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B1 noun #2,000 最常用 14分钟阅读

deveres

At the A1 beginner level, the word 'deveres' is almost exclusively introduced in the context of school and daily routines. For a new learner, understanding 'deveres' is essential for talking about what they do after school or classes. The primary translation taught at this stage is 'homework'. Teachers will frequently use the phrase 'deveres de casa' to instruct students. At this level, learners are not expected to grasp the complex moral or legal implications of the word. Instead, they focus on simple sentence structures using basic verbs like 'fazer' (to do) and 'ter' (to have). For example, a typical A1 sentence would be 'Eu tenho deveres de casa' (I have homework) or 'Eu faço os meus deveres' (I do my homework). Vocabulary exercises at this stage often pair 'deveres' with other school-related words like 'livro' (book), 'caderno' (notebook), and 'professor' (teacher). The goal is to build a functional vocabulary that allows the learner to describe their immediate, everyday reality. The concept of 'deveres' as a plural noun is also introduced, helping students practice pluralization rules in Portuguese. Although the scope of the word is limited at A1, mastering its use in the context of homework provides a solid foundation for understanding its broader meanings in later stages of language acquisition.
As learners progress to the A2 level, their understanding of 'deveres' begins to expand slightly beyond the classroom. While 'deveres de casa' (homework) remains a primary usage, students start to encounter the word in the context of household chores and simple daily responsibilities. At this stage, learners are taught to express obligation using the verb 'ter que' (to have to) alongside the noun 'deveres'. They might learn to say things like 'Ajudar a mãe é um dos meus deveres' (Helping mother is one of my duties). The vocabulary broadens to include family members and household items. Furthermore, A2 learners begin to recognize the singular form 'dever' as an auxiliary verb meaning 'must' or 'should', though the focus here remains on the noun 'deveres'. They might read simple texts or listen to dialogues where characters discuss their daily routines and the tasks they are expected to complete. The concept of 'deveres' starts to take on a slightly more mature tone, moving from purely academic tasks to basic social and familial expectations. Teachers might introduce simple discussions about what constitutes a 'good student' or a 'helpful child', using 'deveres' to frame these concepts. This gradual expansion helps learners build a more nuanced vocabulary.
At the B1 intermediate level, the concept of 'deveres' undergoes a significant transformation in the learner's mind. This is the stage where the word truly takes on its broader meaning of 'duties' and 'obligations' in a societal, moral, and legal sense. Learners are introduced to the fundamental civic concept of 'direitos e deveres' (rights and duties). They begin to read news articles, opinion pieces, and short essays that discuss citizenship, environmental responsibility, and social rules. The vocabulary associated with 'deveres' becomes much more sophisticated. Students learn to use verbs like 'cumprir' (to fulfill) and 'respeitar' (to respect) instead of just 'fazer' (to do). They might write short essays on topics like 'Os deveres de um bom cidadão' (The duties of a good citizen). At this level, learners are expected to understand that 'deveres' are not just tasks assigned by a teacher or parent, but fundamental principles that hold society together. They explore the difference between legal duties (like paying taxes) and moral duties (like helping a neighbor). The ability to articulate these concepts using the word 'deveres' is a key marker of B1 proficiency, demonstrating that the learner can engage with abstract ideas and societal norms in Portuguese.
Reaching the B2 upper-intermediate level means the learner can handle complex, abstract, and professional discussions involving the word 'deveres'. At this stage, the vocabulary is heavily contextualized within professional environments, legal frameworks, and ethical debates. Learners encounter 'deveres' in authentic materials such as employment contracts, formal business emails, and detailed news reports about legal proceedings. They are expected to understand and use collocations like 'deveres profissionais' (professional duties), 'deveres contratuais' (contractual duties), and 'negligenciar os deveres' (to neglect one's duties). B2 students practice debating ethical dilemmas, arguing about what a person's 'deveres' are in complex situations. They might be asked to write a formal letter of complaint regarding someone who failed to fulfill their 'deveres', or an essay analyzing the responsibilities of a corporation. The language used around 'deveres' becomes highly formal and precise. Learners also become adept at using prepositions correctly with the word, such as 'deveres para com a sociedade' (duties towards society). Mastery of 'deveres' at the B2 level indicates that the learner can navigate the professional and legal landscapes of a Portuguese-speaking country with confidence and accuracy.
At the C1 advanced level, the use of 'deveres' is characterized by a deep understanding of nuance, register, and cultural context. Learners at this stage are engaging with academic texts, philosophical essays, and complex literature where 'deveres' is a central theme. They explore the historical evolution of duties and rights, reading texts that might discuss Kantian ethics or the social contract theory in Portuguese. The vocabulary is highly sophisticated, involving terms like 'deveres fiduciários' (fiduciary duties), 'deveres cívicos inalienáveis' (inalienable civic duties), and 'imperativo categórico' (categorical imperative). C1 learners can effortlessly switch between the everyday use of 'deveres' (homework) and its most elevated philosophical applications. They are capable of writing extensive, well-structured academic papers analyzing the conflict between personal desires and societal 'deveres'. Furthermore, they understand the subtle differences between 'deveres', 'obrigações', 'encargos', and 'ônus', choosing the exact right word for the specific context. At this level, the learner's command of 'deveres' is nearly indistinguishable from that of an educated native speaker, demonstrating a profound grasp of both the language and the cultural values embedded within it.
At the C2 mastery level, the learner's relationship with the word 'deveres' is absolute and intuitive. They possess a native-like command of the word in all its possible contexts, from the most colloquial slang to the most impenetrable legal jargon. A C2 speaker can deconstruct complex legal documents, identifying the precise nature of the 'deveres' outlined and the legal consequences of their breach. They can engage in high-level philosophical or political debates, using 'deveres' to articulate highly abstract and nuanced arguments about human nature, state power, and global responsibility. They are aware of regional variations in the use of the word and can adapt their speech accordingly. Furthermore, C2 learners can play with the word stylistically, using it in metaphors, irony, or rhetorical devices in creative writing or public speaking. They understand the historical weight of the word in Portuguese literature and political history. At this ultimate stage of language acquisition, 'deveres' is no longer just a vocabulary word to be translated; it is a fundamental concept through which the learner perceives and interacts with the Portuguese-speaking world, reflecting a complete integration of language and thought.
开始练习 例句 笔记与提示

