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ただし

B1 conjunction #1,200 最常用 11分钟阅读

ただし

前1,200

At the A1 level, you usually learn simple ways to connect ideas like 'and' (to) or 'but' (demo). 'Tadashi' is a bit advanced for this level, but you can think of it as a special kind of 'but' that you see on signs. When you see 'Tadashi' on a sign in Japan, it means 'Wait! There is a rule.' For example, if a sign says 'Free Wi-Fi,' and then 'Tadashi,' it might mean you can only use it for 30 minutes. At this stage, just recognize that it introduces a rule or a condition. You don't need to use it in your own speaking yet, but noticing it on posters or in stores will help you understand the 'fine print' of Japanese life. It always comes at the start of a sentence and is followed by a comma. It's like a yellow traffic light—it tells you to slow down and read the next part carefully because it contains an important restriction.

At the A2 level, you are starting to use more formal Japanese and reading longer texts. 'Tadashi' becomes useful when you want to explain rules or give instructions. Instead of just saying 'demo' for everything, you can use 'Tadashi' when you want to say 'but there is one condition.' For example, if you are planning a party with friends, you could say, 'Everyone can come. Tadashi, please bring your own drinks.' This sounds more organized and clear than using 'demo.' You will also see this word frequently in JLPT N4 level reading passages, especially those involving announcements or advertisements. Remember that 'Tadashi' is used to add a 'proviso'—a specific detail that limits the first sentence. It's very common in recipes: 'You can use milk. Tadashi, soy milk is also okay.' Practice looking for it in public notices at train stations or in supermarkets.

At the B1 level (Intermediate), 'Tadashi' is a key conjunction for achieving natural and precise Japanese. You should be able to distinguish it from 'shikashi' and 'demo.' While 'shikashi' shows a general contrast, 'Tadashi' is specifically for adding conditions or exceptions. This is the level where you start writing more formal emails or reports. If you are writing a business email and want to offer a discount but only for a limited time, 'Tadashi' is the perfect word to use. It shows that you have a professional command of the language. You should also be aware of its role in 'Tadashigaki' (proviso clauses). In B1 level listening, 'Tadashi' often signals the 'correct' answer in multiple-choice questions—the speaker will make a general statement, then use 'Tadashi' to give the specific detail that is actually the focus of the question. Mastering this word helps you move from 'simple communication' to 'precise communication.'

At the B2 level, you should use 'Tadashi' with confidence in both written and spoken contexts. You should understand its nuances compared to 'motto mo' (which is more of an afterthought) and 'nao' (which is purely additive). At this level, you might encounter 'Tadashi' in more complex legal or academic texts. It is used to define the scope of a theory or the limits of a law. You should also be able to use it to manage expectations in a professional setting. For example, when presenting a project plan, you might say, 'We can finish by Friday. Tadashi, that assumes the data arrives today.' This use of 'Tadashi' as a logical 'if' is very common. You should also be comfortable with the kanji version '但し,' although hiragana remains common. Practice using it to refine your arguments in essays, ensuring that you account for exceptions to your main points. This demonstrates a high level of logical thinking in Japanese.

At the C1 level, 'Tadashi' is understood as a fundamental part of Japanese rhetorical structure. You will see it used in sophisticated literature and high-level journalism to provide nuance and precision. At this stage, you should analyze how 'Tadashi' is used to balance 'Tatemae' (public face) and 'Honne' (true intent) or general rules and practical reality. In legal Japanese, the 'Tadashigaki' is a critical area of study; understanding how provisos can completely change the application of a law is essential for professional fluency. You should also be able to use 'Tadashi' in high-stakes negotiations to set clear boundaries without sounding aggressive. It allows for a 'Yes, but...' approach that is culturally appropriate in Japanese business. Furthermore, you should be able to distinguish 'Tadashi' from 'Tada' (informal) and 'Motto mo' in subtle ways, choosing the one that perfectly fits the register and the logical weight of the condition you are introducing.

At the C2 level, your mastery of 'Tadashi' involves an intuitive grasp of its historical and stylistic functions. You understand its roots in the 'Kanbun-kunitai' (Sino-Japanese hybrid style) and how it has evolved into a staple of modern bureaucratic and legal prose. You can use it to create complex, multi-layered arguments where conditions and exceptions are woven seamlessly into the discourse. At this level, you might also appreciate the rhythmic role 'Tadashi' plays in formal speeches, providing a necessary pause and a shift in focus that keeps the audience engaged and informed. You are capable of identifying when a writer uses 'Tadashi' ironically or to create a specific rhetorical effect, such as emphasizing the absurdity of a rule by highlighting its many exceptions. Your use of the word is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker, reflecting a deep understanding of Japanese logic, law, and social hierarchy.

