に自立しており、他人に依存しない。

She is mentally independent and does not rely on others.

自立する (to be independent), 依存する (to depend).

7

このプロジェクトの成功は、チームの精神的な結束力にかかっている。

The success of this project depends on the team's mental/spiritual cohesion.

結束力 (cohesion/solidarity), にかかっている (depends on).

8

精神的な壁を乗り越えることが、次のステップへ進む鍵となる。

Overcoming the mental barrier is the key to advancing to the next step.

壁を乗り越える (to overcome a barrier).

1

過酷な労働環境が彼の精神的健康を蝕んでいった。

The harsh working environment gradually undermined his mental health.

蝕む (to undermine/ruin), ていく (gradual change).

2

単なる精神論では、この複雑な問題は解決できない。

This complex problem cannot be solved with mere willpower/spiritual theory.

精神論 (theory of willpower), 単なる (mere).

3

芸術は人々に精神的な充足感を与える重要な役割を担っている。

Art plays an important role in giving people a sense of spiritual fulfillment.

充足感 (sense of fulfillment), 役割を担う (to play a role).

4

彼はチームの精神的支柱として、常にメンバーを鼓舞し続けた。

As the spiritual pillar of the team, he constantly continued to inspire the members.

精神的支柱 (spiritual pillar), 鼓舞する (to inspire/encourage).

5

その事件は地域住民に深刻な精神的トラウマを残した。

The incident left a severe psychological trauma on the local residents.

深刻な (severe), トラウマを残す (to leave trauma).

6

物質的な豊かさだけでなく、精神的な豊かさも追求すべきだ。

We should pursue not only material wealth but also spiritual/mental wealth.

物質的 (material) vs 精神的 (spiritual/mental), 追求する (to pursue).

7

被告は犯行当時、精神神弱の状態にあったと主張している。

The defendant claims to have been in a state of diminished mental capacity at the time of the crime.

心神耗弱 (diminished capacity - related legal concept), 主張する (to claim).

8

異文化理解には、自身の精神的な枠組みを一度取り払う必要がある。

For cross-cultural understanding, it is necessary to temporarily dismantle one's own mental framework.

枠組み (framework), 取り払う (to dismantle/remove).

1

近代化の過程で、日本人は特有の精神的風土を形成してきた。

In the process of modernization, the Japanese have formed a unique spiritual/cultural ethos.

精神的風土 (spiritual climate/ethos), 形成する (to form).

2

彼の文学作品は、現代人の精神的飢餓感を鋭く描き出している。

His literary works sharply depict the spiritual starvation of modern people.

精神的飢餓感 (sense of spiritual starvation), 鋭く描き出す (to depict sharply).

3

企業理念の浸透には、従業員の精神的共鳴が不可欠である。

For corporate philosophy to permeate, the spiritual/mental resonance of the employees is indispensable.

精神的共鳴 (spiritual resonance), 不可欠 (indispensable).

4

その政策は、国民の精神的自立を阻害する恐れがあるとの批判を浴びた。

The policy faced criticism that it might hinder the mental/spiritual independence of the citizens.

阻害する (to hinder), 恐れがある (there is a fear/risk that).

5

物質至上主義の限界が露呈する中、精神的価値の再評価が進んでいる。

As the limits of materialism are exposed, the re-evaluation of spiritual/mental values is progressing.

物質至上主義 (materialism), 露呈する (to be exposed).

6

彼女の演奏は、技術的な完璧さを超えた精神的な高みに達していた。

Her performance reached a spiritual height that transcended technical perfection.

精神的な高み (spiritual height), 超える (to transcend).

7

長期にわたる隔離生活は、被収容者に回復困難な精神的荒廃をもたらした。

The prolonged isolation brought about irrecoverable mental devastation to the inmates.

精神的荒廃 (mental devastation), もたらす (to bring about).

8

リーダーには、組織の危機においてメンバーを導く精神的強靭さが求められる。

Leaders are required to have the mental fortitude to guide members during organizational crises.

精神的強靭さ (mental fortitude/toughness).

1

その哲学者は、言語が人間の精神的構造をいかに規定するかを論じた。

The philosopher argued how language prescribes the mental structure of human beings.

精神的構造 (mental structure), 規定する (to prescribe/determine).