deveres 30秒了解

  • Refers to moral, legal, or professional obligations.
  • Commonly used to mean 'homework' in school contexts.
  • Often paired with 'direitos' (rights) in civic discussions.
  • Requires verbs like 'cumprir' (fulfill) or 'fazer' (do).
The Portuguese word 'deveres' translates directly to 'duties' or 'obligations' in English. It is the plural form of the noun 'dever', which can also function as an auxiliary verb meaning 'must' or 'should'. When used as a noun, particularly in the plural form 'deveres', it encompasses a wide range of moral, legal, ethical, and practical obligations that an individual or an entity is expected to fulfill within a given society, community, or specific context. Understanding the concept of 'deveres' is fundamental not only for mastering the Portuguese language but also for comprehending the cultural and social fabric of Portuguese-speaking countries, where the balance between 'direitos' (rights) and 'deveres' (duties) is a frequent topic of civic discourse. In everyday life, 'deveres' can refer to the simple tasks assigned to children at school, commonly known as 'deveres de casa' or simply 'deveres', which translates to homework. This is often the first context in which language learners encounter the word. However, as one progresses in their language journey, the scope of 'deveres' expands significantly. It begins to cover familial responsibilities, such as the duties parents have towards their children and vice versa. In a professional setting, 'deveres' outlines the tasks and ethical standards an employee must adhere to. Legally, it refers to the binding obligations imposed by the state or a contract. The concept is deeply rooted in the idea of social contract and mutual responsibility. To truly grasp the depth of 'deveres', one must look at its usage in various contexts.
Civic Context
Refers to the obligations of a citizen towards their country, such as voting or paying taxes.

É um dos nossos principais deveres cívicos proteger o meio ambiente para as futuras gerações.

Furthermore, the philosophical dimension of 'deveres' cannot be ignored. Philosophers have long debated the nature of duty, and in Portuguese, this debate is articulated using this exact term. Whether it is Kantian ethics or utilitarianism, the translation of 'duty' remains 'dever'. When we speak of 'deveres morais' (moral duties), we are touching upon the unwritten rules that govern human decency and interpersonal respect. These are not enforced by law but by societal expectations and personal conscience.
Educational Context
Used to describe school assignments meant to be completed at home.

O aluno esqueceu de fazer os seus deveres de matemática ontem à noite.