开始练习例句笔记与提示

ただし 30秒了解

A formal conjunction used to introduce conditions, exceptions, or specific requirements to a previous statement.
Commonly found in contracts, signs, and instructions to clarify the 'fine print' or rules.
Differentiated from 'demo' by its focus on restrictive conditions rather than simple emotional contrast.
Always starts a new sentence or follows a period, usually followed by a comma in writing.

The Japanese conjunction ただし (Tadashi) is a sophisticated linguistic tool primarily used to introduce a condition, an exception, or a supplementary explanation to a statement that has just been made. In the landscape of Japanese grammar, it functions as a 'proviso' marker. Imagine you are presenting a general rule or a generous offer; ただし acts as the fine print that clarifies the boundaries of that rule. It is most commonly translated into English as 'however,' 'but,' 'provided that,' or 'on the condition that.' Unlike the simple contradiction found in 'demo' (but), ただし does not necessarily negate the previous sentence but rather refines it by adding specific constraints.

Grammatical Function: It is a conjunction that typically appears at the beginning of a new sentence to qualify the preceding sentence. It creates a logical bridge where the first part is the 'general case' and the second part is the 'specific requirement'.
Formality Level: It sits in the mid-to-high formality range. While you might hear it in polite daily conversation, it is a staple of written Japanese, particularly in contracts, instruction manuals, and public notices.

この公園は誰でも利用できます。ただし、夜間は閉鎖されます。(Anyone can use this park. However, it is closed at night.)

In social contexts, using ただし shows a level of precision and consideration. It prevents misunderstandings by being explicit about limitations. For instance, if a friend invites you to a party and says, 'You can bring anyone,' they might add, 'Tadashi, let me know the number of people by tomorrow.' This ensures the 'general permission' is balanced with 'practical necessity.' In business, it is indispensable for defining the scope of services. If a company offers free shipping, they will almost certainly use ただし to specify that this only applies to domestic orders or orders over a certain amount.

明日のイベントは雨天決行です。ただし、台風の場合は中止します。(Tomorrow's event will be held even if it rains. However, in the case of a typhoon, it will be canceled.)

Historically, the word is related to the adjective 'tadashii' (correct/right), implying that the condition being added is what makes the overall statement 'correct' or 'complete.' By providing the exception, the speaker is ensuring the information is accurate and not misleading. This nuance of 'correcting' or 'completing' the information is why it feels more formal and reliable than 'shikashi' or 'demo.' In legal texts, the clause starting with ただし is actually called a 'tadashigaki' (proviso clause), highlighting its structural importance in Japanese law and bureaucracy.

Common Scenarios: 1. Store sales: 'Everything 50% off. However (Tadashi), new arrivals are excluded.' 2. Travel plans: 'We will go to Kyoto. However (Tadashi), we must leave by 6 AM.' 3. Job listings: 'No experience required. However (Tadashi), basic computer skills are necessary.'

写真は自由に撮ってもいいです。ただし、フラッシュは使わないでください。(You are free to take photos. However, please do not use a flash.)

Using ただし (Tadashi) correctly requires an understanding of sentence structure and logical flow. It almost always starts a new sentence or follows a full stop (period) in written text. Its primary role is to act as a pivot point between a general statement and a specific restriction. Unlike English where 'but' can often be used mid-sentence with a comma, ただし prefers to stand at the head of its own clause to give the condition proper weight.

Sentence Pattern: [General Statement]。ただし、[Specific Condition/Exception]。

When constructing sentences with ただし, the second part must directly relate to the first part by limiting its scope. If the second part is a completely different topic or a simple contradiction that doesn't set a condition, words like 'shikashi' or 'demo' are more appropriate. For example, 'I like apples. However, I don't like oranges' would use 'shikashi.' But 'I like all fruits. However, I only eat them in the morning' is a perfect candidate for ただし.

参加費は無料です。ただし、事前の申し込みが必要です。(The participation fee is free. However, prior registration is required.)

In more complex sentences, ただし can be used to introduce a 'proviso' that is essential for the validity of the first statement. This is very common in academic writing and formal explanations. It allows the writer to make a bold claim while maintaining intellectual honesty by immediately noting the exceptions. In spoken Japanese, you might pause slightly after saying ただし to signal that the 'catch' is coming.

誰でも応募できます。ただし、日本国内に住んでいる人に限ります。(Anyone can apply. However, it is limited to people living in Japan.)

Another nuance is that ただし often implies that the condition is a requirement for the first part to happen. It creates a 'if and only if' vibe in certain contexts. For instance, 'You can borrow my car. However, you must fill the tank.' Here, the permission is contingent on the action. If you use 'demo' here, it sounds like a simple contrast ('I'll lend it to you, but it's dirty'), whereas ただし sounds like a rule ('I'll lend it to you, provided you do this').

