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A1 verb #2,500 最常用 8分钟阅读

내려가다

naeryeogada
At the A1 level, '내려가다' is primarily used to describe simple physical movements that you can see. You will learn it in the context of 'going down the stairs' (계단을 내려가요) or 'going down the hill' (언덕을 내려가요). The focus is on the basic present and past tense conjugations. You should understand that it means moving from a high place to a low place. It is often taught alongside its opposite, '올라가다' (to go up). At this stage, don't worry about complex economic meanings; just focus on your feet moving downward. You will also learn the basic distinction between '내려가다' (going away) and '내려오다' (coming toward).
At the A2 level, the usage of '내려가다' expands to include common environmental changes. You will use it to talk about the weather, specifically when the temperature 'goes down' (기온이 내려가요). You will also start using it for prices when shopping (가격이 내려갔어요). Another common A2 context is traveling within Korea; you will learn that going from Seoul to other cities is described as '내려가다'. You will begin to use more complex sentence structures, such as '내려가고 싶어요' (I want to go down) or '내려가야 해요' (I must go down). The focus is on daily life applications and basic modal expressions.
At the B1 level, you start using '내려가다' in more abstract and idiomatic ways. This includes the 'digestion' meaning—describing food 'going down' well or poorly. You will also encounter it in the context of 'passing down' traditions or stories (전해 내려가다). Your grammar will become more sophisticated, using connectors like '내려가는데' (I'm going down, but...) or '내려가니까' (Since I'm going down...). You will also be expected to distinguish between '내려가다' and more formal synonyms like '하락하다' in reading passages. You might use it to describe a trend in a simple graph or chart during a speaking task.
At the B2 level, '내려가다' is used fluently in professional and social contexts. You will understand its use in describing organizational hierarchies (instructions 'going down' to subordinates). You will be comfortable using it in the 'reading down a list' sense (훑어 내려가다). In discussions about society or the economy, you will use it to describe declining rates (출산율이 내려가다 - birth rate goes down) and compare it with more academic terms like '하락' or '저하'. You will also master the use of '내려가다' in complex grammatical constructions involving causative or passive nuances in related words, and you will use it naturally in storytelling to set the scene.
At the C1 level, you will encounter '내려가다' in literature and high-level journalism. It might be used metaphorically to describe a person's descent into a certain state of mind or a decline in social standing. You will understand subtle nuances in prose where '내려가다' might be chosen over other verbs to create a specific spatial or emotional atmosphere. You will also be familiar with historical texts where '내려가다' describes the lineage of kings or the flow of history. Your use of the word will be indistinguishable from a native speaker, including the use of various regional dialects or highly formal speech markers (e.g., 내려가옵니다 in historical dramas).
At the C2 level, you have a complete grasp of '내려가다' including its most obscure and archaic uses. You can analyze the etymological roots of the word and how it has evolved in the Korean language. You can use it in philosophical debates to describe the 'downward' flow of time or entropy. You are capable of using the word in creative writing to evoke deep imagery, perhaps using the contrast between 'up' and 'down' to symbolize power dynamics or spiritual journeys. You understand all technical applications in fields like fluid dynamics or medicine where '내려가다' might be used to describe internal bodily processes with high precision.
开始练习 例句 笔记与提示

내려가다 30秒了解

  • Core meaning: Physical movement from a higher to a lower elevation, moving away from the speaker.
  • Abstract usage: Significant for describing drops in temperature, prices, grades, or economic trends.
  • Geographical nuance: Specifically used when traveling from Seoul (the center) to southern provinces.
  • Health context: Commonly refers to the smooth digestion of food or the lowering of blood pressure.

The Korean verb 내려가다 (naeryeogada) is a compound verb formed by combining the verb 내리다 (to descend or lower) and 가다 (to go). At its most fundamental level, it describes the physical act of moving from a higher elevation to a lower one, away from the speaker's current position. This directional nuance is crucial in Korean: while 내려오다 implies coming down toward the speaker, 내려가다 implies going down away from the speaker. This distinction is a cornerstone of Korean spatial logic and is one of the first things learners must master to sound natural.

Physical Descent
Moving down stairs, mountains, or ladders. Example: '계단을 내려가다' (To go down the stairs).
Geographical Movement
Traveling from a central or northern area (like Seoul) to a southern province. Example: '부산으로 내려가다' (To go down to Busan).
Numerical Decrease
Used when prices, temperatures, or grades drop. Example: '기온이 내려가다' (The temperature goes down).

"지하철을 타려면 계단으로 내려가야 합니다." (To take the subway, you must go down the stairs.)