In the corporate world, 'deveres' are explicitly outlined in employment contracts. An employee's 'deveres' might include punctuality, confidentiality, and the diligent execution of assigned tasks. Failure to fulfill these 'deveres' can result in disciplinary action or termination.
Professional Context
The specific tasks and ethical guidelines an employee agrees to follow.

O contrato estipula claramente todos os deveres do novo diretor financeiro.

The legal system also relies heavily on the concept of 'deveres'. 'Deveres legais' are obligations enforced by the state. This includes paying taxes, obeying traffic laws, and providing for one's dependents. The violation of legal duties often carries strict penalties, ranging from fines to imprisonment.

O juiz lembrou ao réu os seus deveres perante a lei e a sociedade.

Finally, in the context of family, 'deveres' take on a more intimate and nurturing tone. The 'deveres' of a parent involve providing food, shelter, education, and emotional support. These are seen as fundamental obligations that form the bedrock of a healthy society.

Cuidar dos pais idosos é visto por muitos como um dos maiores deveres dos filhos.

In summary, 'deveres' is a multifaceted word that bridges the gap between simple daily tasks and profound moral and legal obligations. Its mastery is essential for any serious learner of the Portuguese language.
Using the word 'deveres' correctly in Portuguese requires an understanding of the verbs and prepositions that typically accompany it, as well as the specific contexts in which it is appropriate. Because 'deveres' represents obligations or tasks, it is most frequently used as the direct object of action verbs that describe the fulfillment, neglect, or assignment of these obligations. The most common verb paired with 'deveres' is 'cumprir' (to fulfill or to comply with). When you say 'cumprir os deveres', you are stating that someone is doing what is expected or required of them. This collocation is highly prevalent in formal, legal, and professional contexts. Another very common verb is 'ter' (to have). 'Ter deveres' simply means to have duties or obligations. It is used to establish the existence of a responsibility.
Action Verbs
Verbs like cumprir, fazer, and negligenciar are essential when talking about duties.

Todo cidadão deve cumprir os seus deveres para garantir a harmonia social.

Conversely, when someone fails to meet their obligations, verbs like 'negligenciar' (to neglect), 'esquecer' (to forget), or 'falhar' (to fail) are used. For example, 'negligenciar os deveres' is a strong phrase often found in legal or formal reprimands, indicating a serious breach of responsibility. In the context of schoolwork, the verb 'fazer' (to do or to make) is the standard choice. 'Fazer os deveres' is the direct equivalent of 'doing homework'.
Prepositional Usage
Deveres is often followed by 'para com' or 'de' to specify the target or nature of the duty.

Ele foi demitido por negligenciar os seus deveres profissionais repetidamente.

When specifying who the duty is owed to, Portuguese often employs the prepositional phrase 'para com' (towards). For instance, 'deveres para com a pátria' (duties towards the homeland) or 'deveres para com a família' (duties towards the family). This construction elevates the register of the sentence, making it sound more formal and solemn. Alternatively, the preposition 'de' (of) is used to categorize the type of duty, such as 'deveres de cidadão' (duties of a citizen) or 'deveres de casa' (homework).
Adjectival Modifiers
Adjectives like morais, legais, and cívicos frequently modify deveres.

As crianças sentaram-se à mesa para fazer os deveres de casa antes do jantar.

It is also important to note the use of possessive pronouns with 'deveres'. Because duties are usually assigned to specific individuals or groups, words like 'meus' (my), 'seus' (your/his/their), and 'nossos' (our) frequently precede 'deveres'. This personalizes the obligation. For example, 'Eu conheço os meus deveres' (I know my duties) asserts personal accountability. In legal and bureaucratic documents, you will often see 'deveres' listed alongside 'direitos' (rights). The phrase 'direitos e deveres' is a fixed binomial expression in Portuguese, much like 'rights and responsibilities' in English.

A constituição estabelece os direitos e deveres de todos os brasileiros.

Finally, when using 'deveres' in a sentence, ensure that the surrounding grammar agrees with its plural, masculine form. Adjectives must end in '-os' (e.g., deveres rigorosos, deveres diários), and verbs must be conjugated in the plural if 'deveres' is the subject, though it is much more commonly the object.

Os nossos deveres para com a comunidade incluem o voluntariado e o respeito mútuo.