Comparison with 'Motto mo': 'Motto mo' is very similar but often used to add a personal afterthought or a slight correction to one's own previous statement. 'Tadashi' is more objective and rule-oriented.

全商品１０％引きです。ただし、セール品は除きます。(All items are 10% off. However, sale items are excluded.)

You will encounter ただし (Tadashi) in a variety of real-world settings in Japan, ranging from the mundane to the highly official. One of the most common places is in retail and commerce. If you walk through a Japanese department store during a seasonal sale, you will see signs everywhere using ただし. It is the standard way to list exclusions for coupons, points programs, and discounts. For example, a sign might say 'Earn double points on all purchases. Tadashi, food items are excluded.'

Public Announcements: Train stations and airports use it frequently. 'The express train stops at this station. However (Tadashi), it only stops during morning rush hour.' This helps manage passenger expectations efficiently.

In the digital world, ただし is a fixture of Terms of Service (TOS) pages and app descriptions. When an app says 'Free to download,' there is almost always a ただし following it, explaining that 'in-app purchases apply.' It is the linguistic gatekeeper of the 'catch.' If you are reading a recipe on a site like Cookpad, the author might say, 'You can use sugar instead of honey. Tadashi, the flavor will be slightly different.' This provides a helpful warning to the cook.

このクーポンは併用可能です。ただし、お一人様一枚に限ります。(This coupon can be used with others. However, it is limited to one per person.)

In professional environments, during meetings or presentations, a speaker might use ただし to qualify a data point or a proposal. 'Our sales increased by 20%. Tadashi, this includes the one-time revenue from the merger.' This demonstrates transparency and attention to detail, which are highly valued in Japanese corporate culture. It shows that the speaker is not trying to hide the 'fine print' but is presenting a complete picture.

Wi-Fiは無料で使えます。ただし、一回３０分までです。(Wi-Fi is free to use. However, it is limited to 30 minutes per session.)

Finally, in education, teachers use ただし to set rules for assignments or exams. 'You may use a dictionary during the test. Tadashi, electronic dictionaries are not allowed.' It provides a clear boundary for students. In textbooks, it is used to explain exceptions to grammar rules or scientific principles, making it a key word for anyone studying advanced Japanese or academic subjects in Japan.

Legal and Official Documents: In Japanese law, the 'Tadashigaki' is a formal term for a proviso. If you look at any Japanese law or contract, you will see 'Tadashi' used to define the limits of a legal right or obligation.

返品は受け付けます。ただし、未開封のものに限ります。(Returns are accepted. However, they are limited to unopened items.)

While ただし (Tadashi) is a powerful word, it is frequently misused by learners who treat it as a direct synonym for 'demo' (but) or 'shikashi' (however). The most significant mistake is using ただし to express a simple emotional or logical contrast that doesn't involve a condition or exception. For example, saying 'I like sushi. Tadashi, I don't like wasabi' sounds very strange and overly formal, as if not liking wasabi is a legal condition of your liking sushi.

Mistake 1: Simple Contrast: Using 'Tadashi' when 'Demo' or 'Shikashi' is needed. 'Tadashi' requires the second sentence to limit or define the first. If you are just saying something different, don't use it.

Another common error is the placement of the word. Some learners try to use it in the middle of a sentence like the English 'but' (e.g., 'A, tadashi B'). In Japanese, while it can occasionally appear after a comma in very formal writing, it is much more natural and common to start a new sentence with it. Using it mid-sentence in casual speech can make your Japanese sound clunky and 'translated' rather than natural.

❌ 私は泳げます、ただし海は怖いです。
✅ 私は泳げます。ただし、海は怖いです。(Wait, even this is slightly odd. 'Shikashi' is better here unless the fear of the sea is a condition for your swimming.)

A third mistake is overusing it in casual conversation. Because ただし has a formal, 'written' feel, using it too much with friends can make you sound like a lawyer or a textbook. In casual settings, 'demo' or 'dakedo' are much more appropriate. Use ただし when you want to be precise, such as when giving directions or explaining a plan, but avoid it for everyday emotional expressions.

Confusing ただし with もっとも (motto mo) is also common at higher levels. While both add conditions, もっとも is often used to 'soften' a previous statement or add a personal clarification ('...though, I suppose...'). ただし is more objective and rigid. If you are stating a rule, use ただし. If you are adding a 'by the way, I should mention' type of correction, もっとも might be better.

Mistake 2: Forgetting the Comma: In written Japanese, failing to put a comma after 'Tadashi' is a stylistic error. It makes the sentence harder to read and breaks the expected rhythm of the proviso.

