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A2 noun #4,500 最常用 13分钟阅读

subsídio

前4,500

开始练习例句笔记与提示 subsídio 30秒了解

解析 subsídio in your Level:

At the A1 level, you only need to understand 'subsídio' as a basic word for 'financial help' or an 'allowance' that someone receives. You might encounter it when talking about work or basic needs. It is a masculine noun ('o subsídio'). Think of it as a specific amount of money given by the government or a company to help with something, like food or travel. At this stage, just focus on simple sentences like 'Eu recebo um subsídio' (I receive an allowance). You don't need to worry about the complex economic theories behind it. Just remember that it is often related to the workplace, such as the 'subsídio de refeição' (meal allowance) which is very common in Portugal. It is a useful word to know if you are looking at a simple job advertisement or a basic contract. The pronunciation is key: remember that the 's' sounds like a 'z'. Practice saying 'sub-zídio' to sound more natural from the start. You will mostly see it in the singular form, but the plural is simply 'subsídios'.

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At the A2 level, you should be able to identify different types of 'subsídios' and use them in context. You will likely hear about 'subsídio de férias' (holiday allowance) and 'subsídio de Natal' (Christmas allowance), which are standard parts of the Portuguese working year. You should be able to form sentences describing why someone receives this money. For example, 'Ele recebe o subsídio de desemprego porque não tem trabalho' (He receives unemployment benefit because he doesn't have a job). You will also start to see the word in news headlines about government aid. It is important to distinguish 'subsídio' from 'salário' (salary). At A2, you can use the verb 'ter direito a' (to have the right to) with 'subsídio'. For instance, 'Todos os trabalhadores têm direito ao subsídio de refeição'. You should also be comfortable with the plural 'subsídios' and basic adjectives like 'grande' (big) or 'pequeno' (small) to describe the amount. This level is about practical usage in daily life and work situations.

At the B1 level, you can use 'subsídio' to discuss more abstract social and economic topics. You should be able to talk about the impact of subsidies on the cost of living or the economy. For example, 'Os subsídios do governo ajudam a baixar o preço da eletricidade' (Government subsidies help lower the price of electricity). You will also encounter the word in more formal documents and news reports. You should be able to use related verbs like 'atribuir' (to grant) or 'requerer' (to apply for). At this stage, you might also see the secondary meaning of 'subsídio' as 'data' or 'contribution' in a learning context, such as 'subsídios para o estudo'. You can participate in debates about whether certain subsidies are fair or necessary. You should also understand the difference between 'subsídio' and 'bolsa' (scholarship) or 'pensão' (pension). Your vocabulary should include compound terms like 'subsídio de mobilidade' (mobility allowance) or 'subsídio de alojamento' (housing allowance). This level requires a more nuanced understanding of how these payments fit into the broader social security system.

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At the B2 level, you should have a firm grasp of the technical and legal nuances of 'subsídio'. You will use it in professional environments to discuss contract terms, tax implications, and corporate benefits. You should be able to explain complex situations, such as 'A empresa sobrevive graças aos subsídios estatais para a inovação' (The company survives thanks to state subsidies for innovation). You will understand the word in a variety of registers, from formal government decrees to editorial pieces in newspapers. You should be able to use the word with more advanced grammatical structures, such as passive voice: 'O subsídio foi cortado devido à crise económica'. You will also recognize the word in academic research where it refers to 'supporting material'. At B2, you should be able to distinguish between 'subsídio' and 'subvenção' (grant/subvention) and know when to use each based on the level of formality and the source of the funding. You can also discuss the socio-political implications of 'subsídio-dependência' (subsidy dependency) in a sophisticated manner.

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At the C1 level, your understanding of 'subsídio' is near-native. You can use the word in high-level academic, legal, and economic discourse. You are aware of the subtle differences in meaning when the word is used in different Lusophone countries (e.g., the prevalence of 'auxílio' in Brazil versus 'subsídio' in Portugal). You can read complex legislative texts about 'subsídios à exportação' (export subsidies) or 'subsídios de reestruturação' (restructuring grants) without difficulty. You use the word metaphorically or in abstract senses, such as 'subsídios para uma reflexão profunda' (materials for deep reflection). You are also familiar with the historical context of certain subsidies and how they have shaped the economy. In writing, you can use 'subsídio' to create sophisticated arguments about fiscal policy or social justice. You can also navigate the intricacies of 'subsídios cruzados' (cross-subsidies) in utility pricing. Your pronunciation is perfect, including the voiced 's', and you can switch between formal and neutral registers effortlessly.

