capacidade 30秒了解
- Capacidade is a feminine noun used to describe the maximum volume of containers like bottles, tanks, or rooms in everyday Portuguese life.
- It also refers to human abilities, skills, and mental potential, often followed by the preposition 'de' and an infinitive verb like 'aprender'.
- In technical and professional contexts, it describes production limits, storage space on devices, and the legal right to perform specific actions.
- Commonly confused with 'habilidade', it focuses more on the underlying potential or structural limit rather than just a specific learned technical skill.
The Portuguese word capacidade is a versatile noun that primarily refers to the maximum amount that something can contain, produce, or hold. At its core, it describes a limit or a potential. In a physical sense, it is used to talk about the volume of a container, such as a bottle of water or a fuel tank. For example, when you look at a bottle, you are observing its physical capacity to hold liquid. This is the most literal interpretation of the word and is often the first one learners encounter. However, as you progress in Portuguese, you will find that capacidade extends far beyond physical volumes into the realm of human potential and abstract concepts.
- Physical Volume
- The literal space inside an object, like a 2-liter bottle having a 'capacidade' of two liters.
- Human Ability
- The mental or physical power to do something, such as the 'capacidade de aprender' (ability to learn).
- Legal Standing
- In legal terms, it refers to the right or power to perform certain acts, known as 'capacidade jurídica'.
Understanding capacidade requires recognizing that it is not just about what is currently happening, but what *could* happen. It is a word of potential. When we say a stadium has a capacity of 50,000 people, we are defining its boundaries. When we say a student has a great capacity for mathematics, we are defining their intellectual boundaries. It is a fundamental concept in engineering, psychology, law, and everyday conversation. The word is derived from the Latin 'capacitas', which relates to 'capax' (able to hold). This etymological root helps clarify why the word bridges the gap between 'holding' a liquid and 'holding' a skill or a responsibility.
A garrafa tem uma capacidade de um litro de água fresca.
Ele demonstrou uma grande capacidade de liderança durante a crise.
O estádio atingiu a sua capacidade máxima no jogo de ontem.
A capacidade instalada da fábrica permite produzir mil carros por mês.
É necessário avaliar a capacidade cognitiva do paciente após o acidente.
- Synonym: Habilidade
- Often used interchangeably when referring to skills, but 'capacidade' is broader.
- Synonym: Volume
- Used specifically for physical space, though 'capacidade' is the standard term for containers.
- Antonym: Incapacidade
- The direct opposite, meaning the lack of ability or power to do something.
In summary, capacidade is a foundational word in Portuguese that scales from simple objects to complex human traits. Whether you are talking about the storage on your phone, the size of a room, or your own talent for languages, this is the word you will use. It encompasses the limits of the physical world and the limitless nature of human potential, making it an essential addition to any learner's vocabulary at the A2 level and beyond.
Using capacidade correctly involves understanding its grammatical placement and the prepositions that usually follow it. Most commonly, capacidade is followed by the preposition de when referring to an action or a specific content. For example, 'capacidade de pensar' (ability to think) or 'capacidade de armazenamento' (storage capacity). This structure is very consistent across different contexts. When discussing physical containers, you might say 'capacidade para', such as 'capacidade para cinco litros'. Both 'de' and 'para' are common, but 'de' is more frequent when describing the nature of the capacity itself.
- Capacidade de + Verb
- Used to describe the ability to perform an action (e.g., capacidade de agir).
- Capacidade de + Noun
- Used to describe the capacity for a specific thing (e.g., capacidade de memória).
- Capacidade para + Quantity/Purpose
- Often used for physical limits or suitability (e.g., capacidade para 10 pessoas).
In professional and academic Portuguese, capacidade is a key word for evaluations. You will hear it in job interviews ('Quais são as suas capacidades?'), in school reports ('O aluno tem uma grande capacidade de concentração'), and in technical manuals ('A capacidade do motor é de 2.0 litros'). It is important to distinguish between 'capacidade' (potential/limit) and 'competência' (proven skill). While they are related, capacidade often feels more innate or structural, whereas competência implies training and experience. However, in casual speech, this distinction is often blurred.