Mastering these collocations and grammatical structures will allow you to use 'deveres' naturally and accurately across a wide spectrum of conversational and formal situations.
The word 'deveres' permeates various facets of daily life, media, and formal discourse in Portuguese-speaking countries. Because it encapsulates the concept of obligation, you will encounter it in environments ranging from the intimate setting of a family home to the grand halls of a supreme court. Understanding where and how 'deveres' is used provides valuable insight into the cultural priorities and societal structures of these nations. One of the most common places a learner will hear 'deveres' is in the educational system, particularly in Brazil. Teachers frequently remind students about their 'deveres de casa' (homework). Parents will ask their children, 'Já fez os seus deveres?' (Have you done your homework?). In this context, the word is stripped of its heavy moral weight and simply refers to academic tasks.
School Environment
The most common everyday use, referring to homework assignments.

A professora passou muitos deveres para o fim de semana.

Moving beyond the classroom, 'deveres' is a staple of political and civic discourse. During election seasons, politicians frequently give speeches emphasizing the 'deveres' of the citizens to vote and participate in democracy. News broadcasts discussing new laws, tax regulations, or social policies will inevitably use the term. When a public figure is involved in a scandal, commentators might discuss how they failed in their 'deveres públicos' (public duties).
News and Politics
Used to discuss civic responsibilities, laws, and the obligations of public figures.

O presidente discursou sobre os deveres do estado para com os mais vulneráveis.

In the workplace, 'deveres' is a formal term found in employee handbooks, contracts, and performance reviews. Human resources departments outline the 'deveres' associated with specific roles. If an employee is promoted, they take on 'novos deveres' (new duties). During meetings, a manager might delegate tasks by outlining the 'deveres' of each team member.
Corporate Settings
Found in contracts, job descriptions, and HR policies outlining employee responsibilities.

No seu primeiro dia, o gerente de RH explicou todos os seus deveres na empresa.

The legal and judicial systems are perhaps where 'deveres' carries the most weight. Judges, lawyers, and legal scholars use the term constantly. Court rulings often hinge on whether a party fulfilled their 'deveres contratuais' (contractual duties) or 'deveres fiduciários' (fiduciary duties). Legal documents, such as terms of service agreements or rental contracts, always have sections dedicated to the 'direitos e deveres' of the involved parties.

O advogado argumentou que o réu não cumpriu os seus deveres de segurança.

Finally, you will hear 'deveres' in religious and philosophical contexts. Sermons in churches may focus on the 'deveres' of a believer towards God and their neighbors. Philosophical texts translated into Portuguese discuss the 'deveres morais' (moral duties) that guide ethical behavior. In these settings, the word transcends legal obligation and touches upon the spiritual and ethical core of human existence.

A religião ensina que a caridade é um dos nossos maiores deveres espirituais.

By listening for 'deveres' in these varied contexts, learners can appreciate its versatility and the critical role it plays in structuring Portuguese-speaking societies.
When learning the word 'deveres', students of Portuguese often encounter a few specific stumbling blocks. These mistakes usually stem from direct translation issues from their native languages, confusion with similar-sounding words, or a misunderstanding of the word's grammatical properties. Addressing these common errors is crucial for achieving fluency and sounding natural in Portuguese. One of the most frequent mistakes made by English speakers is confusing 'deveres' (duties/obligations) with 'dívidas' (debts). In English, 'duty' and 'debt' are distinct, but because the verb 'dever' in Portuguese means both 'to must/should' and 'to owe money', learners sometimes assume the noun 'deveres' covers financial debts as well. This is incorrect. If you owe money to a bank, you have 'dívidas', not 'deveres'. 'Deveres' strictly refers to moral, legal, or practical obligations, not financial liabilities.
Deveres vs. Dívidas
Never use 'deveres' to talk about owing money. Use 'dívidas' instead.

Incorreto: Eu tenho muitos deveres no banco. / Correto: Eu tenho muitas dívidas no banco.

Another common error occurs in the context of homework. In English, 'homework' is an uncountable noun (you say 'I have a lot of homework', not 'homeworks'). In Portuguese, however, the term is almost always used in the plural: 'deveres de casa'. Learners often translate the English singular directly and say 'Eu tenho muito dever de casa'. While this is sometimes understood and even used colloquially in parts of Brazil, the standard, grammatically correct form, especially in Portugal and formal writing, is the plural 'deveres'.
Pluralization for Homework
Always use the plural 'deveres' when referring to school assignments in formal contexts.

Incorreto: Eu fiz o meu dever. / Correto: Eu fiz os meus deveres.

