cansado 30秒了解
- Cansado describes physical or mental fatigue and must agree in gender and number with the subject.
- It is primarily used with the verb 'estar' to indicate a temporary state of being tired.
- The preposition 'de' is used to specify the cause of the tiredness, such as 'cansado de correr'.
- Common synonyms include 'exausto' for extreme fatigue and 'farto' for being emotionally fed up.
The Portuguese word cansado is a fundamental adjective that every learner must master early in their journey. At its core, it describes a state of physical or mental fatigue. However, its application in the Lusophone world is rich and nuanced, stretching from a simple yawn after a long day to a profound existential weariness. In the Portuguese language, adjectives must agree in gender and number with the noun they modify, meaning you will encounter cansado (masculine singular), cansada (feminine singular), cansados (masculine plural), and cansadas (feminine plural). This flexibility is the first hurdle for English speakers, but it quickly becomes second nature.
- Physical State
- Refers to the depletion of energy after exercise, work, or lack of sleep.
- Mental State
- Describes being 'fed up' or psychologically drained by a situation or person.
- Grammatical Category
- Adjective (Past participle of the verb 'cansar').
Understanding 'cansado' requires looking at the verb it originates from: cansar (to tire). When you say you are 'cansado', you are literally saying you have been 'tired out' by something. This is why it is almost exclusively used with the temporary verb estar (to be) rather than the permanent ser. If you say 'Eu sou cansado', you are implying that your very essence is tiredness, which sounds quite poetic or perhaps medically concerning to a native speaker! Usually, you are 'estar cansado' because of a specific cause.
Depois de correr dez quilômetros, o atleta sentiu-se extremamente cansado e precisou de água.
In Brazil, 'cansado' can also take on a slang meaning. If someone calls a person 'um cara cansado', they might mean he is boring, uninspiring, or 'lame'. It suggests a lack of 'vibe' or energy that makes the person uninteresting to be around. This shift from a physical state to a personality trait is a common evolution in colloquial Portuguese. Meanwhile, in Portugal, the word maintains a slightly more formal adherence to its primary definition, though the 'fed up' (cansado de algo) usage is universal across all Portuguese-speaking countries.
Estou cansada de ouvir as mesmas desculpas todos os dias; precisamos de uma solução real.
The intensity of the feeling can be modified by adverbs. You can be muito cansado (very tired), um pouco cansado (a bit tired), or morto de cansado (dead tired). The latter is a very common hyperbole used in daily conversation. It's also important to distinguish between being tired (cansado) and something being tiring (cansativo). If a job is hard, the job is cansativo, and as a result, you become cansado.
O trabalho na mina é muito cansativo, por isso os mineiros voltam para casa exaustos.
Os alunos pareciam cansados após a maratona de exames finais na universidade.
Ela está cansada da rotina exaustiva do escritório e pensa em tirar férias.
Using cansado correctly involves mastering two main components: agreement and auxiliary verbs. Because it is an adjective derived from a past participle, it behaves like a mirror to the subject it describes. If you are talking about a group of women, you must use cansadas. If you are talking about a group of men or a mixed group, you use cansados. This is a core rule of Portuguese grammar that 'cansado' exemplifies perfectly.
- Agreement Rule
- Singular: cansado (m), cansada (f). Plural: cansados (m), cansadas (f).
- Verb Choice
- Use 'Estar' for temporary fatigue. Use 'Ficar' to describe the process of becoming tired.
- Prepositions
- Use 'de' to indicate the cause: 'Cansado de [verbo/substantivo]'.
The choice between estar and ficar is crucial. Estou cansado means 'I am tired (right now)'. Fiquei cansado means 'I got tired (after doing something)'. For example, 'Fiquei cansado depois da aula' (I got tired after the class). Another common verb used with cansado is parecer (to seem). 'Você parece cansado' (You look/seem tired) is a common way to show concern for a friend.
Nós estamos cansados porque caminhamos o dia todo pela cidade histórica.
When you want to say you are 'tired of' something, you must use the preposition de. If a verb follows, it stays in the infinitive. 'Estou cansado de esperar' (I am tired of waiting). If a noun follows, the preposition de merges with the article. 'Estou cansado da chuva' (I am tired of the rain - de + a). This construction is very frequent when expressing frustration or boredom with a repetitive situation.
Ela ficou cansada de tanto estudar para o concurso público.