❌ 誰でも入れますただし靴を脱いでください。
✅ 誰でも入れます。ただし、靴を脱いでください。

Lastly, learners sometimes confuse ただし with ただ (tada). While ただ can also mean 'but/however' in a similar way, it is much more informal and often used to express a small complaint or a minor 'but.' ただし is the heavy-duty version for serious conditions. Using ただ in a contract would be too casual, and using ただし when complaining about a small detail in a movie might be too formal.

Understanding ただし (Tadashi) requires comparing it to other Japanese conjunctions that express contrast or conditions. Each has a specific 'flavor' and use case. Choosing the right one depends on the formality of the situation and the logical relationship between your ideas.

しかし (Shikashi): This is the standard 'however.' It is used for general contrast. Unlike 'Tadashi,' it doesn't necessarily introduce a condition; it just shows that the next statement is opposite or different. Use 'Shikashi' for 'I thought it would rain, but it was sunny.'
でも (Demo): The most common and casual 'but.' It's used in daily conversation for almost any kind of contrast. It lacks the 'proviso' nuance of 'Tadashi' and the formal weight of 'Shikashi.'
もっとも (Motto mo): Used to add a qualification or a partial correction to what you just said. It often translates to 'mind you' or 'though.' It's more subjective than 'Tadashi.' Example: 'He is a great doctor. Though (motto mo), he is a bit grumpy.'

Comparison:
1. 買います。でも高いです。(I'll buy it. But it's expensive - Casual contrast)
2. 買います。ただし、安ければ。(I'll buy it. Provided that it's cheap - Condition)

Another important alternative is なお (Nao). While ただし adds a condition that might restrict the first statement, なお adds supplementary information that is 'furthermore' or 'in addition.' If the second sentence is just 'more info' without being a 'restriction,' use なお. In many formal notices, you will see both: ただし for the rules and なお for the extra details.

For very formal or legal contexts, you might see 但し (the kanji version). While usually written in hiragana, the kanji version reinforces its roots in classical Japanese and legal terminology. Another similar formal word is ただし書き (tadashigaki), which is a noun referring to the proviso itself. If someone says 'Tadashigaki ga tsuite iru' (There is a proviso attached), they mean there are strings attached to the deal.

ただ (Tada): A more casual, slightly softer version of 'Tadashi.' It often introduces a minor drawback or a small 'but.' 'It's a great car. Just (tada), the color is a bit weird.'

この本は貸せます。ただし、一週間以内に返してください。(I can lend you this book. However, please return it within a week.)

Finally, in academic or logical discussions, 条件として (jouken to shite - as a condition) can be used to explicitly state a requirement. While ただし is a conjunction, 条件として is a phrase. Using ただし is usually more natural for linking sentences, whereas 条件として is used when you want to highlight the word 'condition' itself.

How Formal Is It?

正式

中性

非正式

Child friendly

俚语

趣味小知识

In ancient legal texts, 'Tadashi' was used to ensure that laws were not applied too broadly, acting as a linguistic 'safety valve' for justice.

发音指南

UK /tɑːdɑːʃi/

US /tɑdɑʃi/

Japanese is a pitch-accent language. In 'tadashi', the pitch usually starts low on 'ta' and rises on 'da' and 'shi' (Low-High-High).

押韵词

Watashi (I/me) Atarashi (New - stem) Sukoshi (A little) Tanoshi (Fun - stem) Higashi (East) Kanashi (Sad - stem) Okashi (Sweets) Arashi (Storm)

常见错误

Pronouncing 'shi' as 'si' (it should always be a soft 'sh' sound).
Putting an English-style stress on the middle syllable 'DA'.
Elongating the final 'i' too much (it should be short).
Pronouncing 'ta' like 'tuh' (it should be a clear 'ah' sound).
Missing the slight rise in pitch.

难度评级

阅读 3/5

Easy to recognize in text, but requires understanding the logic of the proviso.

写作 4/5

Requires knowing when to use it over 'demo' or 'shikashi' to sound natural.

口语 4/5

Used in formal or instructional speech; rare in casual chat.

听力 3/5

Key word to listen for in announcements and instructions.

接下来学什么

前置知识

でも (But) しかし (However) 条件 (Condition) ルール (Rule) 例外 (Exception)

接下来学习

なお (Furthermore) もっとも (Though) したがって (Therefore) ゆえに (Consequently) あるいは (Or)

高级

但し書き (Proviso) 附則 (Supplementary provisions) 免責事項 (Disclaimer) 特約 (Special agreement) 除外規定 (Exclusion clause)

需要掌握的语法

Conjunctions starting a sentence

だから、しかし、ただし

Conditional clauses (~ba, ~tara)

安ければ買います。

Limiting particles (dake, nomi, kagiri)

今日に限ります。

Exclusion patterns (~wo nozoku)

日曜を除きます。

Formal ending ~to suru

無料とする。

按水平分级的例句

このペンは使ってもいいです。ただし、返してください。

You can use this pen. However, please return it.