2

伝統芸能の継承は、単なる型の模倣ではなく、その根底にある精神的髄の体得である。

The succession of traditional performing arts is not mere imitation of forms, but the realization of the spiritual essence at its foundation.

精神的髄 (spiritual essence), 体得 (realization/mastery).

3

高度資本主義社会における自己疎外は、深刻な精神的病理を生み出している。

Self-alienation in advanced capitalist societies is engendering severe psychological pathologies.

自己疎外 (self-alienation), 精神的病理 (psychological pathology).

4

彼の行動は、敗北を認めたくないがゆえの精神的勝利法に過ぎない。

His behavior is nothing more than a method of mental victory (sour grapes) because he doesn't want to admit defeat.

精神的勝利法 (method of mental victory/Ah Q mentality), に過ぎない (nothing more than).

5

宗教的儀式は、共同体の精神的紐帯を強化する社会的機能を有している。

Religious rituals possess the social function of strengthening the spiritual bonds of a community.

精神的紐帯 (spiritual bonds/ties), 有する (to possess).

6

AIの進化により、人間の精神的営為の独自性が根本から問われようとしている。

With the evolution of AI, the uniqueness of human mental/spiritual endeavors is about to be questioned from the ground up.

精神的営為 (mental/spiritual endeavors), 根本から問われる (questioned from the foundation).

7

その歴史的建造物は、民族の精神的象徴として未来永劫保存されるべきである。

That historical edifice should be preserved for all eternity as the spiritual symbol of the ethnic group.

精神的象徴 (spiritual symbol), 未来永劫 (for all eternity).

8

著者は、近代合理主義が切り捨てた精神的暗部を、文学という手法で照射した。

The author illuminated the spiritual dark side that modern rationalism discarded, using the method of literature.

精神的暗部 (spiritual dark side), 照射する (to illuminate).

常见搭配

精神的ストレス
精神的苦痛
精神的疲労
精神的支柱
精神的ダメージ
精神的負担
精神的健康
精神的余裕
精神的自立
精神的成長

常用短语

精神的に疲れる

精神的に追い詰められる

精神的にタフだ

精神的な支えになる

精神的に成長する

精神的な病

精神的なショックを受ける

精神的に余裕がない

精神的に不安定になる

精神的な繋がり

容易混淆的词

精神的 vs 心理的 (shinriteki - psychological/academic)

精神的 vs 感情的 (kanjouteki - emotional/reactive)

精神的 vs 内面的 (naimenteki - internal/inner character)

习语与表达

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

容易混淆

精神的 vs

精神的 vs

精神的 vs

精神的 vs

精神的 vs

句型

如何使用

nuance

Carries a slightly formal, objective, or profound tone compared to simple emotion words.

colloquialisms

Often replaced by 'メンタル' in modern slang.

cultural sensitivity

Be cautious when discussing mental illness (精神疾患) directly; use respectful terminology.

常见错误
  • Omitting the 'な' when modifying a noun (e.g., saying 精神的問題 instead of 精神的な問題 in conversation).
  • Using 精神的 instead of 心理的 when talking about the academic science of psychology.
  • Using 精神的 to describe a temporary, trivial bad mood (should use 気分).
  • Saying 精神的です directly after a verb without nominalizing it (e.g., 疲れる精神的です is wrong; 精神的に疲れました is correct).
  • Confusing it with 神経質 (shinkeishitsu), which means 'nervous' or 'highly strung' as a personality trait, not a general mental state.

小贴士

Don't forget the particle

Always remember that 精神的 is a na-adjective. You must use 'な' before nouns and 'に' before verbs. Forgetting this is a dead giveaway of a non-native speaker.

Pair with stress

The most common collocation you will use in daily life is 精神的なストレス (mental stress). Memorize this phrase as a single chunk.

Contrast with the physical

To sound very natural, use the pattern '肉体的には〜が、精神的には〜' (Physically..., but mentally...). It shows high-level sentence structuring.

Avoid for trivial things

Don't use 精神的 for minor annoyances like spilling coffee. Save it for significant life events, work stress, or deep emotional states.

Use 'Mental' casually

If you are hanging out with friends, saying '精神的に疲れた' might sound a bit stiff. Try 'メンタルやられた' (My mental state got destroyed) for a more native, casual feel.