In more advanced usage, 'cansado' can appear in absolute constructions. For example, 'Cansado da viagem, ele foi direto para a cama' (Tired from the trip, he went straight to bed). Here, the adjective sets the scene for the main action. It's also worth noting that in literary contexts, 'cansado' can describe inanimate objects that appear worn out, like 'um sofá cansado' (a worn-out sofa), though this is metaphorical.
Os olhos cansados do velho marinheiro contavam histórias de muitas tempestades.
Vocês não estão cansadas de tanta confusão no trabalho?
O motor do carro já está cansado e precisa de uma revisão completa.
You will hear cansado everywhere in the Lusophone world, from the bustling streets of São Paulo to the quiet villages of the Alentejo. It is a staple of daily small talk. When people greet each other with 'Como você está?' (How are you?), a very common honest answer is 'Um pouco cansado, mas bem' (A bit tired, but fine). It is the universal excuse for declining an invitation or explaining why one is less talkative than usual.
- In the Office
- Colleagues complaining about long hours or difficult projects.
- At Home
- Parents describing their state after looking after children all day.
- In Sports
- Commentators describing players' performance toward the end of a match.
In Brazilian music, particularly in Samba and Bossa Nova, 'cansado' often appears in lyrics describing the weariness of the heart or the 'cansaço' of living in a difficult world. It carries a certain 'saudade' (longing) or melancholy. For instance, a singer might describe their 'passo cansado' (tired step) as they walk home alone. In these contexts, the word transcends physical fatigue and enters the realm of emotional expression.
Cheguei do escritório tão cansado que nem consegui jantar.
In television dramas (telenovelas), you'll often hear characters say 'Estou cansado de você!' (I'm tired of you!) during a climactic argument. This usage is powerful because it signals a breaking point in a relationship. It's not about needing sleep; it's about having no more patience or emotional energy for another person's behavior. This 'emotional fatigue' is a very common way the word is used in dramatic storytelling.
O jogador saiu de campo cansado, mas aplaudido pela torcida.
On social media, you might see the hashtag #cansado or #cansada accompanied by photos of coffee mugs, messy desks, or people lounging on sofas. It's a way of signaling a shared human experience of modern burnout. In Portugal, you might hear the expression 'estar com os bofes de fora', which is a very colorful way of saying you are extremely 'cansado' (literally, having your lungs hanging out from exertion).
A enfermeira, visivelmente cansada, terminou o seu turno de doze horas.
Não me leve a mal, estou apenas cansado e preciso de um pouco de silêncio.
O público já estava cansado de esperar pelo início do concerto atrasado.
The most frequent mistake for English speakers is the confusion between cansado (tired) and cansativo (tiring). English uses the '-ed' and '-ing' endings to distinguish between the person feeling the emotion and the thing causing it. In Portuguese, this distinction is handled by different word endings. If you say 'Eu sou cansativo', you are telling people that you are a boring or exhausting person to be around, which is likely not what you intended!
- Cansado vs. Cansativo
- 'Eu estou cansado' (I am tired) vs 'O livro é cansativo' (The book is tiring).
- Ser vs. Estar
- Using 'Ser' implies a permanent trait; 'Estar' implies a temporary state.
- Gender Agreement
- Forgetting to change the ending to 'a' when the subject is female.
Another common error is the misuse of prepositions. Many learners try to use 'por' or 'com' when they should use de. While you can be 'cansado pelo trabalho' (tired by the work), the most natural and common way to express 'tired of' or 'tired from' is using de. For example, 'cansado de correr' or 'cansado da vida'. Using the wrong preposition can make your speech sound 'clunky' or non-native.
Errado: Eu sou cansado. Correto: Eu estou cansado.
Pluralization is also a trap. If you are speaking for a group, you must use cansados. A common mistake is to keep the adjective in the singular form: 'Nós estamos cansado'. This is grammatically incorrect. Similarly, in a group of women, using the masculine plural 'cansados' is a mistake; it must be 'cansadas'. However, remember that if there is even one male in the group, the masculine plural 'cansados' is traditionally used.
Errado: As meninas estão cansados. Correto: As meninas estão cansadas.
Finally, don't confuse 'cansado' with 'casado' (married). This is a classic 'false friend' or simply a phonetic slip-up. Adding or removing that 'n' changes the meaning entirely. Saying 'Estou muito casado' (I am very married) when you mean 'I am very tired' will definitely lead to some funny looks or confused follow-up questions about your marital status!