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At the C2 level, you have complete mastery over the word 'subsídio' and its entire semantic field. You can interpret the word in the most dense literary or philosophical texts where it might be used in archaic or highly specialized ways. You can draft legal or policy documents that involve the allocation and regulation of 'subsídios'. You understand the full range of collocations and idiomatic nuances, including how 'subsídio' interacts with specialized terminology in fields like macroeconomics, law, and sociology. You can engage in high-level negotiations regarding 'subsídios' at an international level (e.g., EU subsidies). You are capable of analyzing the etymological roots and the evolution of the word's meaning over centuries. For you, 'subsídio' is not just a word for money; it is a complex concept representing the relationship between the individual, the state, and the economy. You can use it with absolute precision to convey subtle shades of meaning that even some native speakers might struggle to articulate. You can also critique the use of 'subsídios' in political rhetoric with a high degree of analytical skill.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

subsídio 30秒了解

Subsídio is a masculine noun meaning 'subsidy' or 'allowance', used for specific financial aid from the state or an employer.
It is commonly found in phrases like 'subsídio de desemprego' (unemployment benefit) and 'subsídio de refeição' (meal allowance).
In Portugal, it refers to mandatory 13th and 14th-month payments: 'subsídio de Natal' and 'subsídio de férias'.
Beyond money, it can formally mean 'data' or 'support' for a research project or legal case.

The word subsídio is a fundamental pillar of the economic and social vocabulary in the Portuguese-speaking world. At its core, it refers to a sum of money granted by a government, a public body, or an employer to assist an individual or an industry. In the context of labor laws in Portugal and Brazil, it often translates to specific allowances that form part of a worker's total compensation package. Unlike a basic salary, a subsídio is usually earmarked for a specific purpose, such as housing, meals, or social security support during periods of unemployment or illness. Understanding this word is crucial for anyone navigating the professional landscape or the social welfare systems of Lusophone countries.

Financial Support: In a macro-economic sense, a subsídio is a subsidy provided to businesses to keep prices low or to encourage production in specific sectors like agriculture or renewable energy.

Labor Benefits: In everyday life, most people use this word to talk about their benefits, such as the 'subsídio de refeição' (meal allowance), which is a daily amount paid to cover lunch costs.

O governo anunciou um novo subsídio para as famílias de baixa renda enfrentarem a inflação.

The term carries a connotation of institutional assistance. It is rarely used for informal gifts or casual loans between friends. Instead, it implies a formal, often legal, entitlement or a strategic economic intervention. For instance, the 'subsídio de desemprego' is the official term for unemployment benefits. In Portugal, the famous '13th and 14th months' are officially known as the 'subsídio de Natal' (Christmas allowance) and 'subsídio de férias' (holiday allowance), respectively. These are mandatory payments that significantly boost a worker's annual income, making the word 'subsídio' one of the most anticipated terms in a worker's calendar.

Muitos agricultores dependem do subsídio estatal para manterem as suas colheitas competitivas no mercado internacional.

Furthermore, the word can be used in academic or technical contexts to mean 'contribution' or 'data'. For example, 'subsídios para a história de Portugal' would mean 'contributions/materials for the history of Portugal'. However, this usage is more formal and less common in daily conversation than the financial meaning. In social debates, the word often appears when discussing the sustainability of the welfare state. Critics might argue that excessive subsídios create dependency, while proponents argue they are essential for social equity and economic stability during crises.

Sem o subsídio de transporte, seria impossível para muitos trabalhadores deslocarem-se para o centro da cidade.

State Intervention: The term is frequently linked to government policies aimed at correcting market failures or supporting vulnerable populations.

A empresa solicitou um subsídio à inovação para desenvolver novas tecnologias sustentáveis.

O subsídio de doença garante que o trabalhador não fique sem rendimentos enquanto recupera.

Using the word subsídio correctly requires understanding its grammatical role as a masculine noun and its common verbal pairings. In most sentences, 'subsídio' acts as the direct object of verbs related to giving, receiving, or managing money. Common verbs include 'receber' (to receive), 'conceder' (to grant), 'atribuir' (to assign/grant), 'cortar' (to cut), and 'requerer' (to apply for/request). Because it is a masculine noun, it is always preceded by masculine articles: 'o subsídio' (the subsidy) or 'um subsídio' (a subsidy). In the plural form, it becomes 'os subsídios'.

Verb Pairing: Receber: Used when an individual or entity is the beneficiary of the funds. Example: 'Ela recebe o subsídio de desemprego há três meses.'

Nós temos direito a um subsídio de alimentação diário de seis euros.