A third mistake involves the choice of verbs. English speakers might try to directly translate 'to make a duty' or 'to take a duty'. In Portuguese, you do not 'fazer um dever' when referring to formal obligations (though you do 'fazer deveres' for homework). For formal, legal, or moral duties, the correct verb is 'cumprir' (to fulfill). Using 'fazer' in a formal context sounds unnatural and overly simplistic.
Verb Collocation
Use 'cumprir' for formal duties, not 'fazer'.

Incorreto: O soldado fez o seu dever. / Correto: O soldado cumpriu o seu dever.

Pronunciation can also be a minor hurdle. The word is pronounced /de.'ve.ɾis/ in Brazil and /dɨ.'ve.ɾɨʃ/ in Portugal. Learners sometimes stress the first syllable instead of the second, or mispronounce the final 'es'. Remembering that the stress falls on the 've' is key to being understood clearly. Finally, learners sometimes forget that 'deveres' is a masculine noun. Because it ends in '-es', some might mistakenly apply feminine articles or adjectives. Always ensure agreement: 'os deveres', 'muitos deveres', 'deveres rigorosos'.

Incorreto: As deveres são difíceis. / Correto: Os deveres são difíceis.

By being mindful of these common pitfalls—distinguishing it from financial debt, using the correct plural forms, selecting appropriate verbs, and maintaining masculine agreement—learners can confidently and accurately incorporate 'deveres' into their Portuguese vocabulary.
The Portuguese language offers a rich vocabulary for expressing concepts related to obligation, responsibility, and tasks. While 'deveres' is a highly versatile and common word, there are several synonyms and related terms that carry slightly different nuances. Understanding these subtle distinctions allows learners to choose the most precise word for their intended meaning, elevating their language proficiency from intermediate to advanced. One of the most direct synonyms for 'deveres' is 'obrigações' (obligations). 'Obrigações' is very close in meaning and is often used interchangeably with 'deveres' in legal and formal contexts. However, 'obrigações' tends to carry a slightly stronger sense of external compulsion or binding requirement. While a 'dever' can be a self-imposed moral stance, an 'obrigação' usually implies that someone or something else is forcing the action.
Obrigações
Stronger than deveres, implying a strict, often externally imposed requirement.

Pagar impostos não é apenas um dever, é uma das nossas maiores obrigações legais.

Another closely related word is 'responsabilidades' (responsibilities). While 'deveres' focuses on the specific tasks or actions that must be performed, 'responsabilidades' focuses on the state of being accountable for something or someone. For example, a manager has the 'responsabilidade' (accountability) for a team, which entails various 'deveres' (specific tasks like scheduling and reviewing).
Responsabilidades
Focuses on accountability and the burden of care, rather than specific tasks.

Assumir a gerência traz novas responsabilidades e muitos deveres diários.

When referring to everyday chores or specific, practical tasks, the word 'tarefas' (tasks/chores) is highly appropriate. If 'deveres' sounds too formal or heavy for talking about washing the dishes or filing a report, 'tarefas' is the perfect alternative. In a household, parents assign 'tarefas domésticas' (household chores) rather than 'deveres domésticos'.
Tarefas
Used for practical, everyday chores or specific assignments at work.

A minha principal tarefa hoje é organizar os arquivos do escritório.

For a more formal or bureaucratic tone, the word 'encargos' (charges/burdens) can be used. 'Encargos' often refers to duties that involve a financial or heavy administrative burden. For instance, 'encargos sociais' refers to the social security taxes an employer must pay. It is less about moral duty and more about administrative or financial responsibility.

O novo diretor assumiu todos os encargos administrativos do departamento.

Finally, 'compromissos' (commitments/appointments) is used when a duty arises from a specific agreement or promise made to someone else. If you have a meeting, it is a 'compromisso'. It is a duty based on scheduling and personal word, rather than a universal moral or legal law.

Não posso ir à festa hoje porque tenho outros compromissos inadiáveis.

By mastering these synonyms—obrigações, responsabilidades, tarefas, encargos, and compromissos—learners can navigate the nuances of the Portuguese language with much greater precision and fluency.

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1

Eu tenho muitos deveres hoje.

I have a lot of homework today.

'Deveres' is used here as a plural noun meaning homework. 'Muitos' agrees in gender and number.

2

Os deveres de matemática são difíceis.

The math homework is difficult.

Notice the agreement: 'Os' (masculine plural article) and 'difíceis' (plural adjective).

3

Você fez os deveres?

Did you do the homework?