Simple condition using 'Tadashi' at the start of the second sentence.

コーヒーは無料です。ただし、一人一杯です。

Coffee is free. However, it's one cup per person.

Using 'Tadashi' to limit a free offer.

明日は休みです。ただし、宿題があります。

Tomorrow is a holiday. However, there is homework.

Adding a 'catch' to a positive statement.

公園で遊べます。ただし、夜はダメです。

You can play in the park. However, not at night.

Time-based restriction using 'Tadashi'.

写真はいいです。ただし、フラッシュはダメです。

Photos are okay. However, no flash.

Specific technical restriction.

バスは来ます。ただし、少し遅れます。

The bus is coming. However, it will be a little late.

Qualifying a statement about the future.

中に入れます。ただし、靴を脱いでください。

You can go inside. However, please take off your shoes.

Manner-based condition.

名前を書いてください。ただし、ペンで書いてください。

Please write your name. However, please use a pen.

Instrument-based restriction.

誰でも参加できます。ただし、予約が必要です。

Anyone can participate. However, a reservation is required.

Formal condition for participation.

この料理は美味しいです。ただし、とても辛いです。

This dish is delicious. However, it is very spicy.

Warning about a specific quality.

Wi-Fiは使えます。ただし、パスワードが必要です。

Wi-Fi is available. However, a password is required.

Access condition.

カードで払えます。ただし、一万円以上からです。

You can pay by card. However, only for amounts over 10,000 yen.

Financial threshold condition.

日曜日は開いています。ただし、午前中だけです。

It is open on Sundays. However, only in the morning.

Time-limited availability.

この本は借りられます。ただし、二週間までです。

You can borrow this book. However, for up to two weeks.

Duration restriction.

お酒は飲めます。ただし、二十歳からです。

You can drink alcohol. However, only from age 20.

Legal age restriction.

雨でも行きます。ただし、強い風なら中止です。

We will go even if it rains. However, if there is strong wind, we will cancel.

Conditional cancellation.

全商品が割引対象です。ただし、新作は除きます。

All items are eligible for a discount. However, new arrivals are excluded.

Standard retail exclusion clause.

返品は可能です。ただし、レシートが必要です。

Returns are possible. However, a receipt is required.

Procedural requirement.

駐車場は無料です。ただし、三時間を超えると有料になります。

Parking is free. However, after three hours, there is a fee.

Conditional fee structure.

メールで送ってください。ただし、ファイルサイズに注意してください。

Please send it by email. However, please be careful of the file size.

Instruction with a specific caution.

この薬は効果があります。ただし、副作用が出る場合があります。

This medicine is effective. However, side effects may occur.

Medical disclaimer.

誰でも応募できます。ただし、日本語能力試験N2以上が必要です。

Anyone can apply. However, JLPT N2 or higher is required.

Qualification requirement.

再発行はできます。ただし、手数料がかかります。

Reissuance is possible. However, a handling fee will be charged.

Service condition involving cost.

撮影は許可されています。ただし、三脚の使用は禁止です。

Photography is permitted. However, the use of tripods is prohibited.

Equipment-specific restriction.

基本的には賛成です。ただし、いくつかの修正案があります。

Basically, I agree. However, I have several proposed amendments.

Professional qualification of agreement.

この理論は多くの現象を説明できます。ただし、例外も存在します。

This theory can explain many phenomena. However, exceptions also exist.

Academic qualification of a theory.

契約は更新されます。ただし、条件の見直しが行われる可能性があります。

The contract will be renewed. However, there is a possibility that the terms will be reviewed.

Legal/Business contingency.

彼は非常に優秀な社員です。ただし、チームワークには課題があります。

He is an extremely talented employee. However, he has issues with teamwork.

Performance review qualification.

この地域は治安が良いです。ただし、夜の一人歩きは避けるべきです。

This area is safe. However, walking alone at night should be avoided.

Safety advice with a specific exception.

輸出は可能です。ただし、相手国の規制に従う必要があります。

Export is possible. However, it is necessary to comply with the regulations of the destination country.

Regulatory compliance condition.

このソフトは無料で使えます。ただし、商用利用の場合は有料です。

This software can be used for free. However, for commercial use, there is a fee.

Licensing restriction.

計画は順調に進んでいます。ただし、予算の不足が懸念されます。

The plan is progressing smoothly. However, there are concerns about a lack of budget.

Project status qualification.

憲法は表現の自由を保障している。ただし、公共の福祉に反しない限りにおいてである。

The Constitution guarantees freedom of expression. However, only insofar as it does not conflict with public welfare.