When discussing government policy, you will often see 'subsídio' used with the preposition 'a' (to) or 'para' (for) to indicate the recipient or the purpose. For example, 'subsídio à habitação' (housing subsidy) or 'subsídio para estudos' (study grant). It is also frequently found in compound terms that define the specific type of aid. These terms are essential for bureaucratic navigation. If you are filling out forms in a Portuguese-speaking country, you might see fields asking for 'tipo de subsídio' (type of allowance) or 'valor do subsídio' (amount of the subsidy).

O diretor decidiu cortar o subsídio de deslocação para reduzir custos operacionais.

In a professional context, 'subsídio' is often contrasted with 'vencimento' (base salary). While 'vencimento' is the fixed pay for your work, 'subsídios' are the additional components. When negotiating a contract, you might ask: 'Quais são os subsídios incluídos no pacote salarial?' (What allowances are included in the salary package?). This distinguishes between your gross pay and the specific perks like transport or childcare support. In the plural, 'subsídios' can also refer broadly to 'data' or 'information' in an academic sense, as in 'Esta pesquisa oferece novos subsídios para o estudo da linguística'.

O tribunal solicitou mais subsídios documentais antes de proferir a sentença final.

Prepositional Usage: Use 'de' for the category (subsídio de férias) and 'para' for the goal (subsídio para a reconstrução).

Eles requereram o subsídio de maternidade logo após o nascimento do filho.

O estado atribuiu um subsídio extraordinário aos artistas durante a pandemia.

You will encounter the word subsídio in a variety of real-world settings, ranging from the evening news to the HR office of a multinational company. In Portugal, one of the most common places to hear it is during the holiday season or before the summer break. People will frequently discuss the 'subsídio de Natal' and 'subsídio de férias'. You might hear a coworker say, 'Vou usar o meu subsídio de férias para viajar para o Algarve' (I'm going to use my holiday allowance to travel to the Algarve). These payments are so culturally ingrained that they are often referred to as the 'décimo terceiro' (13th) and 'décimo quarto' (14th) months of salary.

In the News: News anchors often report on 'subsídios estatais' (state subsidies) when talking about the price of fuel, electricity, or public transport fares.

O telejornal informou que o subsídio de desemprego terá um aumento no próximo ano fiscal.

Another common location is the 'Segurança Social' (Social Security) office. Whether you are applying for parental leave ('subsídio parental'), sickness benefit ('subsídio de doença'), or support for the elderly, the word 'subsídio' will be on every form and in every conversation with the clerks. In Brazil, while the term 'auxílio' is also very common (like 'Auxílio Brasil'), 'subsídio' remains the standard term for government grants to industries or specific financial aid programs. In a corporate environment, during a performance review or salary negotiation, you might hear about 'subsídios de formação' (training grants) that the company provides to help employees upskill.

Na reunião, discutimos a possibilidade de solicitar um subsídio europeu para o nosso projeto de energia solar.

In academic circles, professors might ask students for 'subsídios bibliográficos' (bibliographic references/materials) for their research. This usage is more abstract but still follows the logic of 'providing support'—in this case, intellectual support for an argument. In the legal world, lawyers talk about 'subsídios para a defesa' (materials/evidence for the defense). However, for the average person, the word is most visceral when it relates to their bank account and the social safety net that protects them during life's transitions. It is a word that carries weight, signifying both the responsibilities of the state and the rights of the citizen.

O sindicato está a lutar pela manutenção do subsídio de risco para os bombeiros.

Professional Context: Human Resources will use this term when explaining your benefits package, specifically regarding meal vouchers or travel reimbursements.

Recebi um e-mail sobre o pagamento do subsídio de alimentação retroativo.

A nova lei prevê um subsídio para cuidadores informais de pessoas idosas.

One of the most frequent mistakes for English speakers learning Portuguese is confusing subsídio with 'salary' or 'wage'. While it is part of one's income, a subsídio is always a specific *extra* or a targeted *aid*, not the base pay for labor. Calling your entire paycheck a 'subsídio' would sound very strange. Another common error is phonetic; many learners see the 's' after 'b' and try to pronounce it like the English 'sub-side', with a sharp 's' sound. In Portuguese, the 's' in 'subsídio' is voiced, sounding like a 'z' (/sub-zídio/). Pronouncing it with a hard 's' (/sub-sídio/) is a clear marker of a non-native speaker.

Confusing with 'Ajuda': While 'ajuda' means help, in a formal or legal context, you should use 'subsídio'. Using 'ajuda de desemprego' instead of 'subsídio de desemprego' is technically incorrect in a bureaucratic setting.