The verb 'fazer' (to do) is the standard verb used with 'deveres' in the context of homework.

4

Eu faço os deveres à noite.

I do my homework at night.

'À noite' indicates the time. Present tense of 'fazer' is 'faço'.

5

Onde estão os meus deveres?

Where is my homework?

'Meus' is the masculine plural possessive pronoun agreeing with 'deveres'.

6

Ela não gosta de fazer deveres.

She doesn't like doing homework.

'Gostar de' is followed by the infinitive 'fazer'.

7

Os deveres estão no caderno.

The homework is in the notebook.

'Estão' is the plural form of the verb 'estar' (to be - location).

8

Nós temos deveres de inglês.

We have English homework.

'Temos' is the first person plural of 'ter' (to have).

1

Ajudar em casa é um dos meus deveres.

Helping at home is one of my duties.

'Um dos' means 'one of the'. Here 'deveres' expands to mean household chores.

2

O professor corrigiu os nossos deveres.

The teacher corrected our homework.

'Corrigiu' is the past tense (perfeito) of 'corrigir'.

3

Eu esqueci de trazer os deveres.

I forgot to bring the homework.

'Esquecer de' + infinitive is a common structure.

4

Quais são os seus deveres no trabalho?

What are your duties at work?

'Quais são' is used to ask 'what are' when referring to a plural noun.

5

Ela sempre cumpre os seus deveres.

She always fulfills her duties.

Introduction of the verb 'cumprir' (to fulfill), which is very common with 'deveres'.

6

Nós precisamos terminar os deveres cedo.

We need to finish the homework early.

'Precisar' + infinitive expresses necessity.

7

Os pais têm deveres para com os filhos.

Parents have duties towards their children.

The prepositional phrase 'para com' means 'towards' in the context of obligation.

8

Limpar o quarto é o teu dever.

Cleaning the room is your duty.

Using the singular 'dever' to emphasize a specific, single obligation.

1

Todo cidadão tem direitos e deveres.

Every citizen has rights and duties.

'Direitos e deveres' is a fixed binomial expression in Portuguese.

2

É importante conhecer os nossos deveres cívicos.

It is important to know our civic duties.

'Cívicos' is an adjective modifying 'deveres', agreeing in gender and number.

3

Ele foi elogiado por cumprir os seus deveres.

He was praised for fulfilling his duties.

'Por' + infinitive ('cumprir') explains the reason for the praise.

4

A empresa falhou nos seus deveres ambientais.

The company failed in its environmental duties.

'Falhar em' becomes 'falhou nos' (em + os) before 'deveres'.

5

O contrato estabelece os deveres de ambas as partes.

The contract establishes the duties of both parties.

'Estabelece' (establishes) is a formal verb often used with rules and duties.

6

Eles discutiram os deveres morais da sociedade.

They discussed the moral duties of society.

'Morais' is the plural of 'moral', agreeing with 'deveres'.

7

Não negligencie os seus deveres familiares.

Do not neglect your family duties.

'Negligencie' is the negative imperative form of 'negligenciar'.

8

O serviço militar é um dos deveres do estado.

Military service is one of the duties of the state.

Using 'do estado' to specify whose duty it is.

1

O diretor foi destituído por incumprimento de deveres.

The director was dismissed for breach of duties.

'Incumprimento' is a formal noun meaning failure to fulfill or breach.

2

Os deveres fiduciários exigem total transparência.

Fiduciary duties require total transparency.

'Fiduciários' is an advanced legal/financial adjective.

3

Ela assumiu os deveres inerentes ao novo cargo.

She assumed the duties inherent to the new position.

'Inerentes a' means 'inherent to', a sophisticated way to link duties to a role.

4

A constituição consagra um vasto leque de deveres.

The constitution enshrines a vast range of duties.

'Consagra' (enshrines) and 'vasto leque' (vast range) elevate the register significantly.

5

É imperativo que o governo cumpra os seus deveres constitucionais.

It is imperative that the government fulfills its constitutional duties.

'É imperativo que' triggers the subjunctive mood 'cumpra'.

6

O médico agiu de acordo com os seus deveres éticos.

The doctor acted in accordance with his ethical duties.

'De acordo com' means 'in accordance with'.

7

A sobrecarga de deveres levou-o à exaustão.

The overload of duties led him to exhaustion.

'Sobrecarga' means overload or burden.

8

Eles redigiram um manual detalhando os deveres dos funcionários.