High-level legal proviso.

この手術の成功率は高い。ただし、合併症のリスクを完全に排除することはできない。

The success rate of this surgery is high. However, the risk of complications cannot be completely eliminated.

Medical professional qualification.

景気は回復基調にあると言える。ただし、個人消費の伸びは依然として鈍い。

It can be said that the economy is on a recovery trend. However, the growth in personal consumption remains sluggish.

Economic analysis with contrasting data.

この作品は高く評価されている。ただし、その難解さゆえに読者を選ぶ側面もある。

This work is highly acclaimed. However, due to its complexity, it also has an aspect of choosing its readers.

Literary criticism with qualification.

政府は増税の方針を固めた。ただし、低所得者への配慮策も同時に検討されている。

The government has solidified its policy for a tax increase. However, measures to consider low-income earners are also being considered simultaneously.

Political policy reporting.

人工知能は飛躍的に進歩した。ただし、倫理的な課題が山積みとなっている。

Artificial intelligence has advanced dramatically. However, ethical issues are piling up.

Technological commentary.

この投資案件は魅力的だ。ただし、為替変動による元本割れのリスクを忘れてはならない。

This investment project is attractive. However, one must not forget the risk of losing principal due to exchange rate fluctuations.

Financial advisory qualification.

伝統を守ることは重要である。ただし、時代の変化に合わせた柔軟な対応も不可欠だ。

Protecting tradition is important. However, flexible responses adapted to the changes of the times are also essential.

Philosophical/Social commentary.

本条項はすべての契約者に適用される。但し、書面による特約がある場合はこの限りではない。

This clause applies to all contractors. However, this shall not apply if there is a special agreement in writing.

Archaic/Formal legal phrasing (using 但し and この限りではない).

科学的真理は客観的である。ただし、観測者の視点によってその解釈が分かれることは否定できない。

Scientific truth is objective. However, it cannot be denied that its interpretation varies depending on the observer's perspective.

Epistemological qualification.

グローバル化は経済発展を促した。ただし、格差の拡大という深刻な副作用をもたらしたことも事実である。

Globalization promoted economic development. However, it is also a fact that it brought about serious side effects such as the widening of inequality.

Sociopolitical critique.

民主主義は最良の政治形態とされる。ただし、それが衆愚政治に陥る危険性を常に孕んでいることを忘れてはならない。

Democracy is considered the best form of government. However, we must not forget that it always carries the risk of falling into ochlocracy (mob rule).

Political philosophy.

このシステムは完璧に近い。ただし、未知の脆弱性が存在する可能性をゼロにすることは理論上不可能である。

This system is close to perfect. However, it is theoretically impossible to zero out the possibility of unknown vulnerabilities.

Cybersecurity/Engineering qualification.

言語は文化を反映する。ただし、言語そのものが思考を規定するというサピア＝ウォーフの仮説には慎重な検討が必要だ。

Language reflects culture. However, the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis that language itself determines thought requires careful consideration.

Linguistic academic discourse.

歴史は勝者によって語られる。ただし、敗者の沈黙の中にこそ真実が隠されている場合も少なくない。

History is told by the winners. However, it is not uncommon for the truth to be hidden within the silence of the losers.

Historiographical commentary.

芸術は自由であるべきだ。ただし、他者の尊厳を著しく傷つける表現については、倫理的議論を避けて通ることはできない。

Art should be free. However, regarding expressions that significantly harm the dignity of others, ethical debate cannot be avoided.

Aesthetic/Ethical discourse.

常见搭配

ただし、〜に限る

ただし、〜の場合は除く

ただし、〜が必要だ

ただし、〜ではない

ただし、〜という条件で

ただし、〜に注意

ただし、〜は別だ

ただし、〜のみ

ただし、〜とする

ただし、〜に限られる

常用短语

ただし書き

ただし、例外あり

ただし、一回限り

ただし、先着順

ただし、本人のみ

ただし、雨天中止

ただし、有料

ただし、要相談

ただし、未開封に限る

ただし、自己責任で

容易混淆的词

ただし vs しかし (Shikashi)

Shikashi is for general contrast; Tadashi is for specific conditions.

ただし vs もっとも (Motto mo)

Motto mo is an afterthought or slight correction; Tadashi is a rigid rule.

ただし vs なお (Nao)

Nao adds extra info; Tadashi adds a restriction.

习语与表达

"ただし書きがつく"

To have conditions or strings attached. Used when an offer isn't as simple as it seems.

彼の申し出にはただし書きがついている。

Neutral

"ただし書きの人生"

A life full of restrictions or 'buts'. (Metaphorical)

私の人生はいつもただし書きばかりだ。

Literary

"ただし、話は別だ"

However, that's a different story. Used when a specific condition changes everything.