Errado: Eu recebo o meu salário de desemprego. (Correct: Subsídio de desemprego).

Another nuance involves the difference between 'subsídio' and 'bolsa'. A 'bolsa' (scholarship or grant) is specifically for education or research. While a 'bolsa' is a type of financial aid, you wouldn't call a meal allowance a 'bolsa de refeição'. Conversely, calling a university scholarship a 'subsídio de estudo' is possible but 'bolsa de estudo' is the standard term. Learners also often struggle with the preposition that follows. It is 'subsídio *de*' when naming the type (férias, natal, desemprego) but 'subsídio *para*' or '*a*' when indicating the target or recipient (subsídio para as rendas, subsídio à produção).

Errado: O governo deu um subsídio de a agricultura. (Correct: Subsídio à agricultura).

Finally, be careful with the plural. The plural is 'subsídios'. Some learners mistakenly try to pluralize it like 'subsidies' in English, but Portuguese follows the standard '-s' addition for nouns ending in 'o'. In terms of register, using 'subsídio' in a very casual conversation about lending a friend five euros for a coffee would be seen as jokingly formal or sarcastic. For informal help, stick to 'ajuda' or 'empréstimo' (loan). 'Subsídio' implies a level of formality, paperwork, and institutional structure that informal favors do not have.

Errado: Podes dar-me um subsídio para o café? (Too formal; use 'ajuda' or 'dinheiro').

Gender Agreement: Always use masculine modifiers. Say 'um pequeno subsídio', not 'uma pequena subsídio'.

O subsídio foi aprovado, mas a quantia é insuficiente para as nossas necessidades.

Eles estão à espera do subsídio de parentalidade para pagar as despesas do bebé.

While subsídio is the most common term for institutional aid, Portuguese offers several synonyms and related terms that vary based on the context and the level of formality. Understanding these alternatives will help you sound more natural and precise. The most frequent synonym in a general sense is 'ajuda' (help/aid), but it lacks the formal connotation of a 'subsídio'. If you are talking about a government grant for a specific project, you might use 'subvenção', which is even more formal and technical than 'subsídio'.

Subsídio vs. Bolsa: A 'bolsa' is specifically for educational or research purposes (e.g., bolsa de estudo), whereas 'subsídio' is broader and covers labor benefits or industrial aid.

Ela ganhou uma bolsa para estudar em Coimbra, o que é diferente de um subsídio de desemprego.

In Brazil, the word 'auxílio' is extremely common and often replaces 'subsídio' in the names of social programs. For example, 'Auxílio-doença' is the Brazilian equivalent of the Portuguese 'subsídio de doença'. Another term is 'abono', which usually refers to a one-time bonus or a specific salary supplement, like 'abono de família' (family allowance/benefit). While 'subsídio' and 'abono' are often used interchangeably in casual talk, 'abono' often implies a smaller or more specific adjustment to a salary. For broader economic support, 'fomento' (promotion/encouragement) is used to describe funds intended to stimulate a sector.

O fundo de fomento agrícola é essencial para os novos empresários rurais.

In the context of information or data, synonyms include 'dados' (data), 'elementos' (elements/information), or 'contributos' (contributions). For example, 'Estes documentos servem de subsídio para a nossa análise' could be replaced by 'Estes documentos servem de dados para a nossa análise'. In a legal context, 'provas' (evidence) might be a more specific alternative. However, 'subsídio' remains the preferred term when the information is seen as a foundational support for a larger conclusion or decision. Choosing between these words depends on whether you are emphasizing the monetary aspect or the supportive role.

O relatório apresenta novos contributos para a resolução do problema habitacional.

Subsídio vs. Subvenção: 'Subvenção' is typically used for large-scale institutional or governmental grants, often in a political or NGO context.

A associação cultural vive de subvenções públicas e doações privadas.

O abono de família ajuda a cobrir os custos com a educação das crianças.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The word comes from 'sub' (under) + 'sedere' (to sit). So, a subsidy is literally something that 'sits under' you to support you.

发音指南

UK /sʊbˈzɪ.di.u/

US /subˈzi.dʒu/

The stress is on the second syllable: sub-SÍ-dio.

押韵词

homicídio suicídio presídio prodígio assíduo resíduo estúdio prefácio

常见错误

Pronouncing the 's' as a sharp 's' instead of a 'z'.
Making the 'b' silent (it must be pronounced).
Stress on the first or last syllable.
Ignoring the written accent.
Confusing 'di' with 'de' in some dialects.

