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A2 verb #7,500 最常用 9分钟阅读

engomar

前7,500

开始练习例句笔记与提示 engomar 30秒了解

解析 engomar in your Level:

At the A1 level, learners should recognize 'engomar' as a basic action word related to the home. It is often introduced alongside vocabulary for clothing (camisa, calças) and domestic chores. A1 students only need to know the present tense 'eu engomo' and the basic infinitive to express a need: 'Eu preciso de engomar a minha camisa.' The focus is on survival communication—asking for an iron at a hotel or understanding a simple instruction about laundry. At this stage, it's helpful to associate the word with the physical object 'o ferro' (the iron). The goal is to build a foundation where the student can identify the activity in a list of chores or a simple daily routine description. They don't need to worry about the 'starching' history or metaphorical uses yet.

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At the A2 level, students should be able to use 'engomar' in the past and future tenses. They should be familiar with the 'tábua de engomar' (ironing board) and be able to describe their chores in more detail. An A2 learner might say, 'Ontem engomei toda a minha roupa' (Yesterday I ironed all my clothes) or 'Vou engomar o meu vestido amanhã' (I'm going to iron my dress tomorrow). They should also recognize the word 'engomadoria' when walking through a Portuguese city, understanding that it's a place where laundry services are provided. This level involves expanding the context from just 'me' to 'others' and 'services'. Simple requests like 'Pode engomar isto para hoje?' (Can you iron this for today?) are appropriate for this stage.

B1 learners move into more complex grammar and social contexts. They should be comfortable using 'engomar' in the subjunctive and conditional moods: 'Se eu tivesse tempo, engomaria a roupa' (If I had time, I would iron the clothes). They also start to learn word families, such as the noun 'engomagem' (the act of ironing) and the adjective 'engomado' (ironed/stiff). At B1, students can discuss the pros and cons of ironing and perhaps mention regional differences between Portugal and Brazil. They can follow more detailed instructions on clothing labels (e.g., 'não engomar a altas temperaturas'). They begin to use the word in the context of professional expectations, such as 'é importante levar uma camisa bem engomada para a entrevista.'

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At the B2 level, the learner uses 'engomar' with nuance. They understand the metaphorical use of 'engomado' to describe someone who is overly formal or rigid. They can participate in discussions about domestic labor, the economy of small businesses like 'engomadorias', and the environmental impact of high-heat appliances. B2 students should be able to explain the process in detail: 'Para engomar bem o linho, é preciso que o tecido esteja um pouco húmido.' They can handle complex sentence structures and use the verb in various idiomatic expressions or as part of more sophisticated arguments about lifestyle and presentation. Their vocabulary around the subject is rich, including terms like 'vincos' (creases) and 'vapor' (steam).

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C1 learners possess a deep understanding of 'engomar', including its historical and cultural weight. They can appreciate literary uses of the word where it might describe the atmosphere of a home or the character of a person. They understand the nuances between 'engomar', 'passar a ferro', and 'brunir', choosing the most appropriate term for the register and context. A C1 student can write a detailed critique or a formal guide on garment care, using 'engomagem' as a technical term. They are also aware of the social connotations of 'clothes being well-ironed' in different Lusophone cultures and can discuss how these traditions are changing with modern fashion and fabric technology.

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At the C2 level, 'engomar' is used with total native-like fluidity. The speaker can use the word in puns, complex metaphors, and highly specialized professional contexts. They might use it to describe a 'polished' speech or a 'stiff' piece of legislation. They are familiar with archaic uses or regional dialects where the word might take on slightly different shades. A C2 learner can navigate the most subtle social situations where the state of one's clothing (being 'engomada') might be a silent indicator of status or intent. They have full mastery over the word's morphology and can effortlessly integrate it into any stylistic choice, from poetic prose to technical manuals for industrial textile machinery.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

engomar 30秒了解

Engomar is the standard European Portuguese verb for ironing clothes to remove wrinkles.
It comes from the word 'goma' (starch), reflecting the traditional practice of stiffening fabrics.
While 'passar a ferro' is also used, 'engomar' is the most common term for this task in Portugal.
The adjective 'engomado' can literally mean ironed or figuratively mean a person is very stiff and formal.