嘘をついたのなら、ただし、話は別だ。

Neutral

"ただし、それも時と場合による"

However, that also depends on the time and situation.

自由は大切だ。ただし、それも時と場合による。

Formal

"ただし、例外を認めない"

However, no exceptions are allowed. A very strict stance.

締め切りは明日だ。ただし、例外を認めない。

Formal

"ただし、一筋縄ではいかない"

However, it won't be easy/straightforward.

解決は可能です。ただし、一筋縄ではいきません。

Idiomatic

"ただし、念のため"

However, just in case. Adding a precautionary condition.

大丈夫だと思います。ただし、念のため確認してください。

Neutral

"ただし、蓋を開けてみれば"

However, once things actually started/opened (the reality was different).

成功するはずだった。ただし、蓋を開けてみれば大失敗だった。

Idiomatic

"ただし、言うは易く行うは難し"

However, easier said than done.

改革は必要だ。ただし、言うは易く行うは難しだ。

Proverbial

"ただし、後の祭り"

However, it's too late now.

謝れば許した。ただし、今はもう後の祭りだ。

Idiomatic

容易混淆

ただし vs ただ (Tada)

Sounds similar and both mean 'but'.

'Tada' is informal and often means 'just/only' or a minor 'but'. 'Tadashi' is formal and used for important conditions.

ただの友達 (Just a friend) vs ただし、友達に限る (However, limited to friends).

ただし vs 正に (Masani)

Starts with the same sound.

'Masani' means 'exactly' or 'surely'. It has nothing to do with conditions.

正にその通りだ (Exactly right).

ただし vs 正に (Tadashi - name)

Same reading.

'Tadashi' is a very common male given name in Japan (e.g., Tadashi Yanai). Context usually makes it clear.

佐藤ただしさん (Mr. Tadashi Sato).

ただし vs 但し (Kanji)

It's the same word but written differently.

The kanji version is much more formal and usually reserved for legal or very old documents. Hiragana is standard.

但し、〜 (Legal proviso).

ただし vs 正しい (Tadashii)

Related root.

'Tadashii' is an adjective meaning 'correct'. 'Tadashi' is a conjunction.

正しい答え (Correct answer).

句型

[Sentence 1]。ただし、[Sentence 2]。

使ってもいいです。ただし、洗ってください。

〜は自由です。ただし、〜に限ります。

参加は自由です。ただし、学生に限ります。

〜が可能です。ただし、〜が必要です。

返品が可能です。ただし、レシートが必要です。

〜とします。ただし、〜の場合は除きます。

全品半額とします。ただし、酒類は除きます。

〜と言える。ただし、〜という側面もある。

成功と言える。ただし、課題も残るという側面もある。

〜を保障する。ただし、〜に反しない限りにおいてである。

自由を保障する。ただし、法に反しない限りにおいてである。

〜は有効である。ただし、〜を条件とする。

契約は有効である。ただし、支払いを条件とする。

但し、〜はこの限りではない。

但し、緊急時はこの限りではない。

词族

名词

形容词

如何使用

frequency

High in written/formal contexts; Moderate in spoken contexts.

常见错误

Using 'Tadashi' for emotional contrast. → Use 'Demo' or 'Shikashi'.
Tadashi is for logical conditions, not for saying 'I'm sad but I'll smile.'
Omitting the comma in writing. → ただし、〜
The comma is grammatically expected in written Japanese to mark the conjunction.
Using 'Tadashi' in the middle of a sentence. → Start a new sentence.
Tadashi is a sentence-starting conjunction in modern usage.
Confusing 'Tadashi' with 'Tada' (free). → Check the context.
Tada means free of charge; Tadashi means however/provided that.
Overusing it in casual chat. → Use 'Demo' with friends.
Tadashi can sound too formal or 'legalistic' in a relaxed setting.

小贴士

The 'Proviso' Pivot

Think of 'Tadashi' as a pivot point. The first sentence opens a door, and 'Tadashi' tells you how far you can walk through it.

Comma Usage

Always follow 'Tadashi' with a comma in writing. It helps the reader identify the start of the condition immediately.

Setting Boundaries

Use 'Tadashi' when you want to be polite but firm about your conditions. It sounds more objective and less like a personal complaint.

The 'Catch' Signal

In announcements, 'Tadashi' is your cue to listen for the most important part—the restriction that might affect you.

Tadashigaki

Learn the noun 'Tadashigaki' (proviso). It's a great word to use when discussing contracts or rules in a professional way.

Tadashi vs. Shikashi

If you can replace it with 'On the condition that,' use 'Tadashi.' If you can only replace it with 'But,' use 'Shikashi.'

Fine Print

When reading Japanese ads, look for 'ただし' to find the hidden costs or exclusions. It's the key to not being fooled!