难度评级

阅读 2/5

Easy to recognize due to the English cognate 'subsidy'.

写作 3/5

The accent on the 'í' and the 'io' ending can be tricky for beginners.

口语 4/5

The 's' as 'z' pronunciation is a common point of failure for learners.

听力 3/5

Easily understood in context, but can be confused with 'suicídio' if not careful.

接下来学什么

前置知识

dinheiro ajuda trabalho governo pagar

接下来学习

vencimento imposto segurança social contrato reforma

高级

subvenção fomento fiscalidade alocação externalidade

需要掌握的语法

Masculine noun agreement

O subsídio (not a subsídio).

Voiced 's' between vowels/consonants

Sub-zídio (phonetic rule).

Contractions with prepositions

Direito ao subsídio (a + o).

Accents in proparoxytone words

Subsídio (stress on the third-to-last syllable).

Pluralization of -io nouns

Subsídios (just add s).

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按水平分级的例句

O subsídio é bom.

The allowance is good.

Simple subject-verb-adjective structure.

Eu recebo o subsídio de refeição.

I receive the meal allowance.

Direct object with 'de' phrase.

Onde está o meu subsídio?

Where is my allowance?

Interrogative sentence with masculine article.

O subsídio é para o transporte.

The allowance is for transport.

Preposition 'para' indicating purpose.

Eles têm um subsídio pequeno.

They have a small allowance.

Adjective 'pequeno' following the noun.

O subsídio chega amanhã.

The allowance arrives tomorrow.

Present tense used for near future.

Este é o subsídio de Natal.

This is the Christmas allowance.

Demonstrative pronoun 'este'.

Não tenho subsídio este mês.

I don't have an allowance this month.

Negative sentence structure.

O governo dá um subsídio às famílias.

The government gives a subsidy to families.

Indirect object with 'às' (contraction of a + as).

Preciso de pedir o subsídio de desemprego.

I need to apply for unemployment benefit.

Verb 'precisar de' followed by infinitive.

O subsídio de férias é pago em junho.

The holiday allowance is paid in June.

Passive voice 'é pago'.

Quanto é o valor do seu subsídio?

How much is the value of your allowance?

Interrogative 'quanto' regarding value.

O subsídio de alimentação ajuda muito.

The meal allowance helps a lot.

Adverb 'muito' modifying the verb.

Ela não recebeu o subsídio de doença.

She didn't receive the sickness benefit.

Past tense 'recebeu' in negative form.

Os subsídios são importantes para a economia.

Subsidies are important for the economy.

Plural noun and verb agreement.

Você tem direito a este subsídio estatal.

You have the right to this state subsidy.

Expression 'ter direito a'.

O subsídio à habitação foi aprovado pelo parlamento.

The housing subsidy was approved by parliament.

Passive voice with agent 'pelo parlamento'.

Muitas empresas dependem de subsídios para sobreviver.

Many companies depend on subsidies to survive.

Verb 'depender de'.

O corte no subsídio de transporte causou protestos.

The cut in the transport allowance caused protests.

Noun 'corte' followed by preposition 'no'.

Este livro oferece subsídios para o seu estudo.

This book offers materials for your study.

Abstract meaning of 'subsídios'.

O valor do subsídio depende do rendimento familiar.

The amount of the subsidy depends on family income.

Subject-verb agreement.

Eles solicitaram um subsídio para a reconstrução da casa.

They requested a grant for the reconstruction of the house.

Verb 'solicitar' (formal for 'pedir').

O subsídio de maternidade foi estendido por mais um mês.

Maternity leave benefit was extended for one more month.

Compound verb 'foi estendido'.

Não é fácil obter um subsídio da União Europeia.

It is not easy to obtain a European Union subsidy.

Impersonal 'Não é fácil' + infinitive.

A atribuição do subsídio está sujeita a uma verificação de meios.

The granting of the subsidy is subject to a means test.

Noun 'atribuição' and expression 'sujeita a'.

O subsídio de desemprego cessará se recusar uma oferta de trabalho.

Unemployment benefit will cease if you refuse a job offer.

Future tense 'cessará' and conditional 'se'.

Os subsídios agrícolas são um tema controverso na política europeia.

Agricultural subsidies are a controversial topic in European politics.

Adjective 'controverso' agreeing with 'tema'.

O governo pretende reduzir os subsídios aos combustíveis fósseis.

The government intends to reduce subsidies for fossil fuels.

Verb 'pretender' + infinitive.

O relatório fornece subsídios técnicos para a nova legislação.

The report provides technical data for the new legislation.