The Portuguese verb engomar primarily refers to the act of smoothing out wrinkles in clothing or linens using a heated iron. While it is often used as a direct synonym for passar a ferro (to iron), its etymological roots lie in the application of goma (starch) to fabric to make it stiff and crisp. In modern European Portuguese, it is the standard term for ironing, whereas in Brazil, passar is significantly more common. Understanding when to use engomar involves recognizing the cultural value placed on presentation and domestic care in Lusophone societies.

Domestic Setting: In a typical Portuguese household, the weekend might be dedicated to 'a montanha de roupa para engomar' (the mountain of clothes to iron). It implies a thorough, caring process of preparing garments for the week ahead.

A minha avó passava horas a engomar os lençóis de linho para que ficassem impecáveis.

Beyond the literal action, engomar carries a connotation of formality and precision. When someone says a shirt is bem engomada, they aren't just saying it isn't wrinkled; they are suggesting it looks professional, sharp, and perhaps even slightly stiff, as if it just came from a professional cleaner. This leads into the commercial sector, where shops providing these services are called engomadorias.

Professional Services: An 'engomadoria' is a specialized business where you drop off washed clothes to be professionally ironed. This is a common service in Portuguese cities for busy professionals who wear formal attire.

In a metaphorical sense, the word can touch upon social behavior. To be engomado (the participle used as an adjective) can describe a person who is very stiff, formal, or 'straight-laced' in their mannerisms, much like a starched shirt collar. It suggests a lack of spontaneity or a high degree of social rigidity.

Ele é tão engomado que parece que tem um pau nas costas.

Material Specificity: Certain fabrics 'pedem para ser engomados' (ask to be ironed). Cotton and linen are the primary targets for this verb, as they wrinkle easily and show the results of 'engomagem' most clearly.

Using engomar correctly requires understanding its transitivity and common objects. It is a transitive verb, meaning it usually takes a direct object—the item of clothing being ironed. You will frequently see it paired with articles of clothing like camisas (shirts), calças (trousers), or vestidos (dresses).

Basic Conjugation: 'Eu engomo' (I iron), 'Tu engomas' (You iron), 'Ele engoma' (He irons). It follows the regular -ar conjugation pattern, making it relatively easy for learners to master.

Podes engomar esta blusa para mim antes do jantar?

When discussing the process, you might use the gerund or the infinitive after auxiliary verbs. For instance, 'Estou a engomar' (I am ironing) is the standard European Portuguese construction. If you want to emphasize the difficulty or the volume of work, you might use it in a passive-like structure: 'Há muita roupa para ser engomada' (There is a lot of clothes to be ironed).

Instrumental Usage: You iron 'com o ferro' (with the iron) on 'a tábua de engomar' (the ironing board). These nouns are essential companions to the verb.

Preciso de comprar uma tábua de engomar nova porque a antiga partiu-se.

In more formal or technical contexts, you might encounter the noun form engomagem. This refers to the process or the result of ironing. For example, a dry cleaner might offer 'serviço de lavagem e engomagem' (wash and iron service). Using the noun adds a layer of professionalism to the conversation.

The Adjective 'Engomado': Used to describe the state of the clothes. 'Uma camisa bem engomada' is a mark of a well-dressed individual.

Não gosto de engomar calças de ganga; acho que não é necessário.

The word engomar is ubiquitous in Portugal, from the most humble homes to the most expensive boutiques. If you walk down a residential street in Lisbon or Porto, you might see small shops with 'Engomadoria' written on the window. These are central to the local economy, often run by individuals who provide a vital service to the neighborhood.

The 'Engomadoria' Culture: In Portugal, it is very common to outsource ironing. People drop off baskets of clean, wrinkled laundry and pick them up a day later, perfectly pressed and on hangers. You'll hear: 'Tenho de passar na engomadoria para levantar as camisas.'