Beyond physical movement, the verb extends into the realm of biology and daily life. When food is digested properly and moves through the digestive tract, Koreans say the food '내려가다'. If you have indigestion, you might say '음식이 잘 안 내려가요' (The food isn't going down well). This highlights the verb's versatility in describing any flow that follows gravity or a natural downward progression. In an organizational context, it can refer to instructions being passed down from management to staff, though this is often more formal. The breadth of this word covers everything from a child sliding down a slide to the global economy entering a recession.

"물가가 빨리 내려갔으면 좋겠어요." (I wish prices would go down quickly.)

In historical contexts, '내려가다' is used when talking about traditions or stories being passed down through generations (전해 내려가다). This temporal descent mirrors the spatial one, viewing the future as 'downstream' from the past. Whether you are discussing the stock market's bearish trend or simply telling a friend to head down to the first floor to meet a delivery driver, '내려가다' provides the linguistic framework for all things descending. It is a high-frequency verb that appears in nearly every facet of Korean life, from weather reports to culinary discussions.

"이번 주말에 고향에 내려갈 거예요." (I am going down to my hometown this weekend.)

Abstract Usage
Refers to a decline in quality, mood, or status.
Anatomical Usage
Refers to the movement of food or blood flow.

Using 내려가다 correctly requires an understanding of Korean verb conjugation and the particles that typically accompany directional movement. As an intransitive verb, it does not take a direct object (을/를) in its primary sense of 'going down.' Instead, it pairs with destination particles like 에 (to), 로/으로 (toward), or starting point particles like 에서 (from).

Basic Conjugation Patterns

  • Present Tense: 내려가요 (Polite), 내려간다 (Plain), 내려갑니다 (Formal).
  • Past Tense: 내려갔어요 (Polite), 내려갔다 (Plain), 내려갔습니다 (Formal).
  • Future Tense: 내려갈 거예요 (Polite), 내려가겠다 (Formal/Intent).
  • Honorific: 내려가세요 (Please go down), 내려가셨어요 (Went down - honorific).

"어제 산에서 내려왔을 때 다리가 아팠어요." (When I came down from the mountain yesterday, my legs hurt.) *Note the contrast with 내려오다.

When discussing prices or temperatures, the subject is usually the thing that is decreasing. For example, '가격이 내려가다' (Prices go down) or '온도가 내려가다' (Temperature goes down). In these cases, the verb functions similarly to 'decrease' or 'drop' in English. It is important to note that '내려가다' is used for a natural or automatic drop, whereas '내리다' (the transitive version) is used when someone actively lowers something, like a shopkeeper lowering prices.

Directional Particles
Use '-로' to emphasize the direction (e.g., 아래로 내려가다 - go downward).
Compound Usage
Often combined with other verbs: '걸어 내려가다' (to walk down), '뛰어 내려가다' (to run down).

In more advanced usage, '내려가다' can be used in the form '-아/어 내려가다' to indicate the progression of an action downwards. For example, '읽어 내려가다' means to read down through a text or list. This shows how the concept of 'downward' is applied to the flow of information or tasks. When you are writing, ensure you don't confuse this with '내리다' which is often used for getting off transportation. You don't '내려가다' from a bus; you '내리다' from it.

You will encounter 내려가다 in a wide variety of daily environments in Korea. From the moment you step into a subway station to a casual dinner conversation, this word is omnipresent. Understanding the context helps in choosing the right nuance of the word.

1. Public Transportation and Buildings

In subway stations or department stores, signs and announcements frequently use this verb. You might hear: "아래층으로 내려가는 에스컬레이터를 이용해 주십시오" (Please use the escalator going down to the lower floor). It is the standard term for navigating multi-level structures.

2. Weather and News Reports

News anchors and meteorologists are frequent users of '내려가다'. During the winter, you will constantly hear: "내일은 기온이 영하로 내려가겠습니다" (Tomorrow, the temperature will go down below zero). Similarly, economic news will report on '주가가 내려가다' (Stock prices going down) or '환율이 내려가다' (Exchange rates going down).

"기온이 갑자기 내려가서 감기에 걸렸어요." (The temperature dropped suddenly, so I caught a cold.)

3. Holidays and Family Life

During major holidays like Chuseok or Seollal, the phrase '고향에 내려가다' is the most common way to describe traveling to one's hometown. Since Seoul is considered the 'top' of the country, traveling anywhere else is 'going down'. Even if you are technically moving north to a place like Paju, people still often use '내려가다' if the starting point is perceived as the center.