They drafted a manual detailing the employees' duties.

'Redigiram' is a formal verb for 'wrote' or 'drafted'.

1

A deontologia profissional estipula deveres inalienáveis.

Professional deontology stipulates inalienable duties.

'Deontologia' (ethics) and 'inalienáveis' (inalienable) represent C1 level vocabulary.

2

O conflito entre deveres morais e legais é um tema recorrente.

The conflict between moral and legal duties is a recurring theme.

Abstract conceptual discussion typical of C1.

3

Ele eximiu-se dos seus deveres alegando ignorância.

He exempted himself from his duties claiming ignorance.

'Eximir-se de' is an advanced reflexive verb meaning to exempt oneself or shirk.

4

A assunção de novos deveres requer uma reestruturação departamental.

The assumption of new duties requires a departmental restructuring.

'Assunção' is the formal noun form of 'assumir'.

5

Os deveres de probidade são essenciais na administração pública.

Duties of probity are essential in public administration.

'Probidade' (probity/integrity) is a highly formal term.

6

A jurisprudência tem clarificado o alcance destes deveres.

Jurisprudence has clarified the scope of these duties.

'Jurisprudência' and 'alcance' (scope) belong to a legal/academic register.

7

Trata-se de uma violação flagrante dos deveres de cuidado.

It is a flagrant violation of the duties of care.

'Violação flagrante' is a strong, formal collocation.

8

A complexidade inerente aos deveres do cargo não deve ser subestimada.

The complexity inherent to the duties of the position should not be underestimated.

Passive voice 'não deve ser subestimada' combined with abstract nouns.

1

A ontologia do dever kantiano pressupõe imperativos categóricos.

The ontology of Kantian duty presupposes categorical imperatives.

Highly specialized philosophical jargon (ontologia, kantiano, imperativos categóricos).

2

A prevaricação consubstancia-se no incumprimento doloso de deveres públicos.

Prevarication is embodied in the willful non-compliance of public duties.

'Consubstancia-se' and 'doloso' are extremely advanced legal terms.

3

O escrutínio público incide implacavelmente sobre os deveres dos governantes.

Public scrutiny falls relentlessly upon the duties of the rulers.

'Incide implacavelmente' shows a mastery of adverbs and formal verbs.

4

A dialética entre direitos inatos e deveres adquiridos molda a sociedade civil.

The dialectic between innate rights and acquired duties shapes civil society.

'Dialética' and 'inatos' reflect a deep, academic understanding of societal structures.

5

Qualquer derrogação destes deveres implicará sanções pecuniárias severas.

Any derogation of these duties will entail severe pecuniary sanctions.

'Derrogação' and 'sanções pecuniárias' are top-tier legal vocabulary.

6

O ethos da instituição repousa no cumprimento escrupuloso dos seus deveres.

The ethos of the institution rests on the scrupulous fulfillment of its duties.

'Ethos', 'repousa', and 'escrupuloso' demonstrate C2 stylistic flair.

7

A exegese do texto legal revela uma teia intrincada de deveres recíprocos.

The exegesis of the legal text reveals an intricate web of reciprocal duties.

'Exegese' (critical explanation) is a highly specialized academic term.

8

A mitigação dos danos não o exime dos deveres primordiais outrora assumidos.

The mitigation of damages does not exempt him from the primordial duties previously assumed.

Complex sentence structure combining 'mitigação', 'exime', 'primordiais', and 'outrora'.

常见搭配

cumprir os deveres
deveres de casa
direitos e deveres
deveres cívicos
deveres morais
negligenciar os deveres
deveres profissionais
deveres legais
ter deveres
deveres familiares

常用短语

fazer os deveres

cumprir com o seu dever

sentido de dever

faltar aos seus deveres

deveres para com a pátria

conhecer os seus deveres

impor deveres

livre de deveres

deveres do ofício

deveres conjugais

容易混淆的词

deveres vs dívidas

deveres vs direitos

deveres vs tarefas

习语与表达

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

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容易混淆

deveres vs

deveres vs

deveres vs

deveres vs

deveres vs

句型

如何使用

nuance

Implies a moral or legal weight that synonyms like 'tarefas' lack.

formality

Highly versatile. 'Deveres de casa' is informal/everyday, while 'deveres cívicos' is formal.