Look for compound words

In newspapers, look for compound words where the 'な' is dropped, like 精神的疲労 (mental fatigue) or 精神的苦痛 (mental anguish).

Listen to sports interviews

Japanese athletes almost always mention their mental state in post-match interviews. Listen for 精神的 or メンタル in these contexts.

Great for essays

If you are taking the JLPT or writing an essay, using 精神的 to discuss modern societal problems will instantly elevate your writing score.

Understand Seishin-ron

Be aware of 'Seishin-ron' (willpower theory). Understanding this cultural concept will help you grasp why mental toughness is so heavily emphasized in Japan.

Medical contexts

If you need to visit a doctor for stress or depression, look for a 精神科 (Psychiatry clinic) or 心療内科 (Psychosomatic medicine clinic).

记住它

记忆技巧

Imagine a 'Saying' (sei) 'Shin' (shin) guard protecting your 'Tech' (teki) brain. It protects your MENTAL state.

词源

Sino-Japanese (Kango)

文化背景

'Seishinteki kutsu' (mental anguish) is the standard term in civil lawsuits for emotional distress.

Coaches often emphasize 'seishin-ryoku' (mental strength) as much as physical training.

Mental health leaves (精神疾患による休職) are a major topic in Japanese HR.

在生活中练习

真实语境

对话开场白

"最近、精神的に疲れていませんか？ (Are you mentally tired lately?)"

"肉体労働と精神労働、どちらが大変だと思いますか？ (Which do you think is harder, physical labor or mental labor?)"

"精神的なストレスを解消する方法は何ですか？ (What is your method for relieving mental stress?)"

"スポーツにおいて精神的な強さはどれくらい重要ですか？ (How important is mental strength in sports?)"

"精神的な支えになっている人はいますか？ (Do you have someone who is your emotional support?)"

日记主题

Describe a time when you felt mentally exhausted (精神的に疲れた). What caused it?

Write about someone you consider mentally strong (精神的に強い). Why do you think so?

Compare physical pain and mental pain (肉体的な痛みと精神的な痛み).

How do you maintain your mental health (精神的健康) during busy periods?

Discuss the role of mental support (精神的なサポート) in achieving a difficult goal.

常见问题

10 个问题

精神的 (seishinteki) refers broadly to the mind, spirit, and emotions, often contrasting with the physical body. It's used for mental stress, strength, and health. 心理的 (shinriteki) is more academic and objective, referring specifically to the science of psychology and mental mechanisms, like cognitive biases or psychological safety.

No, 精神的 is too strong and formal for a simple bad mood. For temporary moods, use 気分が悪い (kibun ga warui) or 機嫌が悪い (kigen ga warui). 精神的 implies a deeper or more prolonged mental state.

Yes, if you are modifying a noun directly in a standard sentence (e.g., 精神的な問題). The only exception is in highly compressed compound nouns, like 精神的苦痛 (mental anguish), which are treated as a single word, mostly in formal or legal writing.

Change the 'な' to 'に'. For example, 精神的に疲れた (mentally tired) or 精神的に成長する (to grow mentally).

Yes, very frequently. Coaches and commentators talk about 精神的な強さ (mental strength) or 精神力 (mental power) as key factors in winning.

The most common and direct opposite is 肉体的 (nikutaiteki), which means 'physical' or 'bodily'. You will often see them used together in contrast.

Yes, depending on the context. In discussions of traditional arts, religion, or philosophy, it can translate to 'spiritual'. However, in daily conversation, 'mental' or 'psychological' is the more common translation.

精神論 (seishin-ron) is the theory or mindset that willpower and spirit can overcome any obstacle, including physical limitations. It is often used critically today to describe toxic work environments that ignore practical solutions.

In casual conversation, especially among younger people, 'メンタル' is perfectly fine and very common (e.g., メンタルが強い). However, in formal writing, business, or news, 精神的 is required.

It is pronounced 'sei-shin-teki'. It has a 'Heiban' (flat) pitch accent, meaning it starts low on 'se', goes high on 'i', and stays high for the rest of the word.

自我测试 180 个问题

/ 180 correct

Perfect score!

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