A capacidade de adaptação é essencial no mundo moderno.
Este elevador tem capacidade para oito pessoas ou 600 quilos.
Não subestime a capacidade de regeneração da natureza.
Another important aspect is the plural form: capacidades. We use the plural when referring to a set of different skills or talents. For instance, 'Ele tem muitas capacidades' suggests the person is multi-talented. In legal contexts, 'capacidade civil' refers to the legal age and mental state required to sign contracts or get married. This is a more advanced usage, but it shows how the word permeates every layer of Portuguese society. For an A2 learner, focusing on 'capacidade de + verb' and 'capacidade de + noun' will cover 90% of daily needs.
- Common Verb Collocations
- Ter capacidade, demonstrar capacidade, aumentar a capacidade, esgotar a capacidade.
- Common Adjective Collocations
- Capacidade máxima, capacidade total, capacidade intelectual, capacidade produtiva.
You will encounter capacidade in a wide variety of daily situations in Portuguese-speaking countries. One of the most common places is in public transport. On buses, trams, or metros in Lisbon, Porto, or São Paulo, you will see signs indicating the 'capacidade' of the vehicle—how many people can sit and how many can stand. Similarly, in elevators, a small plaque always lists the 'capacidade máxima' in terms of people and weight. This is a safety requirement and makes the word part of the visual landscape of the city.
Atenção: capacidade máxima de 4 pessoas neste elevador.
In the world of technology and gadgets, capacidade is everywhere. When buying a new smartphone or a laptop, the salesperson will talk about the 'capacidade da bateria' (battery capacity) or the 'capacidade do disco rígido' (hard drive capacity). In the age of cloud computing, you might receive notifications saying your 'capacidade de armazenamento está quase cheia' (storage capacity is almost full). This technical usage is identical to English, making it an easy 'cognate' context for learners to master quickly.
The word also features heavily in sports and entertainment. Commentators will talk about the 'capacidade do estádio' (stadium capacity) or a player's 'capacidade física' (physical capacity) to endure a long match. In music or theater, a venue might be described as 'esgotado', meaning it has reached its full 'capacidade' and no more tickets are available. Even in personal relationships, people might talk about someone's 'capacidade de ouvir' (ability to listen) or 'capacidade de perdoar' (capacity to forgive), showing the word's emotional depth.
- In the Kitchen
- Measuring cups and blenders have their 'capacidade' marked in milliliters or liters.
- In the Office
- Discussing 'capacidade de trabalho' or 'capacidade de entrega' during performance reviews.
- In the News
- Reports on 'capacidade energética' or 'capacidade de produção industrial'.
One of the most frequent mistakes learners make with capacidade is confusing it with the word 'habilidade'. While they are synonyms in some contexts, they are not always interchangeable. 'Habilidade' usually refers to a learned skill (like playing the guitar), whereas 'capacidade' often refers to the underlying potential or the physical limit. For example, you have the 'capacidade' to learn many 'habilidades'. Using 'capacidade' when you mean a specific technical skill can sometimes sound a bit formal or slightly off-target.
Another common error involves gender agreement. Since capacidade ends in '-ade', it is a feminine noun. Many learners mistakenly treat it as masculine because it doesn't end in '-a'. Always remember: 'a capacidade', 'uma capacidade', 'muita capacidade'. Saying 'o capacidade' is a tell-tale sign of a beginner mistake. Similarly, adjectives must agree: 'capacidade total' (total capacity) is fine because 'total' is invariable, but 'capacidade máximo' is wrong—it must be 'capacidade máxima'.
Errado: O capacidade do tanque é grande.
Correto: A capacidade do tanque é grande.
Preposition usage is another stumbling block. Learners often forget the 'de' or 'para'. You cannot say 'capacidade fazer algo'; you must say 'capacidade de fazer algo'. This 'de' acts as the bridge between the noun and the following infinitive verb. In English, we say 'capacity TO do', but in Portuguese, it is 'capacidade DE fazer'. Translating the 'to' literally as 'para' is sometimes acceptable but 'de' is the standard grammatical choice for abilities.