常见错误
  • Using 'deveres' to mean financial debts (should be dívidas).
  • Using the feminine article 'as' instead of the masculine 'os' (os deveres).
  • Using the verb 'fazer' for formal legal duties instead of 'cumprir'.
  • Translating 'homework' as a singular noun 'dever' in formal writing (should be plural 'deveres').
  • Pronouncing the stress on the first syllable instead of the second (de-VE-res).

小贴士

Masculine Plural

Always remember that 'deveres' is masculine. Say 'os deveres', not 'as deveres'. Adjectives must also match: 'deveres cívicos'.

Fazer vs. Cumprir

Use 'fazer' for school homework. Use 'cumprir' for serious adult responsibilities. This distinction makes you sound fluent.

Direitos e Deveres

Memorize this phrase. It is the cornerstone of Portuguese civic discussions. You will hear it in news and politics constantly.

Not Debts!

Never translate financial 'debts' as 'deveres'. Always use 'dívidas' when talking about money you owe to a bank or person.

Brazil vs. Portugal

If you are in Brazil, say 'deveres de casa'. If you are in Portugal, say 'trabalhos de casa' (TPC) to sound more local.

Para com

To sound highly advanced, use 'deveres para com' instead of just 'deveres de' when talking about duties towards people or society.

Stress the 'VE'

The stress is on the second syllable: de-VE-res. Don't stress the first syllable, or it will sound unnatural.

Formal Emails

In business emails, refer to your job tasks as 'deveres profissionais' or 'obrigações' to maintain a professional tone.

News Context

When listening to the news, if you hear 'deveres', expect the topic to be about laws, politics, or a public scandal.

Use Tarefas for Chores

Don't use 'deveres' for washing dishes. Use 'tarefas domésticas'. Save 'deveres' for homework or serious obligations.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'deveres' as 'deliveries' you MUST make to society—you must deliver your homework, deliver your taxes, and deliver good behavior.

词源

From Latin 'debere', meaning 'to owe' or 'to be bound to do something'.

文化背景

In Brazil, 'dever de casa' or simply 'dever' is the standard term for homework. The singular is often used colloquially for the plural concept.

In Portugal, while 'deveres' is understood, 'trabalhos de casa' (often abbreviated as TPC) is the much more common term for school homework.

在生活中练习

真实语境

对话开场白

"Quais você acha que são os principais deveres de um cidadão?"

"Você costumava fazer os seus deveres de casa logo depois da escola?"

"Como podemos equilibrar os nossos direitos e os nossos deveres?"

"Quais são os seus deveres no seu trabalho atual?"

"Você acha que as empresas cumprem os seus deveres ambientais?"

日记主题

Escreva sobre um momento em que foi difícil cumprir os seus deveres.

Faça uma lista dos seus deveres diários e como você se sente em relação a eles.

Qual é a diferença entre um dever moral e um dever legal na sua opinião?

Descreva os deveres de uma profissão que você admira.

Como os deveres de casa afetaram a sua infância?

常见问题

10 个问题

No. 'Deveres' strictly refers to moral, legal, or practical obligations. If you owe money, you have 'dívidas'. The verb 'dever' can mean to owe money, but the noun 'deveres' does not.

It is understood, but it is not the most common term. In Portugal, people usually say 'trabalhos de casa' or 'TPC'. 'Deveres de casa' is much more common in Brazil.

The singular is 'dever'. You can say 'É o meu dever' (It is my duty). However, when talking about homework or a list of obligations, the plural 'deveres' is standard.

For homework, use 'fazer' (fazer os deveres). For formal, legal, or moral duties, use 'cumprir' (cumprir os deveres). You can also use 'ter' (ter deveres) to say you have duties.

The direct opposite is 'direitos' (rights). These two words are very frequently paired together in Portuguese, as in the phrase 'direitos e deveres'.

It is a masculine noun. Therefore, you must use masculine articles and adjectives, such as 'os deveres', 'muitos deveres', or 'deveres rigorosos'.

The most formal and correct way is to use the prepositional phrase 'para com'. For example, 'deveres para com a família' (duties towards the family).

Yes, absolutely. You will often hear about 'deveres espirituais' (spiritual duties) or 'deveres para com Deus' (duties towards God) in religious settings.

It means to neglect one's duties. It is a formal phrase often used in legal or professional contexts when someone fails to do what they are supposed to do.

They are very close synonyms. However, 'obrigações' often implies a stronger external force or a strict legal/contractual requirement, while 'deveres' can also be internal moral compass.

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