A engomadoria ao pé da minha casa é muito barata e rápida.

In family conversations, engomar is often part of the 'to-do' list discussions. Parents might tell their children: 'Não te esqueças de engomar a tua farda para amanhã' (Don't forget to iron your uniform for tomorrow). It's a word associated with preparation, discipline, and looking one's best for school or work.

Fashion and Retail: In clothing stores, assistants spend a significant portion of their time 'a engomar a roupa' that has been tried on or just arrived in boxes. If you ask for a size from the back, they might say: 'Um momento, vou só engomar a peça para lhe entregar.'

O vestido está um pouco amarrotado, vou pedir para o engomar antes de você o levar.

You will also hear it in the context of hospitality. High-end hotels pride themselves on their 'serviço de engomagem'. If you call the front desk to have a shirt pressed for a meeting, this is the verb you will use. It conveys a level of service higher than just 'cleaning'.

Radio and TV Ads: Advertisements for irons (ferros de engomar) or fabric softeners often use this verb to highlight how their product makes the task easier. 'Engomar nunca foi tão fácil' (Ironing has never been so easy) is a classic marketing slogan.

Com este novo ferro a vapor, engomar as camisas demora metade do tempo.

One of the most frequent mistakes for English speakers is confusing engomar with engolir (to swallow) due to the similar starting sound. While they sound vaguely alike to a beginner, their meanings are worlds apart. Another common error is using the word ferro (iron) as a verb, as in 'Eu ferro a roupa'. In Portuguese, you must use a verb like engomar or the phrase passar a ferro.

Confusion with 'Passar': While 'passar' is used in Brazil, in Portugal, 'passar' alone can mean many things (to pass, to spend time, to happen). If you just say 'Vou passar a minha roupa', a Portuguese person might be slightly confused unless you add 'a ferro'. 'Engomar' is much more specific and clearer in a European context.

Incorrect: Eu vou ferrar a minha camisa.
Correct: Eu vou engomar a minha camisa.

Another mistake involves the preposition. You engomar a roupa (direct object), not na roupa. Some learners mistakenly add prepositions where they aren't needed. Additionally, watch out for the adjective engomado. Using it to describe a person's personality is fine, but using it to describe someone who is simply 'neat' might be too strong; it often implies a negative stiffness or pretentiousness.

The 'Goma' Misconception: Learners often think 'engomar' *must* involve starch. While that's the origin, today it just means ironing. You don't need to actually use starch (goma) to use the verb 'engomar'.

Ele está muito engomado hoje. (He is very stiff/formal today - potentially an insult or observation of rigidity).

Finally, don't confuse engomar with alisar. Alisar means to smooth out in general (like smoothing your hair or a piece of paper with your hand). Engomar specifically requires the heat and pressure of an iron. If you use alisar for clothes, it sounds like you are just petting the fabric with your palms.

Vou engomar a toalha de mesa para a festa. (I will iron the tablecloth for the party).

While engomar is the go-to verb in Portugal, there are several alternatives and related terms that provide nuance or are used in different regions. The most common alternative is the phrase passar a ferro. This is used interchangeably with engomar in Portugal but is almost the exclusive way to express the concept in Brazil (often shortened to just passar).

Passar a Ferro vs. Engomar: 'Passar a ferro' literally means 'to pass with the iron'. It is slightly more descriptive of the physical action, whereas 'engomar' focuses on the result of the fabric becoming smooth and crisp. In casual conversation, both are fine.

Tenho de passar a ferro estas t-shirts. (I have to iron these t-shirts).

Another related verb is alisar. As mentioned before, this means 'to smooth'. It is used when you are trying to get wrinkles out without necessarily using an iron—perhaps by hanging a garment in a steamy bathroom or pulling it tight while it's damp. It's a more general term for making something flat or smooth.