- Confusing with 'Lotação'
- 'Lotação' is specifically for the number of people in a space (like a bus), while 'capacidade' is more general.
- Misusing 'Capacidade' for 'Carga'
- 'Carga' is the actual weight being carried, while 'capacidade' is the limit of what can be carried.
To truly master capacidade, it helps to understand the words that live in its neighborhood. The most direct relative is habilidade. As mentioned, 'habilidade' is more about 'know-how' and dexterity. If you are good with your hands, you have 'habilidade manual'. If you have the potential to become good at something, you have the 'capacidade'. Another close word is competência. This is often used in professional settings to describe a combination of knowledge, skill, and attitude. A 'competência' is something you demonstrate through results.
- Potencial
- Refers to future possibility. 'Capacidade' is what you have now; 'potencial' is what you could have.
- Volume
- Used strictly for 3D space. You'd use 'volume' in a math class and 'capacidade' when talking about a bottle.
- Talento
- A natural, innate 'capacidade' for something artistic or specific.
In technical contexts, you might encounter lotação. This word is almost exclusively used for the number of people a space or vehicle can hold. If a theater is full, the sign might say 'Lotação Esgotada'. While 'capacidade' would also be correct, 'lotação' is the specific term for occupancy. Another word is faculdade. In a philosophical or psychological sense, 'faculdade' refers to an inherent power of the mind, like 'a faculdade da razão' (the faculty of reason). This is a very formal synonym for 'capacidade'.
Ele tem o talento para a música, mas falta-lhe a capacidade de concentração.
Finally, consider aptidão. This word is often used in the context of 'aptitude tests' (testes de aptidão). It suggests a natural suitability for a specific task or career. If you are naturally good at logic, you have an 'aptidão' for programming. 'Capacidade' is the broader power, while 'aptidão' is the specific direction of that power. Understanding these nuances allows you to choose the most precise word for the situation, moving your Portuguese from 'functional' to 'expressive'.
How Formal Is It?
难度评级
需要掌握的语法
Feminine nouns ending in -ade
Preposition 'de' with infinitives
Adjective-noun agreement
Compound nouns in Portuguese
Pluralization of words ending in -e
按水平分级的例句
A garrafa tem capacidade de um litro.
The bottle has a capacity of one liter.
Simple noun phrase: capacidade de + quantity.
O elevador tem capacidade para quatro pessoas.
The elevator has capacity for four people.
Use 'para' for people/limits.
Qual é a capacidade deste copo?
What is the capacity of this glass?
Interrogative sentence with 'qual'.
A caixa tem muita capacidade.
The box has a lot of capacity.
Using 'muita' (feminine) with 'capacidade'.
O meu carro tem pouca capacidade no porta-malas.
My car has little capacity in the trunk.
Using 'pouca' (feminine) to describe limited space.
Esta sala tem capacidade para dez alunos.
This room has capacity for ten students.
Standard A1 description of space.
A capacidade total é de dois litros.
The total capacity is two liters.
'Total' is an adjective modifying 'capacidade'.
O balde tem uma capacidade pequena.
The bucket has a small capacity.
Adjective agreement: 'pequena' (feminine).
Eu tenho a capacidade de falar duas línguas.
I have the ability to speak two languages.
Capacidade de + infinitive verb.
Ela tem uma grande capacidade de trabalho.
She has a great capacity for work.
Abstract use: capacity as a trait.
O estádio tem capacidade para 50 mil pessoas.
The stadium has capacity for 50 thousand people.
Common use for public venues.
Você tem capacidade de fazer este exercício?
Do you have the ability to do this exercise?
Asking about personal ability.
A bateria do telemóvel tem pouca capacidade.
The phone battery has little capacity.
Technical use for gadgets.
Eles demonstraram capacidade de aprender rápido.
They demonstrated the ability to learn fast.
Verb 'demonstrar' + 'capacidade'.
A capacidade de armazenamento do meu PC é grande.