Dining Table
If someone is eating too fast, a mother might say, "천천히 먹어, 체해서 잘 안 내려가면 어떡해?" (Eat slowly, what if it doesn't go down well and you get indigestion?).
Hiking Trails
Hikers will ask, "정상까지 얼마나 더 내려가야 해요?" (Wait, this is wrong—they would say '얼마나 더 가야 해요' to go up, but '내려가다' is used when they are on their way back from the peak).

Even though 내려가다 seems straightforward, learners often stumble on its directional nuances and its distinction from similar-sounding verbs. Avoiding these common pitfalls will significantly improve your fluency.

1. Confusing '내려가다' with '내려오다'

This is the most frequent error. In English, 'go down' and 'come down' are sometimes used interchangeably, but in Korean, the perspective of the speaker is mandatory. If you are at the top of a hill and your friend is at the bottom, you tell them "내가 내려갈게" (I will go down [to you]). If you are at the bottom and your friend is at the top, you say "내려와!" (Come down!). Using '내려가다' when you mean 'come down' sounds physically impossible to a Korean ear.

2. Using '내려가다' for Transportation

Learners often try to translate 'get down from the bus' literally. However, for exiting a vehicle, you must use the verb 내리다. Saying "버스에서 내려가요" sounds like you are walking down the aisle of the bus or perhaps descending through the floor of the bus. Always use "버스에서 내려요".

❌ 버스에서 내려가요. (Incorrect)
✅ 버스에서 내려요. (Correct)

3. Misapplying to Prices (Transitive vs. Intransitive)

As mentioned, '내려가다' is intransitive. You cannot '내려가다' the price. The price itself '내려가다'. If you want to say 'The store lowered the price,' you must use '가격을 내리다'.
❌ 가게가 가격을 내려갔어요. (The store went down the price - Nonsense)
✅ 가격이 내려갔어요. (The price went down.)

Wrong Particle
Using '을/를' with 내려가다. It should be '이/가' (subject) or '에/로' (direction).
Confusing with '내리다'
'내리다' can mean 'to rain' or 'to get off'. '내려가다' never means 'to rain'.

To truly master 내려가다, it is helpful to compare it with its synonyms and related terms. Korean has a rich vocabulary for describing movement and changes in state.

1. 내려오다 (naeryeooda) vs. 내려가다

As discussed, the difference is purely directional. 내려오다 is 'to come down' (toward the speaker), while 내려가다 is 'to go down' (away from the speaker). This is the most important distinction to learn.

2. 하락하다 (harakhada)

This is a more formal, Sino-Korean word (Hanja: 下落) used primarily in economic or academic contexts. While you can say '가격이 내려가다', in a news report about the stock market, you are more likely to hear '주가가 하락했습니다' (Stock prices declined). It sounds more professional and precise.

3. 감소하다 (gamsohada)

This means 'to decrease' in quantity or number. While '내려가다' can describe a drop in a rate or level, '감소하다' is used when the actual count of something goes down. For example, '인구가 감소하다' (The population decreases).

"성적이 내려가서 걱정이에요." (I'm worried because my grades went down.)
"수출이 하락세를 보이고 있습니다." (Exports are showing a downward trend.)

떨어지다 (tteoreojida)
To fall or drop. This often implies a more sudden or accidental movement than '내려가다'. It is also used for failing an exam.
낮아지다 (najajida)
To become low. This focuses on the resulting state (being low) rather than the movement itself.

How Formal Is It?

正式

""

非正式

""

难度评级

需要掌握的语法

按水平分级的例句

1

지하로 내려가요.

Go down to the basement.

지하 (basement) + 로 (direction particle)

2

계단으로 내려가세요.

Please go down by the stairs.

-(으)세요 (polite command)

3

저는 지금 내려가요.

I am going down now.

Present tense

4

친구가 밑으로 내려갔어요.

My friend went down below.

Past tense

5

여기서 내려가면 식당이 있어요.

If you go down from here, there is a restaurant.

-(으)면 (if)

6

천천히 내려가세요.

Go down slowly, please.

Adverb 천천히 (slowly)

7

엘리베이터가 내려가요.

The elevator is going down.

Subject-verb agreement

8

산에서 내려가고 싶어요.

I want to go down from the mountain.

-고 싶다 (want to)

1

내일은 기온이 내려갈 거예요.

The temperature will go down tomorrow.

Future tense -(으)ㄹ 거예요

2

사과 가격이 많이 내려갔어요.

The price of apples went down a lot.

가격 (price) as subject

3

이번 주말에 부산에 내려가요.

I'm going down to Busan this weekend.

Geographical 'down'

4

계단이 미끄러우니까 조심해서 내려가세요.

The stairs are slippery, so go down carefully.

-(으)니까 (because)

5

컴퓨터 화면을 아래로 내려가 보세요.