Cuidado: Não confunda cansado (tired) com casado (married).
Errado: O filme foi cansado. Correto: O filme foi cansativo.
Errado: Estou cansado com você. Correto: Estou cansado de você.
While cansado is the go-to word for fatigue, Portuguese offers a spectrum of synonyms that allow for more precision. If you are just a little tired, you might say you are meio cansado. But if you are at the end of your rope, you need stronger words. Exausto is the direct equivalent of 'exhausted' and is used when 'cansado' simply isn't enough to describe your state.
- Exausto
- Extreme fatigue, usually after intense physical or mental effort.
- Esgotado
- Literally 'drained' or 'sold out'. Used for being completely out of energy.
- Fadigado
- A more formal or medical term for fatigue.
In colloquial Brazilian Portuguese, you will often hear moído (literally 'ground up') or quebrado (broken). These are very expressive ways to say you are physically shattered. 'Estou moído' suggests you feel like you've been through a meat grinder—perfect for after a heavy gym session or a day of moving furniture. Another common slang term is morto (dead). 'Estou morto' is used exactly like 'I'm dead' in English to signal extreme tiredness.
Depois da maratona, eu estava exausto e não conseguia nem falar.
On the mental side, if you are tired of a situation, you might say you are farto. 'Estou farto disso!' means 'I'm fed up with this!'. This is often more intense than 'cansado de'. While 'cansado' might imply you are just weary, 'farto' implies you are about to lose your temper or quit. In Portugal, estafado is a common synonym for being very tired, often used in professional contexts to describe burnout or overwork.
O gerente está esgotado devido ao excesso de responsabilidades na empresa.
It's also useful to know the opposites. Descansado (rested) is the direct antonym. If you've had a good night's sleep, you are 'descansado'. Disposto (ready/willing/energetic) is another great word. If someone asks if you want to go for a run and you have plenty of energy, you say 'Estou muito disposto!'. Understanding these alternatives helps you move beyond basic A1 vocabulary and express your physical state with the nuance of a native speaker.
Hoje acordei descansado e pronto para enfrentar o novo desafio.
Ela sente-se fadigada sempre que a pressão no trabalho aumenta.
Estou farto de tanta burocracia para resolver um problema simples.
How Formal Is It?
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难度评级
需要掌握的语法
按水平分级的例句
Eu estou muito cansado hoje.
I am very tired today.
Uses 'estar' for a temporary state.
Ela está cansada?
Is she tired?
Feminine singular agreement.
Nós estamos cansados.
We are tired.
Masculine plural agreement.
Você parece cansado.
You look tired.
Using 'parecer' instead of 'estar'.
O bebê está cansado.
The baby is tired.
Simple subject-adjective agreement.
Estou um pouco cansada.
I (female) am a bit tired.
Adverb 'um pouco' modifies the adjective.
Eles não estão cansados.
They are not tired.
Negative sentence structure.
Estou cansado, vou dormir.
I'm tired, I'm going to sleep.
Cause and effect sentence.
Estou cansado de estudar português.
I am tired of studying Portuguese.
Preposition 'de' + infinitive.
Fiquei cansado depois da caminhada.
I got tired after the walk.
Verb 'ficar' indicates a change of state.
Ela estava cansada por causa do trabalho.
She was tired because of work.
Past tense 'estava' (imperfeito).
Meus pais estão cansados da viagem.
My parents are tired from the trip.
Plural agreement and 'de' + article.
O dia foi longo e estou cansado.
The day was long and I am tired.
Connecting two clauses.
Vocês estão cansadas de esperar?
Are you (plural female) tired of waiting?
Feminine plural agreement.
Não estou cansado, estou apenas com sono.
I'm not tired, I'm just sleepy.
Distinguishing between fatigue and sleepiness.
Ele sempre chega cansado em casa.
He always arrives home tired.
Adverb 'sempre' with present tense.
Estou cansado de ouvir as mesmas reclamações.
I'm tired of hearing the same complaints.
Using 'cansado de' for emotional fatigue.
Se você estiver cansado, podemos parar.
If you are tired, we can stop.
Future subjunctive 'estiver'.
Ela se sente cansada ultimamente.
She has been feeling tired lately.
Reflexive verb 'sentir-se'.