Technical usage of 'subsídios'.

Houve uma fraude generalizada na obtenção de subsídios públicos.

There was widespread fraud in obtaining public subsidies.

Existential 'Houve' (past of haver).

O subsídio de inserção social visa combater a pobreza extrema.

The social integration allowance aims to combat extreme poverty.

Verb 'visar' (to aim at).

A empresa beneficiou de um subsídio a fundo perdido.

The company benefited from a non-repayable grant.

Idiomatic 'a fundo perdido'.

A sustentabilidade do sistema de subsídios está em causa.

The sustainability of the subsidy system is at stake.

Idiom 'estar em causa'.

O subsídio de risco é uma reivindicação antiga dos sindicatos.

Risk allowance is a long-standing claim of the unions.

Noun 'reivindicação' (claim/demand).

A implementação de subsídios transversais pode distorcer o mercado.

Implementing cross-cutting subsidies can distort the market.

Gerund/Infinitive 'implementação'.

O artigo carece de subsídios empíricos que sustentem a tese.

The article lacks empirical data to support the thesis.

Verb 'carecer de' (to lack).

O governo optou por um subsídio degressivo ao longo do tempo.

The government opted for a degressive subsidy over time.

Adjective 'degressivo'.

A cumulação de subsídios é proibida por lei nesta jurisdição.

The accumulation of subsidies is prohibited by law in this jurisdiction.

Noun 'cumulação'.

O subsídio de parentalidade partilhado incentiva a igualdade de género.

Shared parental allowance encourages gender equality.

Past participle 'partilhado' as adjective.

A retórica política foca-se muitas vezes no abuso dos subsídios.

Political rhetoric often focuses on the abuse of subsidies.

Reflexive verb 'focar-se'.

A arquitetura fiscal do país assenta numa complexa teia de subsídios.

The country's fiscal architecture is based on a complex web of subsidies.

Verb 'assentar em' (to rest/base on).

O subsídio de exploração é vital para a manutenção das ferrovias.

The operating subsidy is vital for the maintenance of the railways.

Technical term 'subsídio de exploração'.

Não podemos descurar os subsídios históricos que moldaram esta região.

We cannot neglect the historical contributions that shaped this region.

Verb 'descurar' (to neglect).

A perversidade dos subsídios à produção reside na sua ineficiência alocativa.

The perversity of production subsidies lies in their allocative inefficiency.

Abstract noun 'perversidade'.

O acórdão do tribunal baseou-se em subsídios jurídicos internacionais.

The court's ruling was based on international legal precedents/materials.

Verb 'basear-se em'.

A eliminação abrupta dos subsídios poderia desencadear uma convulsão social.

The abrupt elimination of subsidies could trigger social upheaval.

Conditional 'poderia' and noun 'convulsão'.

O subsídio de reinserção deve ser acompanhado de formação profissional.

The reintegration allowance must be accompanied by vocational training.

Passive voice with modal 'deve ser'.

A análise foca a incidência distributiva dos subsídios públicos.

The analysis focuses on the distributive incidence of public subsidies.

Technical term 'incidência distributiva'.

常见搭配

receber um subsídio

atribuir um subsídio

subsídio estatal

subsídio de desemprego

subsídio de refeição

requerer um subsídio

cortar os subsídios

valor do subsídio

subsídio de férias

subsídio de Natal

常用短语

ter direito ao subsídio

— To be legally eligible to receive the allowance.

Você tem direito ao subsídio de parentalidade?

solicitar subsídio

— To formally ask for financial aid.

A associação vai solicitar um subsídio à câmara municipal.

subsídio a fundo perdido

— A grant that does not need to be repaid.

O projeto recebeu um subsídio a fundo perdido da UE.

subsídio por morte

— Death benefit paid to survivors.

A viúva requereu o subsídio por morte.

subsídio de residência

— Housing allowance often given to diplomats or military.

O oficial recebe um subsídio de residência.

subsídio de transporte

— Travel or commuting allowance.

O subsídio de transporte cobre o passe do metro.

subsídio de insularidade

— Special allowance for living on an island (like Madeira or Azores).

Os professores nos Açores recebem subsídio de insularidade.

subsídio de risco

— Hazard pay for dangerous jobs.

Os polícias pedem um aumento do subsídio de risco.

subsídio de turno

— Shift work allowance.

Quem trabalha à noite recebe subsídio de turno.

subsídio de aleitamento

— Nursing/breastfeeding allowance.

A mãe tem direito ao subsídio de aleitamento.