Vincar: This means 'to crease'. While engomar is about removing wrinkles, vincar is about adding a specific, intentional line, like the crease down the front of formal trousers. 'Engomar e vincar' is the ultimate professional finish.

Podes vincar bem as calças do meu fato?

In technical or older contexts, you might hear brunir. This refers to polishing or giving a shine to fabric, often through a very hot iron or specific industrial processes. It's rare in daily speech but common in textile history. For a more modern, informal alternative, some might say dar um jeito na roupa (to fix up the clothes), which could imply a quick, non-thorough ironing.

Prensagem: This is 'pressing', usually referring to the industrial machines used in 'lavandarias' (laundries) that press large surfaces at once, like bedsheets.

Esta máquina de prensagem facilita muito o trabalho no hotel.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

In the past, 'engomar' was a status symbol because only the wealthy could afford the labor and starch required to have perfectly stiff collars and cuffs.

发音指南

UK /ẽ.ɡu.ˈmaɾ/

US /en.ɡo.ˈmɑɹ/

The stress is on the last syllable: en-go-MAR.

押韵词

amar cantar falar andar olhar chegar tomar estar

常见错误

Pronouncing the 'n' fully as in 'engine'.
Pronouncing the 'g' as a 'j' sound.
Stressing the first syllable.

难度评级

阅读 2/5

Easy to recognize in context of laundry or home.

写作 3/5

Regular conjugation makes it easy, but remember the 'n' is silent.

口语 4/5

Nasal 'en' and the 'go' sound can be tricky for English speakers.

听力 3/5

Clear pronunciation in Portugal, but often fast.

接下来学什么

前置知识

roupa ferro limpar casa lavar

接下来学习

lavandaria lixívia amaciador estender secar

高级

brunir vincar goma textura linho

需要掌握的语法

Regular -ar verbs in the Present Tense

Eu engomo, tu engomas, ele engoma...

Use of 'de' after 'precisar'

Preciso de engomar (I need to iron).

Nasal vowels (en)

The 'en' in engomar sounds like the 'an' in 'então'.

Placement of pronouns with infinitives

Vou engomar a camisa -> Vou engomá-la.

Passive voice with 'ser'

A camisa foi engomada pela minha mãe.

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按水平分级的例句

Eu engomo a minha camisa azul.

I iron my blue shirt.

Present tense, first person singular.

Tu engomas as calças?

Do you iron the pants?

Present tense, second person singular question.

Ele não gosta de engomar.

He doesn't like to iron.

Infinitive after a verb of preference (gostar de).

Onde está o ferro de engomar?

Where is the iron?

Noun phrase 'ferro de engomar' (iron).

Ela engoma a roupa no domingo.

She irons the clothes on Sunday.

Present tense, third person singular.

Nós engomamos as t-shirts.

We iron the t-shirts.

Present tense, first person plural.

Eles engomam muito bem.

They iron very well.

Present tense, third person plural with an adverb.

Preciso de engomar este vestido.

I need to iron this dress.

'Preciso de' + infinitive.

Ontem eu engomei dez camisas.

Yesterday I ironed ten shirts.

Pretérito Perfeito (Past Simple).

Vais engomar a roupa hoje?

Are you going to iron the clothes today?

Future with 'ir' + infinitive.

A minha mãe está a engomar os lençóis.

My mother is ironing the sheets.

Present continuous (Estar a + infinitive).

Comprei uma tábua de engomar nova.

I bought a new ironing board.

Noun 'tábua de engomar'.

Ela engomava a roupa enquanto via televisão.

She used to iron the clothes while watching TV.

Pretérito Imperfeito (Past Continuous/Used to).

Podia engomar esta blusa para mim?

Could you iron this blouse for me?

Conditional/Polite Imperfect.

Não engomes a seda com o ferro muito quente.

Don't iron silk with a very hot iron.

Negative Imperative.

O serviço de engomadoria é caro aqui.

The ironing service is expensive here.

Noun 'engomadoria'.

Se eu tivesse tempo, engomaria tudo agora.