O cansaço é normal após tanto esforço.
The tiredness is normal after so much effort.
Noun form 'cansaço'.
Apesar de estar cansado, ele continuou a correr.
Despite being tired, he continued to run.
Concession clause with 'apesar de'.
Eles pareciam cansados, mas felizes.
They seemed tired, but happy.
Contrasting adjectives.
Estou cansado do barulho desta cidade.
I'm tired of the noise of this city.
Cansado + de + o (do).
Ela ficou cansada de tanto insistir.
She got tired of insisting so much.
Using 'de tanto' to show intensity.
O debate foi longo e deixou todos cansados.
The debate was long and left everyone tired.
Verb 'deixar' (to leave/make) + adjective.
Estou morto de cansado depois desse turno.
I'm dead tired after this shift.
Idiomatic expression 'morto de'.
O público já estava cansado de promessas vazias.
The public was already tired of empty promises.
Metaphorical use in a political context.
Mesmo cansadas, as jogadoras não desistiram.
Even tired, the players didn't give up.
Reduced concessive clause.
Ele tem um olhar cansado, como se carregasse o mundo.
He has a tired look, as if he carried the world.
Descriptive literary style.
Estou cansado de ser o único a ajudar.
I'm tired of being the only one to help.
Cansado de + gerund-like infinitive.
A rotina cansada do escritório o desmotivava.
The tired routine of the office demotivated him.
Adjective modifying an abstract noun.
Ficamos cansados só de olhar para aquela subida.
We got tired just from looking at that climb.
Expression 'só de' (just from).
A retórica cansada do candidato não convenceu ninguém.
The candidate's tired rhetoric convinced no one.
Cansado meaning 'overused' or 'cliché'.
Sentia-se cansado, não do corpo, mas da alma.
He felt tired, not in body, but in soul.
Existential usage.
O solo, cansado de sucessivas colheitas, já não produzia.
The soil, tired from successive harvests, no longer produced.
Personification of nature.
Exaurido e cansado, o explorador finalmente avistou o mar.
Exhausted and tired, the explorer finally spotted the sea.
Synonym pairing for emphasis.
A população, cansada da corrupção, saiu às ruas.
The population, tired of corruption, took to the streets.
Adjective phrase modifying a collective noun.
Seu estilo literário parecia um pouco cansado nesta obra.
His literary style seemed a bit tired in this work.
Critical/Artistic register.
Cansado das intrigas palacianas, o ministro renunciou.
Tired of palace intrigues, the minister resigned.
Absolute construction at the start of a sentence.
O cansaço acumulado pode levar ao esgotamento profissional.
Accumulated tiredness can lead to professional burnout.
Technical/Formal context.
A fisionomia cansada denotava as vigílias insones.
The tired physiognomy denoted the sleepless vigils.
High-level vocabulary (fisionomia, vigílias).
Era um espírito cansado, vagando por um mundo que já não reconhecia.
It was a tired spirit, wandering through a world it no longer recognized.
Metaphysical usage.
A estrutura metálica, cansada pelos anos, começou a ceder.
The metal structure, tired by the years, began to give way.
Technical personification of materials.
O autor utiliza o adjetivo 'cansado' para evocar o declínio do império.
The author uses the adjective 'tired' to evoke the decline of the empire.
Literary analysis register.
Cansado de si mesmo, buscou refúgio no isolamento absoluto.
Tired of himself, he sought refuge in absolute isolation.
Reflexive existentialism.
A melodia cansada do violoncelo ecoava pelo salão vazio.
The tired melody of the cello echoed through the empty hall.
Synesthetic description.
Não obstante estar cansado, o dever impunha-lhe a vigília.
Notwithstanding being tired, duty imposed the vigil upon him.
Formal 'Não obstante' construction.
O léxico cansado da burocracia estatal impede a inovação.
The tired lexicon of state bureaucracy impedes innovation.
Abstract socio-political usage.
常见搭配
常用短语
Estou cansado.
Você está cansada?
Estou morto de cansado.
Cansado de guerra.
Trabalho cansativo.
Estou farto e cansado.
Passo cansado.
Voz cansada.
Dia cansativo.
Cansado de esperar.
容易混淆的词
习语与表达
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容易混淆
Means married. Missing the 'n'.
Means tiring (the cause), not tired (the feeling).
Means quiet/silent.
Means past/happened.
Means heavy.