The storage capacity of my PC is large.
Compound noun: capacidade de armazenamento.
Não temos capacidade para receber mais hóspedes.
We don't have the capacity to receive more guests.
Negative sentence + 'para' + infinitive.
A fábrica aumentou a sua capacidade produtiva.
The factory increased its production capacity.
Economic/Technical context.
O motor tem uma capacidade de 2000 cilindradas.
The engine has a capacity of 2000 cc.
Technical specification.
É preciso ter capacidade de organização para este cargo.
It's necessary to have organizational skills for this position.
Professional requirement.
A capacidade de carga do camião é de cinco toneladas.
The truck's load capacity is five tons.
Specific term: capacidade de carga.
O sistema atingiu a sua capacidade máxima de processamento.
The system reached its maximum processing capacity.
IT/Tech context.
Ela tem uma incrível capacidade de perdoar os outros.
She has an incredible capacity to forgive others.
Emotional/Abstract trait.
O governo quer expandir a capacidade dos hospitais.
The government wants to expand hospital capacity.
Public policy context.
A nossa capacidade de inovação é o nosso diferencial.
Our capacity for innovation is our differentiator.
Business strategy context.
A capacidade de resiliência é fundamental em tempos de crise.
The capacity for resilience is fundamental in times of crisis.
Psychological terminology.
O relatório avalia a capacidade financeira da empresa.
The report evaluates the company's financial capacity.
Formal business evaluation.
Não subestime a capacidade intelectual das crianças.
Do not underestimate the intellectual capacity of children.
Formal/Academic tone.
O solo perdeu a sua capacidade de absorção de água.
The soil lost its water absorption capacity.
Scientific/Environmental context.
A capacidade de liderança dele foi posta à prova.
His leadership capacity was put to the test.
Idiomatic expression: 'posta à prova'.
Temos de analisar a capacidade de resposta do mercado.
We have to analyze the market's response capacity.
Economic analysis.
O autor demonstra uma grande capacidade descritiva.
The author demonstrates a great descriptive capacity.
Literary criticism.
A capacidade de síntese é uma virtude rara.
The capacity for synthesis is a rare virtue.
Philosophical/Intellectual trait.
A capacidade jurídica plena adquire-se aos dezoito anos.
Full legal capacity is acquired at eighteen years of age.
Legal terminology.
A capacidade ociosa da indústria preocupa os economistas.
The industry's idle capacity worries economists.
Specific economic term: 'capacidade ociosa'.
O ensaio discute a capacidade humana de transcendência.
The essay discusses the human capacity for transcendence.
Philosophical/Academic context.
A capacidade de carga do planeta está a ser excedida.
The planet's carrying capacity is being exceeded.
Environmental science term.
A decisão depende da capacidade de discernimento do juiz.
The decision depends on the judge's capacity for discernment.
High-level formal Portuguese.
O projeto visa potenciar a capacidade instalada da região.
The project aims to boost the region's installed capacity.
Regional development terminology.
A sua capacidade de articulação política é notável.
His capacity for political articulation is remarkable.
Political science context.
A obra reflete sobre a capacidade de representação da arte.
The work reflects on art's capacity for representation.
Art theory context.
A capacidade de abstração é o que nos distingue como espécie.
The capacity for abstraction is what distinguishes us as a species.
Evolutionary/Philosophical context.
Questiona-se a capacidade de autodeterminação dos povos.
The capacity for self-determination of peoples is questioned.
Geopolitical/International Law.
A plasticidade cerebral revela a nossa capacidade de mutação.
Brain plasticity reveals our capacity for mutation.
Neuroscience context.
A capacidade de elocução do orador hipnotizou a audiência.
The speaker's capacity for elocution hypnotized the audience.
Formal/Literary register.
O tratado limita a capacidade bélica das nações signatárias.
The treaty limits the military capacity of the signatory nations.
Diplomatic terminology.
A capacidade de empatia é o cerne da condição humana.
The capacity for empathy is the core of the human condition.
Existential/Psychological context.
