वर 30秒了解
- वर (var) means up, on, or above.
- It acts as a postposition (on the table) or an adverb (look up).
- Nouns usually change to their oblique form before adding वर.
- It can also mean 'after' or 'superior' in advanced contexts.
The Marathi word वर (var) is one of the most fundamental building blocks of the language. Primarily functioning as an adverb of place and a postposition, it translates to 'above,' 'on,' 'up,' or 'over' in English. For a beginner (CEFR A1), mastering this word is crucial because it allows you to describe the physical location of objects and directions of movement. Unlike English prepositions that come before the noun, Marathi postpositions like 'वर' are attached to the end of the noun. However, when used as an adverb, it stands alone to indicate a direction or a state of being higher up.
- Physical Position
- It indicates that something is resting on a surface or is located at a higher elevation. For example, 'on the table' becomes 'टेबलावर' (teblāvar).
- Directional Movement
- It is used to tell someone to move upwards or look upwards. 'वर जा' (var jā) means 'go up' or 'go upstairs.'
- Temporal/Abstract Use
- In more advanced contexts, it can refer to 'more than' (संख्यावर - over a number) or 'superiority' in rank or status.
"तू वर काय बघत आहेस?"
"पक्षी झाडावर बसला आहे."
- Comparison with 'वरती' (varti)
- 'वरती' is a common variation of 'वर'. In many spoken contexts, they are interchangeable, though 'वरती' often emphasizes the state of being 'up there' or 'upwards'.
Using 'वर' correctly involves understanding its dual role as an independent adverb and a dependent postposition. In Marathi, the flow of the sentence changes based on whether you are describing a location relative to another object or a general direction.
- 1. As an Adverb (Directional)
- When used alone, 'वर' usually follows the subject or appears near the verb to indicate 'up'.
Example: तो वर गेला. (He went up/upstairs.) - 2. As a Postposition (Positional)
- When indicating 'on' something, it attaches to the noun.
Example: कागद टेबलावर आहे. (The paper is on the table.)
"विमान ढगांच्या वर उडत आहे." (The plane is flying above the clouds.)
You will hear 'वर' everywhere in Maharashtra—from the bustling markets of Mumbai to the quiet farms of Vidarbha. It is used in daily chores, directions, and even in emotional expressions.
- At Home: "वरच्या खोलीत जा" (Go to the upper room).
- In the Market: "त्यावर किती पैसे झाले?" (How much did that cost? - literally 'on that').
- Directions: "वरच्या बाजूला बघा" (Look at the upper side).
- Technology: "स्क्रीनवर क्लिक करा" (Click on the screen).
Learners often struggle with the noun transformations required before adding 'वर'.
- The 'Direct Case' Mistake
- Incorrect: *टेबलवर (Table-var)
Correct: टेबलावर (Teblā-var)
Explanation: You must change the noun to its oblique form before suffixing postpositions. - Confusion with 'मध्ये' (Madhe)
- Learners sometimes use 'वर' (on) when they mean 'मध्ये' (in). If something is inside a drawer, use 'मध्ये'. If it's on top of the drawer, use 'वर'.
Marathi has several words that overlap with 'वर' depending on the nuance of 'upwardness' or 'position'.
- वरती (Varti)
- More colloquial. Often used for 'upstairs'.
- पलीकडे (Palikade)
- Means 'beyond' or 'on the other side'. Sometimes confused when describing things 'over' a boundary.
- उंचावर (Unchavar)
- Literally 'at a height'. Used when emphasizing how high up something is.
How Formal Is It?
"कृपया अर्जावर स्वाक्षरी करा."
"पुस्तक टेबलावर आहे."
"वर ये ना!"
"चंदा मामा वर आहे."
"तो लय हवेवर आहे."
趣味小知识
The word 'वर' is a homonym. In one sense it means 'up', but in another, it means 'groom' (as in a wedding), and in a third, it means 'boon' or 'blessing' from a deity!
发音指南
- Pronouncing 'v' as 'w' (war instead of var).
- Stretching the vowel too long (vaar instead of var).
难度评级
Very easy to recognize as it's a two-letter word.
Easy to write, but requires knowledge of oblique forms.