容易混淆的词

subsídio vs suicídio

Sounds similar but means suicide. Be very careful with pronunciation!

subsídio vs substância

Starts with 'sub' but refers to matter or substance.

subsídio vs subsolo

Means basement/underground; don't confuse the 'sub' prefix meanings.

习语与表达

"viver de subsídios"

— To rely entirely on government aid rather than working; often used pejoratively.

Ele não quer trabalhar, prefere viver de subsídios.

Informal/Critical

"dar subsídios para"

— To provide the necessary information or tools for something to happen.

Esta conversa deu-me subsídios para tomar uma decisão.

Formal

"cortar o subsídio"

— Metaphorically, to stop supporting someone or something.

O pai cortou o subsídio ao filho depois da festa.

Informal

"subsídio de bolso"

— A small, often unofficial allowance (like pocket money).

É apenas um pequeno subsídio de bolso para as despesas.

Informal

"em busca de subsídios"

— Looking for evidence or supporting facts.

O historiador viajou em busca de subsídios para a sua obra.

Academic

"subsídio de paciência"

— A humorous way to say one needs extra patience for a task.

Para aturar este chefe, eu precisava de um subsídio de paciência.

Slang/Humorous

"chuva de subsídios"

— A period where many grants or aids are being distributed.

Houve uma chuva de subsídios antes das eleições.

Journalistic

"subsídio fantasma"

— A subsidy that exists on paper but never reaches the recipient or is fraudulent.

A polícia investiga o caso do subsídio fantasma.

Journalistic

"pendurado no subsídio"

— Stuck or dependent on a specific benefit.

Ele está pendurado no subsídio de desemprego há anos.

Informal

"subsídio de presença"

— A small fee paid just for attending a meeting or session.

Os deputados recebem um subsídio de presença nas comissões.

Formal

容易混淆

subsídio vs bolsa

Both are financial aid.

Bolsa is for study/research; subsídio is for labor/social welfare.

Ganhei uma bolsa para o mestrado, mas recebo subsídio de refeição no trabalho.

subsídio vs pensão

Both are government payments.

Pensão is usually long-term (retirement); subsídio is often temporary or specific.

O meu avô recebe uma pensão, mas o meu irmão recebe subsídio de desemprego.

subsídio vs salário

Both are money from work.

Salário is base pay; subsídio is an extra allowance.

O meu salário é baixo, mas o subsídio de alimentação ajuda.

subsídio vs prémio

Both are extra money.

Prémio is a performance bonus; subsídio is a standard allowance or right.

Recebi um prémio por vender muito e o meu subsídio de Natal.

subsídio vs donativo

Both are given money.

Donativo is a voluntary donation; subsídio is a formal/legal grant.

Fiz um donativo à igreja, mas a associação recebeu um subsídio estatal.

句型

Eu tenho [subsídio].

Eu tenho subsídio de refeição.

O [subsídio] é para [purpose].

O subsídio é para o transporte.

Ele recebe o [subsídio] porque [reason].

Ele recebe o subsídio porque está doente.

A empresa solicitou um [subsídio] à [entity].

A empresa solicitou um subsídio à União Europeia.

A [noun] depende da manutenção dos [subsídios].

A economia depende da manutenção dos subsídios agrícolas.

A distorção do mercado advém dos [subsídios].

A distorção do mercado advém dos subsídios transversais.

Quando recebes o [subsídio]?

Quando recebes o subsídio de Natal?

É necessário requerer o [subsídio].

É necessário requerer o subsídio de desemprego.

词族

名词

subsidiação

subsidiariedade

动词

subsidiar

形容词

subsidiário

subsidiado

如何使用

frequency

Extremely frequent in news, law, and HR contexts.

常见错误

Using 'subsídio' for 'salary'. → salário / vencimento
A 'subsídio' is an extra allowance, not the main pay for your work.
Pronouncing it as 'sub-sídio' (sharp S). → sub-zídio
In Portuguese, the 's' in this word is voiced like a 'z'.
Writing 'subsidio' without the accent. → subsídio
Proparoxytone words (stressed on the third-to-last syllable) always have an accent in Portuguese.
Using 'ajuda' in a formal contract. → subsídio
'Ajuda' is too informal for legal or professional documents.
Confusing 'subsídio' with 'suicídio'. → subsídio
Mixing these up can lead to very awkward or alarming conversations!

小贴士

Gender Agreement

Always remember that 'subsídio' is masculine. Use 'o', 'um', 'meu', and masculine adjectives like 'extraordinário'.

The 'Z' Sound

Don't say 'sub-sidio' with a sharp 's'. Say 'sub-zídio'. This is one of the most common mistakes for English speakers.