A teoria explora a capacidade recursiva da linguagem humana.
The theory explores the recursive capacity of human language.
Linguistic theory.
A capacidade de ressignificação do trauma é um processo lento.
The capacity to reframe trauma is a slow process.
Psychotherapeutic terminology.
常见搭配
常用短语
容易混淆的词
习语与表达
容易混淆
Potential or limit.
The process of training someone.
The adjective form (able).
A cover or cape (unrelated).
A doormat (unrelated).
句型
如何使用
Refers to the status of being 'capaz' (fit) to act.
Refers to IQ, focus, or learning speed.
Refers to liters, meters, or number of units.
- Using 'o capacidade' (it should be 'a capacidade').
- Using 'capacidade fazer' (it should be 'capacidade de fazer').
- Confusing 'capacidade' with 'capacete' (helmet).
- Using 'capacidade' when 'lotação' is more specific for people in a vehicle.
- Forgetting to change the adjective to feminine (e.g., 'capacidade total' is okay, but 'capacidade máximo' is wrong).
小贴士
Gender Check
Always treat 'capacidade' as feminine. This means using 'a', 'uma', 'esta', and adjectives ending in 'a'. It's a common mistake to forget this because the word doesn't end in 'a'. Practice saying 'a minha capacidade' to build the habit.
Preposition Choice
Use 'de' when followed by a verb (capacidade de agir). Use 'para' when referring to a specific limit or number of people (capacidade para 5). This distinction makes your Portuguese sound much more natural and precise. Most learners stick to one, but using both correctly is better.
Professional Tone
In a job interview, use 'capacidade' instead of 'coisas que eu sei fazer'. For example, 'Tenho capacidade de liderar equipas'. It sounds much more professional and confident. It shows you have a high-level vocabulary.
Public Signs
Look for the word 'capacidade' in elevators and buses. It's a great way to see the word in a real-world, functional context. You will usually see 'Capacidade Máxima' followed by a number. This helps reinforce the meaning without effort.
Phone Settings
Change your phone language to Portuguese. You will see 'capacidade' every time you check your storage. This is a constant, daily reminder of the word's meaning in a modern context. It's one of the best ways to learn tech vocabulary.
Capacidade vs. Habilidade
Think of 'capacidade' as the 'hardware' and 'habilidade' as the 'software'. Your brain has the 'capacidade' (hardware) to run many 'habilidades' (software). This mental image helps you choose the right word in conversation. It clarifies the 'potential vs. skill' distinction.
Compliments
If you want to praise someone's intelligence, say 'Admiro a tua capacidade de análise'. It's a sophisticated compliment that goes beyond just saying 'you are smart'. It targets a specific strength. People appreciate this level of detail in praise.
Avoid Repetition
If you use 'capacidade' in one sentence, try 'potencial' or 'competência' in the next. This makes your writing more dynamic and less repetitive. It's a key skill for moving from B1 to B2 level. Variation is the spice of good writing.
News Keywords
When listening to the news, 'capacidade' is a keyword for stories about the economy, health, or environment. If you hear it, you know they are talking about limits or potential. It helps you categorize the information you are hearing quickly. It's a great 'anchor' word for listening comprehension.
The 'City' Connection
Imagine a city (cidade) and its 'capa' (cover). The 'capa-cidade' is everything that fits inside that city's cover. This silly mnemonic links the word to its feminine '-ade' ending and the concept of 'fitting inside'. Visualizing a city helps remember the scale of the word.
记住它
词源
Latin
文化背景
Common in discussions about industrial and agricultural potential.
Frequently used in corporate environments and personal growth seminars.
Often used in formal education and bureaucratic contexts.
在生活中练习
真实语境
对话开场白
"Qual é a capacidade de armazenamento do teu telemóvel?"
"Achas que o ser humano tem capacidade de viver em Marte?"
"Qual é a capacidade máxima deste estádio?"
"Como podemos aumentar a nossa capacidade de concentração?"
"Você acha que tem capacidade para este novo emprego?"
日记主题
Descreve uma situação em que superaste a tua própria capacidade.