Pronunciation is simple but 'v' vs 'w' needs care.
Very common, easily heard in daily speech.
接下来学什么
前置知识
接下来学习
高级
需要掌握的语法
Oblique Case Formation
Nouns ending in 'a' often change to 'ā'. Table -> Teblā.
Postposition Attachment
Postpositions are written as one word with the noun in written Marathi: टेबलावर.
Adverbial Position
As an adverb, it usually precedes the verb: तो वर (adv) गेला (verb).
Gender Agreement in Adjectives
The adjectival form 'वरचा' changes with gender: वरचा मजला (m), वरची खोली (f), वरचे घर (n).
Temporal 'After' construction
Verb stem + ल्या + वर: जेवल्यावर (After eating).
按水平分级的例句
पुस्तक टेबलावर आहे.
The book is on the table.
टेबल (Table) becomes टेबला (oblique) + वर.
तो वर बघत आहे.
He is looking up.
Used here as a directional adverb.
वर जा.
Go up.
Imperative command using the adverb.
टोपी डोक्यावर आहे.
The hat is on the head.
डोकं (Head) becomes डोक्या + वर.
मांजर खुर्चीवर बसली आहे.
The cat is sitting on the chair.
खुर्ची (Chair) stays खुर्ची + वर.
वर ये.
Come up.
Informal command.
पक्षी छतावर आहे.
The bird is on the roof.
छत (Roof) becomes छता + वर.
वर आकाश आहे.
The sky is above.
Simple spatial state.
आम्ही वेळेवर पोहोचलो.
We reached on time.
Abstract use: 'on' time.
भिंतीवर चित्र आहे.
There is a picture on the wall.
भिंत (Wall) becomes भिंती + वर.
तो डोंगरावर चढला.
He climbed on/up the mountain.
डोंगर (Mountain) becomes डोंगरा + वर.
तुमचा फोन बेडवर आहे.
Your phone is on the bed.
बेड (Bed) becomes बेडवर.
वरच्या मजल्यावर जा.
Go to the upper floor.
वरच्या (upper) is the adjectival form.
पाणी जमिनीवर पडले.
Water fell on the ground.
जमीन (Ground) becomes जमिनी + वर.
बस थांब्यावर लोक आहेत.
People are at the bus stop.
थांबा (Stop) becomes थांब्या + वर.
तो सायकलवर आला.
He came on a bicycle.
Instrumental/positional use.
माझ्यावर ओरडू नकोस.
Don't shout at me.
'At' in the sense of 'towards/upon' is 'वर'.
आम्ही या विषयावर चर्चा केली.
We discussed this subject.
'On' a topic.
विमान शहरावरून गेले.
The plane went over the city.
वरून (varun) means 'from over' or 'across'.
त्याच्यावर जबाबदारी आहे.
The responsibility is on him.
Abstract metaphorical 'on'.
नदीवर पूल आहे.
There is a bridge over the river.
Positional 'over'.
तो स्वतःच्या पायावर उभा राहिला.
He stood on his own feet.
Idiomatic: becoming independent.
वरवर पाहता सर्व काही ठीक वाटते.
Superficially, everything seems fine.
वरवर (var-var) means superficially.
त्याच्या चेहऱ्यावर आनंद होता.
There was joy on his face.
चेहरा (Face) becomes चेहऱ्या + वर.
सरकारने साखरेवर कर लावला.
The government imposed a tax on sugar.
Tax 'on' a commodity.
तो संकटावर मात करेल.
He will overcome the crisis.
मात करणे (to defeat) often uses 'वर'.
माझे नियंत्रण स्वतःवर आहे.
I have control over myself.
Control 'over' something.
त्याच्या बोलण्यावर जाऊ नका.
Don't go by what he says.
Idiom: don't trust the words.
पाऊस पडल्यावर हवेत गारवा आला.
After the rain fell, there was coolness in the air.
पडल्यावर (padlyavar) = after falling.
त्याच्या कामावर मी खूश आहे.
I am happy with his work.
'With' or 'at' work is 'वर'.
वर उल्लेख केल्याप्रमाणे...
As mentioned above...
Formal reference.