句型
如何使用
Always match the gender of the person you are describing.
Using 'ser' is rare and implies a permanent state of being a 'tired person'.
- Using 'ser' instead of 'estar'.
- Saying 'cansado' when you are a woman.
- Confusing 'cansado' with 'casado'.
- Using 'cansado' to describe a boring movie (use 'cansativo').
- Forgetting the 'de' in 'cansado de'.
小贴士
Agreement
Always check if the subject is male or female before choosing 'cansado' or 'cansada'.
Cansativo
Use 'cansativo' for tasks and 'cansado' for how those tasks make you feel.
Contractions
In daily life, 'Estou' becomes 'Tô'. 'Tô cansado' is very natural.
Morto
Use 'Estou morto' to sound like a native when you are extremely tired.
Politeness
Being 'cansado' is a socially acceptable reason to leave a party early.
Prepositions
Always use 'de' after 'cansado' when giving a reason.
Nasalization
Focus on the nasal 'an' sound to avoid confusing it with 'casado'.
Final O
The final 'o' is very short, almost like a 'u' in many regions.
Work
In a professional setting, 'exausto' might sound more dramatic than 'cansado'.
Mnemonic
Think: 'I CAN'T do it, I'm CANsado'.
记住它
词源
From Vulgar Latin *campsare (to turn, to bend), which later evolved to mean 'to tire' in the sense of being bent by effort.
文化背景
Slang use: 'cansado' can mean a boring or uncool person.
'Estafado' is a very common alternative for work-related tiredness.
在生活中练习
真实语境
对话开场白
"Você parece cansado, aconteceu algo?"
"Estou tão cansado de limpar a casa, você me ajuda?"
"O que você faz quando está muito cansado?"
"Você fica cansado depois de estudar muito?"
"Qual foi a vez que você mais se sentiu cansado?"
日记主题
Descreva um dia em que você se sentiu muito cansado.
Do que você está cansado na sua rotina atual?
Como o seu corpo reage quando você está cansado?
Escreva sobre a diferença entre estar cansado e estar triste.
O que é mais cansativo para você: esforço físico ou mental?
常见问题
10 个问题Usually no. Use 'estar' because tiredness is a temporary state. 'Ser' implies it's a permanent personality trait.
Exausto is much stronger, like 'exhausted' vs 'tired'.
Say 'Estou cansado de você'.
Rarely, and only metaphorically to mean 'worn out'.
Yes, it becomes 'cansadas'.
Use the masculine plural: 'cansados'.
Use 'cansativo'. Example: 'O jogo foi cansativo'.
It's neutral and can be used in any situation.
The noun is 'cansaço'.
In Brazilian slang, yes, it can describe a boring person.
自我测试 180 个问题
/ 180 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
The word 'cansado' is a versatile adjective for fatigue that requires careful gender/number agreement and is almost always paired with 'estar' to describe a temporary state, distinct from the permanent 'ser'.
- Cansado describes physical or mental fatigue and must agree in gender and number with the subject.
- It is primarily used with the verb 'estar' to indicate a temporary state of being tired.
- The preposition 'de' is used to specify the cause of the tiredness, such as 'cansado de correr'.
- Common synonyms include 'exausto' for extreme fatigue and 'farto' for being emotionally fed up.
Agreement
Always check if the subject is male or female before choosing 'cansado' or 'cansada'.
Cansativo
Use 'cansativo' for tasks and 'cansado' for how those tasks make you feel.
Contractions
In daily life, 'Estou' becomes 'Tô'. 'Tô cansado' is very natural.
Morto
Use 'Estou morto' to sound like a native when you are extremely tired.
相关内容
这个词在其他语言中
更多emotions词汇
a sério?
A2seriously?, an expression of surprise, disbelief, or to check earnestness
abalado
A2Emotionally disturbed or upset; shaken.
abalar
A2To shake or disturb (emotionally); to affect deeply.
abalo
A2Shock, emotional disturbance; a sudden, disturbing, or upsetting emotional experience.
abandonado
B1Left by the owner or inhabitants; deserted.
abatidamente
B1In a dejected or disheartened manner; dejectedly.
abatido
A2Dejected; sad and depressed; dispirited.
abatimento
A2Dejection; a sad and depressed state; low spirits.
abertamente
A2openly, frankly; without concealment; publicly.
abismado
B1Filled with astonishment or wonder.