Try scrolling down the computer screen.

-아/어 보다 (try doing)

6

강물이 바다로 내려가요.

The river water flows down to the sea.

Natural flow

7

어두우니까 같이 내려가요.

It's dark, so let's go down together.

-(으)ㅂ시다 (let's - informal polite)

8

점심에 먹은 게 잘 안 내려가요.

The lunch I ate isn't going down well (indigestion).

Anatomical usage

1

성적이 조금 내려가서 속상해요.

I'm upset because my grades went down a bit.

Abstract decrease

2

이 길을 따라 내려가면 공원이 나옵니다.

If you follow this road down, a park will appear.

따라 (following)

3

전통이 대대로 내려가고 있습니다.

Traditions are being passed down through generations.

Temporal descent

4

기름값이 내려가기를 기다리고 있어요.

I'm waiting for gas prices to go down.

-기 (nominalizer)

5

그는 아무 말 없이 계단을 내려갔다.

He went down the stairs without saying a word.

Plain style (narrative)

6

지하철 2호선을 타러 내려가야 해요.

I have to go down to take Subway Line 2.

-러 가다 (go in order to)

7

체온이 내려가지 않도록 조심하세요.

Be careful so that your body temperature doesn't drop.

-지 않도록 (so that... not)

8

명절에는 고향에 내려가는 사람들이 많아요.

During holidays, there are many people going down to their hometowns.

Noun modifying form -는

1

환율이 내려가면 수입품 가격도 낮아질 것입니다.

If the exchange rate goes down, the price of imports will also decrease.

Economic context

2

서류를 밑에서부터 읽어 내려갔어요.

I read down the document from the bottom (or through).

-어 내려가다 (progressive action)

3

인기가 내려가는 것을 느끼고 있어요.

I feel my popularity is going down.

Social status

4

지침이 현장 직원들에게까지 잘 내려가지 않아요.

Instructions don't reach the field staff well (don't pass down).

Organizational flow

5

비가 오면 빗물이 하수구로 내려갑니다.

When it rains, rainwater goes down into the sewer.

Physical process

6

혈압이 정상으로 내려가서 다행입니다.

It's a relief that your blood pressure went down to normal.

Medical context

7

계곡을 따라 내려가다 보면 폭포가 보여요.

If you keep going down along the valley, you'll see a waterfall.

-다 보면 (if you keep doing)

8

주식 시장이 계속 내려가고 있어서 걱정이에요.

I'm worried because the stock market keeps going down.

Continuous action -고 있다

1

그의 명성은 한순간에 바닥으로 내려갔다.

His reputation went down to the bottom in an instant.

Metaphorical descent

2

역사의 물줄기는 거스를 수 없이 아래로 내려간다.

The flow of history goes down irresistibly.

Philosophical usage

3

뿌리가 땅속 깊이 내려가야 나무가 튼튼합니다.

The roots must go down deep into the ground for the tree to be strong.

Biological growth

4

작가는 독자가 글을 끝까지 읽어 내려가게 유도한다.

The author induces the reader to read down the text to the end.

Causative structure -게 유도하다

5

물가가 내려가기는커녕 오히려 오르고 있다.

Far from going down, prices are actually rising.

-기는커녕 (far from)

6

그의 시선은 그녀의 발끝까지 천천히 내려갔다.

His gaze slowly traveled down to her toes.

Descriptive narrative

7

강물이 굽이쳐 내려가는 모습이 장관이다.

The sight of the river winding its way down is magnificent.

Compound verb 굽이쳐 내려가다

8

권력이 아래로 내려갈수록 민주주의가 실현된다.

The more power goes down (to the people), the more democracy is realized.

Political metaphor

1

인간의 욕망은 끝도 없이 심연으로 내려간다.

Human desire descends endlessly into the abyss.

Existential usage

2

선조들의 지혜가 구전되어 내려가는 과정은 신비롭다.

The process of ancestors' wisdom being passed down orally is mysterious.

Passive-active blend

3

빙하가 녹아내려가며 해수면이 상승하고 있다.

As glaciers melt and flow down, sea levels are rising.

Environmental science

4

그의 필치는 거침없이 종이 위를 내려갔다.

His brushstroke moved down the paper without hesitation.

Artistic description

5

사상의 흐름이 대중에게로 내려가기까지는 시간이 걸린다.

It takes time for the flow of ideas to descend to the masses.

Sociological context

6

태양이 지평선 아래로 내려가자 어둠이 깔렸다.

As the sun went down below the horizon, darkness spread.

Literary setting

7

혈류가 말단까지 잘 내려가야 건강을 유지할 수 있다.