त्याला मरणोत्तर पुरस्कार मिळाला.
He received a posthumous award.
'उत्तर' (after/over) combined with 'मरण' (death).
त्यांच्या मैत्रीवर संशयाची सावली पडली.
A shadow of doubt fell over their friendship.
Metaphorical use of 'over/on'.
त्याची बुद्धिमत्ता सर्वांच्या वर आहे.
His intelligence is above everyone's.
Comparative superiority.
या कायद्यावर अनेक आक्षेप घेतले गेले.
Many objections were raised against this law.
Objections 'on/against'.
त्याच्या कर्तृत्वावर संपूर्ण देश अभिमान बाळगतो.
The whole country takes pride in his achievements.
Pride 'on/in' achievements.
परिस्थितीवर ताबा मिळवणे आवश्यक आहे.
It is necessary to gain control over the situation.
Formal usage of 'over'.
वरिष्ठ अधिकाऱ्यांच्या आदेशावर कारवाई झाली.
Action was taken based on the senior officers' orders.
Based 'on' orders.
त्याच्या वागण्यावर समाजाची टीका झाली.
The society criticized his behavior.
Criticism 'on/at'.
जीवनावर प्रेम करायला शिका.
Learn to love life.
Love 'on' life (Marathi phrasing).
अध्यात्मात देहावर मात करणे महत्त्वाचे मानले जाते.
In spirituality, conquering the body is considered important.
Philosophical 'victory over'.
त्याच्या शब्दांवरून त्याच्या मनातील द्वंद्व स्पष्ट होत होते.
From his words, the conflict in his mind was becoming clear.
वरून used for inference.
या सिद्धांतावर आधारित अनेक शोध लागले.
Many discoveries were made based on this theory.
Foundation 'on' theory.
सत्तेवर आल्यानंतर त्यांनी अनेक बदल केले.
After coming to power, they made many changes.
Coming 'on' power (assuming office).
त्याच्यावर अन्याय झाला असे त्याला वाटत होते.
He felt that injustice had been done to him.
Injustice 'on' someone.
काळाच्या ओघात अनेक गोष्टी वर-खाली होतात.
In the course of time, many things fluctuate (go up and down).
वर-खाली (var-khali) as a concept of change.
प्रशासनावर त्याचा मोठा प्रभाव होता.
He had a great influence over the administration.
Influence 'over/on'.
त्याच्या निधनावर संपूर्ण गावाने शोक व्यक्त केला.
The entire village expressed grief over his passing.
Grief 'on/over' an event.
常见搭配
常用短语
वर जा
वर ये
वेळेवर
त्यावर
वर बघ
वरच्या मजल्यावर
वरच्या बाजूला
एकावर एक
वरतून
वरचेवर
容易混淆的词
Means 'in'. Use 'var' for surfaces, 'madhe' for interiors.
Same spelling and sound, but means a groom in a wedding context.
Same spelling, but means a blessing from a god.
习语与表达
"पायावर उभे राहणे"
To become self-reliant or independent.
शिक्षण पूर्ण झाल्यावर तो स्वतःच्या पायावर उभा राहिला.
Common"मनावर घेणे"
To take something to heart or take it seriously.
तिचे बोलणे मनावर घेऊ नकोस.
Informal"वरचढ होणे"
To gain the upper hand or dominate.
तो स्पर्धेत इतरांवर वरचढ ठरला.
Formal"आभाळ कोसळणे"
To face a massive sudden calamity (literally the sky falling 'on' one).
वडिलांच्या निधनानंतर त्याच्यावर आभाळ कोसळले.
Literary"तोंडावर येणे"
To be imminent or very close (like an exam).
परीक्षा आता तोंडावर आली आहे.
Spoken"डोक्यावर घेणे"
To give someone too much importance or praise.
लोकांनी त्या नेत्याला डोक्यावर घेतले.
Informal"वर हात असणे"
To have the support or blessing of someone.
त्याच्यावर गुरूंनी वर हात ठेवला.
Spoken"हवेवर असणे"
To be arrogant or 'on air'.
यशाने तो सध्या हवेवर आहे.
Slang"रस्त्यावर येणे"
To become homeless or bankrupt.