If I had time, I would iron everything now.

Conditional mood with 'se' clause.

Espero que ela engome o meu fato para o casamento.

I hope she irons my suit for the wedding.

Present Subjunctive after 'espero que'.

A engomagem desta camisa é difícil por causa dos botões.

Ironing this shirt is difficult because of the buttons.

Noun 'engomagem'.

Ele apareceu na festa todo engomado.

He showed up at the party all 'stiff' (formally dressed).

Adjective 'engomado' used figuratively.

É necessário engomar a roupa antes de a guardar.

It is necessary to iron the clothes before putting them away.

Infinitive after 'é necessário'.

Embora esteja calor, tenho de engomar.

Although it's hot, I have to iron.

Concessive clause with 'embora'.

A roupa ficou mal engomada.

The clothes were badly ironed.

Adjective 'engomada' with adverb 'mal'.

Quero uma engomadoria que faça entregas ao domicílio.

I want an ironing service that does home deliveries.

Relative clause with Subjunctive.

Duvido que ele saiba engomar uma camisa de linho.

I doubt he knows how to iron a linen shirt.

Subjunctive after 'duvido que'.

A técnica de engomar a vapor é mais eficiente.

The steam ironing technique is more efficient.

Noun phrase with 'a vapor'.

Desde que a engomadoria fechou, a minha vida é um caos.

Since the ironing shop closed, my life is chaos.

Temporal clause with 'desde que'.

Ele é tão engomado que nunca se ri.

He is so stiff/formal that he never laughs.

Figurative use of 'engomado'.

Ao engomar, deves ter cuidado com os folhos.

When ironing, you should be careful with the ruffles.

'Ao' + infinitive (meaning 'when').

Não vale a pena engomar lençóis de baixo.

It's not worth ironing bottom sheets.

Idiom 'não vale a pena'.

Ela prefere engomar a ouvir música clássica.

She prefers ironing while listening to classical music.

Preference construction.

O linho exige ser engomado ainda húmido.

Linen requires being ironed while still damp.

Passive infinitive construction.

A engomagem meticulosa é um sinal de brio profissional.

Meticulous ironing is a sign of professional pride.

Abstract noun usage.

Raramente se vê alguém a engomar com tanto esmero.

One rarely sees someone ironing with such care.

Passive 'se' and adverbial phrase 'com esmero'.

O autor descreve a mãe a engomar como um ritual sagrado.

The author describes the mother ironing as a sacred ritual.

Literary context.

Caso decidas engomar o cetim, usa um pano por cima.

Should you decide to iron satin, use a cloth on top.

Hypothetical 'caso' + subjunctive.

A rigidez daquela sociedade era como um colarinho engomado.

The rigidity of that society was like a starched collar.

Simile/Metaphorical usage.

Por mais que engomes, esta farda nunca fica bem.

No matter how much you iron, this uniform never looks good.

Concessive 'por mais que' + subjunctive.

A engomadoria tornou-se um refúgio para as fofocas do bairro.

The ironing shop became a haven for neighborhood gossip.

Sociocultural observation.

Convém engomar as costuras pelo avesso para não brilhar.

It is advisable to iron the seams on the reverse so they don't shine.

Instructional formal register.

A prosa dele é tão engomada que carece de qualquer vitalidade.

His prose is so stiff that it lacks any vitality.

Highly metaphorical use in literary criticism.

Haverá sempre quem prefira o conforto do amarrotado ao rigor do engomado.

There will always be those who prefer the comfort of the wrinkled to the rigor of the ironed.

Philosophical/Abstract substantivization of adjectives.

A perícia no engomar de tecidos nobres distingue as grandes casas de moda.

Expertise in ironing noble fabrics distinguishes the great fashion houses.

Gerund-like use of the infinitive as a noun.

Nada obsta a que se engome a seda, desde que com a devida cautela.

Nothing prevents ironing silk, provided it is done with due caution.

Complex formal structure 'Nada obsta a que'.