Blood flow must go down well to the extremities to maintain health.

Medical precision

8

가문의 비법이 장자에게만 내려가는 관습이 있었다.

There was a custom where family secrets were passed down only to the eldest son.

Historical custom

常见搭配

계단을 내려가다
기온이 내려가다
가격이 내려가다
고향에 내려가다
성적이 내려가다
아래로 내려가다
지하로 내려가다
산에서 내려가다
혈압이 내려가다
물가가 내려가다

常用短语

쭉 내려가세요

잘 안 내려가요

밑으로 내려가다

남쪽으로 내려가다

계단으로 내려가다

기온이 영하로 내려가다

인기가 내려가다

순위가 내려가다

체중이 내려가다

속이 내려가다

容易混淆的词

내려가다 vs 내려오다 (to come down)

내려가다 vs 내리다 (to get off/to rain)

내려가다 vs 떨어지다 (to fall)

习语与表达

""

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""

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容易混淆

내려가다 vs 내려오다

Coming toward the speaker vs. going away.

내려가다 vs 내리다

To lower something (transitive) or get off a vehicle.

내려가다 vs 떨어지다

To fall suddenly or fail an exam.

내려가다 vs 낮아지다

To become low (focus on state).

내려가다 vs 하락하다

Formal/Economic term for 'going down'.

句型

词族

相关

如何使用

Directional

Always implies moving away from the speaker's current vertical level.

Metaphorical

Can mean a decline in quality or status.

常见错误
  • Using '내려가다' instead of '내려오다' when someone is coming toward you.
  • Using '내려가다' to mean 'getting off' a vehicle.
  • Using '을/를' with '내려가다' as if it were 'to lower something'.
  • Using '내려가다' for rain or snow.
  • Confusing '내려가다' with '낮다' (which is an adjective meaning 'to be low').

小贴士

Subject Particle

When prices or temperatures drop, use the subject particle 이/가 with the noun.

Seoul Perspective

Remember that leaving Seoul for the countryside is always 'going down' (내려가다).

Opposite Word

Learn '올라가다' (to go up) at the same time to remember the directional pair.

Polite Commands

Use '내려가세요' when telling someone to go down to a lower floor.

Weather Reports

Listen for '기온' (temperature) to predict the verb '내려가다' in winter forecasts.

Compound Verbs

Combine with '걸어서' (walking) to say '걸어 내려가다' (walk down).

Holidays

During Chuseok, everyone says '고향에 내려가요'. Use this to sound natural.

Digestion

If you feel better after a stomach ache, say '이제 좀 내려가는 것 같아요'.

Not for Buses

Never say '버스에서 내려가요'. It's always '버스에서 내려요'.

Reading Down

Use '읽어 내려가다' to describe reading through a long text or list.

记住它

词源

Native Korean

文化背景

Koreans often link emotional relief with physical digestion using this verb.

The term reflects the social hierarchy of geography in Korea.

在生活中练习

真实语境

对话开场白

"이번 명절에 고향에 내려가세요?"

"어제보다 기온이 많이 내려갔죠?"

"계단으로 내려갈까요, 엘리베이터를 탈까요?"

"요즘 물가가 좀 내려갔나요?"

"점심 먹은 게 잘 안 내려가는데 어떡하죠?"

日记主题

오늘 기온이 얼마나 내려갔는지 써 보세요.

산이나 높은 곳에서 내려갔던 경험을 적어 보세요.

최근에 가격이 내려가서 기뻤던 물건이 있나요?

고향에 내려갈 때의 기분을 묘사해 보세요.

계단을 내려갈 때 무슨 생각을 하나요?

常见问题

10 个问题

No, for rain or snow, you must use '오다' (비가 와요) or '내리다' (비가 내려요). '내려가다' is not used for precipitation.

No, it can be abstract, such as prices, temperatures, or even the feeling of food being digested.

'내려가다' is a common, native word used in daily life. '하락하다' is a formal, Sino-Korean word used in news and reports.

You say '계단을 내려가다' or '계단으로 내려가다'.

No, that is a common mistake. Use '내리다' for getting off transportation.

Yes, in Korea, moving from Seoul to southern provinces is almost always called '내려가다'.

The past tense is '내려갔어요' (polite) or '내려갔다' (plain).

It means your food is digesting well or you feel a sense of relief from a heavy stomach.

Yes, '성적이 내려가다' means your grades or scores dropped.

No, it is an intransitive verb. It doesn't take a direct object (을/를) in the sense of 'lowering' something.

自我测试 180 个问题

/ 180 correct

Perfect score!

相关内容

这个词在其他语言中

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