व्यवसायात तोटा झाल्यामुळे तो रस्त्यावर आला.
Common"जिवावर येणे"
To be life-threatening or extremely tedious.
हे काम करणे आता माझ्या जिवावर आले आहे.
Informal容易混淆
Both mean up/on.
'Var' is a postposition and adverb. 'Varti' is more commonly used as a standalone adverb or in colloquial speech.
टेबलावर (Correct) vs टेबलावरती (Also correct, but more casual).
Phonetically similar.
'Vari' is archaic or poetic, rarely used in modern speech.
Use 'var' for daily life.
Both involve 'over'.
'Var' is vertically above; 'Palikade' is on the other side of a boundary.
नदीवर पूल (Bridge on river) vs नदीच्या पलीकडे (Across the river).
Spatial relations.
'Var' is above/on; 'Samore' is in front of.
भिंतीवर (On the wall) vs भिंतीसमोर (In front of the wall).
Direction.
'Var' is upwards; 'Kade' is towards a side/person.
वर बघ (Look up) vs माझ्याकडे बघ (Look towards me).
句型
[Noun-Oblique] + वर + [Verb]
खुर्चीवर बस.
[Subject] + वर + [Movement Verb]
मी वर जातो.
[Noun-Oblique] + वर + [Noun] + [Verb]
टेबलावर पेन आहे.
[Verb-Stem] + ल्या + वर
आल्यावर सांग.
[Abstract Noun-Oblique] + वर
त्याच्या बोलण्यावर.
वर + उल्लेख + केल्याप्रमाणे
वर उल्लेख केल्याप्रमाणे नियम पाळा.
[Noun] + च्या + वर
ढगांच्या वर.
वर-खाली + होणे
बाजारात भाव वर-खाली होत आहेत.
词族
名词
动词
形容词
相关
如何使用
Extremely high; top 50 words in Marathi.
-
Using 'वर' like an English preposition.
→
Using it as a postposition.
Don't say 'वर टेबल' (on table); say 'टेबलावर'.
-
Forgetting the oblique case.
→
Changing the noun ending.
Incorrect: 'मुंबईवर' (on Mumbai - actually this one is okay as proper nouns often don't change), but 'घरवर' is wrong, should be 'घरावर'.
-
Confusing 'वर' (on) with 'मध्ये' (in).
→
Check if it's surface or interior.
If it's on top, use 'वर'.
-
Mispronouncing the 'v'.
→
Labiodental 'v'.
Don't say 'War' (like in English); say 'Var'.
-
Using 'वर' for 'at' a person incorrectly.
→
Learn specific verb requirements.
Some verbs like 'shout' (ओरडणे) require 'वर', others don't.
小贴士
Oblique Mastery
Focus on learning how nouns change endings (e.g., 'a' to 'ā', 'u' to 'vă'). This is the hardest part of using 'वर' correctly.
Sound Natural
When telling someone to look up, use 'वरती बघ' (varti bagh) for a more native feel.
Homonym Alert
Remember that 'वर' can mean groom or blessing. Context is key!
No Spaces
In Marathi, postpositions like 'वर' are joined to the noun. Don't write 'टेबल वर', write 'टेबलावर'.
Blessings
The phrase 'डोक्यावर हात असणे' (having a hand on the head) is a beautiful way to say you are protected or blessed.
Suffix Spotting
Train your ear to catch the '-var' sound at the end of nouns to quickly identify locations.
Vertical Var
Think 'Vertical' starts with 'V', and 'Var' (up) starts with 'V'.
Daily Objects
Label items in your house mentally: 'बेडवर', 'खुर्चीवर', 'जमिनीवर'.
On Time
Learn 'वेळेवर' as a single chunk. It's used constantly in professional settings.
Abstract 'On'
Start using 'वर' for topics: 'या विषयावर' (on this topic).
记住它
记忆技巧
Think of the English word 'Over'. Remove the 'O' and 'e', and you are left with 'vr', which sounds like 'Var' (वर).
视觉联想
Imagine a ladder pointing UP. The word 'VAR' is written on the top rung.