O aroma da goma a queimar evocava-lhe memórias de uma infância austera.

The smell of burning starch evoked memories of an austere childhood.

Evocative sensory language.

Engomar o passado é uma tentativa fútil de branquear a história.

Ironing out the past is a futile attempt to whitewash history.

Deeply metaphorical/Political usage.

Pese embora o esforço em engomar a situação, o escândalo rebentou.

Despite the effort to 'smooth over' the situation, the scandal broke.

Idiomatic use of 'engomar a situação' (to smooth things over).

A engomagem industrial subverte a delicadeza intrínseca das fibras naturais.

Industrial ironing subverts the intrinsic delicacy of natural fibers.

Technical/Philosophical critique.

常见搭配

ferro de engomar

tábua de engomar

água de engomar

roupa para engomar

serviço de engomagem

engomar a seco

fácil de engomar

difícil de engomar

bem engomado

mandar engomar

常用短语

Dar uma engomadela

— To do a quick or light ironing of a garment.

Vou só dar uma engomadela nesta blusa.

Montanha de roupa para engomar

— A large, overwhelming pile of laundry waiting to be ironed.

Olha para esta montanha de roupa para engomar!

Engomar o lombo

— A very old-fashioned, rare slang for giving someone a beating (not recommended).

O pai ameaçou engomar-lhe o lombo se ele não estudasse.

Ficar engomado

— To become very stiff or formal in behavior.

Ele ficou todo engomado quando viu o chefe.

Pôr a engomar

— To send clothes to be ironed at a shop.

Vou pôr estas camisas a engomar amanhã.

Engomado de fresco

— Freshly ironed, often describing the smell or look of clean clothes.

Adoro o cheiro de lençóis engomados de fresco.

Passar e engomar

— A redundant phrase sometimes used to emphasize thoroughness.

Ela passou e engomou tudo com perfeição.

Tábua de engomar de mesa

— A small ironing board that sits on top of a table.

Para quem tem pouco espaço, a tábua de engomar de mesa é ótima.

Cesto da engomagem

— The basket where wrinkled clothes are kept.

O cesto da engomagem nunca está vazio.

Engomagem a vapor

— Steam ironing, the most common modern method.

A engomagem a vapor remove os vincos mais difíceis.

容易混淆的词

engomar vs engolir

Means 'to swallow'. Sounds similar at the start but has a totally different meaning.

engomar vs engomar (as starching)

Beginners think it *only* means starching, but it means general ironing now.

engomar vs gomar

This specifically means to apply starch, whereas engomar is the whole ironing process.

习语与表达

"Engomado até às orelhas"

— Extremely formally dressed, often to the point of discomfort.

Ele foi ao casamento engomado até às orelhas.

informal

"Ter o rei na barriga e o colarinho engomado"

— To be very arrogant and formally stiff.

Ninguém gosta dele; tem o rei na barriga e o colarinho engomado.

colloquial

"Engomar o juízo"

— To clear one's head or straighten out one's thoughts (rare/regional).

Preciso de férias para engomar o juízo.

regional

"Parecer que engoliu um cabo de vassoura (related)"

— To be as stiff as a board (often said of someone 'engomado').

Ele está tão engomado que parece que engoliu um cabo de vassoura.

informal

"Roupa engomada, vida arrumada"

— A saying implying that neat clothes reflect an organized life.

Como dizia a minha avó: roupa engomada, vida arrumada.

proverbial

"Ferro quente, engomagem rente"

— Do things while the opportunity is there (strike while the iron is hot).

Temos de fechar o negócio agora; ferro quente, engomagem rente.

metaphorical

"Engomar a situação"

— To smooth over a difficult social or political problem.

O diretor tentou engomar a situação com um pedido de desculpas.

figurative

"Fino como um lençol engomado"

— Very thin or very sharp/smart (context dependent).

Aquele rapaz é fino como um lençol engomado.

informal

"Mais engomado que um boneco de cera"

— Describing someone extremely stiff and unnatural.