The 13th Month

In Portugal, when people talk about 'o subsídio', they are often referring specifically to the Christmas or Holiday allowance.

Cognates

The word is a cognate of 'subsidy', but its use for personal allowances (like food or transport) is much broader than in English.

Job Offers

When looking at a salary in Portugal, ask if the value is 'com ou sem subsídios' to know your real take-home pay.

Social Security

If you are in Portugal, 'Segurança Social' is the place where you apply for most 'subsídios'.

Research Materials

If a professor asks for 'subsídios para a aula', they want you to bring materials or data to support the lesson.

Acute Accent

Never forget the accent on the 'í'. It marks the stressed syllable and is required by Portuguese spelling rules.

Bolsa vs Subsídio

Use 'bolsa' for education and 'subsídio' for everything else financial aid related.

Prepositions

Use 'subsídio de' for the category and 'subsídio para' for the goal. 'Subsídio de desemprego' vs 'Subsídio para a reconstrução'.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of a 'Sub' (under) 'City' (sídio). The government pays to keep the city running from underneath. Sub-sídio.

视觉联想

Imagine a worker receiving two extra 'presents' on a calendar: one in Summer (Férias) and one in Winter (Natal). These are his subsídios.

Word Web

Dinheiro Ajuda Governo Trabalho Natal Férias Desemprego Estado

挑战

Try to list three types of 'subsídio' you would like to have in your dream job (e.g., subsídio de viagem, subsídio de ginásio).

词源

From the Latin 'subsidium', which originally referred to a body of troops held in reserve or 'sitting behind' the main line.

原始含义： Support, assistance, or military reserve.

Romance (Latin root).

文化背景

Be careful when using 'viver de subsídios' as it can sound judgmental towards people who rely on social welfare.

In the UK/US, 'subsidy' is mostly used for businesses (e.g., farming subsidies). For individuals, we usually say 'benefits', 'allowance', or 'grants'.

The Portuguese Labor Code (Código do Trabalho) EU Common Agricultural Policy (PAC) Bolsa Família (Brazil)

在生活中练习

真实语境

Employment

subsídio de refeição
subsídio de férias
subsídio de Natal
subsídio de turno

Social Welfare

subsídio de desemprego
subsídio de doença
subsídio de parentalidade
subsídio de inserção

Economics

subsídio à exportação
subsídio estatal
subsídios cruzados
eliminação de subsídios

Education

subsídio de estudo
subsídio de formação
subsídio de alojamento
requerer bolsa/subsídio

Agriculture

subsídio à produção
subsídio agrícola
subsídios da UE
ajuda direta

对话开场白

"O teu subsídio de refeição é pago em dinheiro ou em cartão?"

"Já recebeste o teu subsídio de Natal este ano?"

"Achas que o governo devia dar mais subsídios para a habitação?"

"Como funciona o subsídio de desemprego no teu país?"

"O que vais fazer com o teu próximo subsídio de férias?"

日记主题

Escreve sobre a importância dos subsídios estatais para as famílias mais pobres.

Se fosses o Primeiro-Ministro, que novo subsídio criarias para ajudar os jovens?

Descreve como o subsídio de férias impacta a economia do turismo em Portugal.

Reflete sobre a frase: 'Os subsídios devem ser temporários, não permanentes'.

Relata uma situação em que um subsídio (como uma bolsa de estudo) mudou a tua vida.

常见问题

10 个问题

It is an extra month's salary paid to workers in Portugal in November or December to help with Christmas expenses. It is often called the 13th month.

It is masculine. You say 'o subsídio' and 'um subsídio'. Adjectives must also be masculine, like 'subsídio generoso'.

The 's' is voiced, so it sounds like a 'z' in English (sub-ZEE-dee-oo). This is common for 's' after 'b' in this word.

While technically possible, 'bolsa de estudo' is much more common. 'Subsídio' sounds more like a government benefit for living costs.

It is a daily meal allowance paid by employers. In Portugal, it is often around 5-9 euros per working day and is tax-exempt up to a certain limit.

In Portugal, all salaried employees are legally entitled to it. It is usually paid before the worker's main holiday period.

Yes, in formal or academic contexts, it can mean 'data', 'materials', or 'contributions' that support a study or argument.

The plural is 'subsídios'. You simply add an 's' to the end.

It is a grant that does not have to be paid back. It is common in government or EU funding for startups and research.

In Brazil, 'auxílio' is more common for social programs, while in Portugal 'subsídio' is the standard term. They are synonyms in many contexts.

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