Word Web
挑战
Try to find 5 things in your room and say their location using 'वर'. (e.g., 'फोन बेडवर आहे')
词源
Derived from the Old Indo-Aryan (Sanskrit) word 'उपरि' (upari), which means 'above' or 'over'.
原始含义： Above, over, higher position.
Indo-Aryan文化背景
Be careful when using 'वर' in the context of people (e.g., 'त्याच्यावर') as it can sound aggressive depending on the verb (like 'shouting at' vs 'blessing').
English speakers should note that Marathi doesn't distinguish between 'on' and 'above' with different words as strictly as English does; 'वर' covers both.
在生活中练习
真实语境
Giving Directions
- वरच्या बाजूला
- तिथून वर जा
- वरचा रस्ता
- वरती बघा
Locating Objects
- कपाटावर
- फ्रीजवर
- टीव्हीवर
- बेडवर
Time Management
- वेळेवर या
- वेळेवर काम करा
- उशिरा नको, वेळेवर
- वेळेवर औषध घ्या
Digital Actions
- लिंकवर क्लिक करा
- स्क्रीनवर
- प्रोफाईलवर
- फोटोवर
Relationships
- माझ्यावर विश्वास ठेवा
- त्याच्यावर रागावू नकोस
- मुलांवर प्रेम करा
- देवावर श्रद्धा
对话开场白
"तुझे घर कितव्या मजल्यावर आहे? (On which floor is your house?)"
"टेबलावर काय ठेवले आहे? (What is kept on the table?)"
"तू वेळेवर पोहोचला का? (Did you reach on time?)"
"वर बघ, तुला काय दिसत आहे? (Look up, what do you see?)"
"या विषयावर तुझे मत काय आहे? (What is your opinion on this subject?)"
日记主题
आज मी वेळेवर कोणती कामे केली? (Which tasks did I do on time today?)
माझ्या टेबलावर कोणत्या पाच गोष्टी आहेत? (Which five things are on my table?)
मी कोणावर सर्वात जास्त विश्वास ठेवतो? (Who do I trust the most?)
वरच्या मजल्यावरून दृश्य कसे दिसते? (How does the view look from the upper floor?)
आज मी कोणावर रागावलो का? का? (Did I get angry at someone today? Why?)
常见问题
10 个问题Yes, when used as a postposition, the preceding noun or pronoun must be in the oblique form. For example, 'हात' (hand) becomes 'हातावर' (on the hand).
Close, but 'वर' specifically means 'groom'. However, in some contexts, it can be used for husband in older literature, though 'नवरदेव' or 'पती' is more common now.
In 90% of cases, yes. 'वरती' is slightly more informal and often used when the word stands alone at the end of a phrase.
You can use 'च्या वर' (chya var). For example, 'डोक्याच्या वर' (above the head).
It means 'on time'. It is a very common phrase in Marathi.
Yes, for example, 'माझ्यावर रागावू नको' (Don't be angry AT me).
The opposite is 'खाली' (khali), which means down or below.
No, 'वर' itself doesn't change gender. However, the adjectival form 'वरचा/वरची/वरचे' must match the noun it describes.
You say 'वर जा' (Var ja) or 'वरती जा' (Varti ja).
Yes, it appears in many phrasal constructions like 'वर येणे' (to come up/surface).
自我测试 38 个问题
/ 38 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
The word 'वर' is essential for spatial awareness in Marathi. Whether you are placing a book 'on' a table (टेबलावर) or telling someone to 'look up' (वर बघ), this word is your primary tool for indicating height and surface contact.
- वर (var) means up, on, or above.
- It acts as a postposition (on the table) or an adverb (look up).
- Nouns usually change to their oblique form before adding वर.
- It can also mean 'after' or 'superior' in advanced contexts.
Oblique Mastery
Focus on learning how nouns change endings (e.g., 'a' to 'ā', 'u' to 'vă'). This is the hardest part of using 'वर' correctly.
Sound Natural
When telling someone to look up, use 'वरती बघ' (varti bagh) for a more native feel.
Homonym Alert
Remember that 'वर' can mean groom or blessing. Context is key!
No Spaces
In Marathi, postpositions like 'वर' are joined to the noun. Don't write 'टेबल वर', write 'टेबलावर'.