O apresentador estava mais engomado que um boneco de cera.

informal

"Engomar as rugas"

— To get a facelift or use heavy makeup to hide age (slang).

Ela foi à clínica para engomar as rugas antes da festa.

slang

容易混淆

engomar vs engomar

Sounds like English 'engine'.

Engomar is a verb for ironing; engine is a motor (motor).

O motor do carro parou, mas eu continuei a engomar.

engomar vs passar

Used for 'to iron' in Brazil.

In Portugal, 'passar' is general; you need 'a ferro' to specify ironing.

Vou passar no supermercado e depois engomar a roupa.

engomar vs alisar

Both mean to smooth.

Alisar is general (hair, paper); engomar is specifically with a hot iron for clothes.

Ela alisa o cabelo e depois engoma o vestido.

engomar vs limpar

General cleaning term.

Limpar is to clean dirt; engomar is to remove wrinkles.

Primeiro tens de lavar e limpar a mancha, depois podes engomar.

engomar vs vincar

Related to ironing.

Vincar is to create a sharp line; engomar is to make the whole surface flat.

Engoma a camisa toda, mas não vinques as mangas.

句型

Eu [verb] a [noun].

Eu engomo a camisa.

Eu preciso de [verb] a [noun].

Eu preciso de engomar a saia.

Ontem, eu [past verb] a [noun].

Ontem, eu engomei o fato.

Se eu tivesse [noun], [conditional verb].

Se eu tivesse ferro, engomaria a roupa.

É importante que tu [subjunctive verb].

É importante que tu engomes a farda.

O [noun] exige ser [passive verb].

O linho exige ser engomado.

Apesar de [verb], a roupa continua amarrotada.

Apesar de engomar, a roupa continua amarrotada.

Nada obsta a que se [subjunctive verb].

Nada obsta a que se engome a seda.

词族

名词

engomagem (ironing process)

engomadoria (ironing shop)

engomadora (woman who irons)

engomador (man who irons)

goma (starch)

动词

engomar (to iron)

desengomar (to remove starch/wrinkle)

gomar (to starch)

形容词

engomado (ironed/stiff)

desengomado (limp/not ironed)

engomável (ironable)

如何使用

frequency

High in Portugal, Moderate in Brazil (where 'passar' is preferred).

常见错误

Eu ferro a roupa. → Eu engomo a roupa / Eu passo a roupa a ferro.
'Ferro' is a noun (iron), not a verb. You cannot use it as a verb like in English.
Eu engoli a minha camisa. → Eu engomei a minha camisa.
'Engolir' means to swallow. This is a common phonetic mistake for beginners.
A tábua de passar. → A tábua de engomar.
In Portugal, 'tábua de engomar' is the standard term, though 'passar' is understood.
Ele está muito engomada. → Ele está muito engomado.
Adjectives must agree in gender with the person they describe.
Engomar o cabelo. → Alisar o cabelo.
'Engomar' is strictly for clothes/fabrics, never for hair.

小贴士

Learn the shop name

Look for 'Engomadoria' signs in Portugal to see the word in the real world. It's a great way to remember it!

Regular is easy

Since it's a regular -ar verb, use it to practice your conjugation endings (o, as, a, amos, am).

Portugal vs Brazil

Use 'engomar' in Lisbon, but 'passar' in Rio to blend in better with the locals.

Nasal sound

Practice the 'en' sound by saying 'ten' but stopping before your tongue touches the roof of your mouth.

The Iron

Always remember 'ferro de engomar'. Without the 'ferro', you can't 'engomar'!

Chore list

Write 'Engomar' on your weekly to-do list to make the word part of your life.

Personality

Think of a very formal person you know and label them as 'engomado' in your mind.

Linen is the key

Linen (linho) is the fabric that most needs 'engomagem'. Associate the two words.

Outsourcing

In Portugal, it's cheap to 'mandar engomar'. Try the service once to practice the interaction.