Professional Tone

Using 'Tadashi' correctly in a business meeting will significantly boost your perceived level of professionalism.

Ta-da-SHI

Ta-da! (The offer). SHI (The secret rule). This simple mnemonic helps you remember its function as a condition-giver.

Clarity is Kindness

In Japan, being clear about rules with 'Tadashi' is seen as helpful and kind, as it prevents future misunderstandings.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'TA-DA-SHI' as 'TA-DA! (Here is the) SHI (Secret condition)'. The 'Ta-da!' announces the main point, and the 'shi' is the fine print you need to know.

视觉联想

Imagine a large 'FREE' sign with a tiny asterisk (*) at the bottom. The asterisk is 'Tadashi'.

Word Web

Rules Contracts Conditions Exceptions But However Fine Print Restrictions

挑战

Try to write three rules for your own house using 'Tadashi'. For example: 'You can watch TV. Tadashi, finish your homework first.'

词源

The word 'tadashi' originates from the classical Japanese adjective 'tadashii' (correct, upright). In its conjunctive form, it was used to 'correct' or 'rectify' a previous statement by adding necessary conditions.

原始含义： To make correct; to add the necessary truth.

Japonic

文化背景

Using 'Tadashi' too much in a casual friendship can make you sound cold or overly calculating. Use 'demo' for softer, personal contrasts.

In English, we often use 'but' or 'however' for both simple contrast and conditions. 'Tadashi' is more specific than the English 'but'.

The Japanese Constitution (Article 21 has a famous implied proviso). Standard Japanese Rental Contracts (notorious for their 'Tadashigaki'). Instruction manuals for Japanese electronics (Sony, Panasonic).

在生活中练习

真实语境

Retail/Shopping

ただし、セール品は除きます
ただし、お一人様一点限り
ただし、ポイントはつきません
ただし、現金払いに限ります

Public Transportation

ただし、特急券が必要です
ただし、土日は運休です
ただし、一部の駅には止まりません
ただし、振替輸送は行いません

Business/Contracts

ただし、事前の承諾を要する
ただし、期限内に限る
ただし、実費は負担するものとする
ただし、この限りではない

Cooking/Recipes

ただし、焦げやすいので注意
ただし、代用も可能です
ただし、味は変わります
ただし、冷めてから切ってください

Education/School

ただし、辞書は使えません
ただし、遅刻は認めません
ただし、保護者の同意が必要です
ただし、再試験はありません

对话开场白

"「このプランは最高ですね。ただし、予算が心配です。」"

"「誰でも参加していいですよ。ただし、一つだけ条件があります。」"

"「旅行に行きましょう！ただし、朝早く起きられますか？」"

"「このアプリは無料です。ただし、広告が出ますよ。」"

"「美味しいお店を知っています。ただし、すごく並びます。」"

日记主题

Write about a rule in your country that has an interesting 'Tadashi' (exception).

Describe your dream job. What would be the 'Tadashi' (the one condition you'd have)?

Think of a famous movie plot. Can you summarize it using 'Tadashi' to explain the conflict?

Write a list of 'House Rules' for your home using 'Tadashi' for each one.

Reflect on a time you accepted an offer without reading the 'Tadashigaki' (fine print).

常见问题

10 个问题

In modern Japanese, it's best to start a new sentence with 'Tadashi'. While you might see it after a comma in very formal writing, starting a new sentence is much more natural and common.

Not exactly. While 'But' is a general word for contrast, 'Tadashi' is specifically for adding a 'proviso' or a 'condition'. It's like saying 'But only if...' or 'However, there is a rule...'

Usually, yes. The kanji '但し' is mostly used in legal documents or very formal business settings. In daily life, hiragana is the standard way to write it.

Use 'Tadashi' when you are explaining a rule, a restriction, or a requirement. Use 'Demo' for personal feelings or simple contradictions (e.g., 'I'm tired, but I'll go').

It can sound a bit stiff. If you are with close friends, 'tada' or 'demo' is better. Use 'Tadashi' when you want to be very clear about a condition, like when lending money or a car.

It's a noun that means 'proviso clause'. It refers to the part of a text that starts with 'Tadashi'. You'll hear this term often in law or business discussions.

No, that's 'Tada' (無料). While they sound similar, 'Tadashi' is a conjunction and 'Tada' can be an adverb/noun meaning 'free of charge'.

In a formal notice, use 'Tadashi' for the restrictions (the 'don'ts') and 'Nao' for extra helpful information (the 'also's').

Yes, it's a common word in N3 and N2 levels, especially in the reading section where you have to understand rules and announcements.

In written Japanese, yes, it is standard practice to put a comma (、) after 'ただし' to separate it from the rest of the sentence.