O que fazes quando sentes que a tua capacidade de trabalho está no limite?
Quais são as três capacidades que mais admiras numa pessoa?
Escreve sobre a capacidade de um objeto que é importante para ti.
Como a tecnologia mudou a nossa capacidade de comunicação?
常见问题
10 个问题It is a feminine noun. You should always say 'a capacidade' and use feminine adjectives like 'máxima' or 'limitada'. This is a common rule for Portuguese words ending in '-ade'. Knowing this helps with overall grammar consistency.
Yes, you can use it to describe a person's mental or physical abilities. For example, 'Ele tem uma grande capacidade intelectual'. It is very common in professional and academic settings. It sounds more formal than 'habilidade'.
Capacidade is more about potential or the structural limit of what someone can do. Habilidade is usually a specific skill that has been learned, like playing an instrument. You have the 'capacidade' to learn many 'habilidades'. They are often used as synonyms, but this is the technical difference.
You say 'capacidade de armazenamento'. This is used for hard drives, cloud storage, and even physical warehouses. It is a very common phrase in the modern world. You will see it in tech specs and phone settings.
It means 'capacity exhausted' or 'full'. You might see this on a sign at a concert venue or a parking lot. It indicates that no more people or cars can enter. It is a formal way of saying something is completely full.
Yes, it is the standard word for the volume of containers. A bottle, a tank, or a pool all have a 'capacidade' measured in liters. This is the most basic and literal use of the word. You will see it on product labels everywhere.
Yes, 'capacidade jurídica' refers to a person's legal standing to exercise rights and duties. For example, a minor may not have full 'capacidade' to sign a contract. It is a fundamental term in the Portuguese legal system. It is also used in medical contexts regarding mental health.
This is an economic term meaning 'idle capacity'. It refers to a factory or machine that is not being used to its full potential. Economists use it to measure industrial efficiency. It is a more advanced B2/C1 level term.
The plural is 'capacidades'. You use it when referring to multiple different skills or various types of limits. For example, 'As suas capacidades são variadas'. It follows the standard rule for words ending in 'e'.
Mostly, yes. It covers volume, ability, and legal standing. The only area where it might differ is in very specific technical jargon, but for 99% of cases, it is a direct equivalent to the English word 'capacity'.
自我测试 97 个问题
/ 97 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
Capacidade is the essential Portuguese word for 'limit' and 'potential'. Whether you are checking the size of a water bottle, the storage on your phone, or evaluating someone's talent, this word bridges the physical and the abstract, making it indispensable for clear communication.
- Capacidade is a feminine noun used to describe the maximum volume of containers like bottles, tanks, or rooms in everyday Portuguese life.
- It also refers to human abilities, skills, and mental potential, often followed by the preposition 'de' and an infinitive verb like 'aprender'.
- In technical and professional contexts, it describes production limits, storage space on devices, and the legal right to perform specific actions.
- Commonly confused with 'habilidade', it focuses more on the underlying potential or structural limit rather than just a specific learned technical skill.
Gender Check
Always treat 'capacidade' as feminine. This means using 'a', 'uma', 'esta', and adjectives ending in 'a'. It's a common mistake to forget this because the word doesn't end in 'a'. Practice saying 'a minha capacidade' to build the habit.
Preposition Choice
Use 'de' when followed by a verb (capacidade de agir). Use 'para' when referring to a specific limit or number of people (capacidade para 5). This distinction makes your Portuguese sound much more natural and precise. Most learners stick to one, but using both correctly is better.
Professional Tone
In a job interview, use 'capacidade' instead of 'coisas que eu sei fazer'. For example, 'Tenho capacidade de liderar equipas'. It sounds much more professional and confident. It shows you have a high-level vocabulary.
Public Signs
Look for the word 'capacidade' in elevators and buses. It's a great way to see the word in a real-world, functional context. You will usually see 'Capacidade Máxima' followed by a number. This helps reinforce the meaning without effort.
例句
Ele tem uma grande capacidade de aprender novas línguas rapidamente.
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