Steam

Associate the word with the sound of steam (shhh!) coming from the iron.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'EN-GO-MAR'. You 'GO' to the 'MAR' (sea) in 'EN'-glish ironed clothes. Or: 'EN-GO-MAR' sounds like 'IN-GO-MORE' (put in more effort to iron).

视觉联想

Imagine a giant 'G' (for Goma/Starch) being flattened by a heavy iron into a straight line.

Word Web

ferro tábua camisa limpeza calor vapor roupa casa

挑战

Try to describe every item in your closet that needs to be 'engomado' using the sentence: 'Eu preciso de engomar o/a [item].'

词源

Derived from the Portuguese word 'goma' (starch), which comes from the Late Latin 'gumma' and Greek 'kommi'.

原始含义： To treat fabric with starch to make it stiff and smooth.

Romance (Latin root).

文化背景

Be careful when using 'engomado' to describe people; it can imply they are 'stuck up' or too formal.

In the US or UK, 'ironing' is the general term. 'Starching' is a specific, less common sub-task. We don't have a specific word like 'engomadoria' for just ironing; we usually go to the 'dry cleaners'.

'A Engomadeira' (The Ironing Girl) is a famous poem/work by the Portuguese writer Almada Negreiros. Traditional Fado songs sometimes mention the sound of the iron in the background of domestic life.

在生活中练习

真实语境

At home

Onde está a tábua?
Tenho muita roupa para engomar.
O ferro não aquece.
Ajuda-me a engomar isto?

At the 'Engomadoria'

Quanto custa por peça?
Pode engomar para amanhã?
Quero as camisas em cabides.
Aceitam cartões?

At a Hotel

Têm serviço de engomagem?
Preciso que engomem este fato com urgência.
Há um ferro de engomar no quarto?
Quanto tempo demora?

Shopping

Este tecido é fácil de engomar?
Precisa de ser engomado?
A peça está mal engomada.
Pode engomar antes de eu levar?

Work/Professional

Ele vem sempre bem engomado.
A farda deve estar engomada.
Não tive tempo de engomar a camisa.
Apresentação impecável e roupa engomada.

对话开场白

"Costumas engomar a tua própria roupa ou mandas para fora?"

"Qual é a tarefa doméstica que menos gostas: lavar ou engomar?"

"Achas que hoje em dia as pessoas engomam menos do que antigamente?"

"Sabias que em Portugal existem lojas só para engomar roupa?"

"Consegues engomar uma camisa em menos de cinco minutos?"

日记主题

Descreve a tua rotina de tratamento da roupa, desde a lavagem até ao engomar.

Escreve sobre uma vez que tiveste de engomar algo importante com muita pressa.

O que pensas sobre a profissão de engomadeira? É um trabalho valorizado?

Preferes roupas de tecidos que não precisam de ser engomados? Porquê?

Descreve o cheiro e a sensação de vestir uma camisa acabada de engomar.

常见问题

10 个问题

Yes, but it is much less common than 'passar' or 'passar a ferro'. If you use it in Brazil, you might sound a bit formal or old-fashioned, or clearly Portuguese.

No. While the word comes from 'goma' (starch), in modern usage, it simply means to iron. You don't need to use starch to say you are 'engomando'.

It is a specialized shop in Portugal where you can pay to have your clothes ironed. They usually don't wash the clothes; they just iron them.

You say 'tábua de engomar'. 'Tábua' means board.

In Portugal, they are synonyms. 'Engomar' is a single verb, while 'passar a ferro' is a phrase. 'Engomar' can sound slightly more professional or focused on the result.

No. For hair, you should use 'esticar' or 'alisar'. 'Engomar' is only for fabrics.

It is regular: eu engomei, tu engomaste, ele engomou, nós engomámos, eles engomaram.

It can be. If you call someone 'um engomado', you are saying they are stiff, formal, or lack personality.

It is scented water that you put in a steam iron to make the clothes smell good while ironing.

The best opposite is 'amarrotar' (to wrinkle).

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